CN114353998A - An in-situ passive temperature measurement method - Google Patents
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- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011540 sensing material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012625 in-situ measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及温度测量技术领域，尤其涉及一种原位无源温度测量方法。The invention relates to the technical field of temperature measurement, in particular to an in-situ passive temperature measurement method.
背景技术Background technique
金属冶炼、石油化工、航天航空等工程应用领域往往需要2500℃左右的超高温温度测量，对工业过程进行监控、管理，以及设计、制造。实际工程应用中常常需要在狭小密闭环境下进行温度测量，目前现有的接触式测温方法面临测温上限受材料自身熔点限制、狭小空间无引线条件、安装判读复杂、无法原位测量等问题；非接触式测温方法面临密闭空间难以提供足够视窗、光学仪器抗热振能力弱等问题。Metal smelting, petrochemical, aerospace and other engineering applications often require ultra-high temperature measurement of about 2500 ° C to monitor, manage, design and manufacture industrial processes. In practical engineering applications, temperature measurement is often required in a small and closed environment. At present, the existing contact temperature measurement methods face problems such as the upper limit of temperature measurement being limited by the melting point of the material itself, the condition of no leads in a small space, complicated installation and interpretation, and inability to measure in situ. ; The non-contact temperature measurement method faces problems such as the difficulty of providing enough windows in confined spaces and the weak resistance to thermal vibration of optical instruments.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明提供了一种原位无源温度测量方法，以解决现有技术中存在的狭小密闭环境下进行温度测量困难的问题。The invention provides an in-situ passive temperature measurement method to solve the problem of difficulty in temperature measurement in a narrow and closed environment existing in the prior art.
一种原位无源温度测量方法，包括：An in-situ passive temperature measurement method, comprising:
制备多组感温元件；Prepare multiple sets of temperature sensing elements;
对所述多组感温元件的相变温度进行标定；calibrating the phase transition temperatures of the multiple groups of temperature sensing elements;
将所述多组感温元件固定在待测目标表面；Fixing the multiple groups of temperature sensing elements on the surface of the target to be measured;
根据所述多组感温元件的相变情况判断所述待测目标的温度。The temperature of the to-be-measured target is determined according to the phase transitions of the plurality of temperature sensing elements.
进一步地，制备多组感温元件，包括：Further, multiple groups of temperature sensing elements are prepared, including:
将多组理论相变温度接近待测目标的预测温度的感温材料加工成丝状，形成所述多组感温元件。The multiple sets of temperature sensing elements are formed by processing multiple sets of temperature sensing materials whose theoretical phase transition temperatures are close to the predicted temperature of the target to be measured into filaments.
进一步地，各组感温材料的理论相变温度呈阶梯分布。Further, the theoretical phase transition temperatures of each group of temperature-sensing materials are distributed in steps.
进一步地，部分感温材料的理论相变温度高于所述待测目标的预测温度，部分感温材料的理论相变温度低于所述待测目标的预测温度。Further, the theoretical phase transition temperature of some temperature-sensing materials is higher than the predicted temperature of the object to be measured, and the theoretical phase transition temperature of some temperature-sensitive materials is lower than the predicted temperature of the object to be measured.
进一步地，所述感温材料为难熔金属或合金。Further, the temperature sensing material is a refractory metal or alloy.
进一步地，对感温元件的相变温度进行标定，包括：Further, the phase transition temperature of the temperature sensing element is calibrated, including:
将待标定的感温元件放置于加热装置中，在初始温度下对感温元件加热预设时长，所述初始温度低于所述感温元件的理论熔点；placing the temperature-sensing element to be calibrated in a heating device, and heating the temperature-sensing element for a preset period of time at an initial temperature, where the initial temperature is lower than the theoretical melting point of the temperature-sensing element;
感温元件加热预设时长之后进行冷却，检测所述感温元件是否发生熔化；The temperature-sensing element is heated for a preset period of time and then cooled to detect whether the temperature-sensing element is melted;
如果未发生熔化，则将初始温度升高预设步长后对所述感温元件加热预设时长；If no melting occurs, heating the temperature sensing element for a preset time after increasing the initial temperature by a preset step;
在每一次感温元件未发生熔化时将当前的温度升高预设步长后对感温元件加热预设时长，直到所述感温元件发生熔化；When the temperature sensing element does not melt each time, the current temperature is increased by a preset step size and then the temperature sensing element is heated for a preset time period until the temperature sensing element melts;
确定所述感温元件的相变温度为发生熔化的当前温度和上一次未发生熔化的温度之间。The phase transition temperature of the temperature sensing element is determined to be between the current temperature at which melting occurs and the last temperature at which no melting occurs.
