CN114386273B - Rotor wing surface large water drop collection rate calculation method considering secondary impact and terminal - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a terminal for calculating the collection rate of large water drops on the surface of a rotor wing by considering secondary impact, which belong to the technical field of numerical simulation, and the method comprises the following steps: calculating the secondary large water drop collection rate beta 'of the rotor surface under the condition that large water drops secondarily strike the rotor' temp The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to the second large water drop collection rate beta' temp Combining the large water drop collection rate beta of the rotor surface under the condition of no large water drop splashing temp Mass loss rate f of rotor surface water drop under large water drop splashing condition m The final large water droplet collection rate β of the rotor surface is calculated. According to the invention, in the calculation of the large water drop collection rate on the rotor surface, the final large water drop collection rate change caused by secondary impact of the splashing supercooled large water drop on the rotor surface is considered, so that more accurate calculation of the final large water drop collection rate is realized, the numerical simulation of rotor icing is closer to physical reality, the numerical simulation precision of rotor icing is improved, and the flight safety of an aircraft is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of numerical simulation, in particular to a method and a terminal for calculating the collection rate of large water drops on the surface of a rotor wing by considering secondary impact.
Background
The helicopter is widely applied to the aspects of military operations, civil rescue and the like, and with the wider expansion of the application fields of the helicopter, the helicopter is required to have all-weather flying capability, so that the probability of the helicopter encountering the dangerous situation of rotor wing icing is increased. The rotor is frozen and can change the rotor appearance, increase rotor weight, reduce rotor rotational speed, lead to the rotor lift to descend, and the icing that drops on the rotor simultaneously probably causes striking harm to organism, weapon system, electronic equipment etc. increases flight uncertainty. Therefore, the development of rotor icing research is of great importance to improve flight safety and flight efficiency.
The helicopter has wider flying height range, and icing weather conditions such as freezing rain, freezing hair rain and the like often occur, and the particle size of water drops in the air is larger at the moment and is called supercooled large water drops (Supercooled Large Droplet, SLD, average particle size is larger than 50 mu m). Compared with small water drops, supercooled large water drops widely exist in cloud mist, have poor aerodynamic following performance and strong dynamics, cause more complex icing process, cause more serious harm, and increase the difficulty of SLD icing numerical prediction and experimental evaluation.
The large water drop collection rate is a key intermediate quantity of icing calculation, the accurate calculation of the large water drop collection rate directly influences the result of icing prediction and aerodynamic influence, and the accurate rotor wing large water drop collection rate calculation method can improve the accuracy of icing numerical simulation. The rotor wing icing is different from fixed wing icing, given power is needed in the test, so that the test is limited too much and is more difficult, and numerical simulation becomes a primary means for predicting the collection rate of large water drops on the surface of the rotor wing. In the rotor flow field, the centrifugal force influences that the big water droplet will appear rotatory flow characteristic of washing down, and big water droplet hits in the paddle leading edge of quick rotation, and the splash can take place in most moments, leads to the reduction of paddle water droplet collection volume. At present, the research on the splash characteristics of the large water drops on the rotor surface is less, and the treatment mode of the large water drop collecting rate is not clear, so that the research on the calculation method of the large water drop collecting rate on the rotor surface is necessary to be further developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the collection rate of large water drops on the surface of a rotor wing cannot be accurately calculated in the prior art, and provides a calculation method and a terminal of the collection rate of large water drops on the surface of the rotor wing, which consider secondary collision.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the method for calculating the collection rate of the large water drops on the surface of the rotor wing by considering secondary collision specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating the secondary large water drop collection rate beta 'of the rotor surface under the condition that large water drops secondarily strike the rotor' temp ;
According to the second large water drop collection rate beta' temp Combining the large water drop collection rate beta of the rotor surface under the condition of no large water drop splashing temp Mass loss rate f of rotor surface water drop under large water drop splashing condition m The final large water droplet collection rate β of the rotor surface is calculated.
In one example, the calculation of the secondary large water droplet collection rate β 'of the rotor surface under the condition of secondary large water droplet impingement on the rotor' temp Comprises the following substeps:
calculating total quantity beta of secondary large water drop collection rate of rotor surface under condition of secondary large water drop striking rotor imp ;
Calculating the ratio lambda of the total collection amount of the secondary water drops to the total collection rate of the primary large water drops;
according to the proportion lambda, the collection rate beta of large water drops temp Calculating the collection rate beta 'of the secondary large water drops' temp 。
In one example, the total amount beta of the secondary large water drop collection rate imp The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein (x, y, z) represents the grid points of the calculated profile surface of the rotor; ω represents the set of grid points of the calculated profile surface of the rotor.
