CN114280234B - Device and method for quality control and effect evaluation test in earthen site anchoring and reinforcement process - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of quality evaluation of anchor reinforcement of earthen sites, and is mainly applied to defect identification, health diagnosis and working performance detection research from the installation process of an earthen site anchor system to the long-term service period; in particular to a test device and a test method for quality control and effect evaluation in the anchoring and reinforcement process of the earthen site. The device comprises an anchoring system, an anchoring blank defect, an anchor rod comprehensive parameter measuring system, an acoustic frequency stress wave nondestructive testing system and a fiber bragg grating strain monitoring system; the device and the method for evaluating the quality control and the effect of the earthen site anchoring and reinforcing process are rich in functions, high in integration level, easy to adjust test conditions, wide in age, rich in working conditions and stable in data.

Description

A test device for quality control and effect evaluation of the anchorage reinforcement process of earthen ruins and method

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of quality evaluation of anchorage reinforcement of earthen sites and is mainly used in research on defect identification, health diagnosis and work performance detection of the anchorage system of earthen sites from the installation process to long-term service. It specifically relates to the quality control and effect of the anchoring and reinforcement process of earthen sites. Evaluation test equipment and methods.

Background technique

Earthen ruins are an important part of geotechnical cultural relics, reflecting human beings' ability to transform and utilize the natural environment, and providing important empirical evidence for human civilization activities, social relations, and economic foundations in a specific period. A large number of earthen relics remain in the arid and semi-arid areas of northwest my country. They have the characteristics of large historical span, wide distribution range and high cultural relic value in time and space. These earthen buildings have greatly promoted the mutual integration and progress of civilizations along the Silk Road. In the context of advancing the national cultural strategy, scientific protection of earthen sites is an important task for utilizing, inheriting and promoting the Silk Road and regional history and culture.

The structural characteristics and material composition of the soil itself determine the vulnerability of the site. Under the action of long-term natural forces, various forms of diseases have appeared on the bodies and carriers of earthen ruins. Among them, stability problems caused by crack cutting are the most prominent, seriously affecting the long-term preservation of earthen ruins. In the context of a large number of earthen ruins in urgent need of protection and reinforcement, anchor anchoring technology provides technical support for the mechanical stability control of earthen ruins and ensures the authenticity, integrity and continuity of the value of earthen ruins. The current research applications and social benefits achieved show that the anchoring technology of earthen sites has gradually developed into an independent direction and become an important branch of anchoring technology science. In view of the cultural relic attributes of earthen sites, non-destructive testing technology to achieve fast, high-precision and reliable anchoring construction quality and working status is an inevitable trend in the development of anchorage of earthen sites. However, at the current stage of research, based on buried resistive strain detection elements and temporary lossy anchor pull-out tests, it is far from being able to reveal the health status and long-term performance of the anchor system from the installation process to long-term service, resulting in earthen ruins. Risk uncertainty and potential hazards after reinforcement. Therefore, the development of a full life cycle test device and method that integrates anchoring defect identification, health diagnosis and working performance testing has become an urgent technical issue that needs to be solved, which can directly provide technical systems for process quality control and effect evaluation of anchoring systems in preventive protection. Theoretical and methodological support.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to propose a test device and method for quality control and effect evaluation of the anchorage reinforcement process of earthen sites, so as to solve the problem that the existing anchorage pull-out test based on buried resistive strain detection elements and temporary lossy anchorage are far from satisfactory. Reveal the health status and long-term working performance of the anchoring system from the installation process to long-term service, as well as the risk uncertainty and potential hidden dangers after the earthen site is reinforced.

In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

A test device for quality control and effect evaluation of the anchoring process of earthen sites, including an anchoring system, anchoring slurry defects, anchor comprehensive parameter measurement system, acoustic stress wave non-destructive testing system, and fiber grating strain monitoring system;

The anchoring system is used to simulate the anchoring and reinforcement of earthen ruins;

The anchoring void slurry defect is used to simulate the local slurry under-saturation defect in the anchoring system;

The anchor parameter measurement system is used to provide the pull-out force for the test anchor and measure the anchoring force and anchor displacement of the anchoring system;

The acoustic stress wave non-destructive testing system is used for inversion detection of anchor rod length, anchoring system compactness detection, anchoring defect location and length inversion detection and offset hole anchor inversion detection;

The fiber grating strain monitoring system is used to monitor and test the strain distribution characteristics of the anchor rod-anchoring slurry interface, the anchoring slurry-rammed soil layer interface, and the temperature change rules of the anchoring slurry bonding and solidification;

Further, the anchoring system includes a transparent PVC pipe, a rammed earth layer, anchoring slurry, an anchor centering bracket, a test anchor and a rotating pressure-bearing plate; the rammed earth layer is rammed into the transparent PVC pipe, and the rammed earth layer There is an anchor hole; the anchor centering bracket is sleeved on the outside of the test anchor; the rotating pressure-bearing plate is fixed on the bottom of the test anchor; the test anchor is placed in the center of the anchor hole in the rammed soil layer ; The anchoring slurry is poured between the anchor hole of the rammed soil layer and the test anchor rod.

