CN114309453A - An additive for foundry sand to reduce porosity defects in castings - Google Patents
An additive for foundry sand to reduce porosity defects in castings Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000003110 molding sand Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229940100486 rice starch Drugs 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007528 sand casting Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008104 plant cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种减少铸件气孔缺陷的铸造砂用附加物，所述附加物组分包含：MgO、AL2O3、Fe2O3、Na2O、SiO2、K2O、CaO。本发明的铸造砂用附加物是非碳质无机材料，不含沥青、煤粉、石墨粉、树脂、重油、渣油、淀粉、米面粉、锯末、秸秆粉、稻草灰等碳质材料和有机材料，能够循环使用；使用本发明的附加物配制的黏土湿型砂制作的铸型生产铸件，能够显著减少或消除铸件气孔缺陷，且无毒无害、型砂回用性好、铸件表面光洁。The invention relates to an additive for foundry sand for reducing porosity defects of castings. The components of the additive comprise: MgO, AL 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , Na 2 O, SiO 2 , K 2 O and CaO. The additive for foundry sand of the present invention is a non-carbonaceous inorganic material, and does not contain carbonaceous materials and organic materials such as pitch, coal powder, graphite powder, resin, heavy oil, residual oil, starch, rice flour, sawdust, straw powder, straw ash, etc. , can be recycled; using the clay wet molding sand prepared by the additive of the present invention to produce castings, can significantly reduce or eliminate the porosity defects of the castings, and is non-toxic and harmless, the molding sand has good reusability, and the casting surface is smooth and clean.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于砂型铸造技术领域，特别涉及一种减少铸件气孔缺陷的铸造砂用附加物。The invention belongs to the technical field of sand casting, and in particular relates to an additive for foundry sand for reducing porosity defects of castings.
背景技术Background technique
铸造是指将固态金属加热到高温熔化成液态，然后把液态金属浇注到铸型的型腔中，待其冷却凝固后而得到一定尺寸、形状的铸件。铸造是装备制造业的基础，铸造工业中，砂型铸造占的比例最大。砂型铸造按粘结剂材料分类，有砂型铸造、树脂砂型铸造和水玻璃砂型铸造三大类。其中，湿型砂作为砂型铸造中最重要的造型材料，它的适用范围很广，耗用量很大。Casting refers to heating the solid metal to a high temperature and melting it into a liquid state, and then pouring the liquid metal into the cavity of the mold, and after it cools and solidifies, a casting of a certain size and shape is obtained. Casting is the foundation of equipment manufacturing industry. Sand casting accounts for the largest proportion in the foundry industry. Sand casting is classified according to the binder material, and there are three categories: sand casting, resin sand casting and water glass sand casting. Among them, green sand, as the most important molding material in sand casting, has a wide range of applications and a large amount of consumption.
在我国，按铸件产量计，湿型砂铸造约占整个砂型铸造80％(占整个铸造产量的60-70％左右)，是砂型铸造生产的主体。湿型砂的原料易得、成本低廉，数十年来该造型材料组分较为稳定、变化不大。In my country, in terms of casting output, green sand casting accounts for about 80% of the entire sand casting (accounting for about 60-70% of the entire casting output), and is the main body of sand casting production. The raw materials of green sand are easy to obtain and low in cost, and the components of the molding materials have been relatively stable and changed little for decades.
湿型砂的基本组成是石英砂骨料、陶土粘结剂和水。此外，为保证铸件质量，还需加入各种附加物。目前，最常用的附加物为煤粉、沥青、石墨粉、树脂、重油、渣油、淀粉、米面粉、锯末、秸秆粉、稻草灰等碳质材料和其它有机材料。然而，在铸造过程中，碳质材料和有机材料附加物会在高温下分解释放出大量气体。产生的气体如果不能及时排出，则会侵入到金属液中，凝固后在铸件中产生气孔，导致铸件报废。所以，煤粉等碳质材料和有机材料的高温燃烧分解是铸件产生气孔的主要原因之一。The basic composition of green sand is quartz sand aggregate, clay binder and water. In addition, in order to ensure the quality of castings, it is necessary to add various additives. At present, the most commonly used additives are carbonaceous materials such as coal powder, asphalt, graphite powder, resin, heavy oil, residual oil, starch, rice flour, sawdust, straw powder, straw ash and other organic materials. However, during the casting process, carbonaceous materials and organic material additions decompose at high temperatures and release large amounts of gas. If the generated gas cannot be discharged in time, it will penetrate into the molten metal, and after solidification, pores will be generated in the casting, resulting in the scrapping of the casting. Therefore, the high temperature combustion and decomposition of carbonaceous materials and organic materials such as coal powder is one of the main reasons for the generation of pores in castings.
