CN114391328A - A method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using biomass fuel ash from a baking house - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using flue-curing barn biomass fuel ash, belonging to the technical field of soil treatment and restoration. The method comprises the following steps: s1: preparing a composite modifier; s2: detecting parameters; s3: ploughing the soil layer by layer; s4: and (5) covering a film and paving. The ash slag generated in the flue-cured tobacco baking process is prepared into the composite modifier through optimized modification, the composite modifier is used for improving the acid tobacco field soil, the sustainable utilization of the acid tobacco field is realized, the combustion effect is ensured by preparing the tobacco straw into the biomass fuel, the combusted ash slag is used for improving the soil acidity, the soil acidity can be neutralized, the effective state mineral substance component of the soil is supplemented, the heavy metal residue is reduced, and the sustainable development of the acid soil flue-cured tobacco production is realized; the soil is added with the composite modifier in a layered manner, so that the surface soil layer and the deep soil layer can be fully improved, the pH value of the acid tobacco field soil can be increased, the acidity of the acid tobacco field soil is weakened, the sustainability is long, meanwhile, the effective mineral components of the soil can be effectively supplemented, and the rapid restoration of the soil fertility is facilitated.

Description

A method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using biomass fuel ash from a baking house

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil treatment and remediation, and in particular relates to a method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using biomass fuel ash from a barn.

Background technique

Tobacco is one of the important economic crops in our country, and it is also one of the main sources of tax revenue in our country, and occupies an important position in the national economy. According to the statistics of the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, among the national tobacco planting divisions, the Huanghuaihai Tobacco Area (southeast of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, all of Hebei, Shanxi and Shandong, most of Shaanxi, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui Huaihe North and Beijing and Tianjin municipalities) It is the largest flue-cured tobacco producing area in my country, accounting for more than 50% of the country's total output.

The soil environment suitable for tobacco growth is mainly a slightly acidic to neutral environment (pH range of 5.5-6.5). Too acid or too alkali affects the growth and development of tobacco roots, and at the same time affects the bioavailability of soil nutrients, so it is difficult to be absorbed by tobacco.

The roasting room is mainly used for roasting the harvested tobacco leaves. The curing room includes a heating room and a smoking room. After the harvested tobacco leaves are tied to a rod and installed in the smoking room, heat is supplied to the smoking room through the heating room to complete the curing of the tobacco leaves. Traditional tobacco curing mainly uses coal as fuel for heating. Under the background of energy saving and emission reduction, dual carbon goals, etc., solid biomass pellet fuel is regarded as the best biomass energy in the current and future application prospects of intensive curing rooms. , which can reduce pollution, reduce costs and increase efficiency, and achieve green and low-carbon goals on the premise of ensuring the quality of tobacco leaf curing. Therefore, in recent years, biomass fuel curing barns have been promoted and applied in major tobacco areas.

During the curing process of flue-cured tobacco, a large amount of ash will be produced, and these slags can be used for acid soil improvement to realize the sustainable utilization of acid tobacco fields. Layered ploughing is likely to result in inadequate treatment of deep soil, and no moisture test is carried out when the amendment is sprayed. At the same time, no mulch is laid on the soil, which is likely to cause the loss of soil organic matter and other nutrients and amendments. Improved effect.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the above existing problems, the patent of the present invention provides a method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using biomass fuel ash from a barn.

The technical scheme of the present invention is: a method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using biomass fuel ash from a barn, comprising the following steps:

S1: Preparation of composite modifier

S11: Grinding and classifying the ash after baking in the oven, sieving through 100 meshes to select fine ash as the raw material, and continuing to grind the remaining ash until it meets the requirements for use;

S12: Fully mix 55-65 parts of fine ash, 15-25 parts of biochar, 60-80 parts of tobacco straw decomposed fertilizer, 2-4 parts of microbial inoculum and 20-25 parts of animal feces selected in step S11, 45-65℃ fermentation treatment for 15-20d;

S13: placing the fermented product in step S12 into a granulator for granulation to obtain a composite modifier;

