CN114316134B - High-temperature retarder for geothermal cementing of hot dry rock and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-temperature retarder for hot dry rock geothermal well cementing, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of cement retarder preparation. The specific preparation method includes: using AMPS neutralization solution and MA aqueous solution as the bottom solution, or using AMPS neutralization solution alone as the bottom solution, and then simultaneously dropwise adding the mixed aqueous solution of IA and ionic liquid and the aqueous initiator solution to carry out polymerization reaction to obtain AMPS- IA‑MA terpolymer retarder, or AMPS‑IA binary copolymer retarder. In the invention, during the synthesis process of the polymer retarder, the ionic liquid is introduced for modification. The heterocyclic structure in the ionic liquid effectively improves the thermal stability of the retarder at high temperature, and the cationic and anionic groups in the structure further improve the adsorption performance of the retarder. The preparation process of the invention is simple, the price of the raw materials used is relatively low, the synthesized retarder is stable at high temperature, the thickening time can be adjusted according to its dosage, the influence on the strength of hardened cement stone is small, and it can meet the on-site construction requirements of dry hot rock geothermal well cementing .

Description

A high-temperature retarder for hot dry rock geothermal well cementing and its preparation method and application

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of cement retarder preparation, and in particular relates to a high-temperature retarder for hot dry rock geothermal well cementing, a preparation method and application thereof.

Background technique

Hot dry rock is a high-efficiency, low-carbon and clean geothermal resource recognized by the international community. It is a high-temperature rock mass with no water or little water buried several kilometers underground and with a temperature above 150 ° C. It contains huge heat energy. According to relevant literature reports, the thermal energy contained in hot dry rock at a depth of 3-10km in the earth's crust is equivalent to 30 times that of non-renewable resources such as global oil, natural gas and coal. According to data from the China Geological Administration and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, my country's land 3- The total energy storage of hot dry rock resources at 10km is equivalent to 865 trillion tons of standard coal, and the development of 2% is equivalent to thousands of times the total annual energy consumption in my country. Under the background of global warming and decreasing fossil energy, all countries in the world are actively looking for and developing new energy sources. my country has also proposed the dual carbon goal of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality". Accelerating the development and utilization of hot dry rock geothermal resources is an important measure to deal with energy and environmental problems, which will have a major impact on my country's energy pattern and bring great opportunities for local transformation and development.

Exploration and development of hot dry rock is a complex system engineering. In the actual development process, it faces many difficulties due to the difficulty of mining technology, low production of high-temperature fluids and harsh environmental requirements. The research and development of ultra-high temperature hot dry rock drilling technology, especially the practical cementing technology, is particularly critical to the entire mining process. In the hot dry rock geothermal cementing process, the cement slurry is first sent into the casing through the pump to reach the bottom of the well, and then returns to the wellhead through the annular space between the casing and the well wall. After solidification, the fluid flow between layers is isolated and the support The purpose of protecting the casing and protecting the production layer. However, when experiencing the high temperature environment at the bottom of the well during the submerged injection process, the cement slurry will quickly solidify and lose fluidity. Therefore, retarders must be added to inhibit cement hydration, delay setting time, change its fluidity, and keep the cement slurry in a pumpable state before reaching the designated position. As the drilling depth gets deeper and the bottom hole temperature gets higher and higher, the temperature resistance requirements for the retarder become more and more stringent.

