CN114376963A - 一种大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶及其制备方法和在骨关节炎疾病中的应用 - Google Patents
一种大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶及其制备方法和在骨关节炎疾病中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶及其制备方法和在骨关节炎疾病中的应用,属于超分子水凝胶技术领域。大黄酸与金属离子配位形成超分子水凝胶。该水凝胶成分均为生物相容性良好的天然产物,具有低毒和优越的生物相容性,无需化学修饰和其他载体,提高了载药量和安全性,可通过注射的方式迅速将药物递送至靶位置,能够自递送和自缓释,具有良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性,同时其微观结构为三维网络,能够缓慢释放大黄酸药物分子,具有长效释放能力,能够避免药物被快速清除,提高药物的利用度,具有良好的抗炎和促进软骨修复,将会在骨关节炎等领域有很好的应用前景。制备方法简单,成本低廉,可商品化,适于大规模生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及超分子水凝胶技术领域,具体为一种大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶的制备方法和在骨关节炎疾病中的应用。
背景技术
骨关节炎是一种顽固性慢性疾病,主要表现为滑膜炎症、软骨退变、软骨下骨硬化和骨赘形成。全球高达7%的人口受到骨关节炎的影响,从1990年到2019年,患者人数增加了48%。到2032年,估计有29.5%的45岁或以上的人患有骨关节炎。尽管已经对骨关节炎病理生理学有了很好的了解,但很少有有效的治疗方法可用。目前的疗法包括全身给药(口服或静脉内)、物理疗法和外科手术疗法。然而,它们都没有显示出改善疾病的功效和抑制长期残疾。即使是一些临床试验也没有产生积极的结果。FDA将骨关节炎列为“具有未满足医疗需求的严重疾病”。因此,迫切需要有前景的生物医学药物来缓解、阻止或逆转骨关节炎的进展。
为了减轻或阻止骨关节炎进展,靶向关节软骨是获得积极效果的最佳选择。因为根据骨关节炎病理学,标志是关节软骨丢失,这预示着未来关节置换的风险。随着疾病的发生和发展,软骨基质合成代谢和分解代谢的不平衡持续存在。作为对抗骨关节炎起始的第一道防线,关节软骨的最外层表层始于润滑蛋白的产生、软骨祖细胞的含有和剪切阻力的功能障碍。在这种情况下,软骨细胞似乎得到了间充质干细胞的帮助,这些干细胞从软骨下区域迁移到缺损区域以再生软骨。但复杂而漫长的修复过程,以及反复承受机械负荷,会导致易受关节炎变性影响的软骨破坏。此外,生物力学微环境有助于骨关节炎的发展。由软骨细胞合成的细胞外基质占软骨干重的90%,对微环境的生理稳定性至关重要。在骨关节炎期间,细胞外基质经历重塑和灵活性丧失,导致足底细胞和软骨细胞的异常行为,进一步加重软骨功能。由于软骨破坏和补体通路激活,这些细胞外基质片段会引发关节环境中的炎症过程。
成功的软骨修复需要药物进入软骨的整个深度以到达软骨细胞和细胞外基质。然而,软骨中不存在血管供应、神经和淋巴组织,这导致药物通过全身给药扩散到受损关节的最小扩散。因此,通过关节内注射靶向软骨往往成为更好的治疗策略。虽然已经报道了骨关节炎软骨部位注射(如镇痛药、糖皮质激素、透明质酸和其他未经证实的替代治疗化合物),但这些小分子和生物大分子可能会遇到药物快速消除,导致保留不足和降低浓度。此外,大多数化合物的关节内半衰期短至2至4小时。因此,探索良好的药物渗透和保留在软骨内以实现骨关节炎治疗的巨大潜力仍然是一个很大的挑战。
在过去的几十年里,科学家们创造了一系列创新的药物递送系统,用于持续释放到软骨中。在这些系统中,可注射水凝胶是最常用的生物功能材料之一。此外,该技术能够通过微创手术嵌入目标位置。在软骨修复方面,水凝胶是具有开放多孔结构和高含水量的柔软材料;因此,它们成为细胞外基质模拟的有吸引力的候选者。此外,自组装水凝胶形成三维纳米纤维网络固定水可以提供诸如细胞生物相容性、天然生物降解性、非免疫原性和低细胞毒性等优点。
尽管进行了大量研究,但发明的注射水凝胶距离骨关节炎中的临床转化软骨修复还很远。聚合物水凝胶提供关节腔内滑液无法承受的超强机械强度。此外,由于不确定的体内分解和降解,这些水凝胶增加了全身毒性的发生率。与聚合物水凝胶相比,由小分子组成的自组装水凝胶具有更好的特性,包括响应性、可逆性、可调性、仿生性、模块化和适应性。然而,绝大多数基于小分子的水凝胶涉及递送载体,可能导致较差的生物相容性和生物降解性、低负载效率以及意想不到的副作用。因此,探索克服现有障碍的按需注射水凝胶势在必行。