S2: parameter detection

The soil is sampled in layers at a depth of 10-15cm for each layer, and is divided into surface layer and sub-surface layer from top to bottom, and the rest is the bottom layer, and the soil pH value is sampled and tested, and the amount of compound modifier added is determined according to the test value. , the application standard of compound modifier is: pH is between 4.5-5.5, application rate is 500kg/mu, pH is 4.0-4.5, application rate is 1000kg/mu; when subsurface soil pH> 5.5, when ploughing Only apply the compound modifier to the surface soil. When the pH of the subsurface soil is less than 5.5, apply the compound modifier to both the surface layer and the subsurface layer during ploughing;

S3: The soil is tilled layer by layer

When the composite modifier is only applied to the surface soil, the composite modifier in step S1 is evenly sprayed into the surface soil according to the required addition amount, and is ploughed and mixed evenly;

When the composite modifier is applied to both the surface layer and the subsurface layer, the tobacco field soil to be improved is deeply tilled to a distance of 10-15 cm from the ground by using the tillage device, and the composite modifier in step S1 is evenly sprayed to the subsurface layer according to the required addition amount. In the soil, check the moisture content of the sub-surface soil. When the moisture content is lower than 35%, continue to spray the compound modifier evenly into the sub-surface layer, and plough and mix evenly. Then, lay the soil in the sub-surface layer until the plough layer It is flush with the ground to form a surface layer, and finally, the compound modifier is sprayed into the surface soil, and the ploughing is done evenly;

S4: Lamination of film

Divide the tobacco field soil treated in step S3 into multiple rows parallel to each other, then level the land between the rows, and lay mulch on the soil surface of each row. The amendment is lost, thereby reducing the soil improvement effect, and the branch laying is to reduce the difficulty of laying the film as a whole.

Further, a method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using biomass fuel ash from a barn according to claim 1, wherein the biochar is prepared by pyrolysis, grinding and sieving of tobacco straw , wherein the particle size of biochar is 50-100 μm. In the process of flue-cured tobacco, a large amount of ash will be produced, which can be used for acid soil improvement and realize the sustainable utilization of acid tobacco fields.

Further, the microbial inoculum in the step S12 is a mixed inoculum prepared by mixing Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus megaterium in a weight ratio of 1:3, so as to improve the fermentation efficiency.

Further, in the step S3, before the composite modifier is sprayed on each plough layer, the water content of the tobacco field soil in each plough layer is first tested, and if the moisture content is greater than 35%, it is first dried and loosened until When the moisture content is lower than 35%, the compound conditioner should be sprayed to avoid the loss of organic matter, available phosphorus and other nutrients in the soil and the compound conditioner due to excessive soil moisture, and reduce the soil improvement effect.

Further, in the step S4, the gap between the two adjacent rows of films is 5-10 cm. By setting an appropriate gap between the adjacent two rows of films, the laying of the films is not only convenient, but also the Pave soil to minimize the amount of evaporation of soil moisture and loss of compound amendments as much as possible.

Further, when laying mulch on the tobacco field soil in the step S4, each plough layer is laid separately to prevent the composite modifier from infiltrating between the plough layers, and under the action of gravity, excessive accumulation in the bottom soil is difficult. Degradation, while the content of composite amendments in the upper soil is insufficient to reduce the improvement effect.

Further, when the compound modifier is sprayed in the S3, according to the application rate of 500-1000kg/mu, it is avoided to add excessively to cause secondary soil pollution, or to add insufficiently to affect the improvement effect.

Further, the ploughing device includes a ploughing main body with a roller at the bottom end and a push rod on the side wall, a depth adjustment component arranged in the ploughing main body, a depth adjustment component located at the bottom end of the ploughing body and connected with the depth adjustment component. A connected tillage assembly, the depth adjustment assembly includes two adjustment frames arranged inside the tillage main body and placed horizontally from top to bottom, arranged between the two adjustment frames and cross-hinged through the middle of the two struts The cross frame, the screw rod horizontally arranged in the adjustment frame, the screw rod at the lower end is provided with a rotating handle, the upper end of one of the support rods is connected with the screw rod at the upper end through the slider, and the lower end is hinged with the inner wall of the tiller main body , the upper end of the other support rod is connected with the screw rod at the lower end through the slider, and the upper end is hinged with the inner wall of the tilling main body; the tilling assembly includes the tilling teeth connected with the adjusting frame on the upper end through the L-shaped connecting frame, the driving The motor that rotates the tiller teeth, the tiller main body is provided with a holding box for containing the compound modifier, and the bottom end of the tiller main body is provided with a spray port connected with the holding box through a connecting pipe. When the field soil is ploughed, the staff pushes the push rod to move the ploughing body, and starts the motor to drive the ploughing teeth to plough the soil. The sliders corresponding to each support rod move at the same time on the screw rod, so that the two support rods move toward or away from each other, thereby driving the ploughing teeth to move up and down to complete the ploughing of soils of different depths.