-based fluid loss polymer in oil well cement[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2012,124(6):4772-4781.)以AMPS:IA＝1:0.32的物质的量比合成了耐高温缓凝剂AMPS-IA，可适用于200℃的高温。相关专利如步玉环等(CN200810160489.3)以N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺为溶剂，在过氧化苯甲酰引发剂条件下合成了AMPS-IA二元共聚物，给出了180℃的稠化数据，具有良好的抗盐抗钙性能。姜晓超等(CN20100570966.0)也以AMPS和IA为原料，在偶氮二异丁咪唑啉盐酸盐引发下合成了二元高温缓凝剂，可适用于230℃高温，但存在加量大的问题。可见，目前研发的缓凝剂使用温度上限普遍为180-200℃，少数200℃以上的存在高温下加量大，影响水泥石强度等问题。随着干热岩资源的加快开发，钻井日益趋向地下深层，其井底温度已经超过200℃。因此，为应对干热岩超高温固井条件下缓凝剂不稳定，发生断链或者降解等问题，避免现场施工中造成固井事故，抗高温缓凝剂的研制成为当务之急。At present, the types of retarders used at home and abroad mainly include lignosulfonates, hydroxycarboxylates, cellulose derivatives, sugar compounds, organic phosphonic acids and their salts, inorganic acids and their salts, etc., but these The application of retarders has their own limitations. The biggest problem is that they are sensitive to dosage, poor in temperature resistance, and the effect of single use is not good. Often it needs to be used in combination to achieve a better effect of temperature resistance and retardation. In comparison, polymer retarders with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) as the main monomer have good heat and salt resistance, are not sensitive to addition, and thicken with slowing time. The advantages of adjustable dosage of coagulant make it become a research hotspot at home and abroad in recent years. For example, AMPS-IA (itaconic acid), as a classic binary copolymer retarder system, has caused extensive research by many scholars at home and abroad because of its simple and easy-to-obtain raw materials. Su Rujun et al. (Research and Application of High Temperature Retarder GH-9[J]. Drilling Fluids and Completion Fluids, 2005, 22:89-92.) reported a high temperature cementing retarder AMPS-IA binary copolymerization Material GH-9, its use temperature range is 60-180 ℃. Zou Jianlong et al. (A new retarder suitable for long-sealing section cementing [J]. Drilling Fluid and Completion Fluid, 2011, 28 (S1): 10-12+82-83.) Using AMPS and IA as raw materials, A binary copolymer retarder BCR-220L was synthesized using a special process. Its operating temperature range is 70-180 ° C, and it is used well in many wells. Qi Zhigang et al. (Preparation and properties of itaconic acid/2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid binary copolymer oil well cement retarder[J]. Fine Petrochemical Industry, 2009,26(2):44-47) Also using AMPS and IA as raw materials to synthesize a binary copolymer retarder, its use temperature range is 120-180°C, the synthesized copolymer has excellent high-temperature retarding effect on cement slurry, and can obviously prolong the thickening of cement slurry time. Foreign Tiemeyer et al. (Tiemeyer C, Plank J. Working mechanism of a high temperature (200℃) synthetic cement retarder and its interaction with an

-based fluid loss polymer in oil well cement[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2012,124(6):4772-4781.) Synthesized a high temperature resistant retarded cement with the material ratio of AMPS:IA=1:0.32 Agent AMPS-IA, can be applied to high temperature of 200 ℃. Related patents such as Bu Yuhuan et al. (CN200810160489.3) used N,N-dimethylacrylamide as a solvent to synthesize AMPS-IA binary copolymer under the condition of benzoyl peroxide initiator, and gave a temperature of 180 ° C. Thickened data, with good anti-salt and anti-calcium properties. Jiang Xiaochao et al. (CN20100570966.0) also used AMPS and IA as raw materials to synthesize a binary high-temperature retarder under the trigger of azobisisobutylimidazoline hydrochloride, which can be applied to high temperatures of 230°C, but there is a large amount of question. It can be seen that the upper limit of the use temperature of the currently developed retarders is generally 180-200 °C, and a few of the retarders above 200 °C have problems such as large dosage at high temperature, which affects the strength of cement stone. With the accelerated development of hot dry rock resources, drilling tends to go deeper underground, and the bottom hole temperature has exceeded 200 °C. Therefore, in order to deal with the instability of the retarder under ultra-high temperature cementing conditions in hot dry rocks, chain breakage or degradation, and to avoid cementing accidents during on-site construction, the development of high-temperature resistant retarders has become a top priority.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the problems of current retarders such as poor temperature resistance, large dosage at high temperature, easy structural degradation, and impact on cement strength, the present invention uses common AMPS, IA and MA as raw materials, and simultaneously introduces ions with better thermal stability The liquid monomer provides a preparation method of the polymer retarder by innovating the synthesis process of the polymer retarder, which further improves the high temperature resistance of the existing retarder. This process can avoid the problem of easy self-polymerization of monomers in the synthesis process of the retarder. At the same time, the synthesis process is simple, and the synthesized retarder can be used directly without subsequent treatment. The amount of agent added has a linear relationship with the thickening time, which is easy to adjust and has little effect on the strength of hardened cement stone.