进一步地，所述多组感温元件通过焊接、胶粘、预埋或者螺钉固定在待测目标表面。Further, the multiple sets of temperature sensing elements are fixed on the surface of the target to be measured by welding, gluing, pre-embedding or screws.
进一步地，判断感温元件是否发生相变，包括：Further, judging whether the temperature sensing element has undergone a phase change, including:
感温元件出现熔球、熔痕、弯曲变形、不规则的微熔和不规则的全熔之一，则确定感温元件发生相变。If the temperature sensing element has one of molten balls, melting marks, bending deformation, irregular micro-melting and irregular full melting, it is determined that the temperature sensing element has undergone a phase change.
进一步地，所述待测目标的温度通过以下公式进行确定：Further, the temperature of the target to be measured is determined by the following formula:
t1<t2<t3<…<t0<…<tn-2<tn-1<tn＜＜t；t 1 <t 2 <t 3 <…<t 0 <…<t n-2 <t n-1 <t n <<t;
其中，t为待测目标的外框架结构的相变温度，t1、t2、t3…tn分别为n组感温元件对应的相变温度，t0为待测目标的温度。Among them, t is the phase transition temperature of the outer frame structure of the target to be measured, t 1 , t 2 , t 3 . . . t n are the phase transition temperatures corresponding to n groups of temperature sensing elements respectively, and t 0 is the temperature of the target to be measured.
本发明提供的原位无源温度测量方法，能解决高温度、狭小、密闭空间温度测量的问题，同时兼具结构安装简单、抗震性强、成本较低、可原位测量等优势。The in-situ passive temperature measurement method provided by the invention can solve the problem of temperature measurement in high temperature, narrow and confined space, and has the advantages of simple structure and installation, strong shock resistance, low cost, and in-situ measurement.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明提供的原位无源温度测量方法一种实施例的流程图。FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment of an in-situ passive temperature measurement method provided by the present invention.
图2为本发明提供的原位无源温度测量方法一种应用场景下的安装示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of installation in an application scenario of the in-situ passive temperature measurement method provided by the present invention.
具体实施方案specific implementation
为了更好的理解上述技术方案，下面将结合说明书附图以及具体的实施方式对上述技术方案做详细的说明。In order to better understand the above technical solutions, the above technical solutions will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
参考图1，本实施例提供一种原位无源温度测量方法，包括：Referring to FIG. 1 , this embodiment provides an in-situ passive temperature measurement method, including:
步骤S101，制备多组感温元件；Step S101, preparing multiple groups of temperature sensing elements;
步骤S102，对所述多组感温元件的相变温度进行标定；Step S102, calibrating the phase transition temperatures of the multiple groups of temperature sensing elements;
步骤S103，将所述多组感温元件固定在待测目标表面；Step S103, fixing the multiple groups of temperature sensing elements on the surface of the target to be measured;
步骤S104，根据所述多组感温元件的相变情况判断所述待测目标的温度。Step S104 , determining the temperature of the target to be measured according to the phase transitions of the multiple groups of temperature sensing elements.
具体地，执行步骤S101，将多组理论相变温度接近待测目标的预测温度的感温材料加工成丝状，形成所述多组感温元件。其中，可通过将感温材料熔炼延展后加工成丝状。Specifically, step S101 is performed to process multiple sets of temperature-sensing materials whose theoretical phase transition temperatures are close to the predicted temperature of the target to be measured into filaments to form the multiple sets of temperature-sensing elements. Among them, the temperature-sensitive material can be processed into a filament shape after being melted and stretched.