Further, the anchoring void defects include PVC pipes and EPS foam; the PVC pipe is placed between the test anchor rod and the anchoring slurry, and the PVC pipe isolates the test anchor rod from the anchoring slurry; the EPS foam is bonded The agent is blocked on both sides of the PVC pipe to form a sealed local air slurry section inside the PVC pipe.

Further, the anchor parameter measurement system includes a hollow hydraulic cylinder, a manual oil pump, a hollow pressure sensor, a tie rod displacement sensor, a magnetic meter base, a digital display, a rotating anchor anchor, a steel hollow reaction plate and a computer. ; The steel hollow reaction plate passes through the test anchor rod and is placed on the top of the transparent PVC pipe; the hollow hydraulic cylinder passes through the test anchor rod and is placed on the steel hollow reaction plate; the manual oil pump passes through the oil pipe and the hollow The hydraulic cylinders are connected; the hollow pressure sensor passes through the test anchor and is placed on the top of the hollow hydraulic cylinder; the rotary anchor anchor passes through the test anchor and is fixed on the top of the pressure sensor; the pull-rod displacement sensor passes through the magnetic meter base It is fixed on the side wall of the hollow pressure sensor; the digital display is connected to the hollow pressure sensor and the pull rod displacement sensor through wires; the computer is connected to the digital display through wires.

Further, the acoustic stress wave non-destructive testing system includes an anchor non-destructive testing instrument, a piezoelectric accelerometer and an excitation device; the excitation device is placed on the top of the test anchor, and the excitation device is on the top of the test anchor during operation. Generate an excitation source; the piezoelectric accelerometer is placed on the top of the test anchor, and the piezoelectric accelerometer is used to receive reflected signals during operation; the anchor non-destructive detector is connected to the piezoelectric accelerometer through a wire; The anchor non-destructive testing instrument is connected to the computer through wires.

Preferably, the excitation device 43 is any one of an excitation hammer or a supermagnetic seismic source.

Further, the fiber grating strain monitoring system includes a fiber grating demodulator, an optical fiber, a fiber grating strain sensor and a fiber grating temperature sensor; the fiber grating strain sensor and fiber grating temperature sensor are written on the optical fiber and formed on the optical fiber. Series multi-point measurement; the optical fiber is bonded and packaged in the prefabricated groove of the test anchor along the axial direction of the anchor, so that the grating of the fiber grating strain sensor and the interface strain of the test anchor-anchoring slurry change synergistically, thereby making the optical fiber The interfacial bonding and curing temperature of the grating of the grating temperature sensor and the test anchor rod-anchoring slurry changes synergistically; the optical fiber is bonded and fixed to the inner wall of the anchor hole in the rammed soil layer along the axial direction of the anchoring system, so that the grating of the fiber grating strain sensor and the anchorage The interfacial strain of the slurry-rammed earth layer changes synergistically, causing the interfacial bonding and solidification temperature of the grating of the fiber grating temperature sensor and the anchoring slurry-rammed earth layer to synergistically change; the fiber grating demodulator is connected to the optical fiber through a wire; the The fiber grating demodulator is connected to the computer through wires.

A test method for the quality control and effect evaluation test device of the anchorage reinforcement process of earthen ruins, including:

From the initial grouting stage to the long-term maintenance process of the anchoring system, each measurement, detection and monitoring system can be tested independently or combined to complete the test;

Preferably, the test method for the independent test of the anchor comprehensive parameter measurement system is as follows: basic tests and creep tests of the anchor system can be completed by adding load levels, load cycles and observing time changes; the digital display stores the results through the computer in the software Analyze the age pull-out force, age load-displacement relationship, age load-elastic displacement relationship and age load-plastic displacement relationship of the anchoring system;

Preferably, the test method for the independent test of the acoustic stress wave non-destructive testing system is: based on Fourier transform, Hilbert-Huang and other vibration signal analysis and processing methods, the anchor non-destructive testing instrument stores the results and analyzes the anchor in the software through the computer. System age consolidation wave speed, fundamental frequency and other time-frequency characteristic relationships and test anchor bottom and anchoring defect reflection signal characteristics, to achieve test anchor length inversion age detection, anchoring system compactness age detection, anchoring defect location And length inversion age detection and offset hole anchor inversion age detection;

Preferably, the test method for the independent test of the fiber Bragg grating strain monitoring system is: based on the changes in the grating reflection wavelength in the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor and the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor, the fiber Bragg grating demodulator stores the results and analyzes the anchoring slurry bonding in the software through the computer. During the hardening process, the strain distribution age characteristics and temperature change age characteristics of the anchor rod-anchor slurry interface (including the anchor slurry defective section), the strain distribution age characteristics and temperature change age characteristics of the anchor slurry-rammed soil layer interface were tested;