To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

The first aspect of the present invention provides a high-temperature retarder for hot dry rock geothermal well cementing, which is composed of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), Malay The aqueous solution of three polymerized monomers of acid (MA) and itaconic acid (IA) is an AMPS-IA-MA terpolymer retarder formed by free radical polymerization, or with the addition of ionic liquid, the 2- Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and itaconic acid (IA) two polymerized monomers are polymerized by free radicals, which is an AMPS-IA binary copolymer retarder.

Further, in the AMPS-IA-MA terpolymer retarder, AMPS accounts for 65-79% of the total molar weight of the monomers, IA accounts for 13-24% of the total molar weight of the monomers, and MA accounts for 8% of the total molar weight of the monomers. -11%; in the AMPS-IA binary copolymer retarder, AMPS accounts for 74-84% of the total molar weight of monomers, and IA accounts for 16-26% of the total molar weight of monomers.

The second aspect of the present invention provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned high-temperature retarder for hot dry rock geothermal well cementing, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: adding distilled water and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid monomer to 30wt% NaOH aqueous solution in sequence, and controlling the pH value of the solution to be 8-11 to obtain a neutralizing solution;

Step 2: Add vinylimidazole or allylimidazole ionic liquid to itaconic acid aqueous solution and mix uniformly to obtain solution A; or add vinylimidazole or allylimidazole ionic liquid to itaconic acid aqueous solution, and then add Reductant and mix uniformly to obtain solution B;

Step 3: Add solution A or solution B and initiator aqueous solution dropwise to the neutralizing solution successively, stir and heat the reaction, cool to room temperature after the reaction is completed, then add 30wt% NaOH solution to adjust the pH value of the solution to 5-7, namely Obtain the AMPS-IA binary copolymer retarder; Or add maleic acid aqueous solution to the neutralization solution, then dropwise add solution A or solution B, initiator aqueous solution, stir and heat, cool to room temperature after the reaction finishes, then Add 30wt% NaOH solution to adjust the pH value of the solution to 5-7 to obtain the AMPS-IA-MA terpolymer retarder.

Further, in the step 1, the method of adding AMPS monomer to a certain concentration of lye for neutralization is a reverse neutralization method. During neutralization, the solution temperature is controlled below 40 ° C, and the pH value is preferably controlled at 8-10 .

Further, the vinylimidazole ionic liquid is 1-vinyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate ([VMIM][BF4]), 1-vinyl-3-methylimidazole trifluoromethanesulfonate One or both of ([VMIM][Tfs]), 1-vinyl-3-methylimidazole tosylate ([VMIM][Ts]); the allyl imidazole ionic liquid is 1 -Allyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([AMIM][Br]), 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([AMIM][BF4]), 1-allyl One or both of the base-3-methylimidazole p-toluenesulfonate ([AMIM][Ts]). During the synthesis of polymer retarders, ionic liquids were introduced for modification. The heterocyclic structure in the ionic liquid effectively improves the thermal stability of the retarder at high temperature, and the cationic and anionic groups in the structure further improve the adsorption performance of the retarder. Since the polymerization reaction is an aqueous solution radical polymerization reaction, the vinylimidazole or allylimidazole ionic liquids selected in the present invention are all water-soluble ionic liquids. Considering the cost of ionic liquids, the ionic liquids used in the present invention are commercially available ionic liquids. sell goods.