In an example, the calculation formula of the ratio λ is:
wherein (x, y, z) represents the grid points of the rotor calculated profile surface;indicating that the rotor surface impacts the water drop with an efficiency of 1, which is summed together; />A set of grid points representing the calculated profile surface of the rotor being secondarily impacted by large water droplets.
In one example, the secondary large water droplet collection rate β' temp The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
β′ temp (x,y,z)=λ·β temp (x,y,z)
where (x, y, z) represents the grid points of the calculated profile surface of the rotor.
In an example, the final large water droplet collection rate β is calculated as:
β(x,y,z)=β temp (x,y,z)-f m (x,y,z)·β temp (x,y,z)+λ·β temp (x,y,z)=(1-f m (x,y,z)+λ)·β temp (x,y,z)
wherein (x, y, z) represents the grid points of the calculated profile surface of the rotor; λ represents the ratio of the total amount of secondary water droplet collection to the total amount of primary large water droplet collection rate.
In an example, the method further comprises the steps of:
calculating the large water drop collection rate beta of the rotor surface under the condition that splashing does not occur temp ;
Calculating mass loss rate f of water drops on rotor surface under splashing condition m 。
In one example, the calculation calculates a large water droplet collection rate beta for the rotor surface without splash conditions temp Comprises the following substeps:
generating a grid Ω of rotor calculation profile Γ;
calculating air flow field information of grid omega;
calculating water drop flow field information according to the air flow field information;
calculating the large water drop collection rate beta according to grid omega and water drop flow field information temp 。
In one example, the calculating calculates a mass loss rate f of rotor surface water droplets under splash conditions m Comprises the following substeps:
calculating an impact parameter K of water drops impacting the surface of the rotor wing;
on the basis of considering the minimum mass loss rate, calculating the mass loss rate f according to the impact parameter K and the water drop flow field information m 。
It should be further noted that the technical features corresponding to the examples above may be combined with each other or replaced to form a new technical solution.
The invention also includes a storage medium having stored thereon computer instructions that, when executed, perform the steps of the secondary impact considered rotor surface large water droplet collection rate calculation method formed by any one or more of the example compositions described above.
The invention also includes a terminal comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored thereon computer instructions executable on the processor, the processor executing the steps of the secondary impact considered rotor surface water droplet collection rate calculation method formed by any one or more of the example compositions when the computer instructions are executed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, in the calculation of the large water drop collection rate on the rotor surface, the final large water drop collection rate change caused by secondary impact of the splashing supercooled large water drop on the rotor surface is considered, so that more accurate calculation of the final large water drop collection rate is realized, the numerical simulation of rotor icing is closer to physical reality, the numerical simulation precision of rotor icing is improved, and the flight safety of an aircraft is ensured.
Drawings
The following detailed description of the present invention is further detailed in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are provided to provide a further understanding of the present application, and in which like reference numerals are used to designate like or similar parts throughout the several views, and in which the illustrative examples and descriptions thereof are used to explain the present application and are not meant to be unduly limiting.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method in an example of the invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method of a preferred example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully understood from the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that directions or positional relationships indicated as being "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are directions or positional relationships described based on the drawings are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements to be referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In addition, the technical features of the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
The method aims at solving the problems that the prior art does not consider the large water drop collection rate change caused by secondary impact of large water drops on the rotor surface, so that the calculation accuracy of the final large water drop collection rate on the rotor surface is low, the icing numerical simulation accuracy of the rotor is low, and accurate theoretical support cannot be provided for the safe flight of an aircraft.
In an example, a method for calculating a collection rate of large water drops on a rotor surface considering secondary collision, as shown in fig. 1, specifically includes the following steps:
s1: calculating the secondary large water drop collection rate beta 'of the rotor surface under the condition that large water drops secondarily strike the rotor' temp The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The large water drop collecting rate, namely a large water drop local collecting coefficient, represents the ratio of the water quantity actually collected by a certain local area of an object plane, namely the rotor surface of the application, to the maximum value of the water quantity possibly collected by the rotor surface, and represents the water drop impact range of the rotor surface and the water quantity distribution in the impact area, so that the large water drop collecting rate is the most important water drop impact characteristic parameter. In the present application, the large water droplets (water droplets) are specifically supercooled large water droplets SLD, and the particle diameter is larger than 50 μm. Further, the large water drop secondary impact rotor wing specifically comprises: after the water drops impact the rotor surface and splash, the water drops of the upper airfoil surface of the rotor blade enter the rotating flow field and collide with the rotor blade again, so that the secondary water drop collection phenomenon occurs on the rotor blade, and the secondary large water drop collection rate can influence the final large water drop collection rate beta of the rotor surface.
