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CN114280615A - Discrimination method of underwater targets in shallow water based on eigenvalue attenuation coefficient of correlation matrix - Google Patents

Discrimination method of underwater targets in shallow water based on eigenvalue attenuation coefficient of correlation matrix Download PDF

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CN114280615A
CN114280615A CN202111333615.2A CN202111333615A CN114280615A CN 114280615 A CN114280615 A CN 114280615A CN 202111333615 A CN202111333615 A CN 202111333615A CN 114280615 A CN114280615 A CN 114280615A
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邵游
郑广赢
张巧力
王刚
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715th Research Institute of CSIC
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Abstract

本发明涉及基于相关矩阵特征值衰弱系数的浅海水面水下目标分辨方法，以基阵信号相关矩阵特征值衰落系数的大小表征声场垂直相关性；阈值上的基阵信号相关矩阵特征值的衰落系数对应水面声源，反之为水下声源；基阵信号相关矩阵特征值的衰落系数越大，特征值分布越集中，对应的相关矩阵振荡越弱，声场的垂直相关性较强，对应水面声源，衰落系数越小，特征值的分布越分散，对应的相关矩阵振荡越强，声场的垂直相关性较弱，对应水下声源。本发明依据简正波理论，从声源深度对声场的垂直相关性的影响出发，基阵信号相关矩阵特征值衰落系数能够有效表征声场垂直相关性，其大小与声源深度密切相关，可应用于深海垂直阵反潜警戒探测。

Figure 202111333615

The invention relates to a method for distinguishing underwater targets in shallow water based on the eigenvalue attenuation coefficient of a correlation matrix. Corresponding to the surface sound source, otherwise it is the underwater sound source; the larger the fading coefficient of the eigenvalue of the correlation matrix of the matrix signal, the more concentrated the eigenvalue distribution, the weaker the corresponding correlation matrix oscillation, and the stronger the vertical correlation of the sound field, corresponding to the surface sound. The smaller the fading coefficient, the more dispersed the distribution of eigenvalues, the stronger the corresponding correlation matrix oscillation, and the weaker the vertical correlation of the sound field, corresponding to the underwater sound source. According to the normal wave theory, the present invention starts from the influence of the depth of the sound source on the vertical correlation of the sound field. The fading coefficient of the eigenvalue of the correlation matrix of the basic array signal can effectively characterize the vertical correlation of the sound field, and its size is closely related to the depth of the sound source, and can be applied to the deep sea. Vertical array anti-submarine warning detection.

