CN114254484B - A method for arranging monitoring wells and determining tracer injection boundaries for landfill leakage detection - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于填埋场渗漏探测的监测井布置和示踪剂注入边界确定方法。本发明旨在利用示踪剂在填埋体和阻隔屏障的运移规律确定现场示踪剂试验注入井中示踪剂的注入量及监测井的布置。考虑示踪剂在填埋体和阻隔屏障中的扩散和对流作用，结合菲克定律、达西定律和质量守恒方程建立示踪剂运移的二维控制方程，利用拉普拉斯‑傅里叶变换和Talbot数值反演得到方程的解。根据填埋场覆盖层、垃圾体和底部衬垫的尺寸、孔隙率和渗透特性等不同特征，确定示踪剂的注入量和阻隔屏障渗漏监测井的布置方法。本发明提出的方法计算高效、可靠，可用于在役填埋场阻隔屏障的渗漏探测和高效定位，对于填埋场的治理具有重要的工程价值。
The present invention discloses a method for arranging monitoring wells and determining tracer injection boundaries for landfill leakage detection. The present invention aims to determine the injection amount of tracers in field tracer test injection wells and the arrangement of monitoring wells by using the migration law of tracers in landfill bodies and barriers. Considering the diffusion and convection of tracers in landfill bodies and barriers, a two-dimensional control equation for tracer migration is established in combination with Fick's law, Darcy's law and mass conservation equation, and the solution of the equation is obtained by Laplace-Fourier transform and Talbot numerical inversion. According to different characteristics of the landfill cover layer, garbage body and bottom liner, such as size, porosity and permeability characteristics, the injection amount of tracers and the arrangement method of barrier barrier leakage monitoring wells are determined. The method proposed by the present invention is efficient and reliable in calculation, can be used for leakage detection and efficient positioning of barrier barriers in service landfills, and has important engineering value for the management of landfills.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of landfill leakage monitoring, and particularly relates to a monitoring well arrangement and tracer injection boundary determination method for landfill leakage detection.
Background
The landfill is composed of a covering layer, a garbage body and a bottom liner, and meanwhile, the pollution of the landfill to underground water, soil and atmosphere is reduced through the bottom liner and the covering layer. However, due to factors such as construction, dry and wet circulation, climate change and the like, the defects such as tearing, loophole and clay cracking of the geomembrane forming the covering layer and the bottom liner of the landfill are easily caused. This results in landfill gas escaping from the overburden and leachate escaping from the bottom pad, contaminating the atmosphere and groundwater. Assuming that the performance of other facilities in the landfill is kept good, the leakage of a 25cm diameter leak in the bottom pad can reach 15 kg/day, about 5.4 tons/year. Leakage of landfill cover layer allows landfill gas to escape, resulting in greenhouse effect and odor disturbing the citizens. There are hundreds of malodorous gases in landfill gas, which once leaked, can severely pollute the environment and affect the health of surrounding residents.
The gas tracer test method can be used for determining various properties of the gas-coated belt system, such as water content, gas flow rate, curvature and the like, and can also be used for testing a gas flow mode in a landfill site and quantifying the residence time of volatile pollutants. The main idea of using tracers to detect leaks is to inject a harmless, environmentally low content, inert and easily monitored tracer gas (such as SF 6) through the injection port into the barrier system (cover system and bottom liner system) creating a large area tracer source. When there is a gap in the barrier, the tracer gas will diffuse through the gap into the adjacent medium, and the concentration of the tracer gas will be measured at different times in the soil gas of the sampling hole outside the barrier. The resulting trace gas concentration versus time data (with the position of the sampling holes, the nature of the medium and the trace gas source concentration) will be provided to the global optimization code. Based on the input relevant parameters, the code iteration will find an optimal solution to accurately locate the leak location. However, the migration law of the tracer in the landfill system is not clear at present, and in order to determine the injection amount of the tracer in the injection well and determine the arrangement method of the monitoring well, it is very necessary to know the migration law of the tracer in the landfill body.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tracer injection amount and leakage position determining method for determining leakage detection of a landfill, aims at detecting leakage in the landfill in a later operation stage of the landfill in the case of serious leakage problem of the landfill in China, provides a calculation method for detecting the tracer injection amount by using a tracer and a placement method for monitoring a well, and has important significance for preliminary judgment of leakage detection of the landfill.