在获得光洁铸件表面的基础上减少铸件气孔缺陷，是铸造工作者需要解决的技术难题，也是本发明的核心内容。Reducing porosity defects of castings on the basis of obtaining smooth and clean casting surfaces is a technical problem to be solved by casting workers, and is also the core content of the present invention.
CN113059114A一种铸造砂型砂综合添加剂，该专利申请中聚丙烯、煤粉、植物纤维素、阿尔法淀粉、草木灰等都是碳质材料或有机材料，都会燃烧增加发气量，容易使铸件产生气孔。CN113059114A A comprehensive additive for foundry sand and molding sand. In the patent application, polypropylene, coal powder, plant cellulose, alpha starch, plant ash, etc. are all carbonaceous or organic materials, which will burn to increase the amount of gas generated and easily cause pores in the casting.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
基于现有技术的缺陷，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种减少铸件气孔缺陷的铸造砂用附加物，本发明的附加物不含煤粉、沥青、石墨粉、树脂、重油、渣油、淀粉、米面粉、锯末、秸秆粉、稻草灰等碳质材料和有机材料，本发明全部由非碳质无机材料组成。配制成的铸造砂发气量很低，能够消除或显著减少铸件气孔缺陷；生产铸件的表面质量也好。Based on the defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an additive for foundry sand that reduces porosity defects of castings. The additive of the present invention does not contain coal powder, asphalt, graphite powder, resin, heavy oil, and residual oil. , starch, rice flour, sawdust, straw powder, straw ash and other carbonaceous materials and organic materials, the present invention is all composed of non-carbonaceous inorganic materials. The prepared foundry sand has very low gas generation, which can eliminate or significantly reduce the porosity defects of the castings; the surface quality of the produced castings is also good.
本发明的一种铸造砂用附加物，所述附加物组分包含：MgO、AL2O3、Fe2O3、Na2O、SiO2、K2O、CaO。An additive for foundry sand of the present invention, the components of the additive include: MgO, AL 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , Na 2 O, SiO 2 , K 2 O, and CaO.
优选地，按质量百分比，附加物组分包括：0.1～15％MgO、10～40％AL2O3、0.1～10％Fe2O3、0.1～20％Na2O、30～70％SiO2、0.1～20％K2O、0.1～15％CaO。Preferably, by mass percentage, the additive components include: 0.1-15% MgO, 10-40% Al 2 O 3 , 0.1-10% Fe 2 O 3 , 0.1-20% Na 2 O, 30-70% SiO 2. 0.1-20% K 2 O, 0.1-15% CaO.
所述附加物的粒度不大于40目。The particle size of the additive is not larger than 40 mesh.
本发明的一种铸造用黏土湿型砂，所述黏土湿型砂组分包括：黏土石英砂、所述附加物、水。The present invention provides clay green sand for foundry, wherein the components of the clay green sand include: clay quartz sand, the additive, and water.
所述黏土石英砂、附加物的质量比为70-99.8：0.2-30。The mass ratio of the clay quartz sand and the additive is 70-99.8:0.2-30.
本发明的一种铸造用黏土湿型砂的制备方法，包括：A preparation method of clay green sand for foundry of the present invention, comprising:
将黏土石英砂，所述附加物和水混合均匀，即得。The clay quartz sand, the additive and water are mixed uniformly, and then the obtained is obtained.
水的用量可根据实际情况添加。The amount of water can be added according to the actual situation.
进一步地，将附加物与的黏土石英砂和适量水在混砂机中混合均匀后获得湿型砂，即可用于实际铸造生产；其中黏土石英砂、附加物的质量比为70-99.8：0.2-30。Further, after uniformly mixing the additive with the clay quartz sand and an appropriate amount of water in a sand mixer, green sand is obtained, which can be used for actual casting production; wherein the mass ratio of the clay quartz sand and the additive is 70-99.8:0.2- 30.