Figure 202111333615

Description

Shallow sea surface underwater target distinguishing method based on correlation matrix characteristic value attenuation coefficient
Technical Field
The present invention relates to computing; the technical field of calculation or counting, in particular to a shallow sea water surface underwater target distinguishing method based on a correlation matrix eigenvalue attenuation coefficient in the field of underwater target detection.
Background
With the development of marine resources and the need of military combat, small target detection in shallow sea becomes a hot spot of underwater acoustic signal processing research. In the waveguide environment of the offshore area, the detection of the small-delay target of the propagation of the acoustic signal is a difficult problem due to the multiple reflections at the sea bottom and the sea surface. Ocean background noise level increases; in addition, in a specific sea area (such as a muddy water sea area with a high sediment content), active detection faces strong reverberation. Therefore, small target detection in shallow sea is a difficult problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problems in the prior art, provides an optimized shallow sea surface and underwater target resolution method based on the attenuation coefficient of the characteristic value of the related matrix, aims at the problem of autonomous resolution of a surface and underwater sound source target, and can effectively realize shallow sea surface and underwater target resolution by relying on the theoretical support of normal waves and the like and utilizing the correlation characteristics of different target vertical sound fields; the vertical submerged buoy array is used as a support, and technical support can be provided for realizing the full-coverage underwater warning capability of forming a specific sea area in a short time.
The method adopts the technical scheme that the method for distinguishing the underwater target on the shallow sea surface based on the attenuation coefficient of the characteristic value of the correlation matrix characterizes the vertical correlation of a sound field according to the size of the attenuation coefficient eta (rho) of the characteristic value of the correlation matrix of a matrix signal; the attenuation coefficient of the matrix signal correlation matrix eigenvalue on the threshold value corresponds to a water surface sound source, otherwise, the attenuation coefficient is an underwater sound source.
The invention solves the problem of positioning and/or distinguishing different targets (water surface and underwater targets) in the vertical direction by adopting the fading coefficient of the vertical array signal.
In the invention, the larger the fading coefficient of the eigenvalue of the correlation matrix of the array signal is, the more concentrated the distribution of the eigenvalue is, the weaker the corresponding oscillation of the correlation matrix is, the stronger the vertical correlation of the sound field is, and the corresponding sound source on the water surface is; the smaller the fading coefficient of the eigenvalue of the matrix signal correlation matrix, the more dispersed the eigenvalue distribution, the stronger the corresponding correlation matrix oscillation, and the weaker the vertical correlation of the sound field, corresponding to the underwater sound source.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of:
step 1: calculating a correlation coefficient matrix rho of a shallow sea vertical array receiving target signal;
step 2: obtaining the distribution of the eigenvalue lambda (rho) of the sound field correlation coefficient matrix rho;
and step 3: processing the characteristic value lambda (rho);
and 4, step 4: obtaining a fading coefficient eta (rho) of a correlation matrix eigenvalue based on the eigenvalue, wherein the fading coefficient eta (rho) is used for representing the correlation of the sound field;
and 5: performing sound field modeling by using hydrological data of measuring environment, and calculating a fading coefficient eta of a correlation matrix eigenvalue of a vertical array copy field by using simulated sound field dataref；
Step 6: utilizing actual correlation matrix eigenvalue fading coefficient eta (rho) and simulated correlation matrix eigenvalue fading coefficient eta (rho)refAnd comparing, realizing the estimation of the sound source depth, and distinguishing the underwater target on the shallow sea surface.
Preferably, in the step 2, λ (ρ) ═ λ (λ [)1(ρ),λ2(ρ),…,λN(ρ)]And N is the number of the vertical array elements, namely the dimension of a correlation coefficient matrix.
Preferably, after the treatment of step 3, lambda1(ρ)≥λ2(ρ)≥…≥λN(ρ)。
Preferably, in the step 4,
Figure BDA0003349828130000021
preferably, in said step 6, defining
Figure BDA0003349828130000031
With H0To representSound source from the surface H1Representing a sound source from underwater; that is, when eta (rho) is less than or equal to etarefWhen the target is a sound source from the water surface, and when η (ρ) > ηrefWhen the target is a sound source from underwater.
Preferably, the critical depth is 20-30 m underwater; specifically, this is the critical depth under shallow sea conditions in the simulation of the present invention.
The invention relates to an optimized shallow sea surface underwater target resolution method based on correlation matrix eigenvalue decay coefficient, which characterizes the vertical correlation of a sound field by the size of matrix signal correlation matrix eigenvalue decay coefficient eta (rho); the fading coefficient of the matrix signal correlation matrix eigenvalue on the threshold value corresponds to a water surface sound source, otherwise, the fading coefficient is an underwater sound source; the larger the fading coefficient of the eigenvalue of the correlation matrix of the matrix signal is, the more concentrated the distribution of the eigenvalue is, the weaker the corresponding oscillation of the correlation matrix is, the stronger the vertical correlation of the sound field is, and the corresponding sound source on the water surface is; the smaller the fading coefficient of the eigenvalue of the matrix signal correlation matrix, the more dispersed the eigenvalue distribution, the stronger the corresponding correlation matrix oscillation, the weaker the vertical correlation of the sound field, and the corresponding underwater sound source.
According to the method, a dimensionless physical quantity, namely a characteristic value fading coefficient of a matrix signal correlation matrix is provided based on the influence of sound source depth on the vertical correlation of a sound field according to a normal wave theory, wherein the fading coefficient can effectively represent the vertical correlation of the sound field, and the size of the fading coefficient is closely related to the sound source depth; simulation data show that the underwater target on the surface of the shallow sea can be effectively judged by distinguishing the attenuation coefficient.
The method can be applied to deep sea vertical array anti-submarine warning detection, and has certain innovative significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows three typical hydrological conditions of a subsequent simulation in shallow sea;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of two-dimensional distribution of fading coefficients of characteristic values of correlation matrices for a matrix with sound source distances of 10km and 20km respectively in good hydrology at different depths of first matrix elements and different sound sources;
