CN114380525B - Slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114380525B CN114380525B CN202111361853.4A CN202111361853A CN114380525B CN 114380525 B CN114380525 B CN 114380525B CN 202111361853 A CN202111361853 A CN 202111361853A CN 114380525 B CN114380525 B CN 114380525B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/30—Water reducers, plasticisers, air-entrainers, flow improvers
- C04B2103/302—Water reducers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/60—Agents for protection against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2103/601—Agents for increasing frost resistance
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- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a slump retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of slump retaining and antifreezing. A slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent comprises water and the following components in parts by weight: 8 to 12 portions of slump-retaining water reducing agent, 8 to 16 portions of water-soluble organic compound, 2 to 5 portions of strong electrolyte inorganic salt, 0.02 to 0.08 portion of air entraining agent and 1 to 5 portions of regulator. The preparation method of the slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent comprises the following steps: adding water into a 1000mL four-neck flask, sequentially adding sodium nitrite, calcium chloride, ethylene glycol, triethanolamine, a slump-retaining water reducer, an air entraining agent and a regulator, and uniformly stirring to obtain the slump-retaining concrete antifreezing water reducer. The slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent prepared by the method can improve the initial water reducing rate and slump-retaining performance of concrete, can improve the early strength and antifreezing effect of the concrete, is economical and environment-friendly, and does not cause environmental pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of slump retaining and antifreezing, in particular to a slump retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The slump retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent is a substance capable of preventing moisture in concrete from freezing at a low temperature, and can harden the concrete at a negative temperature, keep the slump of the concrete stable under a long-time construction state, ensure the construction performance of the concrete and achieve the expected performance under the specified curing condition. When the average outside temperature is lower than 0 ℃ or the continuous temperature of 3d is lower than 5 ℃, the project is judged to enter the winter construction. After the engineering is constructed in winter, the cast-in-place concrete has the problem of early freezing damage, the surface pulverization, edge missing and corner falling and loose structure of the plane structure concrete can be caused by the early freezing damage, and even the phenomenon of steel bar exposure can be caused, thereby seriously affecting the engineering quality.
In order to solve the problem of winter damage of the engineering, heating methods are usually adopted in the engineering, and mainly include greenhouse heating, electric heating, steam heating and the like, but the processes of all the heating methods are complex, the cost is high, the method is not suitable for bar-shaped engineering of railways and the like, and the most effective method for controlling early-stage frost damage is to add an antifreezing agent into concrete at present. In order to solve the construction problem of the concrete in the winter period of the engineering, a retarder is usually added during mixing. However, the currently used antifreeze and retarder have the problem of overhigh chloride ions and alkali metal ions, and meanwhile, the antifreeze contains substances which pollute human bodies and the environment, and the antifreeze effect is not obvious in an ultralow temperature environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a slump-retaining concrete antifreezing water reducing agent and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent comprises water and the following components in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of slump retaining water reducing agent, 8-16 parts of water-soluble organic compound, 2-5 parts of strong electrolyte inorganic salt, 0.02-0.08 part of air entraining agent and 1-5 parts of regulator.
The slump-retaining water reducer is added, so that the initial water reducing rate and the slump-retaining performance of the concrete can be improved; the early strength and the antifreezing effect of the concrete can be improved by adding the water-soluble organic compound and the strong electrolyte inorganic salt; the air entraining agent is added, so that dense micro bubbles can be introduced into the concrete, the workability of the concrete is improved, the expansion pressure generated by the concrete freezing at low temperature is relieved, and the anti-freezing effect of the slump-retaining type concrete anti-freezing agent is obviously improved; the concrete regulator is added to reduce the viscosity of concrete, improve the workability and improve the pumping, construction and antifreezing performances of the concrete.
Further, the water-soluble organic compound comprises ethylene glycol and triethanolamine, and the mass ratio of the ethylene glycol to the triethanolamine is 1.
Further, strong electrolyte inorganic salts include sodium nitrite and calcium chloride or sodium chloride.
Further, the slump-retaining water reducer comprises: 2-methylprop-2-enyl polyglycol ether, acrylic Acid (AA), sodium methallyl sulfonate, synthetic ester P, hydroxyethyl acrylate and ammonium persulfate.
The two esters in the slump-retaining water reducer have synergistic effect and are copolymerized with unsaturated acid to obtain a copolymer of the reactive agent with double ester groups, so that the purposes of good dispersion, retardation and slump retaining are achieved; the sodium methallyl sulfonate is used as a chain transfer agent to control the molecular weight of a polymer on one hand, and can generate high water reducing rate and improve the fluidity of cement by high-efficiency dispersion.
