CN114336055A - Broadband two-dimensional active time control array based on two-stage time delay - Google Patents
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Abstract
The broadband two-dimensional active time control array based on two-stage time delay comprises a broadband line source, a broadband T/R assembly, a multifunctional time delay amplification assembly, a control unit, a correction network and a sub-array network. The broadband row line source realizes the receiving and transmitting of electromagnetic wave signals of multiple octaves; the broadband T/R component realizes the primary synthesis of a received signal or the final power division of a transmitted signal, the switching of a receiving switch and a polarization switch, the amplitude limiting and low noise amplification of the received signal or the power amplification of the transmitted signal, the amplitude control of the received signal and the fine delay adjustment; the multifunctional time delay amplifying assembly realizes the functions of secondary synthesis of received signals or secondary power division of transmitted signals, switching of a receiving and transmitting switch, large-step time delay adjustment and the like; the control unit adjusts the attenuation and delay code values in the broadband T/R component and the multifunctional delay amplifying component according to an external control instruction; the correction network is used for realizing the distribution of the receiving correction signal or the synthesis of the transmitting correction signal; the subarray network is used for realizing final-stage synthesis of received signals or primary distribution of transmitted signals. The invention adopts two-stage delay control, and realizes the two-dimensional broadband and wide-scanning performance requirements of the system with the minimum cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of broadband antenna arrays, in particular to a broadband active antenna array in an electronic warfare system, and specifically relates to a two-stage time delay based broadband two-dimensional active time control array.
Background
In order to meet the detection and interference requirements of a small-platform electronic warfare system on various electronic signals under the condition of a complex electromagnetic environment, the development of a broadband active antenna array capable of meeting the technical requirements of large instantaneous bandwidth, large-angle scanning and the like is urgently needed. The working bandwidth of the conventional phased array antenna array based on the phase shifter is limited by the aperture size and the beam scanning range, and the requirements of large instantaneous bandwidth and large-angle scanning cannot be met.
Referring to the content of section 4.3 of wideband phased array radar (kingdom, national defense industry press), the bandwidth extension technology of the conventional phased array antenna array can be summarized into 2, 1) unit-level time delay technology; 2) unit-level phase shift + sub-array-level time delay technology.
The inventor finds out in the process of implementing the invention that the bandwidth extension technical problem of the conventional phased array antenna array is as follows: 1) in the method 1, the number of delay lines is n × n, and the electrical length of each delay line reaches the maximum delay of full-array scanning, so that the system loss is large and the cost is high, and in order to compensate the loss of each delay line, more amplifiers are required to be introduced, so that the system power consumption is obviously increased; 2) the method 2 can only expand the working bandwidth to a certain extent, and under the condition of a certain aperture size, the linear reduction of the scale of the subarray division is realized along with the increase of the working bandwidth, which tends to the implementation mode of the method 1; therefore, there are also problems of large system loss, high cost, and the like introduced by the delay line.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a broadband two-dimensional active time control array based on two-stage time delay.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the broadband two-dimensional active time control array based on two-stage time delay comprises a broadband line source, a broadband T/R assembly, a multifunctional time delay amplification assembly, a control unit, a correction network and a sub-array network; the broadband row line source completes the receiving and radiation of 6 frequency multiplication broadband electromagnetic wave signals; meanwhile, a signal coupling path for internal correction is provided; the whole array comprises n (n is more than or equal to 16) broadband line sources; the broadband T/R component completes the functions of primary synthesis of a received signal or final power division of a transmitted signal, switching of a receiving switch and a polarization switch, amplitude limiting and low noise amplification of the received signal or power amplification of the transmitted signal, amplitude control, fine delay adjustment and the like of the received signal; the entire array comprising n24 broadband T/R components; the multifunctional time delay amplifying assembly realizes secondary synthesis of received signals or secondary power division and bidirectional amplification of transmitted signals, switching of a receiving and transmitting switch and large-step time delay adjustment; the power supply has the functions of power supply voltage stabilization, filtering processing, low-frequency control signal distribution and the like; the optical fiber control interface is adopted, so that the code value can be rapidly distributed conveniently; the entire array comprising n264 multifunctional time delay amplifying components; the control unit receives a control command input from the outside, generates attenuation and delay code value control time sequences in the broadband T/R component and the multifunctional delay amplifying component, and realizes weighting and scanning of beams; generating a receiving and transmitting switch and a polarization switch control time sequence in the broadband T/R component and the multifunctional time delay amplifying component, and realizing receiving and transmitting function switching and polarization switching of antenna unit feed; the correction network distributes the receiving correction signals of the array to each broadband line source, or synthesizes the transmitting correction signals output by each broadband line source; the subarray network is used for receiving and synthesizing output signals of the multifunctional time delay amplification assemblies or distributing transmitted signals to the multifunctional time delay amplification assemblies.