Further, the initiator is one of ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, and sodium persulfate; the reducing agent is one of sodium bisulfite, sodium hypophosphite, and vitamin C.

Further, the concentration of the itaconic acid aqueous solution is 3-10wt%, the concentration of the maleic acid aqueous solution is 28-33wt%, and the concentration of the initiator aqueous solution is 15-21wt%.

Further, the mass of the vinylimidazole or allylimidazole ionic liquid accounts for 0.5-2.0% of the total mass of the three monomers; the mass of the initiator accounts for 5-10% of the total mass of the three monomers; In the case of a reducing agent, the mass ratio of the initiator to the reducing agent is (8-13):(1-2).

Further, in the step 3, the dropping time of solution A, solution B and the aqueous initiator solution are all controlled within 0.5-1 h.

Further, in the step 3, the reaction temperature is 50-80° C., and the reaction time is 2-3 hours.

The third aspect of the present invention provides the application of the above-mentioned high-temperature retarder for hot dry rock geothermal well cementing. The high-temperature retarder is applied in hot dry rock geothermal well cementing, and the use temperature range is 90-200°C.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

(1) The present invention synthesizes a high-temperature retarder applicable to hot dry rock geothermal well cementing by introducing an ionic liquid with good thermal stability during the synthetic process of the polymer retarder, which has excellent thermal stability and can Effectively deal with the problems such as the destruction of retarder structure, degradation and failure under high temperature conditions in hot dry rock cementing. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that the high-temperature retarder synthesized by the present invention does not show obvious thermal weight loss behavior until after 350°C.

(2) The present invention adopts the reverse neutralization mode of AMPS, which avoids the monomer self-polymerization phenomenon that occurs in the general neutralization process of AMPS, and the AMPS solution after neutralization can be placed for a long time, leaving enough space for mass production. time.

(3) The molecular weight of the retarder synthesized by the present invention is moderate, the molecular weight distribution is relatively narrow, the synthesis process is simple, the production cost is low, the product can be directly applied without post-treatment, and its service temperature range is 90-200 ° C, with good high temperature Retarding effect, and little effect on the strength of hardened cement stone.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the infrared spectrogram of the obtained copolymer retarder of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the gel chromatogram of the obtained copolymer retarder of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the thermogravimetric analysis figure of the obtained copolymer retarder of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the thickening curve of the cement slurry when the addition of retarder obtained in Example 1 is 2% under the condition of 180°C×30MPa according to the present invention.

Detailed ways

The following examples are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and specific operation processes are provided, but it does not limit the protection scope of the patent of the present invention. All technical solutions should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Preliminary determination of the molecular weight of the retarder: measure the outflow time of the copolymer liquid through the Tushi cup, and then calculate the kinetic viscosity of the retarder according to the conversion formula: kinematic viscosity γ=(t-6.0)/0.223mm ² /s, as the retarder The molecular weight of the agent is used as a reference (t is the outflow time).

Determination of the relative molecular weight of the retarder: all copolymer molecular weights in the following examples are accurately measured using a Waters1515 type gel chromatograph, and the test conditions are as follows:

Chromatographic column: one Ultrahydrogel 250 and two Ultrahydrogel 120 columns connected in series;

Detector: 2414 type RI differential refractive index detector;

Mobile phase: 0.1mol/L NaNO ₃ aqueous solution;

Mobile phase speed: 0.6mL/min;

The column temperature and detector temperature were both 40°C.

Evaluation method of setting retarder and test method of cement application performance: the evaluation method of retarder in all the following examples refers to the existing specified standards in oil well cement - the People's Republic of China Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry Standard SY/T5504.1-2013 " Evaluation Methods for Oil Well Cement Admixtures Part I: Retarders.