为了设计用于按需治疗的水凝胶,我们尝试制备一种没有递送货物的超分子水凝胶。水凝胶由自组装大黄酸结合锌配位而成。大黄酸是双醋瑞因的生物活性代谢物,是一种蒽醌小分子,用于治疗骨关节炎。由于大黄酸通过非共价相互作用进行自组装,超分子纳米纤维作为水凝胶的三维网络形成以固定水。随后添加的锌离子增强了生物材料系统的交联,以模拟天然细胞外基质。此外,锌离子通过金属蛋白酶激活和骨代谢稳态对软骨修复和骨形成产生有益作用。因此,这种定制的生物功能自组装纳米水凝胶不仅提高了可注射性、缓释性能、生物相容性和生物降解性,而且在几乎没有副作用的情况下在骨关节炎软骨修复方面发挥了巨大潜力。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶的制备方法和在骨关节炎疾病中的应用,以解决现有的大黄酸药物剂型生物利用度低、有效血药浓度维持时间短、安全性不高的问题。
为实现上述目的,根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶,其微观结构为三维网络结构,大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶为大黄酸在碱性水溶液中与金属离子配位自组装形成的水凝胶。
本发明利用小分子药物大黄酸中的羧基在碱性水溶液中形成羧酸根离子,然后与金属离子通过氢键、π-π堆积、疏水作用、配位作用等非共价作用力自组装形成可注射水凝胶。在此体系中,大黄酸药物分子和金属离子之间形成动态可逆的配位键,该水凝胶在一定的应力下可快速剪切变稀,在注射后能够迅速恢复原始凝胶态。
该大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶可直接注射并缓慢释放出大黄酸药物分子。该水凝胶通过药物分子自组装形成,无需加入载体,避免了现有的采用脂质体、聚合物微球、胶束、纳米粒子、大分子等作为药物载体所带来的毒副作用以及提高了载药量。该大黄酸可注射水凝胶解决了大黄酸溶解性差和容易被快速清除等问题,具有非常重要的临床意义。
进一步地,大黄酸的浓度为5mg/mL-8mg/mL,含量为0.38wt%-0.8wt%。通过试验研究发现,当大黄酸的含量低于最小成胶浓度0.38wt%时,无法形成水凝胶;当大黄酸的含量高于最大浓度0.8wt%时,会导致水凝胶不均匀透明。因此,水凝胶中大黄酸的含量优选在0.38wt%-0.8wt%范围内。
进一步地,大黄酸与金属离子的摩尔比为1:(0.03-0.25)。通过研究发现,大黄酸和金属离子的摩尔比在这个范围内得到的水凝胶更好;若金属离子太多会导致水凝胶不均匀,不透明,还会产生细胞毒性;若金属离子太少会导致不能自组装生成水凝胶。
进一步地,金属离子为Zn2+、Ca2+、Mg2+中的一种或多种。
进一步地,碱性水溶液为PBS缓冲溶液、氢氧化钠溶液或氢氧化钾溶液。
进一步地,碱性水溶液的pH为8.35-9.2,大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶的pH为7.0-7.4。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了上述大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶的制备方法,将大黄酸溶解在碱性水溶液中,加入金属离子溶液,超声混合后即得大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶。
进一步地,超声混合的时间为2min-30min。
进一步地,金属离子溶液的浓度为0.01mol/L-0.5mol/L。金属离子溶液的浓度在这个范围内效果最好,金属离子的浓度过低会导致无法与大黄酸配位自组装形成水凝胶,若浓度太大又会导致凝胶不均匀透明。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种上述大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶或者如上述的制备方法得到的大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶的应用,将大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶用于骨关节炎的注射剂型开发。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明利用临床药物大黄酸和金属离子配位自组装形成可注射水凝胶,药物分子无需化学修饰和其他载体,提高了载药量和安全性;该水凝胶可通过注射的方式迅速将药物递送至靶位置;该水凝胶能够自递送和自缓释,具有良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性。本发明制备的大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶,其微观结构为三维网络,能够缓慢释放大黄酸药物分子,具有长效释放能力,能够避免药物被快速清除,提高药物的利用度。