Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an adaptive blind equalization method and system based on WDTB burst signals, which are large in operation amount and not suitable for WDTB burst signal scenes, and the adaptive blind equalization method and system are used for carrying out adaptive blind equalization by combining an RLS algorithm and an LMS algorithm under the condition that priori information is not available, so that the residual error of the algorithm is reduced under the condition that the complexity of the equalization algorithm is basically unchanged, and the current WDTB burst signal scene of the method is ensured.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
In one aspect, the invention provides a self-adaptive blind equalization method based on WDTB burst signals, which comprises the following steps:
S1, obtaining an intermediate frequency signal;
s2, performing multiple filtering on the intermediate frequency signal;
S3, carrying out timing synchronization and frequency offset correction on the data obtained after the multiple filtering;
s4, carrying out self-adaptive blind equalization by sequentially utilizing an RLS method and an LMS method according to the data obtained after timing synchronization and frequency offset correction;
And S5, sequentially performing initial phase correction and symbol level processing on the data obtained after the self-adaptive blind equalization to obtain decoding output.
The invention adopts a mode of combining an RLS algorithm and an LMS algorithm to carry out self-adaptive blind equalization on input data, and utilizes the characteristics of high convergence speed of the RLS algorithm and simple calculation of the LMS algorithm to carry out primary self-adaptive blind equalization by adopting the RLS algorithm before data equalization convergence, and further carries out further equalization by utilizing the LMS algorithm after equalization is stable, thereby further realizing the simplest self-adaptive blind equalization on the basis of ensuring rapid convergence. And in the self-adaptive blind equalization process, an error threshold is set, the error value obtained in the RLS algorithm equalization process is compared with the error threshold, and the time for switching the RLS algorithm to the LMS algorithm is determined according to the comparison result. In addition, the invention carries out multiple filtering on the output intermediate frequency signal at the beginning, and reduces errors through digital filtering and self-adaptive algorithm.
As a further description of the present invention, before S3, digital down-conversion and matched filtering are performed on the data obtained after the multiple filtering, to obtain a low-frequency SNR value.
As a further description of the present invention, the S3 includes:
s31, performing coarse timing synchronization on the low-frequency SNR value by using a synchronization head to obtain a data frame head;
and S32, carrying out frequency offset measurement and compensation on the data frame header by utilizing the synchronous header pilot frequency to obtain a frequency offset value.
S33, performing fine timing synchronization on the frequency offset value to obtain a frequency offset value without sampling error;
s34, aiming at the frequency offset value without sampling error, utilizing a PLL loop to carry out frequency tracking to obtain a precise frequency offset value.
As a further description of the invention, the method of adaptive blind equalization is:
S41, presetting an error threshold;
S42, performing self-adaptive blind equalization on the fine frequency offset value by using an RLS method, comparing an error value obtained in the self-adaptive blind equalization process with the error threshold, and if the error value is smaller than the error threshold, switching a self-adaptive blind equalization using method from the RLS method to an LMS method, and continuing the self-adaptive blind equalization by using the LMS method.
As a further description of the invention, the symbol level processing method comprises the steps of sequentially descrambling, data despreading and LDPC decoding the data obtained after initial phase correction, and finally obtaining decoding output.
In another aspect, the present invention provides an adaptive blind equalization system based on WDTB burst signals, comprising:
the signal acquisition module is used for acquiring intermediate frequency signals;
The adaptive filter is used for carrying out multiple filtering on the intermediate frequency signal;
the timing synchronization module is used for performing timing synchronization on the data obtained after the multiple filtering;
the frequency offset correction module is used for carrying out frequency offset correction on the data after timing synchronization;
the self-adaptive equalization module is used for carrying out self-adaptive blind equalization by sequentially utilizing an RLS method and an LMS method according to the data obtained after the frequency offset correction;
The initial phase correction module is used for sequentially carrying out initial phase correction on the data obtained after the self-adaptive blind equalization;
And the symbol level processing module is used for performing symbol level processing on the data obtained after the initial phase correction to obtain decoding output.
As a further description of the present invention, the adaptive blind equalization system based on WDTB burst signals further comprises:
The digital down-conversion module is used for carrying out digital down-conversion on the data obtained after the multiple filtering to obtain a low-frequency signal;
And the matched filter is used for carrying out matched filtering on the low-frequency signal to obtain a low-frequency SNR value.
As a further description of the present invention, the timing synchronization module includes:
the coarse timing synchronization unit is used for performing coarse timing synchronization on the data obtained after the frequency offset correction to obtain a data frame header, and transmitting the data frame header to the frequency offset correction module;
and the fine timing synchronization unit is used for carrying out fine timing synchronization on the output data of the frequency offset correction module to obtain a frequency offset value without sampling errors.
As a further description of the invention, the self-adaptive blind equalization system based on WDTB burst signals also comprises a frequency tracking module, which is used for carrying out frequency tracking on the frequency offset value without sampling error by using a PLL loop to obtain a refined frequency offset value.
