CN114294161A - Method and equipment for ensuring safety clearance of wind driven generator - Google Patents
Method and equipment for ensuring safety clearance of wind driven generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN114294161A CN114294161A CN202111424872.7A CN202111424872A CN114294161A CN 114294161 A CN114294161 A CN 114294161A CN 202111424872 A CN202111424872 A CN 202111424872A CN 114294161 A CN114294161 A CN 114294161A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and equipment for ensuring safety clearance of a wind driven generator, which comprises the steps of firstly, introducing gust identification into a unit advanced pitch control algorithm, adding an additional angle to a theoretical minimum pitch angle of a unit as the minimum set pitch angle of the unit when gust is detected within a certain time period, and keeping a certain period, thereby ensuring that the clearance of a tower of the unit keeps a certain safety margin and improving the operability of the unit; secondly, the pitch angle of the unit is lifted according to a certain control algorithm through accurate identification of gust, and the limit load of the unit under the gust working condition is reduced. According to the invention, the video monitoring equipment is arranged on the tower, the distance between the blade tip of the unit and the wall of the tower is captured in real time, when the detected distance is smaller than a certain preset threshold value, the blade can be changed in advance, and the clearance of the tower is increased in a mode of lifting the pitch angle of the unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind driven generators, and particularly relates to a method for ensuring safety clearance of a wind driven generator.
Background
The modern wind driven generator is a large-inertia nonlinear system, and along with the fact that the capacity of a single machine is larger and towers are higher and higher in recent years regardless of an offshore wind turbine or a land unit, the difference between the wind speeds above and below an impeller is larger along with the increase of the wind sweeping area of the impeller. Generally, the wind speed increases with the height, and the thrust of different wind speeds to the impeller surface varies, and the imbalance degree of the impeller exists due to the imbalance of the thrust at the distribution point of the impeller plane: for a wind driven generator, the wind speed above the impeller is greater than the wind speed below the impeller (the wind shear is positive), resulting in uneven stress on the entire impeller plane. The thrust received above the impeller is larger, and the thrust received below the impeller is smaller and changes periodically along with the rotation of the impeller.
When the blade is rotated to its lowest position and perpendicular to the ground, the distance between the tip of the blade and the tower is called clearance. When the thrust above the impeller is large and the thrust below the impeller is small, the method is theoretically beneficial to improving the clearance of the unit and improving the safety margin of the unit operation.
Considering that the clearance is influenced by various factors, such as the operating condition of the fan, when the fan is in a power curve transition section, the fan has larger output due to larger wind speed, and meanwhile, a variable pitch system is not involved, so that the clearance of the tower is reduced; on the other hand, when the wind speed suddenly increases, the thrust acting on the impeller surface in a short time increases, resulting in a decrease in the tower clearance. Under some special working conditions, the phenomenon of negative shearing of wind speed is possible to occur, the wind speed below the impeller is high, the wind speed above the impeller is low, the blade tips of the blades of the unit are close to the wall of the tower, the safety clearance of the unit is reduced, and hidden dangers are brought to the safe and stable operation of the unit.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the problem that the tower clearance is too low under a certain working condition of the unit is solved, and the safety margin of unit operation is improved; meanwhile, the pitch angle of the unit is lifted according to a certain control algorithm through accurate identification of gust, and the limit load of the unit under the gust working condition is reduced.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
the method introduces gust identification into the algorithm of the unit to change the pitch in advance, adds an additional angle to the theoretical minimum pitch angle of the unit to be used as the minimum set pitch angle of the unit when gust is detected within a certain time period, and keeps a certain period, thereby ensuring that the clearance of a tower of the unit keeps a certain safety margin, improving the operability of the unit, and simultaneously reducing the limit load of the unit under certain gust working conditions.
