CN114309534A - Die-casting die and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Die-casting die and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 158
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910020220 Pb—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a die-casting die and a preparation method thereof, wherein a sandwich layer, a reinforcing layer and a surface layer are cladded on a steel substrate layer, so that the preparation cost is ensured, and the thermal fatigue resistance, the thermal conductivity, the wear resistance, the corrosion resistance and the high-temperature mechanical property of the whole die-casting die can be enhanced. The invention optimizes the components of the sandwich layer, the reinforcing layer and the surface layer, so that the interlayer melting point and the linear expansion coefficient are closer, the tendency of interface unfused and cracking is reduced, and the service life of the die-casting mould is prolonged. In addition, the hardness of the steel substrate layer, the sandwich layer, the reinforcing layer and the surface layer is sequentially increased, so that the die-casting die has an excellent supporting effect, and meanwhile, the high-temperature resistance, the toughness and the crack resistance are increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of die-casting die materials, in particular to a die-casting die and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The die casting production is a process of injecting liquid metal into a die casting mold under a high pressure state and cooling and solidifying. It features that high pressure is applied to molten metal by mould cavity, and the die-cast metal mainly contains Zn, Cu, Al, Mg, Pb, Sn and Pb-Sn alloy. In the product forming process, the die is periodically heated and cooled, is subjected to the erosion and corrosion of hot metal sprayed at high speed, bears the loads of impact, vibration, friction, high pressure, stretching, bending and the like, works at a high temperature, has complex working conditions, and also has the problems of easy occurrence of die surface cracking, severe plastic deformation, wear failure and the like, thereby causing the reduction of the service life of the die. The die-casting die in the prior art is obtained by H13 steel forging combined with machining and then combined with surface strengthening for treatment, but the die-casting die obtained by the production method has thermal fatigue resistance, thermal conductivity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and high-temperature mechanical property which can not meet the use requirements.
In summary, there still remains a need to solve the above problems in the art of preparing compression molds.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, in order to solve the problem that the thermal fatigue resistance, the thermal conductivity, the wear resistance, the corrosion resistance and the high-temperature mechanical property in the prior art can not meet the use requirements, the invention provides a die-casting die, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
a die-casting die comprises a steel substrate layer, a sandwich layer, a reinforcing layer and a surface layer, wherein the steel substrate layer, the sandwich layer, the reinforcing layer and the surface layer are sequentially connected; wherein,
according to the mass percentage, the sandwich layer is obtained by cladding first Ni alloy powder, and the first Ni alloy powder comprises the following chemical elements: less than 0.1 percent of C, less than 0.5 percent of Cr, 2.0 to 3.0 percent of Si, 1.0 to 1.3 percent of B, less than 5.0 percent of Fe, the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities;
according to the mass percentage, the reinforcing layer is obtained by cladding second Ni alloy powder, and the second Ni alloy powder comprises the following chemical elements: 0.32-0.45% of C, 0.8-1.2% of Si, 0.2-0.5% of Mn, 4.75-5.5% of Cr, 1.1-1.75% of Mo1, 0.8-1.2% of V, less than or equal to 0.03% of P, less than or equal to 0.03% of S, the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities;
according to the mass percentage, the surface layer is obtained by cladding third Ni alloy powder, and the third Ni alloy powder comprises the following chemical elements: 0.7 to 1.1 percent of C, 3.0 to 4.0 percent of P, 3.5 to 5.0 percent of Si, 15 to 17 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 5 percent of Fe, the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities.
Further, the steel substrate layer comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass:
0.1 to 0.15 percent of C, 10 to 15 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.60 percent of Si, the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the die-casting die, which comprises the following steps:
carrying out structural design on the die-casting mold;
obtaining performance parameters of a steel substrate layer, a sandwich layer, a reinforcing layer and a surface layer of the die-casting mould;
analyzing a temperature field, a stress field and load distribution of the die-casting die under the working condition, and determining the thickness of the sandwich layer, the thickness of the reinforcing layer and the thickness of the surface layer;
casting a steel substrate layer, and pretreating the steel substrate layer;
cladding the sandwich layer on the steel substrate layer under a first cladding condition;
cladding the reinforcing layer on the sandwich layer under a second cladding condition;
cladding the surface layer on the reinforcing layer under a third cladding condition;
and after annealing treatment, machining to obtain the die-casting die.