The invention aims at the leakage of barrier barriers such as a bottom liner, a covering layer and the like in a landfill site by utilizing a tracer, and determines the injection quantity and the leakage position of the tracer in an on-site tracer test injection well by utilizing the migration rule of the tracer in the landfill body and the barrier barriers. And (3) taking the diffusion and convection effects of the tracer in the landfill and the barrier into consideration, establishing a two-dimensional control equation of tracer migration by combining the Phak law, the Darcy law and the mass conservation equation, and obtaining a solution of the equation by utilizing Laplace-Fourier transform and Talbot numerical inversion. The injection amount of the tracer and the arrangement method of the barrier leakage monitoring well are determined according to different characteristics such as the size, the porosity, the permeability and the like of the covering layer, the garbage body and the bottom liner of the landfill. The method provided by the invention can be used for leakage detection and positioning of the blocking barrier of the landfill, and has important engineering value for the treatment of the landfill.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
The invention firstly provides a monitoring well arrangement for landfill leak detection and a tracer injection boundary determination method, which are characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1), constructing a physical model of the gas phase tracer injected into the landfill;
Step 2), establishing a control equation and solving the control equation aiming at the physical model;
Step 3.1), calculating the concentration profile and release flux of the tracer agent moving in the landfill system, and drawing the time and space change curves of the tracer agent;
and 3.2) determining the position coordinates of the monitoring points according to the concentration profile and the detection limit of the tracer drawn in the step 3.1), and finding out the points with the concentration equal to the detection limit of the tracer on the calculated concentration profile, wherein the positions of the points and the points with the concentration larger than the points are positions where the monitoring wells can be arranged.
And 4) determining the release flux and concentration of the tracer at the monitoring point, comparing the release flux and the detection limit, determining the injection concentration boundary of the injection well in the step 1) as the actual injection concentration if the concentration or release flux of the tracer at the monitoring point is larger than the detection limit, and repeating the steps 3.1) -4) if the concentration or release flux of the tracer at the monitoring point is smaller than the detection limit, the tracer cannot be detected at the monitoring point, increasing the injection boundary concentration or flux of the injection well.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step 1) specifically includes the following steps:
Determining the thickness of the garbage body as l 1, the thickness of the covering layer as l 2 and the thickness of the bottom liner as l 3 based on the construction scale of the sealed field landfill, measuring the water content of the covering layer, the garbage body and the bottom liner of the landfill on site, obtaining the diffusion coefficient and the convection rate of the gas phase tracer in the covering layer, the garbage body and the bottom liner of the landfill according to the diffusion coefficient calculation model (formula 1) and the Darcy law (formula 2),
Wherein D and D 0 are the diffusion coefficients of the tracer in the soil body and the air respectively, theta a is the gas-containing porosity of the soil body, n is the porosity of the soil body, v is the convection rate of the tracer in the soil body, k a is the permeability coefficient of the tracer in the soil body, and dP/dz is the air pressure gradient at two ends of the soil body.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step 2) specifically includes the following steps:
step 2.1) determining control equations and boundary conditions
Establishing a two-dimensional radial axisymmetric coordinate system by taking a garbage body middle point as an origin, establishing a two-dimensional control equation of tracer migration, injecting the tracer under the condition of constant concentration C 0, and determining boundary conditions used by a model;
Step 2.2) obtaining the migration rule of the tracer in the landfill body, which specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 2.2.1) calculating the migration concentration profile of the tracer on the Laplace domain;
Step 2.2.2) calculating the release flux of the surface tracer on the covering layer on the Laplace domain, and calculating the concentration of the tracer at the bottom of the liner on the Laplace domain;
Step 2.2.3) obtaining the concentration profile and the release flux of the tracer by utilizing Talbot numerical inversion.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step 2.2.1) specifically includes:
Injecting the tracer agent into the landfill body at a constant concentration boundary
