CN114383879A - Test method of second order differential loop in flight simulator identification test guidance system - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于飞行模拟机鉴定测试技术领域,尤其涉及一种二阶微分环路在飞行模拟机鉴定测试指南系统的测试方法,步骤1、飞行员对飞行模拟机进行操控动作及动态调节操控动作,实现飞行员在QTG系统回路中操控的仿真系统;步骤2、将飞行模拟机中飞行员操控动作和动态调节操控动作的过程抽象为二阶微分环路;步骤3、调整各二阶微分回路的参数,使二阶微分环路适合相对应的飞行模拟机;步骤4、二阶微分环路在QTG系统测试,验证数据作为输入控制各系统状态,根据各系统状态再利用二阶微分环路动态调节各系统。本发明根据二阶微分环路在QTG系统测试,实现QTG系统中飞行模拟机各系统的测试,为飞行模拟机提供了D级标准的测试和验证能力。
The invention belongs to the technical field of flight simulator identification and testing, and in particular relates to a test method for a second-order differential loop in a flight simulator identification test guide system. The simulation system controlled by the pilot in the QTG system loop; step 2, abstract the process of the pilot's manipulation action and dynamic adjustment manipulation action in the flight simulator into a second-order differential loop; step 3, adjust the parameters of each second-order differential loop to make The second-order differential loop is suitable for the corresponding flight simulator; in step 4, the second-order differential loop is tested in the QTG system, and the verification data is used as the input to control the state of each system, and the second-order differential loop is used to dynamically adjust each system according to the state of each system. . According to the second-order differential loop test in the QTG system, the invention realizes the test of each system of the flight simulator in the QTG system, and provides the test and verification capability of the D-level standard for the flight simulator.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于飞行模拟机鉴定测试技术领域,尤其涉及一种二阶微分环路在飞行模拟机鉴定测试指南系统的测试方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of flight simulator identification and testing, in particular to a test method for a second-order differential loop in a flight simulator identification test guide system.
背景技术Background technique
目前,国内对全动飞行模拟机鉴定测试指南(QTG,Qualification Test Guide)系统进行研究与开发,为飞行模拟机D级标准的测试和验证能力提供了发展空间。但是全动飞行模拟机鉴定测试指南系统中对试飞/验证数据的使用和实现过程没有系统描述和实现方法,飞行模拟机研发制造人员需要自主设计研发,以实现飞行模拟机的鉴定测试。而且现有的QTG系统和研究中大多只对试飞/验证数据的处理和转换过程进行了简单描述,对于如何利用验证数据和试飞数据实现验证,保证飞行模拟机实时、动态的响应试飞/验证数据,并没有提出处理过程和实现方法。At present, the domestic research and development of the Qualification Test Guide (QTG) system for full-motion flight simulators provides development space for the testing and verification capabilities of the D-level standards for flight simulators. However, there is no systematic description and implementation method for the use and realization process of test flight/verification data in the full-motion flight simulator qualification test guide system. The flight simulator R&D and manufacturing personnel need to design and develop independently to realize the flight simulator qualification test. Moreover, most of the existing QTG systems and researches only briefly describe the processing and conversion process of test flight/verification data, and how to use the verification data and test flight data to realize the verification to ensure that the flight simulator responds to the test flight/verification data in real time and dynamically , and did not propose the processing procedure and implementation method.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的主要目的在于解决现有技术中存在的问题,提供一种二阶微分环路在飞行模拟机鉴定测试指南系统的测试方法,该方法将验证数据作为输入控制飞行模拟机各系统状态,根据飞行模拟机各系统状态再利用二阶微分环路动态调节飞行模拟机各系统,使飞行模拟机实时、动态响应验证数据,实现QTG系统中飞行模拟机各系统的测试。The main purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a test method for a second-order differential loop in a flight simulator identification and test guide system. According to the state of each system of the flight simulator, the second-order differential loop is used to dynamically adjust each system of the flight simulator, so that the flight simulator can respond to the verification data in real time and dynamically, and realize the test of each system of the flight simulator in the QTG system.