Further, a fender is provided at the bottom end of the tilling main body and at the rear side of the tilling teeth, so as to prevent the soil from splashing backwards during tilling and affecting the use of the staff.

Further, a reinforced telescopic rod is provided between the L-shaped connecting frame and the bottom end of the inner wall of the tiller main body, and the installation firmness of the tiller teeth can be increased by strengthening the telescopic rod.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) In the present invention, the ash generated during the curing process of flue-cured tobacco is prepared into a composite modifier through optimization and modification, which is used for the improvement of acid tobacco field soil and realizes the sustainable utilization of acid tobacco field. Material fuel, while ensuring the combustion effect, the burning ash is used for soil acidity improvement, which can neutralize soil acidity, supplement soil available mineral components, reduce heavy metal residues, and achieve sustainable development of flue-cured tobacco production in acidic soils;

(2) The present invention can fully improve the soil surface layer and deep soil layer by adding the compound modifier to the soil layer by layer, which can not only increase the pH value of the acid tobacco field soil, but also weaken the acidity of the acid tobacco field soil. It can be used for a long time, which is helpful for the rapid recovery of soil fertility. At the same time, by testing the water content before spraying the compound conditioner, it can avoid the loss of organic matter, available phosphorus and other nutrients in the soil and the compound conditioner due to excessive soil moisture. Reduce soil improvement effect;

(3) The present invention can suppress the evaporation of soil moisture and the loss of the composite modifier by laying the mulch on the upper end of the soil, thereby reducing the soil improvement effect, and the branch laying is to reduce the difficulty of laying the mulch as a whole, and at the same time, when laying the mulch , Each plough layer is laid separately to prevent the compound modifier from infiltrating between each plough layer. Under the action of gravity, excessive accumulation in the bottom soil is difficult to degrade, and the content of the composite modifier in the upper soil is insufficient to reduce the improvement effect.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the external structure schematic diagram of the tillage device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the internal structure schematic diagram of the tillage device of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the improvement of soil pH by the biomass fuel ash of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the improvement of soil-exchangeable acid by barn biomass fuel ash of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the improvement of soil exchangeability K ⁺ by the biomass fuel ash of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the improvement of soil-exchangeable Ca ²⁺ by the biomass fuel ash of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the improvement of soil-exchangeable Mg ²⁺ by the barn biomass fuel ash of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the soil pH variation curve diagram obtained after the improvement of Anhui red soil by the preparation modifier of biomass baking house ash, biomass charcoal and alkali residue according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is the graph obtained after the preparation modifier of biomass baking house ash, biomass charcoal and alkali residue according to the embodiment of the present invention carries out the improvement treatment to Nanjing yellow soil;

Fig. 10 is the graph obtained after the improvement of Hubei yellow brown soil by the preparation modifier of biomass baking house ash, biomass charcoal and alkali residue according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 11 is a bar graph of soil acid buffer capacity obtained after Hubei yellow brown soil is improved by the preparation modifier of biomass baking house ash, biomass charcoal and alkali residue according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Among them, 1- plowing main body, 10- roller, 11- push rod, 14- fender, 2- depth adjustment assembly, 20- adjustment frame, 21- cross frame, 210- strut, 211- slider, 22 -Screw rod, 220-rotating handle, 3-tilling assembly, 30-tilling tooth, 300-L-shaped connecting frame, 31-tilling tooth, 32-strengthening telescopic rod.