Further, the performance parameters include tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and impact toughness of the steel substrate layer.
Further, the performance parameters further include a deposition hardness of the sandwich layer, a deposition hardness of the reinforcement layer, and a deposition hardness of the surface layer.
Further, the thickness of the sandwich layer is 1.2mm-3mm, the thickness of the reinforcing layer is 10mm-20mm, and the thickness of the surface layer is 1.2mm-3 mm.
Further, the first cladding condition is as follows: the power is 1300W-1600W, the scanning speed is 250mm/min-550mm/min, the powder feeding amount is 0.8r/min-1.2r/min, the gas carrying amount is 4L/min, the light spot size is 1mm-2mm, and the shielding gas flow is 15L/min.
Further, the second cladding condition is: the power is 1200W, the scanning speed is 550mm/min-600mm/min, the powder feeding amount is 1.1r/min, the gas carrying amount is 4L/min, the spot size is 1mm-2mm, and the flow of the protective gas is 15L/min.
Further, the third cladding condition is: the power is 1400W-1900W, the scanning speed is 250mm/min-600mm/min, the powder feeding amount is 0.8-1.1r/min, the gas carrying amount is 3-4L/min, the spot size is 1mm-2mm, and the flow of the protective gas is 15L/min.
Further, the conditions of the annealing treatment are as follows: the temperature is 600 ℃ and the time is 2 h.
According to the scheme, the sandwich layer, the reinforcing layer and the surface layer are cladded on the steel substrate layer, so that the preparation cost is ensured, and the overall thermal fatigue resistance, thermal conductivity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and high-temperature mechanical property of the die-casting mold can be enhanced. The invention optimizes the components of the sandwich layer, the reinforcing layer and the surface layer, so that the interlayer melting point and the linear expansion coefficient are closer, the tendency of interface unfused and cracking is reduced, and the service life of the die-casting mould is prolonged. In addition, the hardness of the steel substrate layer, the sandwich layer, the reinforcing layer and the surface layer is sequentially increased, so that the die-casting die has an excellent supporting effect, and meanwhile, the high-temperature resistance, the toughness and the crack resistance are increased.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a die casting mold in embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a die-casting mold clad product in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-a steel substrate layer; 2-a sandwich layer; 3-reinforcing layer; 4-surface layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to embodiments thereof. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the scope of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The die-casting die comprises a steel substrate layer, a sandwich layer, a reinforcing layer and a surface layer, wherein the steel substrate layer, the sandwich layer, the reinforcing layer and the surface layer are sequentially connected; wherein,
according to the mass percentage, the sandwich layer is obtained by cladding first Ni alloy powder, and the first Ni alloy powder comprises the following chemical elements: less than 0.1 percent of C, less than 0.5 percent of Cr, 2.0 to 3.0 percent of Si, 1.0 to 1.3 percent of B, less than 5.0 percent of Fe, the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities;
according to the mass percentage, the reinforcing layer is obtained by cladding second Ni alloy powder, and the second Ni alloy powder comprises the following chemical elements: 0.32-0.45% of C, 0.8-1.2% of Si, 0.2-0.5% of Mn, 4.75-5.5% of Cr, 1.1-1.75% of Mo1, 0.8-1.2% of V, less than or equal to 0.03% of P, less than or equal to 0.03% of S, the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities;
according to the mass percentage, the surface layer is obtained by cladding third Ni alloy powder, and the third Ni alloy powder comprises the following chemical elements: 0.7 to 1.1 percent of C, 3.0 to 4.0 percent of P, 3.5 to 5.0 percent of Si, 15 to 17 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 5 percent of Fe, the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities.