The preparation method of the cement slurry containing retarder in the following examples is: take cement consumption 600g in cement slurry as standard, take a certain amount of solid additive silicon powder and tackifier DFD respectively, and a certain amount of liquid additive ( Water loss reducer, stabilizer, defoamer and water reducing agent) and high temperature retarder, pour the above additives and cement into the mortar machine, add 270g of water, start the mortar machine and stir for 2min to obtain cement slurry.

Example 1

Weigh 4.2g itaconic acid (IA), add 49g distilled water, stir to make it dissolve completely; weigh 0.675g 1-vinyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and add it into itaconic acid aqueous solution, and mix Evenly, then add 0.25g of vitamin C and stir to dissolve; weigh 2g of maleic acid (MA), add 4g of distilled water and stir to dissolve; weigh 2.92g of NaS ₂ O ₈ , add 12.5g of distilled water and stir to dissolve. Prepare 30wt% NaOH aqueous solution, take 18.52g of the lye, add 24g of water, weigh 28g of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid monomer (AMPS) and slowly add it to the above lye for Neutralize to obtain a neutralizing solution with a pH value of 8. Place a 500mL three-necked flask in a water bath at 50°C, pour the above-mentioned AMPS neutralization solution and MA aqueous solution into the three-necked flask in turn, stir evenly, and drop the mixed solution containing itaconic acid, ionic liquid and reducing agent at the same time React with NaS ₂ O ₈ initiator aqueous solution, the dropping time is controlled at 0.5-1h, react at 50°C for 1h, then raise the temperature to 60°C for another 1h, and then cool to room temperature in a 25°C water bath to obtain a polymer retarder As for the liquid product, its viscosity is tested with a Tucker cup, and then the pH value of the solution is adjusted to 5-7 with 30wt% NaOH solution to obtain the AMPS-IA-MA terpolymer retarder.

Fig. 1 is the infrared spectrogram of the copolymer retarder prepared in embodiment 1. In the figure, the absorption peak at 3324cm ^-1 is the stretching vibration peak of -NH in AMPS, the absorption peak at 1658cm ^-1 is the C=O stretching vibration peak of amide group in AMPS, and the absorption peak at 1043cm ^-1 is the stretching vibration peak of _-SO in AMPS Asymmetric stretching vibration peaks, the SO vibration peak in _-SO3 at 624cm ^-1 ; the strong absorption peak at 1538cm ^-1 and the weak absorption peak at 1720cm ^-1 correspond to the carboxyl and -C=O vibrations in IA, respectively Absorption peaks, stretching vibrations of -CH ₃ and -CH ₂ at 2935cm ^-1 and 2975cm ^-1 , bending vibrations of -CH ₃ and -CH ₂ at 1452cm ^-1 and 1390cm ^-1 , strong absorption at 1183cm ^-1 The peak is the stretching vibration of CO in the carboxylic acid group of maleic acid. There is no characteristic peak related to ionic liquid detected in the infrared image, which may be related to the small addition amount. In addition, there is no C=C feature at 1620-1635cm ^-1 peak, indicating that each monomer participated in the reaction.

Fig. 2 is the gel chromatogram of the retarder prepared in Example 1, the molecular weight distribution of the polymer is narrower, there are few by-products, and the yield of the target product is higher.

Fig. 3 is the thermogravimetric analysis diagram of the retarder prepared in Example 1. It can be seen from the diagram that the curve is stable before 350 ° C. Due to bound water, free water and small molecular impurities, the weight loss rate at this stage is 7.35%. , after 350°C, there is an obvious weight loss step in the curve, the mass loss is large, and the weight loss rate is 34.74%, indicating that the main chain of the polymer begins to degrade, so the polymer has good thermal stability below 350°C.