该大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶无需化学修饰和额外载体,药物利用度高,具有剪切变稀和自修复性能可直接注射给药,具有良好的缓释性和生物相容性;其制备方法绿色环保简便。本发明制备方法简单,成本低廉,可商品化,适于大规模生产。本发明制备的大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶有良好的抗炎和促进软骨修复,将会在骨关节炎等领域有很好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为水凝胶的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图;
图2为本发明实施例1中水凝胶的透射显微镜(TEM)图;
图3为本发明实施例2中水凝胶的流变图;
图4为本发明实施例3中水凝胶抑制炎症表达图;
图5为本发明实施例4中促进软骨修复免疫荧光图;
图6为本发明实施例5中在小鼠中促进软骨修复番红-固绿、伊红-苏木素、甲苯胺蓝染色图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
因此,以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施方式的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围,而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
称取5.0mg大黄酸于螺口瓶中,加入0.1mol/L的醋酸锌溶液,再加入1mL的PBS缓冲溶液(pH=8.5),超声60s,使大黄酸与锌离子的摩尔比为8:1;得到橘红色的大黄酸和锌配位可注射水凝胶。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)来观察该大黄酸和锌配位可注射水凝胶的微观形貌结构。
扫描电镜样品制备:取10μL水凝胶于洁净的硅片上,冷冻干燥24h,然后进行测试。因样品导电性差,扫描之前喷金处理。图1为本实施例所得的大黄酸和锌配位可注射水凝胶的扫描电镜图。如图1所示,该大黄酸和锌配位水凝胶的微观形貌为三维网状结构。
透射电镜样品制备:取3ul水凝胶于干净铜网上,自然风干,然后测试。图2为本实施例所得的大黄酸和锌配位可注射水凝胶的透射电镜图。如图2所示,该大黄酸和锌配位水凝胶的微观形貌为纤维结构。
实施例2
称取10.0mg大黄酸于螺口瓶中,加入0.1mol/L的醋酸锌溶液,再加入2mL的PBS缓冲溶液(pH=8.4),超声60s,使大黄酸与锌离子的摩尔比为12:1;得到橘红色的大黄酸和锌配位可注射水凝胶。
用流变仪测试该大黄酸水凝胶的剪切变稀以及自修复能力。我们通过检测储能模量(G’)和耗损模量(G”)的变化来反应水凝胶的状态。当G’>G”时,样品为凝胶状态;当G’<G”时,样品为溶液状态。
具体测试步骤为:将制备得到的水凝胶放到流变仪上,设置实验参数,实验分为三个阶段:第一阶段在低应力下,设置应力为0.1%,时间为180s;第二阶段在高应力下,设置应力为35%,时间保持60s;第三阶段从高应力回到低应力下,应力为0.1%,时间保持180s,观察每个阶段G′和G″的变化情况。
如图3所示,第一阶段,在低应力0.1%下,储能模量(G′)一直大于耗损模量(G″),表明样品是凝胶状态;第二阶段,当应力加大到35%时,储能模量(G′)一直小于耗损模量(G″),说明样品处于溶液状态:第三阶段,当从高应力回到低应力时,储能模量(G′)大于耗损模量(G″),这说明当应力减小时,样品从溶液状态变回凝胶状态。以上试验表明该大黄酸水凝胶具有很好的剪切变稀以及自修复能力。
实施例3
称取10.0mg大黄酸于螺口瓶中,加入0.1mol/L的醋酸锌溶液,再加入2mL的PBS缓冲溶液(pH=8.4),超声60s,使大黄酸与锌离子的摩尔比为12:1;得到橘红色的大黄酸和锌配位可注射水凝胶。
将原代软骨细胞预处理30分钟,并用IL-1β(10ng/mL)刺激。处理48h后,收集上清液。根据制造商的说明,通过ELISA试剂盒(拙彩,上海,中国)测定TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-10的水平。
如图4所示,与溶液组相比,水凝胶组显着降低了TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β的水平并提高了IL-10的水平。
实施例4
称取10.0mg大黄酸于螺口瓶中,加入0.1mol/L的醋酸锌溶液,再加入2mL的PBS缓冲溶液(pH=8.4),超声60s,使大黄酸与锌离子的摩尔比为12:1;得到橘红色的大黄酸和锌配位可注射水凝胶。