In one embodiment, the steel substrate layer comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 0.1 to 0.15 percent of C, 10 to 15 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.60 percent of Si, the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
In one embodiment, a method for preparing a die casting mold comprises the following steps:
carrying out structural design on the die-casting mold;
obtaining performance parameters of a steel base material layer 1, a sandwich layer 2, a reinforcing layer 3 and a surface layer 4 of the die-casting die;
analyzing a temperature field, a stress field and load distribution of the die-casting mould under the working condition, and determining the thickness of the sandwich layer 2, the thickness of the reinforcing layer 3 and the thickness of the surface layer 4;
casting a steel substrate layer, and pretreating the steel substrate layer 1;
cladding the sandwich layer 2 on the steel substrate layer 1 under a first cladding condition;
cladding the reinforcing layer 3 on the sandwich layer 2 under a second cladding condition;
cladding the surface layer 4 on the reinforcing layer 3 under a third cladding condition;
and after annealing treatment, machining to obtain the die-casting die.
In one embodiment, the performance parameters include tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and impact toughness of the steel substrate layer 1.
In one embodiment, the performance parameters further include the deposition hardness of the sandwich layer 2, the deposition hardness of the reinforcement layer 3 and the deposition hardness of the surface layer 4.
In one embodiment, the thickness of the sandwich layer 2 is 1.2mm-3mm, the thickness of the reinforcing layer 3 is 10mm-20mm, and the thickness of the surface layer 4 is 1.2mm-3 mm.
In one embodiment, the pre-processing is: cleaning and drying the surface of the steel base material layer, and keeping the temperature at 100-300 ℃ for later use.
In one embodiment, the particle sizes of the first Ni alloy powder, the second Ni alloy powder, and the third Ni alloy powder are each 50 μm to 150 μm.
In one embodiment, the cast steel substrate layer is: according to the composition ratio of the cast steel substrate layer 1, adding ferrosilicon, ferromanganese and ferrochrome into blast furnace molten iron, when the temperature of refined molten steel reaches 1350-1510 ℃, directly casting the refined molten steel into a casting, cooling to 750-800 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 1-2 h, taking out of the furnace after the temperature of the furnace is lower than 150 ℃ and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the steel substrate layer 1.
In one embodiment, the first cladding condition is: the power is 1300-1600W, the scanning speed is 250-550 mm/min, the powder feeding amount is 0.8-1.2 r/min, the gas carrying amount is 4L/min, the light spot size is 1-2 mm, and the flow of the protective gas is 15L/min.
In one embodiment, the second cladding condition is: the power is 1200W, the scanning speed is 550mm/min-600mm/min, the powder feeding amount is 1.1r/min, the gas carrying amount is 4L/min, the spot size is 1mm-2mm, and the flow of the protective gas is 15L/min.
In one embodiment, the third cladding condition is: the power is 1400W-1900W, the scanning speed is 250mm/min-600mm/min, the powder feeding amount is 0.8-1.1r/min, the gas carrying amount is 3-4L/min, the spot size is 1mm-2mm, and the flow of the protective gas is 15L/min.
In one embodiment, the annealing conditions are as follows: the temperature is 600 ℃ and the time is 2 h.
In one embodiment, the first cladding condition, the second cladding condition and the third cladding condition further include ultrasonic vibration, the power of the ultrasonic vibration is 1000W, and the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration is 20 KHz.