本发明所解决的技术问题采用以下技术方案来实现:二阶微分环路在飞行模拟机鉴定测试指南系统的测试方法,步骤1、飞行员通过飞行模拟机中操纵系统进行操控动作,所述飞行模拟机的飞行动力学模型响应操控动作,并通过操纵负荷系统、仪表系统、视景系统、运动系统、声音系统输出飞行模拟机各系统状态,飞行员根据飞行模拟机各系统状态动态调节操控动作,实现飞行员在QTG系统回路中操控的仿真系统;The technical problem solved by the present invention is realized by the following technical solutions: a test method for a second-order differential loop to identify a test guide system in a flight simulator; The flight dynamics model of the aircraft responds to the manipulation actions, and outputs the system states of the flight simulator by manipulating the load system, instrument system, visual system, motion system, and sound system. The pilot dynamically adjusts the manipulation actions according to the states of the flight simulator systems to achieve A simulation system that pilots operate in the QTG system loop;
步骤2、将飞行模拟机中飞行员操控动作和动态调节操控动作的过程抽象为二阶微分环路,根据二阶微分环路对QTG系统调试时,所述二阶微分环路的输入数据采用QTG系统中验证数据,所述验证数据发送到一号二阶微分回路、二号二阶微分回路、三号二阶微分回路、四号二阶微分回路、五号二阶微分回路、六号二阶微分回路的过程,模拟飞行员通过飞行模拟机中操纵系统进行操控动作;所述验证数据发送到二阶微分负反馈回路的过程,模拟飞行员根据飞行模拟机各系统状态动态调节操控动作;Step 2. The process of pilot manipulation and dynamic adjustment manipulation in the flight simulator is abstracted into a second-order differential loop. When debugging the QTG system according to the second-order differential loop, the input data of the second-order differential loop adopts QTG The verification data in the system is sent to the second-order differential circuit No. 1, the second-order differential circuit No. 2, the second-order differential circuit No. 3, the second-order differential circuit No. 4, the second-order differential circuit No. The process of the differential loop simulates the pilot's control action through the control system in the flight simulator; the process of sending the verification data to the second-order differential negative feedback loop simulates the pilot's dynamic adjustment of the control action according to the state of each system of the flight simulator;
步骤3、所述QTG系统调试时,调整一号二阶微分回路、二号二阶微分回路、三号二阶微分回路、四号二阶微分回路、五号二阶微分回路、六号二阶微分回路的参数,使二阶微分环路适合相对应的飞行模拟机;Step 3. When debugging the QTG system, adjust No. 1 second-order differential loop, No. 2 second-order differential loop, No. 3 second-order differential loop, No. 4 second-order differential loop, No. 5 second-order differential loop, No. 6 second-order differential loop The parameters of the differential loop make the second-order differential loop suitable for the corresponding flight simulator;
步骤4、根据二阶微分环路在QTG系统测试,所述二阶微分环路的输入数据采用QTG系统中验证数据,将验证数据发送到一号二阶微分回路、二号二阶微分回路、三号二阶微分回路、四号二阶微分回路、五号二阶微分回路、六号二阶微分回路后成为操控数据,且操控数据输入至操纵负荷系统、仪表系统、视景系统、运动系统、声音系统,所述飞行模拟机各系统分别响应操控数据并输出各系统状态;根据飞行模拟机各系统状态,将验证数据发送到二阶微分负反馈回路后成为动态操控数据,且动态操控数据输入至飞行模拟机各系统,所述飞行模拟机各系统分别响应动态操控数据并动态调节各系统,实现二阶微分环路在QTG系统中测试飞行模拟机各系统。Step 4, test in the QTG system according to the second-order differential loop, the input data of the second-order differential loop adopts the verification data in the QTG system, and send the verification data to the No. 1 second-order differential loop, the No. 2 second-order differential loop, The second-order differential loop No. 3, the second-order differential loop No. 4, the second-order differential loop No. 5, and the second-order differential loop No. 6 become control data, and the control data is input to the control load system, instrument system, visual system, and motion system. , sound system, each system of the flight simulator responds to the control data and outputs the state of each system; according to the state of each system of the flight simulator, the verification data is sent to the second-order differential negative feedback loop and becomes the dynamic control data, and the dynamic control data Input to each system of the flight simulator, each system of the flight simulator responds to the dynamic control data and adjusts each system dynamically, and realizes the second-order differential loop to test each system of the flight simulator in the QTG system.
进一步,步骤2中,将飞行模拟机中飞行员操控动作和动态调节操控动作的过程抽象为二阶微分环路,进一步包括,Further, in step 2, the process of pilot manipulation action and dynamic adjustment manipulation action in the flight simulator is abstracted into a second-order differential loop, which further includes,
由于飞行模拟机中电机输出电压及电流值在闭环调节后具有滞后性,使得电机转速在单位时间内变化大,引入PID控制中微分部分作为超前调节量来保证电机负荷变化时转速稳定性,则将飞行模拟机中飞行员操控动作和动态调节操控动作的过程抽象为二阶微分环路。Since the output voltage and current value of the motor in the flight simulator have hysteresis after closed-loop adjustment, the motor speed changes greatly in unit time, and the differential part in the PID control is introduced as the lead adjustment variable to ensure the speed stability when the motor load changes, then The process of pilot manipulation and dynamic adjustment manipulation in the flight simulator is abstracted into a second-order differential loop.
进一步,所述QTG系统中验证数据包括操纵量和输出量,所述操纵量包括驾驶杆前后移动位置、方向盘盘旋角度、脚蹬位置、襟缝翼位置、起落架位置;所述输出量包括高度、速度、俯仰角、俯仰角速度、俯仰角加速度、偏航角、扰流板角度、升降舵角度、襟缝翼角度、起落架、时间信息。Further, the verification data in the QTG system includes a manipulation amount and an output amount, and the manipulation amount includes the forward and backward movement position of the steering wheel, the steering wheel rotation angle, the pedal position, the flaps and slat positions, and the landing gear position; the output amount includes the height , Speed, Pitch Angle, Pitch Angle Velocity, Pitch Angle Acceleration, Yaw Angle, Spoiler Angle, Elevator Angle, Slat Angle, Landing Gear, Time Information.
进一步,步骤4中,根据二阶微分环路对QTG系统测试,所述二阶微分环路的输入数据采用QTG系统中验证数据,进一步包括,Further, in step 4, the QTG system is tested according to the second-order differential loop, and the input data of the second-order differential loop adopts the verification data in the QTG system, further comprising,
根据二阶微分环路对QTG系统测试,所述二阶微分环路的输入数据采用QTG系统中验证数据且验证数据为转换后标准格式数据。The QTG system is tested according to the second-order differential loop, and the input data of the second-order differential loop adopts the verification data in the QTG system and the verification data is the converted standard format data.