Preferably, the test method for the combined test of the acoustic stress wave non-destructive testing system and the anchor comprehensive parameter measurement system is: the acoustic frequency stress wave non-destructive testing system can realize the inversion detection of the length of the anchor rod body when testing the anchor system under different pull-out loads. , Anchorage system compactness detection, anchoring defect location and length inversion detection and offset hole anchor inversion detection;

Preferably, the test method for the combined test of the fiber Bragg grating strain monitoring system and the anchor comprehensive parameter measurement system is: the fiber Bragg grating strain monitoring system can analyze the test anchor-anchor slurry interface (including anchorage) of the anchor system under different pull-out loads. Slurry defect section) strain distribution characteristics and temperature change characteristics, anchoring slurry-rammed soil layer interface strain distribution characteristics and temperature change characteristics;

Preferably, when all the measurement, detection and monitoring systems are combined for testing, anchorage tests such as testing anchor rods, testing anchor rod-anchoring slurry interfaces, anchoring slurry-rammed soil layer interfaces, and anchoring void slurry defects under different ages and loads can be completed. Quality evaluation and characteristic analysis of all units of the system, and research on defect identification, health diagnosis and working performance testing of the full-length bonded anchoring system from the installation process to long-term service of the earthen site.

In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are:

1. This device is rich in functions and highly integrated. It can simultaneously perform anchoring system pullout tests, anchor rod length inversion detection tests, anchoring system compactness detection tests, anchoring system defect location and length inversion detection tests, and deviation holes. Anchor inversion detection test, test anchor-anchoring slurry interface strain distribution monitoring test and bonding solidification temperature change monitoring test, anchoring slurry-rammed soil layer interface strain distribution monitoring test and bonding solidification temperature change monitoring test.

2. The anchoring system parameters of this device can be adjusted according to the test conditions. Transparent PVC pipes of different lengths and diameters can be replaced to meet the test needs of different anchoring system sizes; rammed soil layers of different density and thickness can be rammed to meet Simulate the test needs of different shapes of earth-made sites; rammed soil layers with different axial angles between the ramming and anchoring systems can be built to meet the test needs of different anchor oblique insertion angles; anchor holes with different hole wall shapes, diameters and lengths can be drilled , to meet the test needs of different anchor hole characteristics; GFRP anchors of different lengths and diameters can be replaced to meet the test needs of different anchor parameters; the test of the tension-type full-length bonded anchoring system can be realized without setting up a rotating pressure-bearing plate Demand; Rotating pressure-bearing plates of different sizes and shapes can be set up to meet the test requirements of the pressure-type full-length bonded anchoring system.

3. The preset defects of the anchoring system of this device can be adjusted according to the test conditions, and grouting can be completed in the anchor holes of the rammed soil layer to meet the test requirements of the complete anchoring system; different numbers, lengths and positions of empty grout defects can be set , to meet the test requirements of the air slurry defect anchoring system; the position of the middle hole of the anchor centering bracket can be changed to meet the test requirements of the anchor offset hole anchoring system.

4. The test period of this device is extensive. From the initial grouting stage to the long-term maintenance process of the anchoring system, the fiber grating strain monitoring system can complete continuous automatic data collection; the acoustic stress wave non-destructive testing system can achieve uninterrupted manual data collection; the anchor rod The comprehensive parameter measurement system can perform anchor pullout tests at any age.

5. The test conditions of this device are rich. Under the test conditions of different load levels or load cycles provided by the comprehensive parameter measurement system of the anchor rod, the fiber grating strain monitoring system and the acoustic stress wave non-destructive testing system can complete the test conditions of the anchor system under different loading conditions. of data collection.

6. The anchoring system of this device is presented in an open style. The use of transparent PVC pipes allows the visibility of the stress and deformation characteristics of the interface between the rammed soil layers of the anchoring system during the pull-out test.

7. The test data of this device is accurate and has high stability. Compared with the limitation that resistive strain sensors are easily damaged in moisture-enclosed anchoring systems, fiber grating sensors have strong anti-interference ability, good insulation, corrosion resistance, and stable chemical properties. They can achieve multi-point distributed measurement with high measurement accuracy and resolution. .

8. Each system of this device works together to sense information synchronously. The data collection and storage of each measurement, detection and monitoring system are independent devices, which save key information of the collected data in real time, and each data is synchronously transmitted to the same computer for comprehensive processing and data analysis of results.