本发明的一种所述铸造黏土砂，适用于球铁、灰铸铁、铸铜、铸铝、铸钢件的手工和机器生产线的应用。The casting clay sand of the present invention is suitable for the application of manual and machine production lines of ductile iron, gray cast iron, copper casting, aluminum casting and steel casting.
用本发明的附加物配制的湿型砂，发气量低，仅为5-12ml/g，远低于煤粉湿型砂的发气量30-50ml/g，可大大减少铸件出现气孔缺陷的概率。The green sand prepared with the additive of the present invention has low gas generation, only 5-12ml/g, which is far lower than the gas generation of pulverized coal green sand of 30-50ml/g, which can greatly reduce the probability of porosity defects in castings.
有益效果beneficial effect
本发明所使用的原材料不采用煤粉、沥青、石墨粉、树脂、重油、渣油、淀粉、米面粉、锯末、秸秆粉、稻草灰等碳质材料和有机材料；使用本发明进行铸件生产，发气量很低，能够大大减少出现气孔缺陷的概率；生产铸件的表面质量好。The raw materials used in the present invention do not use carbonaceous materials and organic materials such as coal powder, pitch, graphite powder, resin, heavy oil, residual oil, starch, rice flour, sawdust, straw powder, straw ash, etc.; The amount of gas generation is very low, which can greatly reduce the probability of porosity defects; the surface quality of the production castings is good.
本发明配制成的铸造砂发气量很低，能够消除或显著减少铸件气孔缺陷；生产铸件的表面质量也好。The foundry sand prepared by the invention has very low gas generation, can eliminate or significantly reduce the porosity defect of the casting, and the surface quality of the produced casting is also good.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the present application.
本发明原料均为市售产品。The raw materials of the present invention are all commercially available products.
实施例中的黏土石英砂，其中膨润土和水分含量均为相对石英砂的质量百分含量。The clay quartz sand in the embodiment, wherein the bentonite and the moisture content are the mass percentage content of the relative quartz sand.
实施例1Example 1
黏土石英砂1000Kg(含石英砂100％、膨润土7％、水分3.7％)、本发明附加物80Kg(2.3％MgO、5.5％K2O、2.5％Fe2O3、17.8％AL2O3、3.4％Na2O、65.2％SiO2、3.3％CaO。)。先在混砂机中混合1-3分钟，再加入35kg水，混砂3-15分钟放砂。取混好的型砂1克，在SFL型记录式发气性试验仪上测试发气量，重复3次，得出平均的发气量为8.8ml/g，比常规的煤粉砂发气量(30-40ml/g)小得多。用混合好的型砂进行消防管件的砂型造型、浇注，浇注完成铸件冷却一定时间后即打箱。打箱后铸件冷却到室温，喷丸后铸件表面质量好。经机械加工后表明，铸件无气孔缺陷。浇注后的型砂再加入适量新黏土石英砂、本发明附加物和水重新混制后即可重复使用，原砂消耗量低、废砂量少。1000Kg of clay quartz sand (containing 100% of quartz sand, 7% of bentonite, 3.7% of moisture), 80Kg of the additive of the present invention (2.3% MgO, 5.5% K 2 O, 2.5% Fe 2 O 3 , 17.8% AL 2 O 3 , 3.4% Na 2 O, 65.2% SiO 2 , 3.3% CaO.). First mix in the sand mixer for 1-3 minutes, then add 35kg of water, mix the sand for 3-15 minutes and release the sand. Take 1 gram of the mixed molding sand, test the gas evolution on the SFL type recording gas tester, repeat 3 times, and get the average gas yield of 8.8ml/g, which is higher than that of the conventional pulverized coal sand (30- 40ml/g) is much smaller. Use mixed molding sand for sand molding and pouring of fire-fighting pipe fittings. After boxing, the castings are cooled to room temperature, and the surface quality of the castings after shot peening is good. After machining, it was shown that the casting was free of porosity defects. The poured molding sand can be reused after adding an appropriate amount of new clay quartz sand, the additive of the present invention and water again, and the consumption of original sand is low and the amount of waste sand is small.