进一步,步骤3、所述QTG系统调试时,调整一号二阶微分回路、二号二阶微分回路、三号二阶微分回路、四号二阶微分回路、五号二阶微分回路、六号二阶微分回路的参数,使二阶微分环路适合相对应的飞行模拟机,进一步包括,Further, in step 3, when debugging the QTG system, adjust No. 1 second-order differential loop, No. 2 second-order differential loop, No. 3 second-order differential loop, No. 4 second-order differential loop, No. 5 second-order differential loop, No. 6 The parameters of the second-order differential loop to make the second-order differential loop fit the corresponding flight simulator, further comprising,
所述QTG系统调试时,由于不同种类飞行模拟机的系统、硬件设备、软件响应存在差异性,调整一号二阶微分回路、二号二阶微分回路、三号二阶微分回路、四号二阶微分回路、五号二阶微分回路、六号二阶微分回路的参数,使二阶微分环路适合相对应的飞行模拟机。During the debugging of the QTG system, due to the differences in the systems, hardware equipment and software responses of different types of flight simulators, adjust the No. 1 second-order differential loop, No. 2 second-order differential loop, No. 3 second-order differential loop, No. The parameters of the first-order differential loop, No. 5 second-order differential loop, and No. 6 second-order differential loop make the second-order differential loop suitable for the corresponding flight simulator.
进一步,步骤4中,所述飞行模拟机各系统分别响应动态操控数据并动态调节各系统,实现二阶微分环路在QTG系统中测试飞行模拟机各系统,进一步包括,Further, in step 4, each system of the flight simulator responds to the dynamic control data and adjusts each system dynamically, so as to realize the second-order differential loop to test each system of the flight simulator in the QTG system, further comprising,
所述飞行模拟机各系统分别响应动态操控数据并动态调节各系统,还将二阶微分环路的输入数据和飞行模拟机系统响应变化进行绘图显示QTG系统测试结果,实现二阶微分环路在QTG系统中测试飞行模拟机各系统。Each system of the flight simulator responds to the dynamic control data and adjusts each system dynamically, and also plots the input data of the second-order differential loop and the response changes of the flight simulator system to display the test results of the QTG system, so that the second-order differential loop is Test flight simulator systems in the QTG system.
本发明的有益效果为:The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明根据二阶微分环路对QTG系统测试,二阶微分环路的输入数据采用QTG系统中验证数据,将验证数据发送到一号二阶微分回路、二号二阶微分回路、三号二阶微分回路、四号二阶微分回路、五号二阶微分回路、六号二阶微分回路后成为操控数据,且操控数据输入至操纵负荷系统、仪表系统、视景系统、运动系统、声音系统,飞行模拟机各系统分别响应操控数据并输出各系统状态;根据飞行模拟机各系统状态,将验证数据发送到二阶微分负反馈回路后成为动态操控数据,且动态操控数据输入至飞行模拟机各系统,飞行模拟机各系统分别响应动态操控数据并动态调节各系统。可见,本发明将验证数据作为输入控制飞行模拟机各系统状态,根据飞行模拟机各系统状态再利用二阶微分环路动态调节飞行模拟机各系统,使飞行模拟机实时、动态响应验证数据,找到了验证数据与飞行员操纵输入量的对应关系,提供了动态调试各系统状态的方法,实现QTG系统中飞行模拟机各系统的测试,为飞行模拟机提供了D级标准的测试和验证能力。The present invention tests the QTG system according to the second-order differential loop, the input data of the second-order differential loop adopts the verification data in the QTG system, and sends the verification data to the No. 1 second-order differential loop, the No. 2 second-order differential loop, and the No. The first-order differential loop, No. 4 second-order differential loop, No. 5 second-order differential loop, and No. 6 second-order differential loop become control data, and the control data is input to the control load system, instrument system, visual system, motion system, and sound system. , each system of the flight simulator responds to the control data and outputs the state of each system; according to the state of each system of the flight simulator, the verification data is sent to the second-order differential negative feedback loop to become the dynamic control data, and the dynamic control data is input to the flight simulator Each system, each system of the flight simulator responds to the dynamic control data and adjusts each system dynamically. It can be seen that the present invention uses the verification data as input to control the states of each system of the flight simulator, and then uses the second-order differential loop to dynamically adjust each system of the flight simulator according to the system states of the flight simulator, so that the flight simulator can respond to the verification data in real time and dynamically. The corresponding relationship between the verification data and the pilot's manipulation input is found, and the method of dynamically debugging the states of each system is provided, and the test of each system of the flight simulator in the QTG system is realized, and the test and verification capability of the D-level standard is provided for the flight simulator.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明二阶微分环路在飞行模拟机鉴定测试指南系统的测试方法的流程图。FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the test method of the second-order differential loop in the flight simulator qualification test guide system of the present invention.
图2为本发明的飞行员在QTG系统回路中操控的仿真系统的框图。FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a simulation system operated by a pilot in the QTG system loop of the present invention.
图3为本发明的二阶微分环路的框图。3 is a block diagram of a second order differential loop of the present invention.
图4为本发明的应用验证数据进行QTG系统调试的二阶微分环路结构图。FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of a second-order differential loop for debugging the QTG system using the verification data of the present invention.