The broadband rowline source includes: the antenna unit and the series feed network are integrally designed, and the antenna unit and the series feed network are integrated by adopting a plurality of microwave boards, so that the weight is small and the cost is low.
The broadband T/R component comprises a power amplifier switch chip, an amplitude limiting low-noise amplifier chip, a multifunctional delay chip and an interconnection substrate; the power amplifier switch chip integrally designs a power amplifier and a switch, so that the power amplification of a transmitting signal, the switching of a receiving and transmitting switch and the switching of a polarization switch are realized; the amplitude limiting low-noise amplifier chip integrally designs an amplitude limiter and a low-noise amplifier, so that the protection of a receiving channel and the low-noise amplification of a received signal are realized; the multifunctional time delay chip integrally designs the bidirectional amplifier, the attenuator and the time delay line, thereby realizing the bidirectional amplification of receiving and transmitting, the switching of a receiving and transmitting switch, the amplitude control of the receiving and transmitting signals and the fine time delay adjustment; the interconnection substrate realizes power division or synthesis of signals and distribution of power supply and control signals; the components are integrated by adopting 4 channels, so that the conventional phase shifter configuration is eliminated, and the system design is simplified; and the electrical length of a delay line set by the multifunctional delay chip is greater than the array scanning requirement of the broadband T/R component corresponding to the antenna scale (4 units), thereby simplifying the design of the multifunctional delay amplifying component.
The multifunctional delay amplifying assembly comprises a delay amplifying module and a multifunctional plate; the delay amplifying module comprises chips such as a power divider/combiner, a bidirectional amplifier, a delay line and the like, and realizes the receiving, combining, transmitting and power dividing, bidirectional amplifying, switching of a receiving and transmitting switch and large-step delay adjustment of radio frequency signals; the multifunctional board comprises a radio frequency power dividing/synthesizing network, a power distribution network, an FPGA (field programmable gate array), an optical module and the like, realizes power dividing or synthesizing of radio frequency signals, completes power voltage stabilization and filtering processing, communicates with the control unit and distributes low-frequency control signals to the broadband T/R assembly; the components are integrated by adopting 16 channels, and due to the 'redundancy' design of the delay line of the T/R components, only 4 paths of the delay line are needed in the 16 channels; the electrical length of a delay line set by the delay amplifying module is greater than the array scanning requirement of the multifunctional delay amplifying component corresponding to the antenna scale (64 units); the design of the subarray network is simplified.
The control unit realizes n by adopting an all-optical high-speed communication interface24 broadband T/R modules and n2And the communication speed is high and the anti-interference performance is good when the/64 multifunctional time-delay amplifying components are monitored.
The correction network realizes 1: n distribution or n:1 synthesis of internal correction signals, is realized based on a 1:2 power divider chip, and has the advantages of small volume, light weight and convenience for integration.
The subarray network realizes synthesis or distribution of 4 paths of broadband signals; the method is realized by adopting a passive network, does not need to increase a delay line, and is simple in design and easy to realize.