实施例2Example 2
黏土石英砂1000Kg(含石英砂100％、膨润土6％、水分3.2％)、本发明附加物50Kg，(1.7％MgO、5.1％K2O、2.3％Fe2O3、18.1％AL2O3、3.7％Na2O、65.8％SiO2、3.3％CaO)。先在混砂机中混合1-3分钟，再加入30kg水，混砂2.5-10分钟，放砂。测试得到平均的发气量为8.3ml/g，比常规的煤粉砂发气量(30-40ml/g)小得多。用混合好的型砂进行球铁阀门铸件的砂型造型，造型后浇注，打箱后铸件冷却到室温，喷丸后铸件表面质量好。机械加工后表明，铸件无气孔缺陷。浇注后的型砂再加入适量新黏土石英砂、本发明附加物和水重新混制后即可重复使用。1000Kg of clay quartz sand (containing 100% of quartz sand, 6% of bentonite, 3.2% of moisture), 50Kg of the additive of the present invention, (1.7% MgO, 5.1% K 2 O, 2.3% Fe 2 O 3 , 18.1% AL 2 O 3 ) , 3.7% Na 2 O, 65.8% SiO 2 , 3.3% CaO). First mix in the sand mixer for 1-3 minutes, then add 30kg of water, mix the sand for 2.5-10 minutes, and release the sand. The average gas generation in the test is 8.3ml/g, which is much smaller than the conventional coal powder sand gas generation (30-40ml/g). Use mixed molding sand for sand molding of ductile iron valve castings, pour after molding, and cool the castings to room temperature after boxing, and the surface quality of the castings after shot peening is good. After machining, it was shown that the casting was free of porosity defects. The poured molding sand can be reused after adding an appropriate amount of new clay quartz sand, the additive of the present invention and water to remix.
Claims (7)
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Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4174225A (en) * | 1976-04-12 | 1979-11-13 | Ab Nynas-Petroleum | Manufacturing moulds or mould cores |
| JP2005081372A (en) * | 2003-09-08 | 2005-03-31 | Asahi Organic Chem Ind Co Ltd | Treatment method for synthetic mullite sand and synthetic mullite sand, and mold |
| US20120199309A1 (en) * | 2011-02-04 | 2012-08-09 | Ask Chemicals L.P. | Sand additives for molds/cores for metal casting |
| JP2016107320A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2016-06-20 | キンセイマテック株式会社 | Casting mold sand and method for production thereof |
| CN108356214A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-08-03 | 云南衡纬科技有限公司 | Green moulding sand additive and its application method |
| CN108405793A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-08-17 | 云南衡纬科技有限公司 | Moulding sand additive suitable for ironcasting |
| CN109465378A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-03-15 | 东北大学 | Process for preparing artificial spherical ceramic sand for casting by using waste shells of investment casting |
| CN110052570A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-07-26 | 蔡旭斌 | A kind of pollution-free environmentally friendly casting sand and preparation method thereof |
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2021
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| US4174225A (en) * | 1976-04-12 | 1979-11-13 | Ab Nynas-Petroleum | Manufacturing moulds or mould cores |
| JP2005081372A (en) * | 2003-09-08 | 2005-03-31 | Asahi Organic Chem Ind Co Ltd | Treatment method for synthetic mullite sand and synthetic mullite sand, and mold |
| US20120199309A1 (en) * | 2011-02-04 | 2012-08-09 | Ask Chemicals L.P. | Sand additives for molds/cores for metal casting |
| JP2016107320A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2016-06-20 | キンセイマテック株式会社 | Casting mold sand and method for production thereof |
| CN108356214A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-08-03 | 云南衡纬科技有限公司 | Green moulding sand additive and its application method |
| CN108405793A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-08-17 | 云南衡纬科技有限公司 | Moulding sand additive suitable for ironcasting |
| CN109465378A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-03-15 | 东北大学 | Process for preparing artificial spherical ceramic sand for casting by using waste shells of investment casting |
| CN110052570A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-07-26 | 蔡旭斌 | A kind of pollution-free environmentally friendly casting sand and preparation method thereof |
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