9. The test conditions of this device truly reflect the technical requirements for anchoring of earthen sites. Based on the high precision and durability of optical fiber sensors and the non-destructive, fast and reliable characteristics of the non-destructive testing system, the test device and method are very suitable for on-site inspection of anchorage projects of earthen sites. High portability.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the quality control and effect evaluation control test device for the anchorage reinforcement process of earthen ruins;

Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the anchor centerer of the centered anchor anchoring system;

Figure 3 Schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the anchor centerer of the offset hole anchor anchoring system;

Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the anchoring system;

Figure 5 Flow chart of the test method for quality control and effect evaluation of the anchorage reinforcement process of earthen sites.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

A test device for quality control and effect evaluation of the anchoring process of earthen sites, including an anchoring system, anchoring slurry defects, anchor comprehensive parameter measurement system, acoustic stress wave non-destructive testing system, and fiber grating strain monitoring system;

The anchoring system is used to simulate the anchoring and reinforcement of earthen ruins;

The anchoring void slurry defect is used to simulate the local slurry under-saturation defect in the anchoring system;

The anchor comprehensive parameter measurement system is used to provide the pull-out force for the test anchor and measure the anchoring force and anchor displacement of the anchoring system;

The acoustic stress wave non-destructive testing system is used for inversion detection of anchor rod length, anchoring system compactness detection, anchoring defect location and length inversion detection and offset hole anchor inversion detection;

The fiber grating strain monitoring system is used to monitor and test the strain distribution characteristics of the anchor rod-anchoring slurry interface, the anchoring slurry-rammed soil layer interface, and the temperature change rules of the anchoring slurry bonding and solidification;

Further, the anchoring system includes a transparent PVC pipe 11, a rammed soil layer 12, an anchoring slurry 13, an anchor centering bracket 14, a test anchor 15 and a rotating pressure-bearing plate 16; the rammed soil layer 12 is rammed on In the transparent PVC pipe 11, there are anchor holes in the rammed soil layer 12; the anchor centering bracket 14 is sleeved on the outside of the test anchor 15; the rotating pressure-bearing plate 16 is fixed on the bottom of the test anchor 15; The test anchor 15 is placed in the center of the anchor hole of the rammed soil layer 12; the anchoring slurry 13 is poured between the anchor hole of the rammed soil layer 12 and the test anchor 15.

Further, the anchoring void defects include PVC pipe 21 and EPS foam 22; the PVC pipe 21 is placed between the test anchor 15 and the anchoring slurry 13, and the PVC pipe 21 isolates the test anchor 15 from the anchoring slurry 13. ; The EPS foam 22 is sealed on both sides of the PVC pipe 21 through adhesive, so that a sealed local air slurry section is formed inside the PVC pipe 21.

Further, the anchor parameter measurement system includes a hollow hydraulic cylinder 31, a manual oil pump 32, a hollow pressure sensor 33, a tie rod displacement sensor 34, a magnetic meter base 35, a digital display 36, a rotary anchor anchor 37, steel The hollow reaction plate 38 and the computer 39 are made; the steel hollow reaction plate 38 passes through the test anchor 15 and is placed on the top of the transparent PVC pipe 11; the hollow hydraulic cylinder 31 passes through the test anchor 15 and is placed on the steel on the hollow reaction plate 38; the manual oil pump 32 is connected to the hollow hydraulic cylinder 31 through an oil pipe; the hollow pressure sensor 33 passes through the test anchor 15 and is placed on the top of the hollow hydraulic cylinder 31; the rotary anchor anchor 37 Pass through the test anchor rod 15 and be fixed on the top of the pressure sensor 34; the pull rod displacement sensor 34 is fixed on the side wall of the hollow pressure sensor 33 through the magnetic table base 35; the digital display 36 is connected to the hollow pressure sensor 33 and the pull rod through wires The displacement sensor 34 is connected; the computer 39 is connected to the digital display 36 through wires.

Further, the acoustic stress wave non-destructive testing system includes an anchor non-destructive testing instrument 41, a piezoelectric accelerometer 42 and an excitation device 43 (vibration hammer or super magnetic source); the excitation device 43 (vibration hammer) or supermagnetic seismic source) is placed on the top of the test anchor 15, and the excitation device 43 generates an excitation source on the top of the test anchor 15 during operation; the piezoelectric accelerometer 42 is placed on the top of the test anchor 15, and the piezoelectric accelerometer 42 is placed on the top of the test anchor 15 when working. The accelerometer 42 is used to receive reflected signals; the anchor non-destructive detector 41 is connected to the piezoelectric accelerometer 42 through wires; the anchor non-destructive detector 41 is connected to the computer 39 through wires.