The two-stage delay design of the array comprises the following steps: 1) calculating the delay electric length corresponding to the maximum scanning angle according to the array scale; 2) converting the maximum delay electrical length into a total phase by taking the highest working frequency as a reference; 3) distributing the phase of the 1-level sub-array according to the total phase; mapping the phase of the 1-level sub-array to the delay line configuration of each multifunctional delay amplifying component; 4) subtracting the phase of the 1-level sub-array from the total phase to obtain the phase of the unit level; mapping the cell-level phases to delay line configurations for each wideband T/R component; 5) calculating directional diagrams of a plurality of scanning angles, judging whether the distribution in the steps 3) and 4) is reasonable, and if so, obtaining delay design values of the multifunctional delay amplifying assembly and the broadband T/R assembly; if not, repeating steps 3), 4) and 5).
As an optimized technical solution, the two-stage delay design of steps 3) and 4) is as follows:
(1) in the broadband T/R component, each channel is provided with 1 path of high-precision delay lines through a multifunctional delay chip, the step is 0.03125 lambda @12GHz, and the electrical length of the delay lines is designed in a redundancy way, so that the delay electrical length required by 4 multiplied by 4 units under the conditions of scanning angles of azimuth +/-45 DEG and pitching +/-30 DEG is met;
(2) in the multifunctional time delay amplifying assembly, every 4 channels are directly synthesized, then 1 path of large-step delay lines are configured, the step is 0.25 lambda @12GHz, and the time delay electric length required by 16 multiplied by 16 units under the conditions of azimuth +/-45 DEG and pitch +/-30 DEG scanning angles is met.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1) compared with the conventional design, the phase shifter configuration is removed, and the time control array of the pure time delay technology is adopted, so that the working bandwidth of the system is hardly limited by the aperture size and the scanning range; 2) the design adopts 2-level time delay on the whole, fine time delay is adopted in unit level, large step time delay is adopted in 1-level sub-array, the total length of time delay lines is greatly reduced, the realization of system indexes can be guaranteed, and power consumption and cost can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a two-stage delay based broadband two-dimensional active time-controlled array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a broadband line source in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a broadband T/R component in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a multi-functional time delay amplification assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 illustrates a delay design step in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the effect of beam scanning at 2GHz frequency point in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the effect of beam scanning at a frequency point of 12GHz in an embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will be better able to understand the present invention, the following detailed description will be given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention provides a broadband two-dimensional active time control array based on two-stage time delay, which comprises 16 broadband line sources 1, 64 broadband T/R components 3, 4 multifunctional time delay amplification components 4, 1 sub-array network 5, 1 control unit 6 and 1 correction network 7, wherein the broadband two-dimensional active time control array is shown in figure 1; the auxiliary equipment such as a cold plate, a power supply and the like is not described;
the 16 broadband line sources 1 are sequentially arranged according to the distance between the antenna units, so that the receiving and the radiation of 6 frequency doubling broadband electromagnetic wave signals are completed, and meanwhile, an internally corrected signal coupling path is provided.
The broadband T/R component 3 completes the functions of primary synthesis of received signals or final power division of transmitted signals, switching of a receiving switch and a polarization switch, amplitude limiting and low noise amplification of the received signals, power amplification of the transmitted signals, amplitude control and fine delay adjustment of the received signals and the like.
The multifunctional time delay amplifying component 4 realizes secondary synthesis of received signals or secondary power division and bidirectional amplification of transmitted signals, switching of a receiving and transmitting switch and large-step time delay adjustment, has the functions of power supply voltage stabilization, filtering processing, low-frequency control signal distribution and the like, and is convenient for realizing rapid distribution of code values by adopting an optical fiber control interface.
The control unit 6 receives an externally input control instruction, generates an attenuation and delay code value control time sequence inside the broadband T/R component 3 and the multifunctional delay amplifying component 4, and realizes weighting and scanning of beams; and generating a receiving and transmitting switch and a polarization switch control time sequence in the broadband T/R component 3 and the multifunctional time delay amplifying component 4, and realizing receiving and transmitting function switching and polarization switching of antenna unit feed.
The correction network 7 distributes the reception correction signals of the array to the respective broadband line sources 1, or synthesizes the transmission correction signals output from the respective broadband line sources 1.