In the scheme, the sandwich layer 2, the reinforcing layer 3 and the surface layer 4 are cladded on the steel base material layer 1, so that the preparation components are ensured, and the integral thermal fatigue resistance, thermal conductivity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and high-temperature mechanical property of the die-casting mold can be enhanced. The invention optimizes the components of the sandwich layer 2, the reinforcing layer 3 and the surface layer 4, so that the interlayer melting point and the linear expansion coefficient are closer, the tendency of unfused and cracked interfaces is reduced, and the service life of the die-casting mould is prolonged. In addition, the hardness of the steel base material layer 1, the sandwich layer 2, the reinforcing layer 3 and the surface layer 4 is sequentially increased, so that the die-casting die has an excellent supporting function, and the high-temperature resistance, the toughness and the crack resistance are increased. Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
a preparation method of a die-casting die comprises the following steps:
carrying out structural design on a die-casting die to obtain the die-casting die which comprises a steel substrate layer 1, a sandwich layer 2, a reinforcing layer 3 and a surface layer 4;
obtaining performance parameters of a steel base material layer 1, a sandwich layer 2, a reinforcing layer 3 and a surface layer 4 of the die-casting die;
analyzing a temperature field, a stress field and load distribution of the die-casting die under the working condition, and determining that the thickness of the sandwich layer 2 is 1.2mm, the thickness of the reinforcing layer 3 is 10mm and the thickness of the surface layer 4 is 1.2 mm;
adding ferrosilicon, ferromanganese and ferrochrome into blast furnace molten iron according to the composition proportion of the cast steel substrate layer 1, directly casting refined molten steel into a casting when the temperature of the refined molten steel reaches 1350 ℃, cooling the casting to 750 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 1h, taking the casting out of the furnace after the temperature of the furnace is cooled to be lower than 150 ℃, air-cooling the casting to room temperature, heating the steel substrate layer to 300 ℃, and preserving heat at 300 ℃ for later use;
cladding the first Ni alloy powder on the steel substrate layer 1 under cladding conditions of 1600W of power, 550mm/min of scanning speed, 1.2r/min of powder feeding amount, 4L/min of gas carrying amount, 2mm of light spot size and 15L/min of protective gas flow rate, and under conditions of 1000W of power of ultrasonic vibration and 20KHz of frequency of ultrasonic vibration, so as to obtain a sandwich layer 2 with the thickness of 1.2 mm;
cladding second Ni alloy powder on the sandwich layer 2 under cladding conditions of 1200W of power, 600mm/min of scanning speed, 1.1r/min of powder feeding amount, 4L/min of gas carrying amount, 2mm of light spot size and 15L/min of protective gas flow rate and under conditions of 1000W of power of ultrasonic vibration and 20KHz of frequency of ultrasonic vibration to obtain a reinforcing layer 3 with the thickness of 10 mm;
cladding third Ni alloy powder on the reinforcing layer 3 under cladding conditions of power of 1900W, scanning speed of 600mm/min, powder feeding amount of 1.1r/min, gas carrying amount of 4L/min, light spot size of 2mm and shielding gas flow of 15L/min, and under conditions of both power of ultrasonic vibration of 1000W and frequency of ultrasonic vibration of 20KHz, and obtaining a surface layer 4 with thickness of 1.2 mm;
and after finishing cladding treatment, annealing for 2 hours at the temperature of 600 ℃, and then machining to obtain the die-casting die.
The first Ni alloy powder in example 1 includes the following chemical elements in mass percent: 0.05% of C, 0.3% of Cr, 3.0% of Si, 1.3% of B, 3.0% of Fe, the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities; the second Ni alloy powder includes the following chemical elements: 0.45% of C, 1.2% of Si, 0.4% of Mn, 5.2% of Cr, 1.75% of Mo, 1.1% of V, 0.02% of P, 0.03% of S, the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities; the third Ni alloy powder includes the following chemical elements: 1.1% of C, 4.0% of P, 5.0% of Si, 15% of Cr, 4% of Fe, the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities.