Example 2

Weigh 4.2g of IA, add 49g of distilled water, stir to dissolve it completely; weigh 0.475g of 1-allyl-3-methylimidazole p-toluenesulfonate and add it to the dissolved itaconic acid aqueous solution, and mix well; Weigh 2.482g NaS ₂ O ₈ , add 12.5g distilled water and stir to dissolve. Prepare a 30wt% NaOH solution, take 18.52g of the lye, add 24g of distilled water, weigh 28g of AMPS and slowly add it to the lye for neutralization, and obtain a pH value of 8 in the neutralized solution. Put a 500mL three-necked flask in a water bath at 70°C, pour the AMPS neutralization solution into the three-necked flask, stir evenly, and add the mixed solution containing itaconic acid and ionic liquid and NaS ₂ O ₈ initiator dropwise at the same time The aqueous solution is reacted, and the dropping time is controlled at 0.5-1h. After reacting at 70°C for 1h, the temperature is raised to 80°C for another 1h, and then cooled to room temperature in a 25°C water bath to obtain a polymer retarder liquid product. Test its viscosity, and then use 30wt% NaOH solution to adjust the pH value of the solution to 5-7 to obtain the AMPS-IA binary copolymer retarder.

Example 3-9

The steps of Examples 3-9 are basically the same as those of Example 1, except that the monomer ratio, initiator and ionic liquid type are different to obtain retarders respectively. The specific reaction conditions are shown in Table 1.

Comparative example 1

In this comparative example, the AMPS-IA-MA terpolymer is a retarder synthesized without adding an ionic liquid, and other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

Comparative example 2

In this comparative example, the AMPS-IA binary copolymer is a retarder synthesized when no ionic liquid is added, and other conditions are the same as in Example 2.

Table 1 Reaction substance consumption and reaction condition table

Example 10

All the examples in the present invention were subjected to thickening experiments. The test methods were carried out with reference to the national standard of the People's Republic of China GB/T 19139-2012 "Experimental Methods for Oil Well Cement". The results are shown in Table 2.

The thickening experiment result of above each embodiment gained retarder of table 2

The cement used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and ordinary PO 42.5 Portland cement can be used. BWOC refers to the mass fraction of retarder in cement. The cement slurry formula in the present invention is PO 42.5 cement 600g+H ₂ O 240g+retarder x g+water loss reducer 27.5g+defoamer 4g+stabilizer 9g+DFD 2g+water reducer 12g+silica powder 95g, wherein the water loss reducer and stabilizer are made in the laboratory, defoamer, water reducer, tackifier DFD and silicon powder are purchased from commercially available products.

As can be seen from Table 2, the retarder prepared by the present invention has a good retarding effect at high temperature, and the thickening time of the sample added with ionic liquid is significantly higher than that of other samples without adding it, due to its good stability at high temperature, The thickening time of all samples is kept at about 3 hours, which can meet the performance requirements of actual hot dry rock geothermal cementing slurry. At the same time, the thickening time increases with the increase in the amount of retarder, and the strength of the cement slurry added with retarder at 90°C and 180°C for 24 hours meets the 14MPa required by the oil well cement standard. Figure 4 shows the results obtained in Example 1 The thickening curve of the product at 180°C, the temperature and pressure curves are generally smooth, the thickening curve has no huge steps and core wrapping phenomenon, the overall consistency remains stable, and the transition is basically at a right angle.