Further, the fiber grating strain monitoring system includes a fiber grating demodulator 51, an optical fiber 52, a fiber grating strain sensor 53 and a fiber grating temperature sensor 54; the fiber grating strain sensor 53 and the fiber grating temperature sensor 54 are written on the fiber 52 on the optical fiber 52, and form a series multi-point measurement on the optical fiber 52; the optical fiber 52 is bonded and packaged in the prefabricated groove of the test anchor 15 along the axial direction of the anchor, so that the grating of the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 54 and the test anchor 15 - The interfacial strain of the anchoring slurry 13 changes synergistically, causing the grating of the fiber grating temperature sensor 54 to change synergistically with the test anchor 15 - the interfacial bonding and solidification temperature of the anchoring slurry 13; the optical fiber 52 is bonded and fixed to the ram along the axial direction of the anchoring system The inner wall of the anchor hole of the soil layer 12 causes the grating of the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 54 to change the strain at the interface between the anchoring slurry 13 and the rammed soil layer 12, causing the grating of the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor 54 to change the interface between the anchoring slurry 13 and the rammed soil layer 12. The bonding curing temperature changes synergistically; the fiber grating demodulator 51 is connected to the optical fiber 52 through wires; the fiber grating demodulator 51 is connected to the computer 39 through wires.

Instructions:

According to the requirements of the process quality control and effect evaluation test design of the earthen site anchoring system for the detection position, quantity and spacing of the interface strain of the anchor rod 15-anchoring slurry 13 and the solidification temperature change of the anchoring slurry 13, the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 53, fiber grating temperature The sensor 54 is written on the corresponding detection point of the optical fiber 52; the test anchor 15 can select GFRP anchors of different diameters according to the test design requirements; a groove is opened along the axial side wall of the test anchor 15 from the top to the bottom, and the groove size should be The number of grooves and the number of buried optical fibers 52 are determined according to the experimental design requirements to meet the requirements of the buried optical fiber 52; the optical fiber 52 is encapsulated with an adhesive into the groove of the test anchor 15 to meet the requirements of the grating and test anchor of the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 53. The rod 15-anchoring slurry 13 interface strain cooperatively deforms to meet the coordinated change of the bonding and solidification temperature of the grating of the fiber grating temperature sensor 54 and the test anchor rod 15-anchoring slurry 13 interface;

Regarding the requirements on the number, size and location of anchoring air slurry defects, select PVC pipes 21 with an appropriate number, length and diameter and place them at the corresponding positions of the packaged optical fiber 52 test anchors 15. The diameter of the PVC pipe 21 should be smaller than the diameter of the anchor hole in the test design; The top and bottom ends of the PVC pipe 21 are sealed with EPS foam 22 and adhesive is used to bond the gaps to form a closed cavity. According to the requirements of the test design, anchoring void defects may not be set inside the anchoring system to meet the requirements of the complete anchoring system. Testing requirements.

According to the requirements on the shape of the rammed soil layer 12, the characteristics of the anchor holes and the angle of the anchor rods, the collapsed ruins soil prepared to the optimal moisture content is rammed into the transparent PVC pipe 11 in layers. The ramming process and filling amount can be changed. , to meet the experimental design requirements for the compactness and thickness of the rammed soil layer 12, and by changing the axial angle between the rammed soil layer 12 and the transparent PVC pipe 11, to meet the experimental design requirements for the oblique insertion angle between the rammed soil layer 12 and the test anchor 15; Holes are made in the rammed soil layer 12 by manual drilling or mechanical drilling, simulating the anchor holes drilled in the earthen site by laying anchor rods. The characteristics of the drill rods are designed based on the experimental design of the anchor hole wall shape, diameter and length. The demand is determined. During the drilling process, the drill pipe should be kept coincident with the center line of the transparent PVC pipe 11; the rammed soil layer 12 after the hole is formed is maintained in the transparent PVC pipe 11 to the natural moisture content of the earth site.

For the requirements on the detection position, quantity and spacing of the anchoring slurry 13 - rammed soil layer 12 interface strain and the solidification temperature change of the anchoring slurry 13, the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 53 and the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor 54 are written on the corresponding detection points of the optical fiber 52 to form a series connection. Multi-point measurement; stick optical fibers 52 along the anchor hole axis from the top to the bottom of the inner wall, and the number of optical fibers 52 to be stuck is determined according to the experimental design requirements.

For the anchoring system parameter requirements, 14 sets of anchor centering brackets are placed on the test anchor 15. The number and position of the anchor centering brackets 14 should be determined according to the length of the test anchor 15; the rotating pressure-bearing plate 16 is fixed on The size and shape of the bottom of the test anchor 15 and the rotating pressure-bearing plate 16 are determined according to the experimental design requirements for the stress characteristics of the pressure-type full-length bonded anchoring system; the bottom of the test anchor 15 may not be set according to the requirements of the experimental design. Rotating pressure-bearing plate 16 to meet the test requirements of the tension type full-length bonded anchoring system; insert the packaged optical fiber 52 that sets the anchor centering bracket 14 and the test anchor 15 that houses the anchoring defect into the transparent PVC pipe 11. The anchor centering bracket 14 should fit the inner wall of the anchor hole to ensure that the position of the test anchor 15 is fixed; the anchor centering bracket 14 can be set with the middle hole centered or the middle hole eccentric to adjust the position of the test anchor 15 in the anchor hole. position to meet the test design requirements for the anchor rod in the center of the anchor hole or the anchor rod offset hole in the anchoring system; the length of the exposed section of the test anchor rod 15 should meet the requirements for installing the hollow hydraulic cylinder 31, the hollow pressure sensor 33 and the rotary anchor anchor 37 Requirements, the distance from the test anchor 15 to the bottom of the transparent PVC pipe 11 should be determined based on the over-drilling depth of the anchoring system.