Further, the raw materials for synthesizing the ester P are phthalic anhydride, methyl crotonate and a catalyst TiO 2 -Fe 2 O 3 Methyl crotonate, phthalic anhydride and catalyst TiO 2 -Fe 2 O 3 The molar ratio of (2.5 to 4.5) to (1) (0.03 to 0.04).
Further, the molar ratio of the 2-methylprop-2-enylpolyglycol ether to the acrylic acid is (5.0 to 10.0): the molecular weight of the 1, 2-methylpropane-2-alkenyl polyglycol ether is 800 to 3000.
Further, the slump-retaining water reducing agent comprises 0.5-0.9 mass percent of sodium methyl propylene sulfonate, 1.0-1.5 mass percent of hydroxyethyl acrylate, 0.3-0.5 mass percent of synthetic ester P, 1.1-1.5 mass percent of ammonium persulfate and the balance of water.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent, which comprises the following preparation steps:
s1, preparing synthetic ester P: phthalic anhydride, methyl crotonate and catalyst TiO 2 -Fe 2 O 3 Adding the mixture into a four-neck flask one by one, uniformly stirring, reacting at 105 ℃ for 2 hours, and cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished to obtain synthetic ester P;
s2, preparing a material A and a material C: dissolving acrylic acid in water to prepare a material A, and dissolving ammonium persulfate in water to prepare a material C;
s3, preparing a slump-retaining water reducer: uniformly mixing hydroxyethyl acrylate and synthetic ester P in proportion, transferring 2/3 of the mixture into a four-neck flask, starting stirring, transferring 2-methylpropane-2-alkenyl polyethylene glycol ether into the flask, adding sodium methallyl sulfonate, flushing and transferring the mixture of the rest ester into the four-neck flask, heating to above 75 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10min, simultaneously dropwise adding a material A and a material C, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 90min after the dropping is finished, and neutralizing with liquid alkali until the pH is =5 to 7 to obtain the slump-retaining water reducer;
s4, preparing a slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent: and (4) adding water into a 1000mL four-neck flask, sequentially adding sodium nitrite, calcium chloride, ethylene glycol, triethanolamine, the slump-retaining water reducer prepared in the step (S3), an air entraining agent and a regulator, and uniformly stirring to obtain the slump-retaining antifreezing water reducer.
The invention adopts a water solution free radical polymerization mode to prepare the slump-retaining water reducer. The performance of the polycarboxylate superplasticizer is closely related to the molecular structure, the conjugated effect, the polar effect, the steric effect and the like of the substituent groups can influence the polymerization of monomers and the activity of free radicals, and the larger the conjugated effect of the substituent groups on the free radicals, the lower the activity of the substituent groups. In addition, the rate of reaction of free radicals with monomers is also related to steric effects: when the vinyl monomer contains a substituent, the volume exclusion of the substituent causes the reactivity between the radical and the monomer to decrease. If two substituents are on the same carbon atom, steric hindrance effect is not obvious, and monomer activity is enhanced due to superposition of electronic effects of the substituents; if the substituents are located on different carbon atoms, steric effects may again render them less active.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent which is high in water reducing rate (more than or equal to 25%), good in antifreezing effect, strong in slump-retaining performance, capable of keeping concrete slump constant for 2 hours from the initial stage, good in air entraining performance, environment-friendly, non-toxic, harmless, alkali-free, almost free of chloride ions, sulfate ions, alkali metal ions and formaldehyde, and saving and environment-friendly.
2. The slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent disclosed by the invention is simple in preparation process and environment-friendly, the preparation process is carried out according to the standard, and all indexes of the prepared slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent meet the requirements of first-class products of building material industry standard JC 475-2004 'concrete antifreezing agent'.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments below:
the slump-retaining type antifreezing water reducing agent implemented by the invention is tested according to JC 475-2004, the specified temperature is-5 ℃, the used cement is the reference cement, and the unit cement dosage is 330kg/m 3 The sand rate is 38 percent, and the mixing amount of the slump-retaining type anti-freezing water reducing agent is 1.5 to 2.5 percent.
The slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent comprises water and the following components in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of slump retaining water reducing agent, 8-16 parts of water-soluble organic compound, 2-5 parts of strong electrolyte inorganic salt, 0.02-0.08 part of air entraining agent and 1-5 parts of regulator. The water-soluble organic compound comprises ethylene glycol and triethanolamine, and the mass ratio of the ethylene glycol to the triethanolamine is 1. The strong electrolyte inorganic salt comprises sodium nitrite and calcium chloride or sodium chloride, preferably the calcium chloride and the sodium nitrite, wherein the mass ratio of the calcium chloride to the sodium nitrite is (0.1 to 1): 1, preferably 0.4.