The subarray network 5 is used for receiving and synthesizing the output signals of the multifunctional delay amplifying assemblies 4 or distributing the transmitted signals to the multifunctional delay amplifying assemblies 4.
Referring also to fig. 2, the broadband line source 1 includes: 16 tightly coupled antenna elements 101 and 1 series feed network 102. The tightly coupled antenna unit 101 completes the reception and radiation of electromagnetic wave signals within 6 times of bandwidth (such as 2-12GHz), azimuth +/-45 degrees and pitching +/-30 degrees. The series-feed network 102 is used for coupling and distributing the receiving correction signals to the various broadband T/R assemblies 3 or coupling and synthesizing and outputting the transmitting correction signals of the various broadband T/R assemblies 3. The 16 tightly coupled antenna units 101 and the 1 series feed network 102 are designed integrally, and are integrated by adopting a multilayer microwave board, so that the weight is small and the cost is low.
Referring also to fig. 3, the wideband T/R module 3 is integrated using 4 channels, each of which includes: 1 power amplifier switch chip 301, 1 amplitude limiting low noise amplifier chip 302, 1 multifunctional time delay chip 303. 4 vias are mounted on 1 interconnect substrate 304. In each channel: the receiving output end of the power amplifier switch chip 301 is connected to the input end of an amplitude limiting low-noise amplifier chip 302, the output end of the amplitude limiting low-noise amplifier chip 302 is connected to the receiving input end of a multifunctional time delay chip 303, and the transmitting output end of the multifunctional time delay chip 303 is connected to the input end of the power amplifier switch chip 301.
The power amplification switch chip 301 realizes power amplification, transceiving switching and polarization switching of a transmitting signal; the amplitude limiting low-noise amplifier chip 302 realizes the protection of a receiving channel and the low-noise amplification of a received signal; the multifunctional time delay chip 303 realizes bidirectional amplification of receiving and transmitting, receiving and transmitting switching, amplitude control and fine time delay adjustment; the interconnection substrate 304 realizes 1:4 power division or 4:1 synthesis of signals, and power supply and control signal distribution. The interconnect substrate 304 is preferably a ceramic substrate.
Referring to fig. 4, the multifunctional delay amplifying assembly 4 includes: 1 delay amplification module 401 and 1 multifunctional board 402. The delay amplification module 401 comprises 4 channels of chips such as a 1:4 power division/4: 1 combiner, a bidirectional amplifier, a delay line and the like, 16 channels of radio frequency signals are combined into 4 channels of radio frequency signals after passing through 4:1 combiners, the 4 channels of radio frequency signals are output after passing through the bidirectional amplifier and the delay line respectively, or the 4 channels of radio frequency signals enter 4 1:4 power dividers after passing through the delay line and the bidirectional amplifier respectively and are divided into 16 channels of radio frequency signals, so that power division/combination, bidirectional amplification, receiving and transmitting switch switching and large-step delay adjustment of the radio frequency signals are realized, and the delay amplification module 401 adopts a multi-chip integrated package (SiP) design and is assembled on the multifunctional board 402 in a welding manner; the multifunctional board 402 comprises a radio frequency power dividing/synthesizing network, a power distribution network, an FPGA (field programmable gate array), an optical module and the like, is realized by laminating microwave and digital composite boards, performs 1:4 power dividing or 4:1 synthesizing on a radio frequency signal to complete power voltage stabilization and filtering processing, communicates with the control unit 6 by adopting the low-power FPGA + optical module, and distributes a low-frequency control signal to the broadband T/R component 3.
The multifunctional delay amplifying component 4 is integrated by adopting 16 channels, and due to the 'redundancy' design of the broadband T/R component 3, only 4 paths of delay lines are needed in the 16 channels; the length of the delay line is larger than the array scanning requirement of the corresponding scale of the multifunctional delay amplifying assembly 4; the design of the subarray network is simplified.