As a further description of the present invention, the adaptive equalization module includes:
The RLS equalization unit is used for performing first self-adaptive blind equalization on the fine frequency offset value by utilizing an RLS method;
the error comparison unit is used for comparing the error value obtained in the first self-adaptive blind equalization process with the error threshold and outputting a comparison result;
a switching unit for switching a method for adaptive blind equalization from the RLS method to the LMS method when the error value < error threshold;
and the LMS equalization unit is used for carrying out second self-adaptive blind equalization on the data obtained after the first self-adaptive blind equalization by using an LMS method.
As a further description of the present invention, the symbol-level processing module includes:
The data descrambling unit is used for descrambling the data obtained after the initial phase correction;
The data despreading unit is used for despreading the data obtained after descrambling;
and the LDPC decoding unit is used for performing LDPC decoding on the despread data to obtain decoding output.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that through the joint design of the RLS algorithm and the LMS algorithm, intersymbol interference in a burst signal system can be effectively reduced and eliminated, and the communication quality in the satellite burst signal system is improved. The method has good real-time tracking performance, high convergence speed and low steady-state error, and is suitable for WDTB burst signal scenes and multiple modulation mode scenes.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the descriptions thereof are for illustrating the present invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
Because the current WDTB burst signal scene only needs to support single antenna transmission, but the blind equalization method based on the second-order statistical characteristic in the prior art is mainly designed aiming at the scene of two paths of transmission antennas, the operation amount is increased, and the blind equalization method is not suitable for the current WDTB burst signal scene. In this regard, the present embodiment provides a self-adaptive blind equalization method based on WDTB burst signals, where the method is shown in fig. 1, and the method performs self-adaptive blind equalization by combining RLS algorithm with LMS algorithm under the condition that no priori information exists, so as to eliminate intersymbol interference, and specifically includes the following steps:
and step 1, obtaining an intermediate frequency signal.
And 2, performing multiple filtering on the intermediate frequency signal.
The adaptive filter is used in this embodiment to implement the polynomial filtering. The structure and schematic block diagram of the adaptive filter are shown in fig. 2, and mainly comprise two parts, namely a digital filter H (z) and an adaptive algorithm. In the adaptive filter, H (z) mostly selects FIR. Two functions of the adaptive algorithm are mainly learning and tracking. H (z) is updated continuously by the self-adaptive algorithm through continuous learning according to a given initial value, and finally the optimal solution is reached or approximated. x (n) is an input signal, the data after passing through the adaptive filter is y (n), d (n) is a desired signal, and e (n) is an error signal. The adaptive algorithm adjusts the coefficients of the filter according to e (n) such that the mean square error of the error signal e (n) at any instant tends to be minimal.
And 3, performing digital down conversion and matched filtering on the data obtained after the multiple filtering to obtain a low-frequency SNR value.
And 4, performing coarse timing synchronization on the low-frequency SNR value by using a synchronization head to obtain a data frame head.
And 5, carrying out frequency offset measurement and compensation on the data frame header by utilizing the synchronous header pilot frequency to obtain a frequency offset value.
Step 6, performing fine timing synchronization on the frequency offset value to obtain a frequency offset value without sampling error;
and 7, aiming at the frequency offset value without sampling error, utilizing a PLL loop to carry out frequency tracking to obtain a precise frequency offset value.
And 8, aiming at the precise frequency offset data, carrying out self-adaptive blind equalization by using an RLS method and an LMS method in sequence.
As shown in fig. 1, the adaptive blind equalization process is characterized in that according to the characteristic of high convergence rate of the RLS algorithm, the RLS algorithm is adopted to perform primary equalization before data equalization convergence, and after data is basically stable, the LMS algorithm is adopted to perform further equalization, the LMS algorithm is simple to calculate, and the calculated amount can be reduced in a maintenance stage after equalization stabilization, so that the system is ensured to be most simplified under the condition of ensuring the highest convergence rate.
In the adaptive blind equalization process, there is a sequence between the RLS algorithm and the LMS algorithm, so there is a process of switching the adaptive blind equalization method from the RLS algorithm to the LMS algorithm. The method is characterized in that a preset error threshold table mode is adopted for setting, searching is carried out according to different SNR values and modulation modes, and when the error value calculated by the RLS algorithm equalization process is smaller than the preset value found in the table, the self-adaptive blind equalization algorithm is switched to an LMS algorithm.
It should be further noted that,
The RLS algorithm uses least squares, and recursion means that the filter coefficient h (n) at time n is obtained using the filter coefficient h (n-1) at time n-1. The RLS algorithm minimizes epsilon M of the following equation to find the filter coefficient h (n):
Where ρ is a weighting factor, 0< ρ <1. The nature of the above formula using exponential weighting is that errors found on new data are given the greatest weight, while errors found on earlier data are given the lesser weight. The purpose is to enable the newly found h M (n) to track the time-varying statistical characteristics of the input signal as soon as possible.
From the above formula, R M(n)hM(n)=DM (n), where R M (n) is the signal weighted autocorrelation matrix estimated at time n, as follows:
Where D M (n) is the weighted cross-correlation vector estimated at time n,
Therefore, the filter coefficients at time n are:
Thus, recursive expressions of R M (n) and D M (n) are obtained, i.e
DM(n)=ρDM(n-1)+XM(n)d(n)。
Then according to matrix inverse theory to obtainNamely:
Further, define And determining a Kalman gain vector as follows:
Thus, it was obtained:
Next solve for h M (n).