图5(a)-图5(f)为本发明的二阶微分回路中输入数据和系统响应变化对比图。Figures 5(a)-5(f) are comparison diagrams of input data and system response changes in the second-order differential loop of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. The indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a specific orientation or a specific orientation. construction and operation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed to indicate or imply relative importance.
在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection Connection, or integral connection; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be internal communication between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations.
如图1至图4所示,本发明提供的二阶微分环路在飞行模拟机鉴定测试指南系统的测试方法,步骤1、飞行员通过飞行模拟机中操纵系统进行操控动作,飞行模拟机的飞行动力学模型响应操控动作,并通过操纵负荷系统、仪表系统、视景系统、运动系统、声音系统输出飞行模拟机各系统状态,飞行员根据飞行模拟机各系统状态动态调节操控动作,实现飞行员在QTG系统回路中操控的仿真系统。As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the present invention provides a test method for a second-order differential loop in a flight simulator identification test guide system. Step 1. The pilot performs a control action through the control system in the flight simulator, and the flight simulator The dynamic model responds to the manipulation action, and outputs the system status of the flight simulator by manipulating the load system, instrument system, visual system, motion system, and sound system. The pilot dynamically adjusts the manipulation action according to the status of each system of the flight simulator, so as to realize the pilot's performance in the QTG A simulated system that operates in a system loop.
其中,根据工程应用领域内连续系统仿真的分类,飞行模拟设备属于人在回路中仿真,即飞行员在系统回路中进行操纵的仿真系统。该系统必须实时运行,对动态特性、静态特性和时间延时的置信度和精度有严格的技术指标要求。Among them, according to the classification of continuous system simulation in the field of engineering application, the flight simulation equipment belongs to the simulation of human in the loop, that is, the simulation system in which the pilot operates in the system loop. The system must run in real time, and has strict technical index requirements for the confidence and accuracy of dynamic characteristics, static characteristics and time delay.
步骤2、将飞行模拟机中飞行员操控动作和动态调节操控动作的过程抽象为二阶微分环路,根据二阶微分环路对QTG系统调试时,二阶微分环路的输入数据采用QTG系统中验证数据,验证数据发送到一号二阶微分回路、二号二阶微分回路、三号二阶微分回路、四号二阶微分回路、五号二阶微分回路、六号二阶微分回路的过程,模拟飞行员通过飞行模拟机中操纵系统进行操控动作;验证数据发送到二阶微分负反馈回路的过程,模拟飞行员根据飞行模拟机各系统状态动态调节操控动作;Step 2. The process of pilot manipulation and dynamic adjustment manipulation in the flight simulator is abstracted into a second-order differential loop. When debugging the QTG system according to the second-order differential loop, the input data of the second-order differential loop is adopted in the QTG system. Verifying data, verifying the process of sending data to No. 1 second-order differential loop, No. 2 second-order differential loop, No. 3 second-order differential loop, No. 4 second-order differential loop, No. 5 second-order differential loop, and No. 6 second-order differential loop , simulating the pilot's control action through the control system in the flight simulator; the process of sending the verification data to the second-order differential negative feedback loop, simulating the pilot's dynamic adjustment of the control action according to the state of each system of the flight simulator;
步骤3、QTG系统调试时,调整一号二阶微分回路、二号二阶微分回路、三号二阶微分回路、四号二阶微分回路、五号二阶微分回路、六号二阶微分回路的参数,使二阶微分环路适合相对应的飞行模拟机;Step 3. When debugging the QTG system, adjust No. 1 second-order differential loop, No. 2 second-order differential loop, No. 3 second-order differential loop, No. 4 second-order differential loop, No. 5 second-order differential loop, No. 6 second-order differential loop , so that the second-order differential loop is suitable for the corresponding flight simulator;
步骤4、根据二阶微分环路在QTG系统测试,二阶微分环路的输入数据采用QTG系统中验证数据,将验证数据发送到一号二阶微分回路、二号二阶微分回路、三号二阶微分回路、四号二阶微分回路、五号二阶微分回路、六号二阶微分回路后成为操控数据,且操控数据输入至操纵负荷系统、仪表系统、视景系统、运动系统、声音系统,飞行模拟机各系统分别响应操控数据并输出各系统状态;根据飞行模拟机各系统状态,将验证数据发送到二阶微分负反馈回路后成为动态操控数据,且动态操控数据输入至飞行模拟机各系统,飞行模拟机各系统分别响应动态操控数据并动态调节各系统,实现二阶微分环路在QTG系统中测试飞行模拟机各系统。Step 4. Test in the QTG system according to the second-order differential loop. The input data of the second-order differential loop adopts the verification data in the QTG system, and send the verification data to the No. 1 second-order differential loop, No. 2 second-order differential loop, and No. 3 The second-order differential loop, No. 4 second-order differential loop, No. 5 second-order differential loop, and No. 6 second-order differential loop become control data, and the control data is input to the control load system, instrument system, visual system, motion system, sound system, each system of the flight simulator responds to the control data and outputs the state of each system; according to the state of each system of the flight simulator, the verification data is sent to the second-order differential negative feedback loop to become the dynamic control data, and the dynamic control data is input to the flight simulation Each system of the flight simulator and each system of the flight simulator respond to the dynamic control data and adjust each system dynamically, realizing the second-order differential loop to test each system of the flight simulator in the QTG system.