免疫荧光步骤:再水化的矢状切片在柠檬酸钠缓冲液(10mM柠檬酸三钠,pH6.0,92℃)中加热20分钟,然后用3%牛血清白蛋白(BSA)加0.02%triton-X100封闭1小时。随后将兔抗胶原蛋白Ⅱ(1:400;ab34712;Abcam;美国)和兔抗SOX9(1:800;82630S;CellSignaling Technology;美国)在4℃下孵育14小时。采用Cy3偶联的驴抗兔IgG作为二抗对阳性抗原进行可视化。荧光由蔡司显微镜(卡尔蔡司,德国)以200倍放大率捕获。
我们从小鼠关节中分离出原代软骨细胞,用IL-1β在体外诱导骨关节炎细胞模型。免疫荧光结果表明在模型组中SOX9和COII的表达水平降低。用水凝胶和溶液处理增加了SOX9和COII的表达水平。其中,水凝胶组比溶液组增加COII和SOX9的表达(图5)。
实施例5
称取10.0mg大黄酸于螺口瓶中,加入0.1mol/L的醋酸锌溶液,再加入2mL的PBS缓冲溶液(pH=8.4),超声60s,使大黄酸与锌离子的摩尔比为12:1;得到橘红色的大黄酸和锌配位可注射水凝胶。
形态学染色步骤:将整个关节在10%EDTA缓冲液(PH7.4)中于4℃温和振荡脱钙2周。关节被包埋在石蜡中,并以40微米的间隔通过整个内侧关节制成3微米的矢状切片。然后将切片脱蜡并再水化以进行进一步的组织学评估。对于番红O-fast green染色,苏木精(G1371;Solarbio;China)、fast green(G1053-2;Servicebio;China)和番红O(G1053-1;Servicebio)依次使用3分钟、3分钟,和5分钟。对于苏木精和伊红染色(H&E),将切片浸入苏木精溶液(G1004;Servicebio)5分钟和伊红溶液(G1001;Servicebio)中20秒。对于甲苯胺蓝染色,在甲苯胺蓝中孵育3分钟。为了可视化抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)阳性细胞,切片根据TRAP染色试剂盒(G1050;Servicebio)的制造商协议进行。30秒1%甲基绿(C0115;Solarbio)用于显示核。脱水和透明化后,密封切片并拍照。使用标准OARIS来评估膝关节损伤的严重程度。
软骨和骨骼的结构和功能损伤是骨关节炎的主要病理。从组织学方面来看,水凝胶组显着抑制了软骨侵蚀和蛋白多糖损失,如图6通过番红-固绿、伊红-苏木素和甲苯胺蓝染色评估的。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (10)
1.一种大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶,其特征在于:包括大黄酸、金属离子和碱性水溶液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶,其特征在于:所述大黄酸的浓度为5mg/mL-8mg/mL。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶,其特征在于:所述大黄酸与所述金属离子的摩尔比为1:(0.03-0.25)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶,其特征在于:所述金属离子为Zn2+、Ca2+、Mg2+中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶,其特征在于:所述碱性水溶液为PBS缓冲溶液、氢氧化钠溶液或氢氧化钾溶液。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶,其特征在于:所述碱性水溶液的pH为8.35-9.2,所述大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶的pH为7.0-7.4。
7.一种如权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:将大黄酸溶解在碱性水溶液中,加入金属离子溶液,超声混合后即得所述大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:所述超声混合的时间为2min-30min。
9.根据权利要求7所述的一种大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:所述金属离子溶液的浓度为0.01mol/L-0.5mol/L。
10.一种如权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶或者如权利要求7-9所述的制备方法得到的大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶的应用,其特征在于:将所述大黄酸和金属离子配位水凝胶用于骨关节炎的注射剂型开发。
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