FIG. 4 is the distribution of fading coefficients of eigenvalues of matrix signal correlation matrices with sound source distances of 10km and 20km respectively under good hydrology and with a matrix first array element depth of 30m, and a black line is a water surface and underwater target resolution threshold;
FIG. 5 shows two-dimensional distribution of fading coefficients of characteristic values of correlation matrices for matrixes with sound source distances of 10km and 20km respectively in medium hydrology at different depths of initial elements and different sound sources;
FIG. 6 shows the distribution of fading coefficients of eigenvalues of matrix signal correlation matrices with sound source distances of 10km and 20km respectively under medium hydrology and with a matrix first array element depth of 30m, and a black line is a water surface underwater target resolution threshold;
FIG. 7 shows two-dimensional distribution of fading coefficients of characteristic values of correlation matrices for matrixes with sound source distances of 10km and 20km respectively in severe hydrology at different depths of initial elements and different sound sources;
fig. 8 shows the distribution of fading coefficients of eigenvalues of matrix signal correlation matrices of which the sound source distances are 10km and 20km respectively under severe hydrology and the depth of the first array element of the matrix is 30m, and a black line is a discrimination threshold of underwater targets on the water surface.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention relates to a shallow sea water surface underwater target resolution method based on correlation matrix eigenvalue decay coefficient, which characterizes the vertical correlation of sound field by the magnitude of matrix signal correlation matrix eigenvalue decay coefficient eta (rho); the fading coefficient of the matrix signal correlation matrix eigenvalue on the threshold corresponds to the water surface sound source, otherwise, the matrix signal correlation matrix eigenvalue is an underwater sound source.
In the invention, the larger the fading coefficient of the eigenvalue of the correlation matrix of the array signal is, the more concentrated the distribution of the eigenvalue is, the weaker the corresponding oscillation of the correlation matrix is, the stronger the vertical correlation of the sound field is, and the corresponding sound source on the water surface is; the smaller the fading coefficient of the eigenvalue of the matrix signal correlation matrix, the more dispersed the eigenvalue distribution, the stronger the corresponding correlation matrix oscillation, and the weaker the vertical correlation of the sound field, corresponding to the underwater sound source.
In the actual shallow sea sound transmission process, under the condition of neglecting the side wave, the sound signal can be represented by the sum of a plurality of transmittable normal waves; the order and amplitude of the normal wave mode have close relation with the depth of a target sound source and a receiver and the like.
The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: calculating a correlation coefficient matrix rho of a shallow sea vertical array receiving target signal;
step 2: obtaining the distribution of the eigenvalue lambda (rho) of the sound field correlation coefficient matrix rho;
in the step 2, λ (ρ) ═ λ1(ρ),λ2(ρ),…,λN(ρ)]And N is the number of the vertical array elements.
And step 3: processing the characteristic value lambda (rho);
after treatment in step 3,. lambda.1(ρ)≥λ2(ρ)≥…≥λN(ρ)。
And 4, step 4: obtaining a fading coefficient eta (rho) of a correlation matrix eigenvalue based on the eigenvalue;
in the step 4, the process of the step,
Figure BDA0003349828130000051
and 5: performing sound field modeling by using hydrological data of measuring environment, and calculating a fading coefficient eta of a correlation matrix eigenvalue of a vertical array copy field by using simulated sound field dataref；
In the simulation of the invention, the critical depth of shallow sea is 20-30 m underwater.
In the invention, the critical depth is usually used for simulation, namely, the vertical array is usually set to be the critical depth of 20-30 m under water during simulation; on the basis of the above, with etarefAnd (3) representing the simulation attenuation coefficient of the sound field of the vertical array, wherein the vertical array is usually set to be the critical depth of 20-30 m underwater in the simulation process, and the sound source is also the critical depth of 20-30 m.
Step 6: utilizing actual correlation matrix eigenvalue fading coefficient eta (rho) and simulated correlation matrix eigenvalue fading coefficient eta (rho)refContrast to realize the depth of sound sourceAnd (4) identifying the underwater target on the shallow sea surface.
In said step 6, defining
Figure BDA0003349828130000052
With H0Representing sound sources from the surface, H1Representing a sound source coming from underwater.
Fig. 2 shows three typical hydrological conditions of the shallow sea for subsequent simulation, including good hydrology, medium hydrology and severe hydrology.
Correspondingly, as shown in fig. 3, for a good underwater sound source distance of 10km and 20km, the fading coefficients of the eigenvalues of the correlation matrix are distributed in two dimensions at different depths of the first array element and at different depths of the sound source; as shown in fig. 4, in good hydrology, when the depth of the first array element of the matrix is 30m, the distances of the sound sources are respectively 10km and 20km, the characteristic values of the matrix signal correlation matrix decay coefficient are distributed, and the black line is the resolution threshold of the underwater target on the water surface.
Correspondingly, as shown in fig. 5, the two-dimensional distribution of the fading coefficients of the eigenvalues of the correlation matrix is obtained for the matrixes with the sound source distances of 10km and 20km respectively in the medium hydrology at different first array element depths and different sound source depths; as shown in fig. 6, under the condition that the depth of the first array element of the matrix is 30m in medium hydrology, the distances of the sound sources are respectively 10km and 20km, the characteristic values of the correlation matrix of the matrix signals are distributed with fading coefficients, and the black line is the underwater target resolution threshold of the water surface.
Correspondingly, as shown in fig. 7, the two-dimensional distribution of the fading coefficients of the eigenvalues of the correlation matrix at different depths of the first array element and at different depths of the sound source is a matrix with sound source distances of 10km and 20km respectively in the severe hydrology; as shown in fig. 8, when the depth of the first array element of the matrix is 30m in severe water, the distances of the sound sources are 10km and 20km respectively, the characteristic values of the matrix signal correlation matrix decay coefficient are distributed, and the black line is the resolution threshold of the underwater target on the water surface.