进一步,步骤2中,将飞行模拟机中飞行员操控动作和动态调节操控动作的过程抽象为二阶微分环路,进一步包括,Further, in step 2, the process of pilot manipulation action and dynamic adjustment manipulation action in the flight simulator is abstracted into a second-order differential loop, which further includes,
由于飞行模拟机中电机输出电压及电流值在闭环调节后具有滞后性,使得电机转速在单位时间内变化大,引入PID控制中微分部分作为超前调节量来保证电机负荷变化时转速稳定性,则将飞行模拟机中飞行员操控动作和动态调节操控动作的过程抽象为二阶微分环路。Since the output voltage and current value of the motor in the flight simulator have hysteresis after closed-loop adjustment, the motor speed changes greatly in unit time, and the differential part in the PID control is introduced as the lead adjustment variable to ensure the speed stability when the motor load changes, then The process of pilot manipulation and dynamic adjustment manipulation in the flight simulator is abstracted into a second-order differential loop.
其中,飞行模拟系统中,某些转速在单位时间内变化大,如俯仰角、转动惯量大。因为电机是偏感性负载,其输出的电压、电流在闭环调节后具有滞后性。为满足飞行模拟器的实时性、操纵面和控制面的位置精度等要求,引入超前调节量来满足当电机负荷变化时转速的稳定性。因此引入PID(Proportional(比例)、Integral(积分)、Differential(微分))控制中的微分部分,起到超前调节的作用。Among them, in the flight simulation system, some rotational speeds change greatly in unit time, such as the pitch angle and the moment of inertia. Because the motor is a partial inductive load, its output voltage and current have hysteresis after closed-loop regulation. In order to meet the requirements of the real-time performance of the flight simulator and the positional accuracy of the control surface and the control surface, the lead adjustment amount is introduced to meet the stability of the rotational speed when the motor load changes. Therefore, the differential part in the PID (Proportional (proportional), Integral (integral), Differential (differential)) control is introduced to play the role of advanced adjustment.
进一步,QTG系统中验证数据包括操纵量和输出量,操纵量包括驾驶杆前后移动位置、方向盘盘旋角度、脚蹬位置、襟缝翼位置、起落架位置;输出量包括高度、速度、俯仰角、俯仰角速度、俯仰角加速度、偏航角、扰流板角度、升降舵角度、襟缝翼角度、起落架、时间信息。Further, the verification data in the QTG system includes the manipulation quantity and the output quantity. The manipulation quantity includes the forward and backward movement position of the joystick, the steering wheel rotation angle, the pedal position, the flaps and slat positions, and the landing gear position; the output quantity includes the altitude, speed, pitch angle, Pitch velocity, pitch acceleration, yaw angle, spoiler angle, elevator angle, flap and slat angle, landing gear, time information.
进一步,步骤4中,根据二阶微分环路对QTG系统测试,二阶微分环路的输入数据采用QTG系统中验证数据,进一步包括,Further, in step 4, the QTG system is tested according to the second-order differential loop, and the input data of the second-order differential loop adopts the verification data in the QTG system, further comprising,
根据二阶微分环路对QTG系统测试,二阶微分环路的输入数据采用QTG系统中验证数据且验证数据为转换后标准格式数据。The QTG system is tested according to the second-order differential loop. The input data of the second-order differential loop adopts the verification data in the QTG system and the verification data is the converted standard format data.
进一步,步骤3、QTG系统调试时,调整一号二阶微分回路、二号二阶微分回路、三号二阶微分回路、四号二阶微分回路、五号二阶微分回路、六号二阶微分回路的参数,使二阶微分环路适合相对应的飞行模拟机,进一步包括,Further, in step 3, when debugging the QTG system, adjust the No. 1 second-order differential loop, No. 2 second-order differential loop, No. 3 second-order differential loop, No. 4 second-order differential loop, No. The parameters of the differential loop to make the second-order differential loop fit the corresponding flight simulator, further including,
QTG系统调试时,由于不同种类飞行模拟机的系统、硬件设备、软件响应存在差异性,调整一号二阶微分回路、二号二阶微分回路、三号二阶微分回路、四号二阶微分回路、五号二阶微分回路、六号二阶微分回路的参数,使二阶微分环路适合相对应的飞行模拟机。During the debugging of the QTG system, due to the differences in the systems, hardware equipment and software responses of different types of flight simulators, adjust the No. 1 second-order differential loop, No. 2 second-order differential loop, No. 3 second-order differential loop, and No. The parameters of the loop, No. 5 second-order differential loop, and No. 6 second-order differential loop make the second-order differential loop suitable for the corresponding flight simulator.
其中,各飞行模拟机由于系统、硬件设备、软件响应等差异,飞行模拟机的固有频率和响应特性各不相同。因此,在QTG调试过程中调整各二阶微分回路的参数,以达到适应各飞行模拟机,即实现二阶微分环路在全动飞行模拟机鉴定测试系统中应用的通用化方法。Among them, each flight simulator has different natural frequencies and response characteristics due to differences in systems, hardware equipment, and software responses. Therefore, in the QTG debugging process, the parameters of each second-order differential loop are adjusted to adapt to each flight simulator, that is, a generalized method for the application of the second-order differential loop in the full-motion flight simulator qualification test system.