Detailed ways

Example 1

A method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using biomass fuel ash from a baking house, comprising the following steps: comprising the following steps:

S1: Preparation of composite modifier

S11: Grinding and classifying the ash after baking in the oven, sieving through 100 meshes to select fine ash as the raw material, and continuing to grind the remaining ash until it meets the requirements for use;

S12: Fully mix 60 parts of fine ash, 20 parts of biochar, 70 parts of tobacco straw decomposed fertilizer, 3 parts of microbial inoculum and 22 parts of animal feces selected in step S11, and ferment at 55°C for 18 days; the biochar passes through the tobacco It is prepared by pyrolysis, grinding and sieving of straw, wherein the particle size of biochar is 80 μm; flue-cured tobacco will produce a large amount of ash during the curing process, which can be used for acid soil improvement to realize the sustainable development of acid tobacco fields Utilization; the microbial inoculum in the step S12 is a mixed inoculum prepared by mixing Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus megaterium according to a weight ratio of 1:3 to improve fermentation efficiency;

S13: placing the fermented product in step S12 into a granulator for granulation to obtain a composite modifier;

S2: parameter detection

The soil is sampled in layers at a depth of 15cm for each layer, and is divided into surface layer and subsurface layer from top to bottom, and the rest is the bottom layer. The soil pH value is sampled and tested, and the amount of compound modifier added is determined according to the test value. The application standard of the modifier is: pH is between 4.5-5.5, the application rate is 500kg/mu, pH is 4.0-4.5, and the application rate is 1000kg/mu; when the pH of the subsurface soil is > 5.5, only the Apply compound modifier to the surface soil, when the subsurface soil pH is less than 5.5, apply the composite modifier to both the surface and subsurface layers during ploughing;

S3: The soil is tilled layer by layer

When the composite modifier is only applied to the surface soil, the composite modifier in step S1 is evenly sprayed into the surface soil according to the required addition amount, and is ploughed and mixed evenly;

When the composite modifier is applied to both the surface layer and the subsurface layer, the tobacco field soil to be improved is deeply ploughed to 15 cm from the ground using the tillage device, and the composite modifier in step S1 is evenly sprayed into the subsurface soil according to the required addition amount. , detect the moisture content of the subsurface soil, when the moisture content is lower than 35%, continue to spray the compound modifier evenly into the subsurface layer, and plough and mix evenly, then, lay the soil in the subsurface soil until the plough layer and the ground Flush to form the surface layer, and finally spray the compound modifier into the surface soil, and plough it evenly;

S4: Lamination of film

Divide the tobacco field soil treated in step S3 into multiple rows parallel to each other, then level the land between the rows, and lay mulch on the soil surface of each row. The amendment is lost, thereby reducing the soil improvement effect, and the branch laying is to reduce the difficulty of laying the film as a whole;

The gap between the two adjacent rows of mulch is 30cm. By setting an appropriate gap between the two adjacent rows of mulch, it is convenient for the laying of the mulch, and the unpaved soil can be minimized, reducing the amount of soil as much as possible. Evaporation of water and loss of compound modifier;

In step S4, when the tobacco field soil is covered with film, the composite modifier is prevented from infiltrating between the ploughing layers. Under the action of gravity, the soil at the bottom layer accumulates excessively, which is difficult to degrade, and the content of the composite modifier in the upper soil is insufficient to reduce the improvement effect. ;

When spraying the compound modifier in step S3, the application rate of 1000 kg/mu is used to avoid secondary pollution of soil caused by excessive addition, or insufficient addition to affect the improvement effect.

Example 2

This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that:

In step S3, before spraying the composite modifier on each plough layer, the water content of the tobacco field soil in each plough layer is first tested. %, and then spray the compound conditioner to avoid the loss of organic matter, available phosphorus and other nutrients in the soil and the compound conditioner due to excessive soil moisture, and reduce the soil improvement effect.

Example 3

This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 2, except that:

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the tilling device includes a tilling main body 1 with a roller 10 at the bottom end and a push rod 11 on the side wall, a depth adjusting component 2 arranged in the tilling main body 1 , and a tilling main body 1 . The ploughing assembly 3 at the bottom end and connected to the depth adjustment assembly 2, the depth adjustment assembly 2 includes two adjustment frames 20 arranged inside the ploughing body 1 and placed horizontally from top to bottom, and arranged between the two adjustment frames 20 And through the cross frame 21 hinged in the middle of the two support rods 210, the screw rod 22 horizontally arranged in the adjustment frame 20, the screw rod 22 at the lower end is provided with a rotating handle 220, and the upper end of one support rod 210 passes through the slider 211. Connected with the screw rod 22 at the upper end and hinged with the inner wall of the tillage body 1 at the lower end, the upper end of the other support rod 210 is connected with the screw rod 22 at the lower end through the slider 211 and the upper end is hinged with the inner wall of the tillage body 1; tillage assembly 3 It includes the tilling teeth 30 connected with the adjusting frame 20 at the upper end through the L-shaped connecting frame 300, and the motor 31 for driving the tilling teeth 30 to rotate. The tilling main body 1 is provided with a holding box 12 for holding the compound modifier, The bottom end of the ploughing body 1 is provided with a spray port 13 that is connected to the holding box 12 through a connecting pipe. When the soil of the tobacco field needs to be ploughed, the staff pushes the push rod 11 to move the ploughing body 1, and starts the motor 31 to drive The ploughing teeth 30 are used for soil ploughing. When it is necessary to adjust the ploughing depth, the rotary handle 220 can be shaken clockwise or counterclockwise, so that the sliders 211 corresponding to the two struts 210 move on the screw rod 22 at the same time, so that the two The support rods 210 move toward or away from each other, thereby driving the ploughing teeth 30 to move up and down to complete the ploughing of soils of different depths;

A fender 14 is provided at the bottom end of the ploughing main body 1 and behind the ploughing teeth 30 to prevent the soil from splashing backwards during ploughing and affecting the use of the staff;

A reinforced telescopic rod 32 is provided between the L-shaped connecting frame 300 and the bottom end of the inner wall of the tilling main body 1 , and the installation firmness of the tilling teeth 30 can be increased by strengthening the telescopic rod 32 .

Test example

The amendments were prepared by using the biomass baking house ash, biomass charcoal, and alkali residues of the embodiment of the present invention, respectively, to carry out acid improvement for three different test soils, and a control group was set for each test soil improvement process. , the soil pH change curve and the histogram of soil acid buffer capacity are obtained, as follows:

1. Using the biomass baking house ash, biomass charcoal, and alkali residues of the embodiment of the present invention to prepare modifiers to improve the Anhui red soil, and obtain a soil pH change curve as shown in Figure 8;

2. The Nanjing yellow soil was improved by using the biomass baking house ash, biomass charcoal, and alkali residue preparation modifier of the embodiment of the present invention, and the graph was obtained as shown in Figure 9;

3. Using the biomass baking house ash, biomass charcoal, and alkali residues of the embodiment of the present invention to prepare modifiers to improve Hubei yellow brown soil, and the graph obtained is as shown in Figure 10:

It can be seen that among the three types of soils, the biomass baking house ash in the embodiment of the present invention has the most significant effect of improving soil pH, and the improvement effect is better. After the slag, the soil pH showed a slow upward trend, indicating that the biomass baking house ash in the embodiment of the present invention contained alkaline substances with slow release. In the embodiment of the present invention, the soil pH decreased by the biomass baking ash residue treatment, which is also related to its slow release of alkaline substances.

4. Hubei yellow brown soil was improved by using the biomass baking house ash, biomass charcoal, and alkali residue prepared by the embodiment of the present invention, and the bar graph of soil acid buffer capacity was obtained as shown in Figure 11;

Soil acid buffer capacity represents soil acidification resistance. The larger the acid buffer capacity, the stronger the soil acidification resistance, and the longer the improvement effect of the modifier lasts. It can be seen from the above bar graph that the biomass baking room ash in the embodiment of the present invention can significantly improve the soil acid buffer capacity, indicating that the improvement effect of the biomass baking room ash in the embodiment of the present invention is more long-lasting, and the calcite content in the ash is longer. high. The biomass baking room ash in the embodiment of the present invention not only contains a strong alkaline substance Ca(OH) ₂ , but also contains weak alkaline substances such as calcite, which can play an acid buffering effect and make the biomass baking room ash play a long-term role. Effectively improve acid soil.