Example 2:
a preparation method of a die-casting die comprises the following steps:
carrying out structural design on a die-casting die to obtain the die-casting die which comprises a steel substrate layer 1, a sandwich layer 2, a reinforcing layer 3 and a surface layer 4;
obtaining performance parameters of a steel base material layer 1, a sandwich layer 2, a reinforcing layer 3 and a surface layer 4 of the die-casting die;
analyzing a temperature field, a stress field and load distribution of the die-casting die under the working condition, and determining that the thickness of the sandwich layer 2 is 3mm, the thickness of the reinforcing layer 3 is 12mm and the thickness of the surface layer 4 is 3 mm;
adding ferrosilicon, ferromanganese and ferrochrome into blast furnace molten iron according to the composition proportion of the cast steel substrate layer 1, directly casting refined molten steel into a casting when the temperature of the refined molten steel reaches 1510 ℃, cooling to 800 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 2 hours, taking the casting out of the furnace after the temperature of the furnace is cooled to be lower than 150 ℃, air-cooling to room temperature, heating the steel substrate layer to 300 ℃, preserving heat at 300 ℃ for later use;
cladding the first Ni alloy powder on the steel substrate layer 1 under cladding conditions of 1600W of power, 300mm/min of scanning speed, 1.2r/min of powder feeding amount, 4L/min of gas carrying amount, 1mm of light spot size and 15L/min of protective gas flow rate, and under conditions of 1000W of power of ultrasonic vibration and 20KHz of frequency of ultrasonic vibration, and obtaining a sandwich layer 2 with the thickness of 3 mm;
cladding second Ni alloy powder on the sandwich layer 2 under cladding conditions of 1200W of power, 550mm/min of scanning speed, 1.1r/min of powder feeding amount, 4L/min of gas carrying amount, 1mm of light spot size and 15L/min of protective gas flow rate and under conditions of 1000W of power of ultrasonic vibration and 20KHz of frequency of ultrasonic vibration to obtain a reinforcing layer 3 with the thickness of 12 mm;
cladding third Ni alloy powder on the reinforcing layer 3 under cladding conditions of 1500W of power, 600mm/min of scanning speed, 1.1r/min of powder feeding amount, 4L/min of gas carrying amount, 1mm of light spot size and 15L/min of protective gas flow rate, and under conditions of 1000W of power of ultrasonic vibration and 20KHz of frequency of ultrasonic vibration, and obtaining a surface layer 4 with the thickness of 3 mm;
and after finishing cladding treatment, annealing for 2 hours at the temperature of 600 ℃, and then machining to obtain the die-casting die.
The first Ni alloy powder in example 2 includes the following chemical elements in mass percent: 0.05% of C, 0.4% of Cr, 2.0% of Si, 1.0% of B, 3.0% of Fe, the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities; the second Ni alloy powder includes the following chemical elements: 0.32% of C, 0.8% of Si, 0.2% of Mn, 4.75% of Cr, 1.1% of Mo1, 0.8% of V, 0.03% of P, 0.03% of S, the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities; the third Ni alloy powder includes the following chemical elements: 1.1% of C, 3.0% of P, 3.5% of Si, 15% of Cr, 4% of Fe, the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities.
Example 3:
a preparation method of a die-casting die comprises the following steps:
carrying out structural design on a die-casting die to obtain the die-casting die which comprises a steel substrate layer 1, a sandwich layer 2, a reinforcing layer 3 and a surface layer 4;
obtaining performance parameters of a steel base material layer 1, a sandwich layer 2, a reinforcing layer 3 and a surface layer 4 of the die-casting die;
analyzing a temperature field, a stress field and load distribution of the die-casting die under the working condition, and determining that the thickness of the sandwich layer 2 is 1.5mm, the thickness of the reinforcing layer 3 is 20mm and the thickness of the surface layer 4 is 1.5 mm;
adding ferrosilicon, ferromanganese and ferrochrome into blast furnace molten iron according to the composition proportion of the cast steel substrate layer 1, directly casting the refined molten steel into a casting when the temperature of the refined molten steel reaches 1350 ℃, cooling the casting to 750 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 1h, taking the casting out of the furnace after the temperature of the furnace is cooled to be lower than 150 ℃, air-cooling the casting to room temperature, heating the steel substrate layer 1 to 200 ℃, and preserving heat at 200 ℃ for later use;
cladding the first Ni alloy powder on the steel substrate layer 1 under cladding conditions of 1600W of power, 450mm/min of scanning speed, 1.2r/min of powder feeding amount, 4L/min of gas carrying amount, 2mm of light spot size and 15L/min of protective gas flow rate, and under conditions of 1000W of power of ultrasonic vibration and 20KHz of frequency of ultrasonic vibration, and obtaining a sandwich layer 2 with the thickness of 1.5 mm;
cladding second Ni alloy powder on the sandwich layer 2 under cladding conditions of 1200W of power, 550mm/min of scanning speed, 1.1r/min of powder feeding amount, 4L/min of gas carrying amount, 2mm of light spot size and 15L/min of protective gas flow rate and under conditions of 1000W of power of ultrasonic vibration and 20KHz of frequency of ultrasonic vibration to obtain a reinforcing layer 3 with the thickness of 20 mm;
cladding third Ni alloy powder on the reinforcing layer 3 under cladding conditions of 1500W of power, 450mm/min of scanning speed, 1.0r/min of powder feeding amount, 4L/min of gas carrying amount, 2mm of light spot size and 15L/min of protective gas flow rate, and under conditions of 1000W of power of ultrasonic vibration and 20KHz of frequency of ultrasonic vibration, and obtaining a surface layer 4 with the thickness of 1.5 mm;
and after finishing cladding treatment, annealing for 2 hours at the temperature of 600 ℃, and then machining to obtain the die-casting die.