The slump-retaining water reducing agent comprises: 2-methylpropane-2-alkenyl polyglycol ether, acrylic Acid (AA), sodium methallyl sulfonate, synthetic ester P, hydroxyethyl acrylate and ammonium persulfate. The molecular weight of the 2-methylprop-2-enyl polyglycol ether is 800 to 3000, preferably 2400; the molar ratio of the 2-methylpropane-2-alkenyl polyglycol ether to the acrylic acid is (5.0 to 10.0): 1, preferably 7.5. The mass ratio of the sodium methallyl sulfonate in the slump-retaining water reducer is 0.5-0.9%, and the preferable ratio is as follows: 0.80 percent; the mass ratio of the hydroxyethyl acrylate is 1.0-1.5%, and the preferred ratio is as follows: 1.30 percent; the mass ratio of the synthetic ester P is 0.3-0.5%, and the preferable ratio is: 0.40 percent; the mass ratio of the ammonium persulfate is 1.1-1.5%, and the preferred ratio is as follows: 1.30 percent; the rest is water.
The raw materials for synthesizing the ester P are phthalic anhydride, methyl crotonate and catalyst TiO 2 -Fe 2 O 3 Methyl crotonate, phthalic anhydride and catalyst TiO 2 -Fe 2 O 3 The molar ratio of (2.5 to 4.5) to (1) (0.03 to 0.04), preferably 3.5:1:0.036.
the materials are prepared according to the optimal ratio to prepare the slump-retaining concrete antifreezing water reducer, and the operation steps are as follows: s1, preparing synthetic ester P: phthalic anhydride, methyl crotonate and catalyst TiO 2 -Fe 2 O 3 Adding the mixture into a four-neck flask one by one, uniformly stirring, reacting at 105 ℃ for 2 hours, and cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished to obtain synthetic ester P;
s2, preparing a material A and a material C: dissolving acrylic acid in water to prepare a material A, and dissolving ammonium persulfate in water to prepare a material C;
s3, preparing a slump-retaining water reducer: uniformly mixing hydroxyethyl acrylate and synthetic ester P according to a proportion, taking 2/3 of the mixture to transfer the mixture into a four-neck flask, starting stirring, transferring 2-methylpropane-2-alkenyl polyethylene glycol ether into the flask, then adding sodium methallyl sulfonate, flushing and transferring the mixture of the residual ester into the four-neck flask, heating the mixture to a temperature of over 75 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10min, simultaneously dropwise adding a material A and a material C, completing dropping of 165min of the material A, completing dropping of 180min of the material C, performing a heat preservation reaction for 90min after the dropping, and neutralizing liquid alkali to a pH value of =5 to 7 to obtain a slump-retaining water reducer, wherein the solid content of the slump-retaining water reducer is 45%;
s4, preparing the slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent: and (3) adding water into a 1000mL four-neck flask, sequentially adding sodium nitrite, calcium chloride, ethylene glycol, triethanolamine, the slump-retaining water reducer prepared in the step (S3), an air entraining agent and a regulator, and uniformly stirring to obtain the slump-retaining anti-freezing water reducer.
Example 1
A slump-retaining concrete antifreezing water reducing agent is prepared by the following steps: slump loss resistant water reducing agent, water-soluble organic compound, strong electrolyte inorganic salt, air entraining agent and regulator. The slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8% of slump-retaining water reducing agent, 4% of ethylene glycol, 4% of triethanolamine, 2% of sodium nitrite, 0.4% of calcium chloride, 0.2% of air entraining agent, 2% of regulator and 79.4% of water.
And then preparing the slump-retaining concrete antifreezing water reducer, wherein the operation steps are the same as the above. Adding water into a 1000mL four-neck flask, then sequentially adding sodium nitrite, calcium chloride, ethylene glycol, triethanolamine, a slump-retaining water reducer, an air entraining agent and a regulator, and uniformly stirring to obtain the slump-retaining anti-freezing water reducer.
The prepared slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent is frozen in a refrigerator at the temperature of-5 ℃ for 72 hours, and the state is good, and the icing phenomenon does not occur.
The mixing amount of the slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent is 1.8%, and the detection results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
Example 2
A slump retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10% of slump-retaining water reducing agent, 6% of ethylene glycol, 6% of triethanolamine, 2% of sodium nitrite, 0.8% of calcium chloride, 0.4% of air entraining agent, 3% of regulator and 71.8% of water.