S2: according to the second large water drop collection rate beta' temp Combining the large water drop collection rate beta of the rotor surface under the condition of no large water drop splashing temp Mass loss rate f of rotor surface water drop under large water drop splashing condition m The final large water droplet collection rate β of the rotor surface is calculated. Wherein the mass loss represents the mass loss caused by splashing of supercooled large water droplets, and correspondingly the mass loss rate represents the ratio of the loss amount of water droplets on the rotor surface to the collection amount under the splashing condition.
In the calculation of the large water drop collection rate of the rotor surface, the final large water drop collection rate change caused by secondary impact of splashed large water drops on the rotor surface is considered, so that more accurate calculation of the final large water drop collection rate is realized, the numerical simulation of rotor icing is closer to physical reality, the numerical simulation precision of rotor icing is improved, and the flight safety of an aircraft is ensured.
In one example, a secondary large water droplet collection rate β 'of the rotor surface under the condition of a large water droplet secondarily striking the rotor is calculated' temp Comprises the following substeps:
s11: calculating total quantity beta of secondary large water drop collection rate of rotor surface under condition of secondary large water drop striking rotor imp ;
S12: calculating the ratio lambda of the total collection amount of the secondary water drops to the total collection rate of the primary large water drops;
s13: according to the proportion lambda, the collection rate beta of large water drops temp Calculating the collection rate beta 'of the secondary large water drops' temp 。
In one example, the total amount of the second largest water droplet collection rate beta imp The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
where (x, y, z) represents the grid points of the calculated profile Γ surface of the rotor; ω represents the set of grid points of the calculated profile Γ surface of the rotor.
In one example, the formula for the ratio λ is:
wherein,,a set of grid points representing the calculated profile Γ of the rotor where the surface is secondarily impacted by a large water droplet.
In one example, the second largest water droplet collection rate β' temp The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
β′ temp (x,y,z)=λ·β temp (x,y,z)
the water droplet collection efficiency was considered to be comparable to the collection efficiency at the first impact.
In one example, the final large water droplet collection rate β is calculated as:
β(x,y,z)=β temp (x,y,z)-f m (x,y,z)·β temp (x,y,z)+λ·β temp (x,y,z)=(1-f m (x,y,z)+λ)·β temp (x,y,z)
the final large water droplet collection rate beta and the large water droplet collection rate beta are set in this example temp Mass loss rate f m Secondary large water drop collection rate beta' temp The correlation is made, that is, the final large water drop collection rate β is the large water drop collection rate without taking the splashing condition into consideration minus the large water drop collection rate that splashes out of the rotor surface plus the secondary large water drop collection rate.
In an example, the method further comprises the steps of:
s01: calculating the large water drop collection rate beta of the rotor surface under the condition that splashing does not occur temp The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein, the absence of splash indicates that the supercooled large water droplets do not splash after striking the rotor surface, and the large water droplet collection rate is 100% of the numerical value calculated.
S02: calculating mass loss rate f of water drops on rotor surface under splashing condition m . Wherein, splash, the splash that takes place after the water droplet striking rotor, and then lead to certain water droplet quality loss.
In one example, a large water droplet collection rate β of the rotor surface is calculated without splash temp Comprises the following substeps:
s011: generating a grid Ω of rotor calculation profile Γ; wherein, rotor calculates appearance Γ that is the vector model of rotor, and net Ω is this basic calculation constitution unit that contains vector model, calculation domain. Specifically, grid Ω generation specifically includes: the grid generating software is adopted, and the calculation appearance gamma is taken as input, so that the calculation topology and the grid omega are generated. The mesh generation software includes GRIDGEN, POINTWISE, GRIDSTAR and the like, and the GRIDSTAR mesh generation software employed in the present embodiment generates a mesh Ω of the calculation profile Γ.
S012: calculating air flow field information of grid omega; specifically, air flow field calculation software or a program is adopted, grid omega for calculating the appearance Γ is taken as input, information such as an air flow field calculation method, boundary conditions, calculation conditions and the like is set, and air flow field information P corresponding to the grid is obtained through calculation.