Referring to fig. 5, the two-stage delay design steps of the broadband two-dimensional active time control array based on two-stage delay are as follows:
1) calculating the delay electric length corresponding to the maximum scanning angle according to the array scale;
2) converting the maximum delay electrical length into a total phase by taking the highest working frequency as a reference;
3) distributing the phase of the 1-level sub-array according to the total phase; mapping the phase of the 1-level sub-array to the delay line configuration of each multifunctional delay amplifying component 4;
4) subtracting the phase of the 1-level sub-array from the total phase to obtain the phase of the unit level; mapping the unit-level phases to the delay line configuration of the multifunctional delay chip 303 of each wideband T/R component 3;
5) calculating directional diagrams of a plurality of scanning angles, judging whether the distribution in the steps 3) and 4) is reasonable, and if so, obtaining delay design values of the multifunctional delay amplifying assembly 4 and the broadband T/R assembly 3; if not, repeating steps 3), 4) and 5).
The design result of the two-stage delay is as follows: 1) in the broadband T/R component 3, each channel is configured with 1 path of high-precision delay lines through the multifunctional delay chip 303, the step is 0.03125 lambda @12GHz, and the electrical length of the delay lines is designed in a 'redundancy' way, so that the delay electrical length required by 4 multiplied by 4 units under the conditions of scanning angles of +/-45 degrees of azimuth and +/-30 degrees of pitch is met; 2) in the multifunctional delay amplifying assembly 4, every 4 channels are directly synthesized, then 1 path of large-step delay lines are configured, the step is 0.25 lambda @12GHz, and the delay electrical length required by 16 multiplied by 16 units under the conditions of azimuth +/-45 DEG and pitch +/-30 DEG scanning angles is met;
it should be further noted that, in the broadband two-dimensional active time control array based on two-stage delay provided in this example, the operating frequency range is 2GHz-12GHz, and the scanning patterns of 2GHz and 12GHz are given in fig. 6 and fig. 7, by way of example, with the orientation of 45 ° and the pitch of 30 °.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Broadband two-dimensional active time control array based on two-stage time delay is characterized in that: the system comprises a broadband line source, a broadband T/R component, a multifunctional time delay amplification component, a control unit, a correction network and a subarray network;
the broadband row line source completes the receiving and radiation of 6 frequency multiplication broadband electromagnetic wave signals; meanwhile, a signal coupling path for internal correction is provided; the whole array comprises n (n is more than or equal to 16) broadband line sources;
the broadband T/R component completes primary synthesis of received signals or final power division of transmitted signals, switching of a receiving switch and a polarization switch, amplitude limiting and low-noise amplification of the received signals or power amplification of the transmitted signals, amplitude control and fine delay adjustment of the received signals, and the whole array comprises n24 broadband T/R components;
the multifunctional time delay amplifying assembly realizes secondary synthesis of received signals or secondary power division and bidirectional amplification of transmitted signals, switching of a receiving and transmitting switch and large-step time delay adjustment; the entire array comprising n264 multifunctional time delay amplifying components;
the control unit receives a control command input from the outside, generates attenuation and delay code value control time sequences in the broadband T/R component and the multifunctional delay amplifying component, and realizes weighting and scanning of beams; generating a receiving and transmitting switch and a polarization switch control time sequence in the broadband T/R component and the multifunctional time delay amplifying component, and realizing receiving and transmitting function switching and polarization switching of antenna unit feed;
the correction network distributes the receiving correction signals of the array to each broadband line source, or synthesizes the transmitting correction signals output by each broadband line source;
the subarray network is used for receiving and synthesizing output signals of the multifunctional time delay amplification assemblies or distributing transmitted signals to the multifunctional time delay amplification assemblies.
2. A two-stage delay based wideband two-dimensional active time controlled array as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the broadband rowline source includes: the antenna unit and the series feed network are integrally designed and integrated by adopting a plurality of layers of microwave boards.