进一步,步骤4中,飞行模拟机各系统分别响应动态操控数据并动态调节各系统,实现二阶微分环路在QTG系统中测试飞行模拟机各系统,进一步包括,Further, in step 4, each system of the flight simulator responds to the dynamic control data and adjusts each system dynamically, so as to realize the second-order differential loop to test each system of the flight simulator in the QTG system, further comprising,
飞行模拟机各系统分别响应动态操控数据并动态调节各系统,还将二阶微分环路的输入数据和飞行模拟机系统响应变化进行绘图显示QTG系统测试结果,实现二阶微分环路在QTG系统中测试飞行模拟机各系统。Each system of the flight simulator responds to the dynamic control data and adjusts each system dynamically, and also plots the input data of the second-order differential loop and the response changes of the flight simulator system to display the test results of the QTG system, and realizes the second-order differential loop in the QTG system. Test flight simulator systems.
实施例Example
如图1-图4所示,根据二阶微分环路在QTG系统测试过程如下:As shown in Figure 1-4, the test process in the QTG system according to the second-order differential loop is as follows:
步骤1、飞行员通过飞行模拟机中操纵系统进行操控动作,飞行模拟机的飞行动力学模型响应操控动作,并通过操纵负荷系统、仪表系统、视景系统、运动系统、声音系统输出飞行模拟机各系统状态,飞行员根据飞行模拟机各系统状态动态调节操控动作,如图2所示实现飞行员在QTG系统回路中操控的仿真系统。Step 1. The pilot performs the control action through the control system in the flight simulator. The flight dynamics model of the flight simulator responds to the control action, and outputs the various functions of the flight simulator by manipulating the load system, instrument system, visual system, motion system, and sound system. System state, the pilot dynamically adjusts the control action according to the system state of the flight simulator, as shown in Figure 2, to realize the simulation system that the pilot controls in the QTG system loop.
步骤2、将飞行模拟机中飞行员操控动作和动态调节操控动作的过程抽象为二阶微分环路,根据二阶微分环路对QTG系统调试时,二阶微分环路的输入数据采用QTG系统中验证数据,验证数据发送到一号二阶微分回路、二号二阶微分回路、三号二阶微分回路、四号二阶微分回路、五号二阶微分回路、六号二阶微分回路的过程,模拟飞行员通过飞行模拟机中操纵系统进行操控动作;验证数据发送到二阶微分负反馈回路的过程,模拟飞行员根据飞行模拟机各系统状态动态调节操控动作。Step 2. The process of pilot manipulation and dynamic adjustment manipulation in the flight simulator is abstracted into a second-order differential loop. When debugging the QTG system according to the second-order differential loop, the input data of the second-order differential loop is adopted in the QTG system. Verifying data, verifying the process of sending data to No. 1 second-order differential loop, No. 2 second-order differential loop, No. 3 second-order differential loop, No. 4 second-order differential loop, No. 5 second-order differential loop, and No. 6 second-order differential loop , simulating the pilot's control action through the control system in the flight simulator; the process of sending the verification data to the second-order differential negative feedback loop, simulating the pilot's dynamic adjustment of the control action according to the state of each system of the flight simulator.
如图3所示,一号二阶微分回路、二号二阶微分回路、三号二阶微分回路、四号二阶微分回路、五号二阶微分回路、六号二阶微分回路、二阶微分负反馈回路的输入可以从QTG系统中验证数据获取,经过环路控制后作用在飞行模拟机上,以此实现二阶微分环路控制过程。As shown in Figure 3, No. 1 second-order differential loop, No. 2 second-order differential loop, No. 3 second-order differential loop, No. 4 second-order differential loop, No. 5 second-order differential loop, No. The input of the differential negative feedback loop can be obtained from the verification data of the QTG system, and then acted on the flight simulator after loop control, so as to realize the second-order differential loop control process.
步骤3、QTG系统调试时,调整一号二阶微分回路、二号二阶微分回路、三号二阶微分回路、四号二阶微分回路、五号二阶微分回路、六号二阶微分回路的参数,使二阶微分环路适合相对应的飞行模拟机。Step 3. When debugging the QTG system, adjust No. 1 second-order differential loop, No. 2 second-order differential loop, No. 3 second-order differential loop, No. 4 second-order differential loop, No. 5 second-order differential loop, No. 6 second-order differential loop The parameters of the second order differential loop are suitable for the corresponding flight simulator.
下面以俯仰角为例对图4所示QTG调试过程进行描述(可通过俯仰角调节),通过数据转换软件,提取标准格式的验证数据,验证数据中包括:时间、驾驶杆、俯仰角、俯仰角变化率、俯仰角变化加速度等。The following takes the pitch angle as an example to describe the QTG debugging process shown in Figure 4 (which can be adjusted by the pitch angle). Through the data conversion software, the verification data in the standard format is extracted. The verification data includes: time, joystick, pitch angle, pitch Angular change rate, pitch angle change acceleration, etc.