在一些实施例中，各组感温材料的理论相变温度呈阶梯分布，部分感温材料的理论相变温度略高于所述待测目标的预测温度，部分感温材料的理论相变温度略低于所述待测目标的预测温度，每组感温材料之间的温度阶梯较小，同时感温材料应为相图在相变点附近线性较好且简单、高熔点的难熔金属或合金。In some embodiments, the theoretical phase transition temperature of each group of temperature-sensing materials is distributed in steps, the theoretical phase-transition temperature of some temperature-sensing materials is slightly higher than the predicted temperature of the target to be measured, and the theoretical phase-transition temperature of some temperature-sensing materials Slightly lower than the predicted temperature of the target to be measured, the temperature step between each group of temperature-sensing materials is small, and the temperature-sensing materials should be refractory metals with good linearity in the phase diagram near the phase transition point, simple, high melting point or alloy.
在一些实施例中，温度阶梯可以为3℃至30℃，实际应用中根据材料的精度以及待测目标的预测温度确定，待测温度越高，则温度阶梯越大。In some embodiments, the temperature step may be 3°C to 30°C. In practical applications, it is determined according to the accuracy of the material and the predicted temperature of the target to be measured. The higher the temperature to be measured, the larger the temperature step.
进一步地，步骤S102中，对感温元件的相变温度进行标定，包括：Further, in step S102, the phase transition temperature of the temperature sensing element is calibrated, including:
步骤S1021，将待标定的感温元件放置于加热装置中，在初始温度下对感温元件加热预设时长，所述初始温度低于所述感温元件的理论熔点；其中，加热装置可以为管式高温炉，辐射温度计作为标定装置，标定过程中将已溯源至国家最高标准的辐射温度计放置于管式高温炉一端作为温度标准，将待标定的感温元件放入管式高温炉中心，对待标定的感温元件进行加热。Step S1021, place the temperature-sensing element to be calibrated in a heating device, and heat the temperature-sensing element for a preset time at an initial temperature, where the initial temperature is lower than the theoretical melting point of the temperature-sensing element; wherein, the heating device may be: In the high temperature tube furnace, the radiation thermometer is used as the calibration device. During the calibration process, the radiation thermometer that has been traced to the highest national standard is placed at one end of the high temperature tube furnace as the temperature standard, and the temperature sensing element to be calibrated is placed in the center of the high temperature tube furnace. Heat the temperature sensing element to be calibrated.
步骤S1022，感温元件加热预设时长之后进行冷却，检测所述感温元件是否发生熔化；Step S1022, the temperature-sensing element is heated for a preset time and then cooled, and it is detected whether the temperature-sensing element is melted;
步骤S1023，如果未发生熔化，则将初始温度升高预设步长后对所述感温元件加热预设时长；Step S1023, if no melting occurs, the temperature sensing element is heated for a preset time period after increasing the initial temperature by a preset step size;
步骤S1024，在每一次感温元件未发生熔化时将当前的温度升高预设步长后对感温元件加热预设时长，直到所述感温元件发生熔化；Step S1024, heating the temperature sensing element for a preset time period after increasing the current temperature by a preset step size every time the temperature sensing element does not melt, until the temperature sensing element melts;
步骤S1025，确定所述感温元件的相变温度为发生熔化的当前温度和上一次未发生熔化的温度之间。In step S1025, the phase transition temperature of the temperature sensing element is determined to be between the current temperature at which melting occurs and the temperature at which no melting occurred last time.
进一步地，步骤S103中，所述多组感温元件通过焊接、胶粘、预埋或者螺钉固定在待测目标表面。Further, in step S103, the multiple groups of temperature sensing elements are fixed on the surface of the target to be measured by welding, gluing, pre-embedding or screws.