The first Ni alloy powder in example 1 includes the following chemical elements in mass percent: 0.05% of C, 0.4% of Cr, 2.5% of Si, 1.3% of B, 3.0% of Fe, the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities; the second Ni alloy powder includes the following chemical elements: 0.45% of C, 1.2% of Si, 0.4% of Mn, 5.5% of Cr, 1.2% of Mo, 1.2% of V, 0.03% of P, 0.03% of S, the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities; the third Ni alloy powder includes the following chemical elements: 1.1% of C, 4.0% of P, 5.0% of Si, 17% of Cr, 5% of Fe, the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities.
Comparative examples 1 to 3:
different from example 3, the steel substrate layer is clad with different components, and the specific structure is shown in table 1.
Comparative examples 4 to 8:
the difference from example 3 is only that the structure of the die casting mold obtained was designed differently, as shown in table 2.
Comparative example 9:
the die casting mold in comparative example 9 was prepared using a conventional H13 steel material.
Table 1:
table 2:
the samples of examples 1 to 3 and the comparative samples of comparative examples 4 to 9 were subjected to a surface hardness test (HRC) by: GB/T230.1-2018, the results are shown in Table 3 below.
Table 3:
as can be seen from the data analysis in table 3, the die-casting mold obtained in the present application has excellent surface hardness and can better meet the use requirement, and as can be seen from comparison between example 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3, the clad metal powder can play an obvious role in preparing the surface hardness of the die-casting mold, and the optimized first Ni alloy powder, second Ni alloy powder and third Ni alloy powder in the present application are more helpful for obtaining more excellent use hardness.
The samples of examples 1-3 and the comparative samples of comparative examples 1-9 were tested for tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and work-to-impact. The results are shown in Table 4 below.
Table 4:
the data analysis of the table 4 shows that the die-casting die prepared by the method has obvious crack resistance, and the analysis of the table 3 shows that the die-casting die can ensure the impact property while ensuring the use hardness. Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a die-casting mold in embodiment 3 of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic view of a die-casting mold in embodiment 3 of the present invention after cladding, and it can be seen from fig. 1 that the die-casting mold of the present invention claddes a sandwich layer, a reinforcing layer, and a surface layer on a steel substrate layer. Fig. 2 illustrates that the method of the present application is highly operable, by means of which the die-casting mold of the present application can be obtained.