The above embodiments are the embodiment of specific preferred examples of the idea of the present invention. It should be noted that, without departing from the precursor of the idea and principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can implement modifications to the embodiments of the present invention. It should also be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A high-temperature retarder for hot dry rock geothermal well cementing, characterized in that: the high-temperature retarder is made of 2-acrylamide-2 under the addition of vinylimidazole or allylimidazole ionic liquid - AMPS-IA-MA terpolymer retarder formed by free radical polymerization of the aqueous solution of three polymerized monomers of methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), maleic acid (MA) and itaconic acid (IA), Or with the addition of ionic liquids, the AMPS-IA binary polymer is formed by free radical polymerization of two polymerized monomers, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and itaconic acid (IA). Copolymer retarder; In the AMP-SIA-MA terpolymer retarder, AMPS accounts for 65-79% of the total molar weight of the monomers, IA accounts for 13-24% of the total molar weight of the monomers, and MA accounts for 8% of the total molar weight of the monomers. -11%; in the AMPS-IA binary copolymer retarder, AMPS accounts for 74-84% of the total molar weight of monomers, and IA accounts for 16-26% of the total molar weight of monomers; The mass of the vinylimidazole or allylimidazole ionic liquid accounts for 0.5-2.0% of the total mass of the three monomers; The mass of the vinylimidazole or allylimidazole ionic liquid accounts for 1.48% of the total mass of the two monomers. 2. a preparation method for hot dry rock geothermal well cementing high-temperature retarder according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: Step 1: adding distilled water and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid monomer to 30wt% NaOH aqueous solution in sequence, and controlling the pH value of the solution to be 8-11 to obtain a neutralizing solution; Step 2: Add vinylimidazole or allylimidazole ionic liquid to itaconic acid aqueous solution and mix uniformly to obtain solution A; or add vinylimidazole or allylimidazole ionic liquid to itaconic acid aqueous solution, and then Add reducing agent and mix well to obtain solution B; Step 3: Add solution A or solution B and initiator aqueous solution dropwise to the neutralizing solution successively, stir and heat the reaction, cool to room temperature after the reaction is completed, then add 30wt% NaOH solution to adjust the pH value of the solution to 5-7, namely Obtain the AMPS-IA binary copolymer retarder; Or add maleic acid aqueous solution to the neutralization solution, then dropwise add solution A or solution B, initiator aqueous solution, stir and heat, cool to room temperature after the reaction finishes, then Add 30wt% NaOH solution to adjust the pH value of the solution to 5-7 to obtain the AMPS-IA-MA terpolymer retarder. 3. a kind of preparation method for preparing hot dry rock geothermal well cementing high temperature retarder according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described vinylimidazole ionic liquid is 1-vinyl-3-methylimidazole tetra One or both of fluoroborate, 1-vinyl-3-methylimidazole trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-vinyl-3-methylimidazole p-toluenesulfonate; the allyl Imidazole ionic liquids are 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium p-toluenesulfonic acid one or both of the salts. 4. a kind of preparation method of preparing hot dry rock geothermal well cementing high-temperature retarder according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described initiator is one of ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate species; the reducing agent is one of sodium bisulfite, sodium hypophosphite and vitamin C. 5. a kind of preparation method for preparing hot dry rock geothermal well cementing high-temperature retarder according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the concentration of described itaconic acid aqueous solution is 3-10wt%, and the concentration of maleic acid aqueous solution The concentration is 28-33wt%, and the concentration of the initiator aqueous solution is 15-21wt%. 6. a kind of preparation method for preparing hot dry rock geothermal well cementing high-temperature retarder according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the quality of described initiator accounts for 5-10% of three kinds of monomer total mass; In the case of adding a reducing agent, the mass ratio of the initiator to the reducing agent is (8-13):(1-2). 7. a kind of preparation method for preparing hot dry rock geothermal well cementing high-temperature retarder according to claim 2, is characterized in that, in the described step 3, the dropping time of solution A, solution B and initiator aqueous solution is equal to Controlled at 0.5-1h. 8. A method for preparing a high-temperature retarder for hot dry rock geothermal well cementing according to claim 2, characterized in that, in the step 3, the reaction temperature is 50-80°C, and the reaction time is 2-3h . 9. The application of the high-temperature retarder for hot dry rock geothermal well cementing according to claim 1, characterized in that it is applied in hot dry rock geothermal well cementing, and the operating temperature range is 90-200°C.

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