Regarding the requirements for the mix ratio, water-cement ratio and grouting process of the anchor grout 13, use a pressure grouting machine, syringe or gravity grouting to pour the pre-prepared anchor grout 13 into the anchor hole. The fluidity of the anchor grout 13 should meet the grouting requirements. sexual requirements; the anchoring slurry 13 is in direct contact with the optical fiber 52 adhered to the inner wall of the hole, which satisfies the cooperative deformation of the grating of the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 53 and the interface strain of the anchoring slurry 13-rammed soil layer 12, and satisfies the grating and anchoring of the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor 54 The bonding and solidification temperature of the interface between the slurry 13 and the rammed soil layer 12 changes synergistically.

For the requirements of pull-out test inspection of the anchoring system, the steel hollow reaction plate 38 passes through the exposed section of the test anchor 15 and is placed on the top of the transparent PVC pipe 11, and the hollow hydraulic cylinder 31 passes through the exposed section of the test anchor 15 and is placed in the steel hollow On the reaction plate 38, the hollow pressure sensor 33 passes through the exposed section of the test anchor 15 and is placed on the hollow hydraulic cylinder 31. The end of the test anchor 15 is locked by the rotating anchor anchor 37; during the installation of the equipment, ensure that the test anchor The center lines of the rod 15, steel hollow reaction plate 38, hollow hydraulic cylinder 31, and hollow pressure sensor 33 coincide; the steel hollow reaction plate 38 should be opened according to the position of the optical fiber 52 arranged at the anchor slurry 13-rammed soil layer 12 interface. Meet the wire requirements for leading out the optical fiber 52; the pull-rod displacement sensor 34 is fixed on the outer wall of the hollow pressure sensor 33 through the magnetic meter base 35, and the displacement needle of the pull-rod displacement sensor 34 is placed on the steel hollow reaction plate 38. The pull-rod displacement before testing The sensor 34 should be in a compressed state; the hydraulic oil is transferred to the hollow hydraulic cylinder 31 through the manual oil pump 32, and the piston in the hollow hydraulic cylinder 31 is lifted to provide a pulling force to the anchoring system; during the test, the pulling reaction force generated by the hollow hydraulic cylinder 31 Acting on the steel hollow reaction plate 38 and releasing it to the transparent PVC pipe 11, the steel hollow reaction plate 38 should meet the stiffness requirements to resist elastic deformation caused by the pull-out reaction force; the anchoring force of the anchoring system is reflected through the hollow pressure sensor 33 to It is recorded and stored in the digital display 36, and the displacement of the test anchor 15 is reflected to the digital display 36 through the tie rod displacement sensor 34, recorded and stored;

For the age requirements of non-destructive testing of the anchoring quality of the anchoring system, an excitation hammer or a supermagnetic seismic source is used as the source to excite the top of the test anchor 15, causing the test anchor 15 to vibrate along the axial direction of the anchor; during the test, by fitting The piezoelectric accelerometer 42 on the top end of the test anchor 15 acquires vibration signals, which are transmitted by wires to the anchor non-destructive detector 41 for recording and storage; in order to reduce the horizontal component force generated when the excitation hammer or supermagnetic source excites To prevent the lateral vibration of the test anchor 15 from interfering with the effective detection signal, the top end of the anchor should be flat during detection and the excitation hammer or supermagnetic seismic source should be excited vertically; in order to reduce the contact surface between the piezoelectric accelerometer 42 and the end of the test anchor 15 The influence of the coupling degree on the detection waveform. When collecting signals, apply coupling agent on the contact surface.

For the detection requirements of the test anchor 15-anchoring slurry 13 interface and the anchoring slurry 13-rammed soil layer 12 interface, the optical fiber 52 packaged in the test anchor 15 is connected to the fiber grating demodulator 51 through a wire, and the fiber grating demodulator 51 is attached to the anchor. The optical fiber 52 on the inner wall of the hole is connected to the fiber Bragg grating demodulator 51 through wires; during the test process, the changes in the grating reflection wavelength in the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 53 and the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor 54 are transmitted to the fiber Bragg grating demodulator 51 for recording through wires. and store.