多组感温元件的安装工艺，基于不同的测量用结构与待测目标环境，采用不同安装工艺。若待测目标为金属结构，可以使用熔点远高于预测温度的难溶金属将感温元件焊接在待测目标表面；若待测目标为非金属结构，无法使用焊接工艺，可以使用高温胶将感温元件粘贴在待测目标表面；对于较狭小不易粘贴的部位可以将多组感温元件直接预埋入材料内部；或预先对被测部位打孔，再将感温元件缠绕在螺钉表面后，将其与螺钉一同打入孔内。The installation process of multiple sets of temperature sensing elements adopts different installation processes based on different measurement structures and target environments to be measured. If the target to be tested is a metal structure, the temperature sensing element can be welded to the surface of the target to be tested by using a refractory metal with a melting point much higher than the predicted temperature; if the target to be tested is a non-metallic structure, the welding process cannot be used. The temperature-sensing element is pasted on the surface of the target to be measured; for small and difficult-to-paste parts, multiple groups of temperature-sensing elements can be directly embedded in the material; or pre-drill holes in the measured part, and then wrap the temperature-sensing element on the surface of the screw , and drive it into the hole with the screw.
进一步地，步骤S104中，判断感温元件是否发生相变，包括：Further, in step S104, judging whether the temperature sensing element undergoes a phase change, including:
感温元件出现熔球、熔痕、弯曲变形、不规则的微熔和不规则的全熔之一，则确定感温元件发生相变。If the temperature-sensing element has one of molten balls, melting marks, bending deformation, irregular micro-melting and irregular full-melting, it is determined that the temperature-sensing element undergoes a phase transition.
进一步地，所述待测目标的温度通过以下公式进行确定：Further, the temperature of the target to be measured is determined by the following formula:
t1<t2<t3<…<t0<…<tn-2<tn-1<tn＜＜t；t 1 <t 2 <t 3 <…<t 0 <…<t n-2 <t n-1 <t n <<t;
其中，t为待测目标的外框架结构的相变温度，t1、t2、t3…tn分别为n组感温元件对应的相变温度，t0为待测目标的温度。Among them, t is the phase transition temperature of the outer frame structure of the target to be measured, t 1 , t 2 , t 3 . . . t n are the phase transition temperatures corresponding to n groups of temperature sensing elements respectively, and t 0 is the temperature of the target to be measured.
以下通过具体的应用场景对本实施例提供的原位无源温度测量方法作进一步说明。The in-situ passive temperature measurement method provided in this embodiment is further described below through specific application scenarios.
参考图2，以飞行器舱段内部的三角形结构为例，将三组感温元件：第一感温元件1、第二感温元件2以及第三感温元件3安装在待测目标区域。第一感温元件1、第二感温元件2以及第三感温元件3已经预先标定相变温度。第一感温元件1的相变温度略低于待测目标的预测温度，第二感温元件2的相变温度接近于待测目标的预计温度，第三感温元件3的相变温度略高于待测目标的预计温度。Referring to FIG. 2 , taking the triangular structure inside the aircraft cabin as an example, three sets of temperature sensing elements: a first
通过观察，第一感温元件1和第二感温元件2发生相变现象，第三感温元件3未发生相变现象，即可得出：Through observation, the first
t1<t2<t0<…<t3＜＜t；t 1 <t 2 <t 0 <…<t 3 <<t;
其中，t1为第一感温元件的相变温度，t2为第二感温元件的相变温度，t3为第三感温元件的相变温度，t0为待测目标的温度，t为待测目标的外框架结构的相变温度。Among them, t 1 is the phase transition temperature of the first temperature sensing element, t 2 is the phase transition temperature of the second temperature sensing element, t 3 is the phase transition temperature of the third temperature sensing element, and t 0 is the temperature of the target to be measured, t is the phase transition temperature of the outer frame structure of the target to be measured.
本实施例提供的无源温度测量方法，能解决高温度、狭小、密闭空间温度测量的问题，同时兼具结构安装简单、抗震性强、成本较低、可原位测量等优势。The passive temperature measurement method provided in this embodiment can solve the problem of temperature measurement in high temperature, narrow and confined space, and has the advantages of simple structure and installation, strong shock resistance, low cost, and in-situ measurement.
尽管已描述了本发明的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本发明范围的所有变更和修改。显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional changes and modifications to these embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once the basic inventive concepts are known. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be construed to include the preferred embodiment and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, provided that these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.
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