S013: calculating water drop flow field information according to the air flow field information; specifically, water drop flow field calculation software or a program is adopted, an air flow field p is used as input, information such as a water drop flow field calculation method, boundary conditions, calculation conditions and the like is set, wherein the surface of the calculation appearance Γ is set as a wall surface suction boundary condition, and finally water drop flow field information corresponding to grid Ω is obtained through calculation and is recorded as W; more specifically, the water droplet flow field information includes water droplet average particle size, water droplet density, normal velocity at the water droplet airfoil, water droplet surface tension coefficient, water droplet dynamic viscosity, water droplet incidence frequency, water droplet velocity, incoming water droplet velocity, far field water droplet velocity, etc. of the calculated profile Γ.
S014: calculating the large water drop collection rate beta according to grid omega and water drop flow field information temp . Specifically, the large water droplet collection rate β temp The water drop volume fraction alpha and velocity v at the profile Γ surface grid points (x, y, z), and the far-field incoming flow volume fraction alpha, can be calculated ∞ And pitch velocity v ∞ The specific calculation formula is obtained by calculation:
where n is the normal to the surface of the profile Γ.
In one example, a mass loss rate f of rotor surface water droplets under splash conditions is calculated m Comprises the following substeps:
s021: calculating an impact parameter K of water drops impacting the surface of the rotor wing; specifically, given the splash criterion, the calculation formula of the impact parameter K is:
wherein ρ represents the water drop density; d represents the average particle diameter of water droplets; v represents the normal velocity at the water droplet airfoil; sigma represents the surface tension coefficient of the water drop; μ represents the dynamic viscosity of the water droplet; θ represents the angle between the water droplet and the collision surface; Λ represents the incidence frequency of water drops, Λ=1.5α ∞ 13 。
S021: on the basis of considering the minimum mass loss rate, calculating the mass loss rate f according to the impact parameter K and the water drop flow field information m . In this example, the preferred minimum mass loss rate is 0.2, and the mass loss rate calculation formula is:
f m (x,y,z)=max{0.7(1-sinθ)[1-e -0.0092(K(x,y,z)-200) ],0.2}
further, the minimum mass loss rate may be a constant, or may be a function of the incoming flow conditions such as the average particle diameter, the incidence angle, the impact velocity, and the like, and there are:
a=a 1 ·(d-a 2 ) 2 +a 3
wherein a represents a minimum mass loss rate; a, a 1 ,a 2 ,a 3 Coefficients representing positive real numbers; d represents the average particle diameter of the water droplets. As a preference, a 1 =9.92×10 -6 ;a 2 =50;a 3 =0.12。
Combining the above examples, as shown in fig. 2, results in a preferred example of the present invention, specifically including the following steps:
s1': calculating the large water drop collection rate beta of the rotor surface under the condition that splashing does not occur temp ;
S2': calculating mass loss rate f of water drops on rotor surface under splashing condition m ;
S3': calculating the secondary large water drop collection rate beta 'of the rotor surface under the condition that large water drops secondarily strike the rotor' temp ;
S4': according to the second large water drop collection rate beta' temp Combining the large water drop collection rate beta of the rotor surface under the condition of no large water drop splashing temp Under the condition of splashing of large water dropsMass loss rate f of rotor surface water droplets m The final large water droplet collection rate β of the rotor surface is calculated.
The invention provides a rotor wing surface water drop collection rate calculation method considering secondary impact under a large water drop splashing condition. After solving the rotor wing air flow field and the water drop flow field, acquiring water drop impact and collection information of the blade surface, and then calculating the water drop mass loss rate caused by splashing based on a splashing judgment criterion, and further providing a secondary impact and collection calculation method of splashing water drops, and finally acquiring a large water drop collection rate result of the rotor wing surface. Through introducing the idea of secondary striking to make the calculation process of rotor big water droplet collection rate more press close to physical reality, the calculation result is more accurate.
The present embodiment provides a storage medium, which has the same inventive concept as the rotor surface large water drop collection rate calculation method taking secondary impact into account formed by combining any one or more of the above examples, and has stored thereon computer instructions that, when executed, perform the steps of the rotor surface large water drop collection rate calculation method taking secondary impact into account formed by combining any one or more of the above examples.
Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present embodiment may be essentially or a part contributing to the prior art or a part of the technical solution may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, including several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes.