In addition, the sample of example 3 and the comparative sample of comparative example 9 were subjected to application tests, and the die-casting mold of example 3 and the medium-pressure casting mold of comparative example 9 were used to produce titanium alloy forgings on 8 ten thousand ton presses for 5 batches, respectively, and the results showed that the mold base did not deform and crack, and after one month of use, the surface of the medium-pressure casting mold of comparative example 9 cracked and severely worn, which indicated a tendency to scrap, while the die-casting mold of example 3 still had excellent service performance.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The die-casting die is characterized by comprising a steel substrate layer, a sandwich layer, a reinforcing layer and a surface layer, wherein the steel substrate layer, the sandwich layer, the reinforcing layer and the surface layer are sequentially connected; wherein,
according to the mass percentage, the sandwich layer is obtained by cladding first Ni alloy powder, and the first Ni alloy powder comprises the following chemical elements: less than 0.1 percent of C, less than 0.5 percent of Cr, 2.0 to 3.0 percent of Si, 1.0 to 1.3 percent of B, less than 5.0 percent of Fe, the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities;
according to the mass percentage, the reinforcing layer is obtained by cladding second Ni alloy powder, and the second Ni alloy powder comprises the following chemical elements: 0.32-0.45% of C, 0.8-1.2% of Si, 0.2-0.5% of Mn0.75-5.5% of Cr, 1.1-1.75% of Mo1, 0.8-1.2% of V, less than or equal to 0.03% of P, less than or equal to 0.03% of S, the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities;
according to the mass percentage, the surface layer is obtained by cladding third Ni alloy powder, and the third Ni alloy powder comprises the following chemical elements: 0.7 to 1.1 percent of C, 3.0 to 4.0 percent of P, 3.5 to 5.0 percent of Si, 15 to 17 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 5 percent of Fe, the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities.
2. The die-casting die as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steel substrate layer comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 0.1 to 0.15 percent of C, 10 to 15 percent of Cr, and less than or equal to Mn
0.10 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.60 percent of Si, the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
3. A method for preparing a die-casting mould, characterized in that it is used for preparing a die-casting mould according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the following steps:
carrying out structural design on the die-casting mold;
obtaining performance parameters of a steel substrate layer, a sandwich layer, a reinforcing layer and a surface layer of the die-casting mould;
analyzing a temperature field, a stress field and load distribution of the die-casting die under the working condition, and determining the thickness of the sandwich layer, the thickness of the reinforcing layer and the thickness of the surface layer;
casting a steel substrate layer, and pretreating the steel substrate layer;
cladding the sandwich layer on the steel substrate layer under a first cladding condition;
cladding the reinforcing layer on the sandwich layer under a second cladding condition;
cladding the surface layer on the reinforcing layer under a third cladding condition;
and after annealing treatment, machining to obtain the die-casting die.
4. A method of making a die casting mould as claimed in claim 3 wherein the performance parameters include tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and impact toughness of the steel substrate layer.
5. A method of manufacturing a die-casting mould as claimed in claim 4, wherein the performance parameters further include the deposited hardness of the sandwich layer, the deposited hardness of the reinforcement layer and the deposited hardness of the surface layer.
6. The method for manufacturing a die casting mold as claimed in claim 3, wherein the thickness of the sandwich layer is 1.2mm to 3mm, the thickness of the reinforcing layer is 10mm to 20mm, and the thickness of the surface layer is 1.2mm to 3 mm.
7. The method for preparing a die casting mold according to claim 3, wherein the first cladding condition is: the power is 1300W-1600W, the scanning speed is 250mm/min-550mm/min, the powder feeding amount is 0.8r/min-1.2r/min, the gas carrying amount is 4L/min, the light spot size is 1mm-2mm, and the shielding gas flow is 15L/min.
8. The method for preparing a die casting mold according to claim 3, wherein the second cladding condition is: the power is 1200W, the scanning speed is 550mm/min-600mm/min, the powder feeding amount is 1.1r/min, the gas carrying amount is 4L/min, the spot size is 1mm-2mm, and the flow of the protective gas is 15L/min.
9. The method of preparing a die casting mold of claim 3, wherein the third cladding condition is: the power is 1400W-1900W, the scanning speed is 250mm/min-600mm/min, the powder feeding amount is 0.8-1.1r/min, the gas carrying amount is 3-4L/min, the spot size is 1mm-2mm, and the flow of the protective gas is 15L/min.
10. A method for preparing a die-casting die as claimed in claim 3, wherein the conditions of the annealing treatment are: the temperature is 600 ℃ and the time is 2 h.
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