作用在飞行模拟设备上的输入为:The input acting on the flight simulator is:
u1(t)=a*x(t)+b*h(t)+c*g(t)+d*k(t)u 1 (t)=a*x(t)+b*h(t)+c*g(t)+d*k(t)
=a*x(t)+b*h(t)+c*k1*h'(t)+d*k2*h"(t)=a*x(t)+b*h(t)+c*k1*h'(t)+d*k2*h"(t)
其中,u1(t)为作用在控制面1上的合成控制量1;x(t)为验证数据(驾驶杆的输入);h(t)为飞机模拟设备控制面角度,即俯仰角;g(t)为控制面变化率,即俯仰角变化率;k(t)为控制面变化加速度,即俯仰角变化加速度。a、b、c、d为QTG调试过程中二阶微分回路中各个输入量的调节系数。h(t)、g(t)和k(t)间关系如下:g(t)=h'(t),k(t)=g'(t)=h"(t)。Among them, u 1 (t) is the synthetic control variable 1 acting on the control surface 1; x(t) is the verification data (input of the joystick); h(t) is the control surface angle of the aircraft simulation equipment, that is, the pitch angle; g(t) is the rate of change of the control surface, that is, the rate of change of the pitch angle; k(t) is the acceleration of the change of the control surface, that is, the rate of change of the pitch angle. a, b, c, d are the adjustment coefficients of each input quantity in the second-order differential loop in the QTG debugging process. The relationship among h(t), g(t) and k(t) is as follows: g(t)=h'(t), k(t)=g'(t)=h"(t).
如图5(a)-5(f)所示,以俯仰角为例说明动态调整二阶微分回路中输入量的系数和系统响应变化,输入量为驾驶杆位移,输出量为俯仰角,一阶调节量为俯仰角变化率,二阶调整量为俯仰角加速度。调整该二阶微分回路参数至(此处仅为应用例,具体数值根据系统调节):参数a为1,参数b为0.0001,一阶微分系数c*k1为0.02,二阶微分系数d*k2为0.00005。此时,驾驶杆位移变化为图5(a)所示,实线表示驾驶杆位移变化,虚线表示系统响应变化;俯仰角变化为图5(c)所示,实线表示俯仰角变化,虚线表示系统响应变化;俯仰角变化率为图5(e)所示,实线表示俯仰角变化率变化,虚线表示系统响应变化。As shown in Figure 5(a)-5(f), the pitch angle is taken as an example to illustrate the dynamic adjustment of the input coefficient and system response change in the second-order differential loop. The input is the displacement of the joystick, and the output is the pitch angle. The first-order adjustment amount is the pitch angle change rate, and the second-order adjustment amount is the pitch angle acceleration. Adjust the parameters of the second-order differential loop to (here is only an application example, the specific value is adjusted according to the system): parameter a is 1, parameter b is 0.0001, first-order differential coefficient c*k1 is 0.02, second-order differential coefficient d*k2 is 0.00005. At this time, the change of the steering stick displacement is shown in Figure 5(a), the solid line represents the change of the steering stick displacement, and the dashed line represents the change of the system response; the change of the pitch angle is shown in Figure 5(c), the solid line represents the change of the pitch angle, and the dashed line represents the system response change; the pitch angle change rate is shown in Figure 5(e), the solid line represents the pitch angle change rate change, and the dashed line represents the system response change.
为突出调整二阶环路参数的影响,调整该二阶微分回路参数至:参数a为1,参数b为0.0001,一阶微分系数c*k1为0.022,二阶微分系数d*k2为0.0005,调整后,系统收敛和响应特性相较前一情况变化,此时驾驶杆位移变化为图5(b)所示,实线表示驾驶杆位移变化,虚线(虚线中实线段表示受影响段曲线)表示系统响应变化;俯仰角变化为图5(d)所示,实线表示俯仰角变化,虚线(虚线中实线段表示受影响段曲线)表示系统响应变化;俯仰角变化率为图5(f)所示,实线表示俯仰角变化率变化,虚线(虚线中实线段表示受影响段曲线)表示系统响应变化。In order to highlight the influence of adjusting the parameters of the second-order loop, adjust the parameters of the second-order differential loop to: the parameter a is 1, the parameter b is 0.0001, the first-order differential coefficient c*k1 is 0.022, and the second-order differential coefficient d*k2 is 0.0005, After adjustment, the system convergence and response characteristics change compared with the previous situation. At this time, the change of the steering rod displacement is shown in Figure 5(b). The solid line represents the change of the steering rod displacement, and the dashed line (the solid line in the dashed line represents the curve of the affected segment) represents the change of the system response; the change of the pitch angle is shown in Figure 5(d), the solid line represents the change of the pitch angle, and the dashed line (the solid line in the dashed line represents the curve of the affected segment) represents the change of the system response; the rate of change of the pitch angle is shown in Figure 5(f). ), the solid line represents the change in the rate of change of the pitch angle, and the dashed line (the solid line in the dashed line represents the curve of the affected segment) represents the system response change.
由图5(a)和图5(b)显示的驾驶杆位移参数调节前后两种不同响应曲线特性,图5(c)和图5(d)显示的俯仰角参数调节前后两种不同响应曲线特性,图5(e)和图5(f)中显示的俯仰角变化率参数调节前后两种不同响应曲线特性,可以反映出二阶微分环路参数给QTG测试带来的影响,也即反映出飞行员动态调节操控动作对飞机系统的影响。Figure 5(a) and Figure 5(b) show the characteristics of two different response curves before and after the adjustment of the steering stick displacement parameters, and Figure 5(c) and Figure 5(d) show the two different response curves before and after the adjustment of the pitch angle parameters Figure 5(e) and Figure 5(f) show the two different response curve characteristics before and after the adjustment of the pitch angle change rate parameter, which can reflect the influence of the second-order differential loop parameters on the QTG test, that is, reflect The impact of pilots' dynamic adjustment and control actions on aircraft systems is analyzed.