5, utilize the biomass baking house ash of the embodiment of the present invention to carry out acid improvement to the test soil, and the concrete process is as follows:

(1) Test soil

The test soils were red clay collected from Langxi, Anhui, yellow soil from Nanjing, Jiangsu, and yellow-brown soil from Enshi, Hubei, all of which were surface soils of 0-15 cm. Culture experiment, passed through a 60-mesh sieve for the determination of basic soil properties, the pH of red clay is 4.22, the content of organic matter is 1.63%, the content of CEC is 10.98cmol ₍₊₎ /kg, the pH of yellow soil is 4.37, and the content of organic matter is 2.82 %, the CEC content is 18.37cmol ₍₊₎ /kg, the pH of the yellow brown soil is 4.67, the organic matter content is 3.21%, and the CEC content is 14.96cmol ₍₊₎ /kg;

(2) Cultivation experimental method

The ash from the baking room was ground through a 0.25mm sieve, and the pH and EC values were measured. The ash was ground through a 100-mesh sieve as the raw material for the preparation of the composite modifier, and then the mineral composition of the flue-cured ash was determined. The specific measurement results are shown in Table 1:

Table 1: Composition of baked ash residue

The soil culture experiments were set as the control, 3g/kg and 6g/kg of compound modifiers prepared from the ash from the baking room. Each treatment was set up with three replicates. After thorough mixing, they were put into plastic cups, and the soil water content was determined with deionized water. Adjusted to 70% of the field water capacity, the plastic cup was sealed with plastic cling film, and there were small holes in the middle of the plastic film to prevent excessive water loss and facilitate gas exchange. Supplement water for three days to ensure a constant water content of the soil. During the cultivation process, fresh soil samples were taken on the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st, 35th, 49th and 63rd days, and the soil-water ratio was adjusted to be 1:2.5 to measure the pH. The samples were air-dried and ground finely through a 0.25mm sieve to determine soil exchangeable acids and exchangeable base cations.

(3) Measurement method

The pH and conductivity (EC) of the composite modifier were measured by Orion720 pH meter and EC215 conductivity meter respectively in a suspension system with a solid-water ratio of 1:5, and the acid neutralization capacity was determined by an automatic titrator with 0.2mol/L HNO ₃ . 60ml suspension containing 0.5g was dropped to pH 5.0, and the acid consumption was the acid neutralization capacity (ANC). The mineral composition of biomass char, alkali residue and biomass ash was determined by X-ray diffractometer (XRD). .

The soil samples were mixed with deionized water at a soil-water ratio of 1:2.5, and after shaking for 30 minutes, the soil pH was measured with an Orion 720 pH meter and a composite pH electrode. NH ₄ OAc solution was used to extract soil exchangeable base, flame photometer (Sherwood M410, Sherwood Scientific Ltd, Cambridge, UK) to determine K ⁺ , Na ⁺ content, atomic absorption spectroscopy (novAA350, Analytik Jena AG, Jena, Germany) to determine Ca ²⁺ and Mg ²⁺ content, the measurement results are shown in Figure 3-7;

It can be seen from the above measurement results that the method of Example 1-3 is used to improve the acid tobacco field soil, the pH value of the soil is increased, the exchangeable acid content is significantly reduced, and the soil exchangeable K ⁺ , Ca ²⁺ , Mg ²⁺ content It can be seen that the method of using the biomass ash of the baking house to improve the acid tobacco field soil in the present embodiment 1-3 can not only improve the pH value of the acid tobacco field soil, but also weaken the acidity of the acid tobacco field soil, and the persistence is longer. , supplement the soil available mineral components, reduce heavy metal residues, and realize the sustainable process of flue-cured tobacco production in acidic soil.

Claims (10)