Test methods, including:

From the initial grouting stage to the long-term maintenance process of the anchoring system, each measurement, detection and monitoring system can be tested independently or combined to complete the test;

When the anchor comprehensive parameter measurement system is tested independently, the test method is: complete the basic test and creep test of the anchor system through load level, load cycle and observation time changes; the digital display 36 stores the results in the software through the computer 39 Analyze the age pull-out force, age load-displacement relationship, age load-elastic displacement relationship and age load-plastic displacement relationship of the anchoring system;

When the acoustic stress wave non-destructive testing system is tested independently, the test method is: based on Fourier transform, Hilbert-Huang (HHT) and other vibration signal analysis and processing methods, the anchor non-destructive testing instrument 41 stores the results through the computer 39 in the software Analyze the relationship between time-frequency characteristics such as the age of the anchoring system, such as consolidation wave speed and fundamental frequency, and the reflection signal characteristics of the base of the test anchor 15 and anchor defects, to achieve the inversion age detection of the length of the test anchor 15 and the age of the anchoring system compactness. Detection, anchorage defect location and length inversion age detection;

When the fiber Bragg grating strain monitoring system is tested independently, the test method is: based on the changes in the grating reflection wavelength in the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 53 and the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor 54, the fiber Bragg grating demodulator 51 stores the results and analyzes the anchoring slurry in the software through the computer 39 13 During the bonding hardening process, the strain distribution age characteristics and temperature change age characteristics of the anchor rod 15-anchor slurry 13 interface (including the anchor slurry defective section), the strain distribution age characteristics of the anchor slurry 13-rammed soil layer 12 interface and Temperature change age characteristics;

The test method for the combined test of the acoustic stress wave non-destructive testing system and the anchor comprehensive parameter measurement system is: The acoustic frequency stress wave non-destructive testing system can realize the test of the anchor system under different pull-out loads, inversion detection of the length of the anchor rod 15, and anchorage System compactness detection, anchoring defect location and length inversion detection, and offset hole anchor inversion detection;

The test method for the combined test of the fiber Bragg grating strain monitoring system and the anchor comprehensive parameter measurement system is as follows: The fiber Bragg grating strain monitoring system can analyze the test anchor 15-anchor slurry 13 interface (including anchor voids) of the anchor system under different pull-out loads. Slurry defect section) strain distribution characteristics and temperature change characteristics, anchoring slurry 13-rammed soil layer 12 interface strain distribution characteristics and temperature change characteristics;

During the combined test of all measurement, detection and monitoring systems, the test anchor 15, the test anchor 15-anchoring slurry 13 interface, the anchoring slurry 13-rammed soil layer 12 interface, anchoring void slurry defects, etc. were completed under different ages and different loads. Quality evaluation and characteristic analysis of all units of the anchoring system, and research on defect identification, health diagnosis and working performance testing of the full-length bonded anchoring system from the installation process to long-term service of the earthen site.

The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Inside.

Claims (2)