步骤4、根据二阶微分环路在QTG系统测试,二阶微分环路的输入数据采用QTG系统中验证数据,将验证数据发送到一号二阶微分回路、二号二阶微分回路、三号二阶微分回路、四号二阶微分回路、五号二阶微分回路、六号二阶微分回路后成为操控数据,且操控数据输入至操纵负荷系统、仪表系统、视景系统、运动系统、声音系统,飞行模拟机各系统分别响应操控数据并输出各系统状态;根据飞行模拟机各系统状态,将验证数据发送到二阶微分负反馈回路后成为动态操控数据,且动态操控数据输入至飞行模拟机各系统,飞行模拟机各系统分别响应动态操控数据并动态调节各系统,还将二阶微分环路的输入数据和飞行模拟机系统响应变化进行绘图显示QTG系统测试结果,实现二阶微分环路在QTG系统中测试飞行模拟机各系统。Step 4. Test in the QTG system according to the second-order differential loop. The input data of the second-order differential loop adopts the verification data in the QTG system, and send the verification data to the No. 1 second-order differential loop, No. 2 second-order differential loop, and No. 3 The second-order differential loop, No. 4 second-order differential loop, No. 5 second-order differential loop, and No. 6 second-order differential loop become control data, and the control data is input to the control load system, instrument system, visual system, motion system, sound system, each system of the flight simulator responds to the control data and outputs the state of each system; according to the state of each system of the flight simulator, the verification data is sent to the second-order differential negative feedback loop to become the dynamic control data, and the dynamic control data is input to the flight simulation Each system of the flight simulator and each system of the flight simulator respond to the dynamic control data and adjust each system dynamically, and also plot the input data of the second-order differential loop and the response changes of the flight simulator system to display the test results of the QTG system, and realize the second-order differential loop. Road in the QTG system to test the various systems of the flight simulator.
如图4所示,反馈机制为俯仰角、偏航角、滚转角,被控对象为飞行模拟机,r(t)为验证数据,y(t)为输出量角度(俯仰角、偏航角、滚转角),x(t)为操纵量(驾驶杆、脚蹬等),h(t)为控制面角度,g(t)为控制面变化率,k(t)为加速度,u1(t)为作用在被控制面1上的合成操纵量1,un(t)为作用在被控制面n上的合成操纵量n(n=1,2,3,……),u(t)为作用在控制对象上的合成操纵量。As shown in Figure 4, the feedback mechanism is pitch angle, yaw angle, and roll angle, the controlled object is a flight simulator, r(t) is the verification data, and y(t) is the output angle (pitch angle, yaw angle) , roll angle), x(t) is the manipulation amount (steering stick, pedals, etc.), h(t) is the control surface angle, g(t) is the rate of change of the control surface, k(t) is the acceleration, u 1 ( t) is the synthetic manipulation amount 1 acting on the controlled surface 1, u n (t) is the synthetic manipulation amount n (n=1, 2, 3, ...) acting on the controlled surface n, u (t ) is the synthetic manipulation amount acting on the control object.
在QTG系统测试,通过数据转换软件提取标准格式的验证数据,验证数据作为二阶微分环路的输入数据,将验证数据发送到一号二阶微分回路、二号二阶微分回路、三号二阶微分回路、四号二阶微分回路、五号二阶微分回路、六号二阶微分回路后成为操控数据,且操控数据输入至操纵负荷系统、仪表系统、视景系统、运动系统、声音系统,此过程模拟飞行员的操控动作,操控数据为图4中u1(t)至un-1(t),飞行模拟机各系统分别响应操控数据并输出各系统状态;根据飞行模拟机各系统状态,将验证数据发送到二阶微分负反馈回路后成为动态操控数据,且动态操控数据输入至飞行模拟机各系统,此过程模拟飞行员的动态调节操控动作,动态操控数据为图4中un(t),飞行模拟机各系统分别响应动态操控数据并动态调节各系统,还将二阶微分环路的输入数据和飞行模拟机系统响应变化进行绘图显示QTG系统测试结果,实现二阶微分环路在QTG系统中测试飞行模拟机各系统。如图5(a)-5(f)所示,以俯仰角为例说明二阶微分环路的输入数据和飞行模拟机系统响应变化绘图显示QTG系统测试结果。In the QTG system test, the verification data in the standard format is extracted through the data conversion software, the verification data is used as the input data of the second-order differential loop, and the verification data is sent to the No. 1 second-order differential loop, No. 2 second-order differential loop, No. The first-order differential loop, No. 4 second-order differential loop, No. 5 second-order differential loop, and No. 6 second-order differential loop become control data, and the control data is input to the control load system, instrument system, visual system, motion system, and sound system. , this process simulates the pilot's control action, the control data is u 1 (t) to u n-1 (t) in Figure 4, and each system of the flight simulator responds to the control data and outputs the state of each system; After sending the verification data to the second-order differential negative feedback loop, it becomes the dynamic control data, and the dynamic control data is input to each system of the flight simulator. This process simulates the pilot's dynamic adjustment and control actions. The dynamic control data is u n in Figure 4. (t), each system of the flight simulator responds to the dynamic control data and adjusts each system dynamically, and also plots the input data of the second-order differential loop and the response changes of the flight simulator system to display the test results of the QTG system, and realizes the second-order differential loop. Road in the QTG system to test the various systems of the flight simulator. As shown in Figures 5(a)-5(f), the pitch angle is taken as an example to illustrate the input data of the second-order differential loop and the response changes of the flight simulator system to display the test results of the QTG system.
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments can still be modified, or some or all of the technical features thereof can be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. scope.
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