1. a method utilizing the ash residue of biomass fuel in a baking house to improve acid tobacco field soil, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: S1: Preparation of composite modifier S11: Grinding and classifying the ash after baking in the oven, sieving through 100 meshes to select fine ash as the raw material, and continuing to grind the remaining ash until it meets the requirements for use; S12: Fully mix 55-65 parts of fine ash, 15-25 parts of biochar, 60-80 parts of tobacco straw decomposed fertilizer, 2-4 parts of microbial inoculum and 20-25 parts of animal feces selected in step S11, 45-65℃ fermentation treatment for 15-20d; S13: placing the fermented product in step S12 into a granulator for granulation to obtain a composite modifier; S2: parameter detection The soil is sampled in layers at a depth of 10-15cm for each layer, and is divided into surface layer and sub-surface layer from top to bottom, and the rest is the bottom layer, and the soil pH value is sampled and tested, and the amount of compound modifier added is determined according to the test value. , the application standard of compound modifier is: pH is between 4.5-5.5, application rate is 500kg/mu, pH is 4.0-4.5, application rate is 1000kg/mu; when subsurface soil pH> 5.5, when ploughing Only apply the compound modifier to the surface soil. When the pH of the subsurface soil is less than 5.5, apply the compound modifier to both the surface layer and the subsurface layer during ploughing; S3: The soil is tilled layer by layer When the composite modifier is only applied to the surface soil, the composite modifier in step S1 is evenly sprayed into the surface soil according to the required addition amount, and is ploughed and mixed evenly; When the composite modifier is applied to both the surface layer and the subsurface layer, the tobacco field soil to be improved is deeply tilled to a distance of 10-15 cm from the ground by using the tillage device, and the composite modifier in step S1 is evenly sprayed to the subsurface layer according to the required addition amount. In the soil, check the moisture content of the sub-surface soil. When the moisture content is lower than 35%, continue to spray the compound modifier evenly into the sub-surface layer, and plough and mix evenly. Then, lay the soil in the sub-surface layer until the plough layer It is flush with the ground to form a surface layer, and finally, the compound modifier is sprayed into the surface soil, and the ploughing is done evenly; S4: Lamination of film Divide the tobacco field soil treated in step S3 into multiple parallel rows, then level the land between the rows, and lay mulch on the soil surface of each row. 2. A method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using biomass fuel ash from a barn according to claim 1, wherein the biochar is prepared by pyrolysis, grinding and sieving of tobacco straw, Among them, the particle size of biochar is 50-100 μm. 3 . A method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using biomass fuel ash in a baking room according to claim 1 , wherein in the step S11 , the ash after baking in the baking room is ground and subdivided. 4 . Selected through a 20-100 mesh sieve to obtain fine ash. 4. a kind of method that utilizes the biomass fuel ash of barn to improve acid tobacco field soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the microbial inoculum in described step S12 is by Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus megaterium according to The mixed bacterial agent prepared by mixing the weight ratio of 1:3. 5 . A method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using biomass fuel ash from a baking house according to claim 1 , wherein in the step S3, before the composite modifier is sprayed on each plough layer, the The water content of the tobacco field soil in each plough layer is tested. If the moisture content is greater than 35%, it is first dried and loosened until the moisture content is lower than 35%, and then the compound modifier is sprayed. 6. A method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using biomass fuel ash from a baking house according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the step S4, the gap between two adjacent rows of mulching films is 5 -10cm. 7. A method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using biomass fuel ash from a baking house according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the step S4, when laying mulch on the tobacco field soil, each plough layer is homogeneous. Lay alone. 8. a kind of method that utilizes the biomass fuel ash of barn to improve acid tobacco field soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, when spraying compound modifier in described S3, according to the application amount of 500-1000kg/mu . 9 . The method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using biomass fuel ash from a barn according to claim 1 , wherein the tillage device comprises a roller (10) provided at the bottom end and a side wall provided with a roller (10) . A ploughing body (1) of the push rod (11), a depth adjusting assembly (2) arranged in the ploughing body (1), located at the bottom end of the ploughing body (1) and connected to the depth adjusting assembly (2) The ploughing assembly (3), the depth adjustment assembly (2) comprises two adjustment frames (20) arranged inside the ploughing main body (1) and placed horizontally from top to bottom; A cross frame (21) hinged between (20) and through the middle of the two struts (210), a screw rod (22) horizontally arranged in the adjustment frame (20), and a screw rod (22) at the lower end is provided with There is a rotating handle (220), wherein the upper end of one of the struts (210) is connected with the screw rod (22) at the upper end through the slider (211), and the lower end is hinged with the inner wall of the tiller body (1), and the other strut ( 210) The upper end is connected with the screw rod (22) at the lower end through the slider (211), and the upper end is hinged with the inner wall of the tilling main body (1); The ploughing teeth (30) connected to the adjustment frame (20) at the upper end, the motor (31) for driving the ploughing teeth (30) to rotate, and the ploughing main body (1) is provided with a container for containing the compound modifier. A box (12), the bottom end of the tillage body (1) is provided with a spray port (13) connected to the holding box (12) through a connecting pipe. 10. A method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using biomass fuel ash from a barn according to claim 1, characterized in that, the bottom end of the ploughing body (1) is located at the ploughing teeth (30). ) is provided with a mudguard (14) on the rear side.

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