1. A test device for quality control and effect evaluation of the anchoring process of earthen sites, including an anchoring system, anchoring slurry defects, anchor comprehensive parameter measurement system, acoustic stress wave non-destructive testing system, and fiber grating strain monitoring system; The anchoring system is used to simulate the anchoring and reinforcement of earthen ruins; The anchoring void slurry defect is used to simulate the local slurry under-saturation defect in the anchoring system; The anchor comprehensive parameter measurement system is used to provide the pull-out force for the test anchor and measure the anchoring force and anchor displacement of the anchoring system; The acoustic stress wave non-destructive testing system is used for inversion detection of anchor rod length, anchoring system compactness detection, anchoring defect location and length inversion detection and offset hole anchor inversion detection; The fiber grating strain monitoring system is used to monitor and test the strain distribution characteristics of the anchor rod-anchoring slurry interface, the anchoring slurry-rammed soil layer interface, and the temperature change rules of the anchoring slurry bonding and solidification; The anchoring system includes a transparent PVC pipe, a rammed earth layer, anchoring slurry, an anchor centering bracket, a test anchor and a rotating pressure-bearing plate; the rammed earth layer is rammed in a transparent PVC pipe, and there is a Anchor hole; the anchor centering bracket is sleeved on the outside of the test anchor; the rotating pressure-bearing plate is fixed on the bottom of the test anchor; the test anchor is placed in the center of the anchor hole in the rammed soil layer; the Anchor slurry is poured between the anchor hole in the rammed soil layer and the test anchor rod; The anchoring air slurry defects include PVC pipes and EPS foam; the PVC pipe is placed between the test anchor rod and the anchoring slurry, and the PVC pipe isolates the test anchor rod and the anchoring slurry; the EPS foam is blocked by adhesive On both sides of the PVC pipe, a sealed local air slurry section is formed inside the PVC pipe; The anchor comprehensive parameter measurement system includes a hollow hydraulic cylinder, a manual oil pump, a hollow pressure sensor, a tie rod displacement sensor, a magnetic meter base, a digital display, a rotating anchor anchor, a steel hollow reaction plate and a computer; The steel hollow reaction plate passes through the test anchor and is placed on the top of the transparent PVC pipe; the hollow hydraulic cylinder passes through the test anchor and is placed on the steel hollow reaction plate; the manual oil pump connects to the hollow hydraulic cylinder through the oil pipe connected; the hollow pressure sensor passes through the test anchor and is placed on the top of the hollow hydraulic cylinder; the rotary anchor anchor passes through the test anchor and is fixed on the top of the pressure sensor; the pull rod displacement sensor is fixed on the top of the hollow hydraulic cylinder through a magnetic table base On the side wall of the hollow pressure sensor; the digital display is connected to the hollow pressure sensor and the pull rod displacement sensor through wires; the computer is connected to the digital display through wires; The acoustic stress wave non-destructive testing system includes an anchor non-destructive testing instrument, a piezoelectric accelerometer and an excitation device; the excitation device is placed on the top of the test anchor; the piezoelectric accelerometer is placed on the top of the test anchor ; The anchor non-destructive testing instrument is connected to the piezoelectric accelerometer through wires; the anchor non-destructive testing instrument is connected to the computer through wires; The excitation device is any one of an excitation hammer or a supermagnetic seismic source; The fiber Bragg grating strain monitoring system includes a fiber grating demodulator, an optical fiber, a fiber grating strain sensor and a fiber grating temperature sensor; the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor and fiber grating temperature sensor are written on the optical fiber, and form a series multiplexer on the optical fiber. Point measurement; the optical fiber is bonded and packaged in the prefabricated groove of the test anchor along the axial direction of the anchor rod; the optical fiber is bonded and fixed to the inner wall of the anchor hole of the rammed soil layer along the axial direction of the anchoring system; the fiber grating demodulation The instrument is connected to the optical fiber through wires; the fiber grating demodulator is connected to the computer through wires. 2. A test device for quality control and effect evaluation of the anchorage process of earthen ruins as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the test device can complete the measurement, detection and testing from the initial grouting stage to the long-term maintenance process of the anchoring system. monitor; The test method for the independent test of the anchor comprehensive parameter measurement system is: complete the basic test and creep test of the anchor system through load level, load cycle and observation time changes; the digital display stores the results and analyzes the anchor system in the software through the computer. The age pull-out force, age load-displacement relationship, age load-elastic displacement relationship and age load-plastic displacement relationship; The test method for the independent test of the acoustic stress wave non-destructive testing system is: based on Fourier transform and Hilbert-Huang vibration signal analysis and processing methods, the anchor non-destructive testing instrument stores the results and analyzes the age and solidity of the anchoring system in the software through the computer. The time-frequency characteristic relationship between the knot wave speed and fundamental frequency and the reflection signal characteristics of the test anchor rod bottom and anchoring defects can be used to realize the inversion age detection of the length of the test anchor rod body, the age detection of the compactness of the anchoring system, and the inversion age of the anchoring defect location and length. Age detection and inversion age detection of eccentric hole anchors; The test method for the independent test of the fiber Bragg grating strain monitoring system is: based on the changes in the grating reflection wavelength in the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor and fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor, the fiber Bragg grating demodulator stores the results and analyzes the bonding and hardening process of the anchor slurry in the software through the computer. Test the strain distribution age characteristics and temperature change age characteristics of the anchor rod-anchoring slurry interface, and the strain distribution age characteristics and temperature change age characteristics of the anchor slurry-rammed soil layer interface; The test method for the combined test of the acoustic stress wave non-destructive testing system and the anchor comprehensive parameter measurement system is: The acoustic frequency stress wave non-destructive testing system can realize the test of the anchor system under different pull-out loads, inversion detection of the length of the anchor rod body, and anchoring system Density detection, anchoring defect location and length inversion detection and offset hole anchor inversion detection; The test method for the combined test of the fiber Bragg grating strain monitoring system and the anchor comprehensive parameter measurement system is as follows: The fiber Bragg grating strain monitoring system can analyze the strain distribution characteristics and temperature changes of the test anchor-anchor slurry interface of the anchor system under different pull-out loads. Characteristics, strain distribution characteristics and temperature change characteristics of the anchor slurry-rammed soil layer interface; During the combined test of all measurement, detection and monitoring systems, the quality evaluation and characteristics of test anchors, test anchor-anchoring slurry interfaces, anchoring slurry-rammed soil layer interfaces and anchoring slurry defects under different ages and loads can be completed Analyze and implement research on defect identification, health diagnosis and working performance testing of the full-length bonded anchoring system from the installation process to long-term service of earthen sites; Among them, the above-mentioned measurement, detection and monitoring systems can be tested independently or can be combined to complete the test.