In the formula,The output of the adaptive filter at time n is denoted as: the calculation error is e M (n) =d (n) -y (n).
In order to reduce time consumption in the table lookup comparison process, it may be determined that the RLS algorithm error value is determined according to a preset value N (N > 0) in N receiving processes at each interval, table lookup is performed according to different SNR values and modulation modes, and when e M (N) in the above formula is greater than a preset threshold, the adaptive blind equalization algorithm is switched to the LMS algorithm.
In addition, the LMS algorithm uses the instantaneous error energy e 2 (n) instead of the mean square error energy. As can be seen from the adaptive filter block diagram, the error sequence is: Where X (n) is a data vector.
The gradient vector of the instantaneous error energy is:
the filter coefficients at the n+1th iteration can be found by h (n+1) =h (n) +μe (n) X (n) as follows.
The above can also be written as: h l(n+1)=hl (n) +μx (n-l) e (n), l=0, 1,..m-1, where M is the length of the filter, n is the iteration number, and l is the number of the filter coefficients.
And 9, sequentially performing initial phase correction and symbol level processing on the data obtained after the self-adaptive blind equalization to obtain decoding output. The symbol level processing method comprises the steps of sequentially descrambling, despreading and LDPC decoding the data obtained after initial phase correction, and finally obtaining decoded output.
Through the joint design of the RLS and the LMS algorithm, the intersymbol interference in the burst signal system is effectively reduced and eliminated, and the communication quality in the satellite burst signal system is improved. The method has good real-time tracking performance, high convergence speed and low steady-state error, and is suitable for various modulation mode scenes.
Example 2
In this embodiment, an adaptive blind equalization method based on WDTB burst signals as shown in embodiment 1 is used to simulate in the cases of signal-to-noise ratio snr=30 dB, fine frequency offset fo=2 KHz, and snr=30 dB, fine frequency offset fo=650 KHz, so as to obtain error sequences and constellations before and after equalization under different frequency offset conditions.
At snr=30 db, fo=2 KHz, the error tends to stabilize when iterated to 400 times according to the error sequence curve. When convergence is reached, the error sequence value is approximately 0.02, and the mean error value after stabilization is 0.00718. The simulation results are shown in fig. 3.
At snr=30db, fo=650 KHz, the error tends to stabilize when iterated to 400 times according to the error sequence curve. When convergence is reached, the error sequence value is approximately 0.02, and the mean error value after stabilization is 0.00719. The simulation results are shown in fig. 4.
Example 3
The embodiment provides an adaptive blind equalization system based on WDTB burst signals, which comprises:
the signal acquisition module is used for acquiring intermediate frequency signals;
The adaptive filter is used for carrying out multiple filtering on the intermediate frequency signal;
the timing synchronization module is used for performing timing synchronization on the data obtained after the multiple filtering;
the frequency offset correction module is used for carrying out frequency offset correction on the data after timing synchronization;
the self-adaptive equalization module is used for carrying out self-adaptive blind equalization by sequentially utilizing an RLS method and an LMS method according to the data obtained after the frequency offset correction;
The initial phase correction module is used for sequentially carrying out initial phase correction on the data obtained after the self-adaptive blind equalization;
And the symbol level processing module is used for performing symbol level processing on the data obtained after the initial phase correction to obtain decoding output.
Wherein,
The timing synchronization module includes:
the coarse timing synchronization unit is used for performing coarse timing synchronization on the data obtained after the frequency offset correction to obtain a data frame header, and transmitting the data frame header to the frequency offset correction module;
and the fine timing synchronization unit is used for carrying out fine timing synchronization on the output data of the frequency offset correction module to obtain a frequency offset value without sampling errors.
The adaptive equalization module includes:
The RLS equalization unit is used for performing first self-adaptive blind equalization on the fine frequency offset value by utilizing an RLS method;
the error comparison unit is used for comparing the error value obtained in the first self-adaptive blind equalization process with the error threshold and outputting a comparison result;
a switching unit for switching a method for adaptive blind equalization from the RLS method to the LMS method when the error value < error threshold;
and the LMS equalization unit is used for carrying out second self-adaptive blind equalization on the data obtained after the first self-adaptive blind equalization by using an LMS method.
The symbol-level processing module includes:
The data descrambling unit is used for descrambling the data obtained after the initial phase correction;
The data despreading unit is used for despreading the data obtained after descrambling;
an LDPC decoding unit for performing LDPC decoding on the despread data to obtain decoded output
In addition, the adaptive blind equalization system based on WDTB burst signals further comprises:
The digital down-conversion module is used for carrying out digital down-conversion on the data obtained after the multiple filtering to obtain a low-frequency signal;
the matched filter is used for carrying out matched filtering on the low-frequency signal to obtain a low-frequency SNR value;
and the frequency tracking module is used for carrying out frequency tracking on the frequency deviation value without sampling error by utilizing the PLL loop to obtain a precise frequency deviation value.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.