Claims (7)

1.一种基于相关矩阵特征值衰弱系数的浅海水面水下目标分辨方法，其特征在于：所述方法以基阵信号相关矩阵特征值衰落系数η(ρ)的大小表征声场垂直相关性；阈值上的基阵信号相关矩阵特征值的衰落系数对应水面声源，反之为水下声源。1. a shallow sea surface underwater target discrimination method based on correlation matrix eigenvalue attenuation coefficient, it is characterized in that: described method characterizes sound field vertical correlation with the size of matrix signal correlation matrix eigenvalue attenuation coefficient η (ρ); Threshold value; The fading coefficient of the eigenvalues of the correlation matrix of the matrix signal above corresponds to the surface sound source, and vice versa for the underwater sound source. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于相关矩阵特征值衰弱系数的浅海水面水下目标分辨方法，其特征在于：所述方法包括以下步骤：2. a kind of shallow sea surface underwater target discrimination method based on correlation matrix eigenvalue attenuation coefficient according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described method comprises the following steps: 步骤1：计算浅海垂直阵接收目标信号的相关系数矩阵ρ；Step 1: Calculate the correlation coefficient matrix ρ of the target signal received by the shallow sea vertical array; 步骤2：获得声场相关系数矩阵ρ的特征值λ(ρ)的分布；Step 2: Obtain the distribution of the eigenvalue λ(ρ) of the sound field correlation coefficient matrix ρ; 步骤3：对特征值λ(ρ)进行处理；Step 3: Process the eigenvalue λ(ρ); 步骤4：基于特征值，获得相关矩阵特征值衰落系数η(ρ)；Step 4: Based on the eigenvalues, obtain the correlation matrix eigenvalue fading coefficient η(ρ); 步骤5：利用测量环境水文数据进行声场建模，利用仿真声场数据计算垂直阵拷贝场的相关矩阵特征值衰落系数ηref；Step 5: utilize the measurement environment hydrology data to carry out sound field modeling, utilize the simulation sound field data to calculate the correlation matrix eigenvalue fading coefficient η ref of the vertical array copy field; 步骤6：利用实际的相关矩阵特征值衰落系数η(ρ)与仿真的相关矩阵特征值衰落系数ηref对比，实现声源深度的估计，对浅海水面水下目标进行分辨。Step 6: Use the actual correlation matrix eigenvalue fading coefficient η(ρ) to compare with the simulated correlation matrix eigenvalue fading coefficient ηref to estimate the depth of the sound source and distinguish the underwater targets on the shallow sea surface. 3.根据权利要求2所述的一种基于相关矩阵特征值衰弱系数的浅海水面水下目标分辨方法，其特征在于：所述步骤2中，λ(ρ)＝[λ1(ρ),λ2(ρ),…,λN(ρ)]，其中N为垂直阵阵元个数。3. a kind of shallow sea surface underwater target discrimination method based on correlation matrix eigenvalue attenuation coefficient according to claim 2, is characterized in that: in described step 2, λ (ρ)=[λ 1 (ρ), λ 2 (ρ),…,λ N (ρ)], where N is the number of vertical array elements. 4.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于相关矩阵特征值衰弱系数的浅海水面水下目标分辨方法，其特征在于：步骤3处理后，λ1(ρ)≥λ2(ρ)≥…≥λN(ρ)。4. a kind of shallow sea surface underwater target discrimination method based on correlation matrix eigenvalue weakening coefficient according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: after step 3 is processed, λ 1 (ρ)≥λ 2 (ρ)≥...≥ λ N (ρ). 5.根据权利要求4所述的一种基于相关矩阵特征值衰弱系数的浅海水面水下目标分辨方法，其特征在于：所述步骤4中，
Figure FDA0003349828120000021
5. a kind of shallow sea surface underwater target discrimination method based on correlation matrix eigenvalue attenuation coefficient according to claim 4, is characterized in that: in described step 4,
Figure FDA0003349828120000021
 6.根据权利要求2所述的一种基于相关矩阵特征值衰弱系数的浅海水面水下目标分辨方法，其特征在于：所述步骤6中，定义
Figure FDA0003349828120000022
以H0表示来自水面的声源，H1表示来自水下的声源。6. a kind of shallow sea surface underwater target discrimination method based on correlation matrix eigenvalue attenuation coefficient according to claim 2, is characterized in that: in described step 6, define
Figure FDA0003349828120000022
Let H 0 represent the sound source from the water surface, and H 1 represent the sound source from the underwater. 7.根据权利要求6所述的一种基于相关矩阵特征值衰弱系数的浅海水面水下目标分辨方法，其特征在于：临界深度为水下20～30m。7 . The method for identifying underwater targets in shallow sea water based on the eigenvalue attenuation coefficient of the correlation matrix according to claim 6 , wherein the critical depth is 20-30 m underwater. 8 .
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