3. A two-stage delay based wideband two-dimensional active time controlled array as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the broadband T/R component comprises a power amplifier switch chip, an amplitude limiting low-noise amplifier chip, a multifunctional delay chip and an interconnection substrate; the power amplification switch chip is used for realizing power amplification of a transmitted signal, switching of a receiving and transmitting switch and switching of a polarization switch; the amplitude limiting low-noise amplifier chip realizes the protection of a receiving channel and the low-noise amplification of a received signal; the multifunctional time delay chip realizes bidirectional amplification of receiving and transmitting, switching of a receiving and transmitting switch, amplitude control of a received and transmitted signal and fine time delay adjustment; the interconnection substrate realizes power division or synthesis of signals and distribution of power supply and control signals; the components adopt 4-channel integration, and the electrical length of a delay line set by the multifunctional delay chip is greater than the array scanning requirement of the broadband T/R component on the corresponding antenna scale.
4. A two-stage delay based wideband two-dimensional active time controlled array as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the multifunctional delay amplifying assembly comprises a delay amplifying module and a multifunctional plate; the delay amplification module realizes the receiving synthesis/transmitting power division, bidirectional amplification, switching of a receiving and transmitting switch and large-step delay adjustment of radio frequency signals; the multifunctional board performs power division or synthesis on radio frequency signals to complete power supply voltage stabilization and filtering processing, a low-power-consumption FPGA + optical module is adopted to communicate with the control unit and distribute low-frequency control signals to the broadband T/R assembly, the assembly is integrated by adopting 16 channels, and only 4 paths of delay lines are needed in the 16 channels; the electrical length of the delay line set by the delay amplifying module is larger than the array scanning requirement of the multifunctional delay amplifying component corresponding to the antenna scale.
5. A two-stage delay based wideband two-dimensional active time controlled array as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the control unit adoptsOptical high-speed communication interface implementation n24 broadband T/R modules and n2And monitoring/64 multifunctional delay amplifying components.
6. A two-stage delay based wideband two-dimensional active time controlled array as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the correction network implements 1: n allocation of the received correction signals and completes n:1 synthesis of the transmitted correction signals, implemented based on a 1:2 power divider chip.
7. A two-stage delay based wideband two-dimensional active time controlled array as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the subarray network realizes synthesis or distribution of 4 paths of broadband signals; and the implementation is realized by adopting a passive network.
8. A two-stage delay based wideband two-dimensional active time controlled array as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the multifunctional time delay amplifying assembly adopts an optical fiber control interface.
9. A two-stage delay based wideband two-dimensional active clocked array as claimed in any of claims 1 to 8 wherein: the two-stage delay design of the array comprises the following steps:
1) calculating the delay electric length corresponding to the maximum scanning angle according to the array scale;
2) converting the maximum delay electrical length into a total phase by taking the highest working frequency as a reference;
3) distributing the phase of the 1-level sub-array according to the total phase; mapping the phase of the 1-level sub-array to the delay line configuration of each multifunctional delay amplifying component;
4) subtracting the phase of the 1-level sub-array from the total phase to obtain the phase of the unit level; mapping the cell-level phases to delay line configurations for each wideband T/R component;
5) calculating directional diagrams of a plurality of scanning angles, judging whether the distribution in the steps 3) and 4) is reasonable, and if so, obtaining delay design values of the multifunctional delay amplifying assembly and the broadband T/R assembly; if not, repeating steps 3), 4) and 5).
10. A two-stage delay based wideband two-dimensional active time controlled array as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the two-stage delay design of the steps 3) and 4) is as follows:
(1) in the broadband T/R component, each channel is provided with 1 path of high-precision delay lines through a multifunctional delay chip, the step is 0.03125 lambda @12GHz, and the electrical length of the delay lines is designed in a redundancy way, so that the delay electrical length required by 4 multiplied by 4 units under the conditions of scanning angles of azimuth +/-45 DEG and pitching +/-30 DEG is met;
(2) in the multifunctional time delay amplifying assembly, every 4 channels are directly synthesized, then 1 path of large-step delay lines are configured, the step is 0.25 lambda @12GHz, and the time delay electric length required by 16 multiplied by 16 units under the conditions of azimuth +/-45 DEG and pitch +/-30 DEG scanning angles is met.
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| CN119535381A (en) * | 2025-01-20 | 2025-02-28 | 成都华兴大地科技有限公司 | Phased array antenna delay compensation method with wide instantaneous bandwidth and multiple channels |
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