And then preparing the slump-retaining concrete antifreezing water reducer, wherein the operation steps are the same as the above. After the prepared slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent is placed in a refrigerator at the temperature of-5 ℃ for freezing for 72 hours, the state is good, and the phenomenon of icing does not occur.
The mixing amount of the slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent is 2.1%, and the detection results are shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2
Example 3
A slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12% of slump-retaining water reducing agent, 8% of ethylene glycol, 8% of triethanolamine, 2.0% of sodium nitrite, 1.2% of calcium chloride, 0.4% of air entraining agent, 4% of regulator and 64.4% of water.
And then preparing the slump-retaining concrete antifreezing water reducer, wherein the operation steps are the same as the above. The prepared slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent is frozen in a refrigerator at the temperature of-5 ℃ for 72 hours, the state is good, and the phenomenon of icing is avoided.
The mixing amount of the slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent is 2.4%, and the detection results are shown in Table 3:
TABLE 3
As can be seen from tables 1,2 and 3, the slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent researched by the invention has the advantages of high water reducing rate, good slump-retaining performance and good antifreezing effect, and the slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent hardly contains chloride ions, sulfate ions, alkali metal ions and formaldehyde, so that the slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent is very environment-friendly. All detection indexes meet the requirements of first-class products of building material industry standard JC 475-2004 concrete antifreezer.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge of known specific structures and features of the embodiments is not described herein in any greater detail. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. The slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent is characterized by comprising water and the following components in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of slump-retaining water reducer, 8-16 parts of water-soluble organic compound, 2-5 parts of strong electrolyte inorganic salt, 0.02-0.08 part of air entraining agent and 1-5 parts of regulator;
the slump-retaining water reducer comprises: 2-methylpropyl-2-alkenyl polyglycol ether, acrylic Acid (AA), sodium methallyl sulfonate, synthetic ester P, hydroxyethyl acrylate and ammonium persulfate;
the raw materials for synthesizing the ester P are phthalic anhydride, methyl crotonate and a catalyst TiO 2 -Fe 2 O 3 Methyl crotonate, phthalic anhydride and catalyst TiO 2 -Fe 2 O 3 The molar ratio of (2.5 to 4.5) to (1 to (0.03 to 0.04); the preparation steps are as follows:
s1, preparing synthetic ester P: phthalic anhydride, methyl crotonate and catalyst TiO 2 -Fe 2 O 3 Adding the mixture into a four-neck flask one by one, uniformly stirring, reacting at 105 ℃ for 2 hours, and cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished to obtain synthetic ester P;
s2, preparing a material A and a material C: dissolving acrylic acid in water to prepare a material A, and dissolving ammonium persulfate in water to prepare a material C;
s3, preparing a slump-retaining water reducer: uniformly mixing hydroxyethyl acrylate and synthetic ester P in proportion, taking 2/3 of the mixture to transfer the mixture into a four-neck flask, starting stirring, transferring 2-methylpropane-2-alkenyl polyethylene glycol ether into the flask, then adding sodium methallyl sulfonate, flushing and transferring the mixture of the rest esters into the four-neck flask, heating the temperature to be higher than 75 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10min, simultaneously dropwise adding a material A and a material C, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 90min after the dropwise adding is finished, and neutralizing liquid alkali to pH =5 to 7 to obtain the slump-retaining water reducer;
s4, preparing the slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent: and (3) adding water into a 1000mL four-neck flask, sequentially adding sodium nitrite, calcium chloride, ethylene glycol, triethanolamine, the slump-retaining water reducer prepared in the step (S3), an air entraining agent and a regulator, and uniformly stirring to obtain the slump-retaining anti-freezing water reducer.
2. The slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent according to claim 1, wherein: the water-soluble organic compound comprises ethylene glycol and triethanolamine, and the mass ratio of the ethylene glycol to the triethanolamine is 1.
3. The slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent according to claim 1, wherein: the strong electrolyte inorganic salt comprises sodium nitrite and calcium chloride or sodium chloride.
4. The slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent according to claim 1, wherein: the molar ratio of the 2-methylpropane-2-alkenyl polyglycol ether to the acrylic acid is (5.0 to 10.0): 1, the molecular weight of the 2-methylpropane-2-alkenyl polyglycol ether is 800 to 3000.
5. The slump-retaining type concrete antifreezing water reducing agent according to claim 1, wherein: in the slump-retaining water reducer, the mass ratio of sodium methallyl sulfonate is 0.5-0.9%, the mass ratio of hydroxyethyl acrylate is 1.0-1.5%, the mass ratio of synthetic ester P is 0.3-0.5%, the mass ratio of ammonium persulfate is 1.1-1.5%, and the balance is water.
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