The present embodiment also provides a terminal, which has the same inventive concept as the method for calculating the collection rate of the large water drops on the rotor surface, which is formed by combining any one or more examples and considers the secondary collision, and includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores computer instructions capable of being executed on the processor, and the processor executes the steps of the method for calculating the collection rate of the large water drops on the rotor surface, which is formed by combining any one or more examples and considers the secondary collision, when the processor executes the computer instructions. The processor may be a single or multi-core central processing unit or a specific integrated circuit, or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the invention.
The functional units in the embodiments provided in the present invention may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit.
The foregoing detailed description of the invention is provided for illustration, and it is not to be construed that the detailed description of the invention is limited to only those illustration, but that several simple deductions and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and are to be considered as falling within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The method for calculating the collection rate of large water drops on the surface of the rotor wing by considering secondary collision is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
calculating the secondary large water drop collection rate beta 'of the rotor surface under the condition that large water drops secondarily strike the rotor' temp The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The large water drops are supercooled large water drops SLD, and the particle size is larger than 50 mu m;
according to the second large water drop collection rate beta' temp Combining the large water drop collection rate beta of the rotor surface under the condition of no large water drop splashing temp Mass loss rate f of rotor surface water drop under large water drop splashing condition m Calculating the final large water drop collection rate beta of the rotor surface;
the large water drop collection rate is the large water drop local collection coefficient, and represents the ratio of the water quantity actually collected by a certain local area of an object plane, namely the rotor surface of the application, to the maximum value of the water quantity possibly collected by the rotor surface, wherein the ratio represents the impact range of water drops on the rotor surface and the distribution of the water quantity in the impact area;
under the condition of calculating the secondary impact of large water drops on the rotor wingSecondary large water droplet collection rate beta 'of rotor surface' temp Comprises the following substeps:
calculating total quantity beta of secondary large water drop collection rate of rotor surface under condition of secondary large water drop striking rotor imp ;
Calculating the ratio lambda of the total collection amount of the secondary water drops to the total collection rate of the primary large water drops;
according to the proportion lambda, the collection rate beta of large water drops temp Calculating the collection rate beta 'of the secondary large water drops' temp ;
The total amount beta of the collection rate of the secondary large water drops imp The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein (x, y, z) represents the grid points of the calculated profile surface of the rotor; ω represents the set of grid points of the calculated profile surface of the rotor;
the calculation formula of the proportion lambda is as follows:
wherein (x, y, z) represents the grid points of the rotor calculated profile surface;indicating that the rotor surface impacts the water drop with an efficiency of 1, which is summed together; />A set of grid points representing the calculated profile surface of the rotor being secondarily impacted by large water droplets;
the secondary large water drop collecting rate beta' temp The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
β′ temp (x,y,z)=λ·β temp (x,y,z)
wherein (x, y, z) represents the grid points of the calculated profile surface of the rotor;
the calculation formula of the final large water drop collection rate beta is as follows:
β(x,y,z)=β temp (x,y,z)-f m (x,y,z)·β temp (x,y,z)+λ·β temp (x,y,z)
=(1-f m (x,y,z)+λ)·β temp (x,y,z)
wherein (x, y, z) represents the grid points of the calculated profile surface of the rotor; λ represents the ratio of the total amount of secondary water droplet collection to the total amount of primary large water droplet collection rate.
2. The method for calculating the collection rate of large water drops on the surface of the rotor considering secondary collision according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method further comprises the steps of:
calculating the large water drop collection rate beta of the rotor surface under the condition that large water drop splashing does not occur temp ;
Calculating mass loss rate f of water drops on rotor surface under splashing condition m 。
3. The method for calculating the collection rate of large water drops on the surface of the rotor considering secondary collision according to claim 2, wherein: the calculation of the large water drop collection rate beta of the rotor surface under the condition that no splashing occurs temp Comprises the following substeps:
generating a grid Ω of rotor calculation profile Γ;
calculating air flow field information of grid omega;
calculating water drop flow field information according to the air flow field information;
calculating the large water drop collection rate beta according to grid omega and water drop flow field information temp 。
4. A method for calculating a collection rate of large water droplets on a rotor surface in consideration of secondary collision according to claim 3, characterized in that: the mass loss rate f of the water drops on the rotor surface under the splashing condition is calculated m Comprises the following substeps:
calculating an impact parameter K of water drops impacting the surface of the rotor wing;
consider the most importantOn the basis of small mass loss rate, calculating mass loss rate f according to impact parameter K and water drop flow field information m 。
5. A terminal comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored thereon computer instructions executable on the processor, characterized by: the processor, when executing the computer instructions, performs the steps of the rotor surface large water droplet collection rate calculation method taking secondary impacts into account of any one of claims 1-4.
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