The invention provides a method for ensuring safety clearance of a wind driven generator, which comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring fan time sequence operation data;
s2, performing sliding filtering processing on the original operation data in the S1 according to a certain time period, and calculating a gust factor G according to the following model:
wherein t represents time, IuIs the turbulence intensity;
s3, calculating a gust factor in a certain time period according to the formula (1), and judging whether the gust factor is a gust according to the following standards:
wherein G is0Is equal to a set gust factor threshold;
s4, when the gust is judged, the following conditions must be met at the same time to ensure that the unit operates in the transition section:
in the above formula:
omega, p are respectively the average generator speed and average power output of the sliding filter in a period of time, omegamaxThe maximum rotating speed of the generator is unit rpm; gamma is the rotation speed coefficient of the generator; p is a radical of0The rated power of the unit is kW;
s5, when the formula (2) and the formula (3) are met, the current unit is shown to be subjected to a large gust process, and the current unit runs in the transition section of the power curve, and the minimum pitch angle requirement beta of the unit is updatedmin：
βmin＝β0+θ (4)
In the above formula, beta0The optimal pitch angle is set for the unit theory; θ is the additional pitch angle;
s6, after the pitch angle raising operation is performed according to the formula (4), the operation is maintained for a predetermined time, and then steps S3 and S4 are executed again to determine whether the conditions are satisfied: if yes, keeping the pitch angle for a certain time, otherwise, restoring to the theoretical optimal pitch angle beta0。
The invention also provides a device for ensuring the safety clearance of the wind driven generator, which comprises video monitoring equipment arranged on the tower frame of the anemometer tower, anemometers arranged at different heights of the tower frame of the anemometer tower and a fan controller arranged on the wind driven generator, wherein:
the video monitoring equipment captures the distance between the blade tip of the unit and the wall of the tower in real time, and sends a signal to the fan controller when the detected distance is smaller than a certain preset threshold value;
the anemoscope is used for measuring wind speed and wind direction;
the computing device is used for computing the minimum pitch angle required by the set in real time by the method for ensuring the safety clearance of the wind driven generator, and sending the minimum pitch angle to the fan controller;
and the fan controller is used for controlling the pitch angle of the lifting unit to ensure the safe clearance of the tower according to the signal of the video monitoring equipment or the computing device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the following technical effects:
1) the tower clearance of the unit under certain special working conditions is improved, and the running safety margin of the unit is improved;
2) when wind gusts are detected, a pitch angle is added to the pitch angle requirement value of the unit, and the limit load of the unit is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained in detail by combining the attached drawings:
it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
Currently, in the development stage of the wind turbine, the clearance evaluation of the tower is an important index. According to a design result, when the unit operates in a power curve transition section, the tower clearance is small, meanwhile, the load is large (generally, the limit load), a certain control strategy can be designed, the average value of the power output of the unit in a period of time is detected, the unit reaches a rated power curve, the pitch angle of the unit is increased according to a certain slope and the size of the average power, and the purposes of reducing the limit load of the unit and increasing the tower clearance of the unit are achieved.
Detecting the average value p of the power output of the unit in a certain time rangeavgAnd rated power pratedAnd when the following certain conditions are met, lifting the pitch angle PA:
in the above formula, p0To a predetermined power threshold, theta0And (4) optimizing the pitch angle for the unit.
In order to avoid the influence of clearance reduction on the safety of the fan under the working condition, the invention designs a new algorithm for capturing gust in a short time, and the clearance of the tower is increased by lifting the pitch angle according to the size of the gust. The specific design block diagram is shown in fig. 1.
The invention is specifically illustrated as follows:
firstly, acquiring time sequence operation data of a fan, wherein the period of the operation data generally takes 20ms, and the acquired variables comprise: wind speed, wind direction, power, rated power, generator speed, etc.;
then, the following steps are performed:
1) and performing sliding filtering processing on the original operation data in the step 1 according to a certain period (such as 3s), and calculating a gust factor G according to the following model:
in the above formula, t is generally 3, IuFor the turbulence intensity, 20%, 15% and 10% turbulence intensity, respectively, are typically characterized by taking 0.2, 0.15 and 0.1, respectivelyWhere, take Iu＝0.2；
2) After a gust factor in a certain time period is calculated according to a formula (1), whether the gust factor is a gust is judged according to the following standard:
G0is compared with a set gust factor threshold.
3) When judging that it is gust, must satisfy the following condition simultaneously, ensure that the unit operates in the changeover portion:
it can be generally determined by the following method:
in the above formula:
omega and p are respectively the average rotating speed of the sliding filter generator and the average power output within a period of time, and the period of time is preset, such as 1 min;
ωmaxthe maximum rotating speed of the generator is unit rpm;
gamma is the rotation speed coefficient of the generator, and generally takes a value of 0.85-1.05;
p0the unit is rated power of the unit, and the unit is kW.
4) And when the formula (2) and the formula (3) are met, the fact that the current unit of the unit is subjected to a larger gust process is shown, the current unit runs in a power curve transition section, and the minimum pitch angle requirement beta of the unit is updatedmin：
βmin＝β0+θ (4)
In the above formula, beta0The optimal pitch angle is set for the unit theory; theta is the additional pitch angle and the value range of theta is 0-2 deg.
After the machine set carries out the pitch angle lifting action according to the formula (4), the machine set needs to be kept for a certain time, for example, 10min, then whether the conditions are met or not is judged again according to the formulas (2) and (3), if yes, the machine set is kept for 10min, and if not, the machine set is kept for 10minThen, the theoretical optimum pitch angle β is restored0。
The invention also provides a device for ensuring the safety clearance of the wind driven generator, which comprises video monitoring equipment arranged on the tower frame of the anemometer tower, anemometers arranged at different heights of the tower frame of the anemometer tower and a fan controller arranged on the wind driven generator, wherein:
the video monitoring equipment captures the distance between the blade tip of the unit and the wall of the tower in real time, and sends a signal to the fan controller when the detected distance is smaller than a certain preset threshold value;
the anemoscope is used for measuring wind speed and wind direction;
the computing device is used for computing the minimum pitch angle required by the set in real time by the method for ensuring the safety clearance of the wind driven generator, and sending the minimum pitch angle to the fan controller;
and the fan controller is used for controlling the pitch angle of the lifting unit to ensure the safe clearance of the tower according to the signal of the video monitoring equipment or the computing device.
The invention also provides another two embodiments, which are as follows:
1. the method comprises the steps that video monitoring equipment is installed on a tower, the distance between the blade tip of a unit and the wall of the tower is captured in real time, when the detected distance is smaller than a certain preset threshold value, the blade can be changed in advance, and the clearance of the tower is increased in a mode of lifting the blade angle of the unit.
2. In the wind power plant under the condition of flat terrain, the method can introduce the data of the anemometer tower into the control of the fan during the specific implementation, calculate the wind shear index in real time through the anemometers arranged at different heights of the anemometer tower, and can raise the minimum pitch angle of the unit through an algorithm when the index is negative, thereby achieving the function of improving the clearance of the tower.
The foregoing is only a partial embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for ensuring safe clearance of a wind driven generator is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring fan time sequence operation data;
s2, performing sliding filtering processing on the original operation data in the S1 according to a certain time period, and calculating a gust factor G according to the following model:
wherein t represents time, IuIs the turbulence intensity;
s3, calculating a gust factor in a certain time period according to the formula (1), and judging whether the gust factor is a gust according to the following standards:
wherein G is0Is equal to a set gust factor threshold;
s4, when the gust is judged, the following conditions must be met at the same time to ensure that the unit operates in the transition section:
in the above formula:
omega, p are respectively the average generator speed and average power output of the sliding filter in a period of time, omegamaxThe maximum rotating speed of the generator is unit rpm; gamma is the rotation speed coefficient of the generator; p is a radical of0The rated power of the unit is kW;
s5, when the formula (2) and the formula (3) are met, the current unit is shown to be subjected to a large gust process, and the current unit runs in the transition section of the power curve, and the minimum pitch angle requirement beta of the unit is updatedmin：
βmin＝β0+θ (4)
In the above formula, beta0The optimal pitch angle is set for the unit theory; θ is the additional pitch angle;
s6, after the pitch angle raising operation is performed according to the formula (4), the operation is maintained for a predetermined time, and then steps S3 and S4 are executed again to determine whether the conditions are satisfied: if yes, keeping the pitch angle for a certain time, otherwise, restoring to the theoretical optimal pitch angle beta0。
2. A method of ensuring safe headroom for wind turbines as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the fan time series operation data includes: wind speed, wind direction, power, rated power, and generator speed.
3. A method of ensuring safe headroom for wind turbines as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the cycle of the operation data takes 20 ms.
4. A method of ensuring safe headroom for wind turbines as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the cycle of performing the sliding filter processing is 3S.
5. A method of ensuring safe headroom for wind turbines as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S2, t is 3, Iu20%, 15% and 10% turbulence intensity were characterized, taking 0.2, 0.15 and 0.1, respectively.
6. A method of ensuring safe headroom for wind turbines as claimed in claim 5, wherein: i isu＝0.2。
7. A method of ensuring safe headroom for wind turbines as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the value range of gamma is 0.85-1.05.
8. A method of ensuring safe headroom for wind turbines as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the value range of theta is 0-2 deg.
9. A method of ensuring safe headroom for wind turbines as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S6, the constant holding time is 10 minutes.
10. The utility model provides a ensure device of aerogenerator safety headroom which characterized in that, is including installing the video monitoring equipment on the anemometer tower pylon, installs the anemoscope at the anemometer tower pylon different height to and install the fan controller on aerogenerator, wherein:
the video monitoring equipment captures the distance between the blade tip of the unit and the wall of the tower in real time, and sends a signal to the fan controller when the detected distance is smaller than a certain preset threshold value;
the anemoscope is used for measuring wind speed and wind direction;
a computing device for computing the minimum pitch angle required by the unit in real time by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9 and sending the minimum pitch angle to the wind turbine controller;
and the fan controller is used for controlling the pitch angle of the lifting unit to ensure the safe clearance of the tower according to the signal of the video monitoring equipment or the computing device.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111424872.7A CN114294161A (en) | 2021-11-26 | 2021-11-26 | Method and equipment for ensuring safety clearance of wind driven generator |
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| CN202111424872.7A CN114294161A (en) | 2021-11-26 | 2021-11-26 | Method and equipment for ensuring safety clearance of wind driven generator |
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| CN114294161A true CN114294161A (en) | 2022-04-08 |
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| CN202111424872.7A Pending CN114294161A (en) | 2021-11-26 | 2021-11-26 | Method and equipment for ensuring safety clearance of wind driven generator |
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