Wherein C 0 is the concentration of the tracer in the injection well, p is the time factor on the Laplace domain, mu n and omega n are characteristic roots, r is the radial coordinate, r w is the radius of the injection well, z is the vertical coordinate, and m 2 is the migration parameter of the tracer in the garbage body, and can be calculated by the following formula:
Wherein v is the convection rate of the tracer in the garbage body, theta is the pore rate of the garbage body, D z is the diffusion coefficient of the tracer in the garbage body along the axial direction, and D r is the diffusion coefficient of the tracer in the garbage body along the radial direction;
The concentration of the tracer in the coating is
Where m 3 and m 4 are migration parameters of the tracer in the overburden, and can be calculated from the following formulas, respectively:
Wherein v u is the convection rate of the tracer in the coating, D u is the diffusion coefficient of the tracer in the coating along the axial direction;
Concentration profile of tracer in bottom pad
Where m 5 and m 6 are migration parameters of the tracer in the bottom liner, and are solved by the following equations, respectively:
Where v l is the convection velocity of the tracer in the bottom liner and D l is the diffusion coefficient of the tracer in the bottom liner in the axial direction.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step 2.2.2) specifically includes:
calculating the surface tracer release flux of the cover layer on the Laplace domain:
the liner bottom tracer concentration on the laplace domain was calculated:
Step 2.2.3), specifically:
the concentration profile and the release flux of the tracer are obtained by utilizing Talbot numerical inversion, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein M is a superposition constant, taken as 64, re is a real part of a complex number, gamma i,δi is a Laplace inversion constant, and is defined by the following formula:
Wherein a is an imaginary factor
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
According to the method, the injection quantity of the tracer in the injection well in the on-site tracer experiment can be calculated on the premise of considering the diffusion and convection of the tracer, and meanwhile the arrangement of the monitoring well is determined.
The invention can calculate the migration concentration profile and the release flux of the tracer according to the different water contents of the covering layer, the garbage body and the bottom liner of the landfill. So that the migration law of the tracer can be obtained under different weather conditions. By comparison with the detection limit of the tracer, the placement of the monitoring well can be determined, while the injection boundary of the injection well tracer is determined. The approximate position of the leakage point can be obtained preliminarily by comparing with the field actual measurement data.
By comparing with the numerical simulation theory calculation, the method has good reliability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the calculation of landfill leak detection tracer migration calculation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a computational model of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a cloud of calculated tracer concentration profiles of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph of tracer release flux over time for different gas-containing porosities of the computational model of the invention.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention is further illustrated in the following figures and examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention mainly determines the size of a landfill according to a landfill design drawing, and mainly comprises the depth of the landfill, the thickness l 3 of a bottom liner, the thickness l 1 of a garbage body and the thickness l 2 of a covering layer. The water content of landfill garbage, the water content of the upper liner, the types of the covering layer and the bottom liner materials are obtained through on-site detection, and the diffusion coefficient and the convection rate of the tracer in a landfill system are determined. Injection boundary conditions for the tracer in the injection well are established and the placement of the well is monitored.
The invention is further illustrated by the following calculation of migration law of SF 6 tracer in simplified model of landfill as an example:
As shown in figure 1, the method comprises 4 steps, namely, constructing a physical model of the migration of the tracer in the landfill (injecting the gas-phase tracer into the physical model of the landfill), mainly determining the types and parameters of each part of the landfill, the migration parameters of the tracer and the boundary conditions of an injection well, namely, establishing a control equation and solving the equation to obtain a tracer migration concentration profile and a surface release flux expression, and step 3, drawing a tracer migration concentration profile and a release flux curve, simultaneously determining the positions of monitoring points and the distances between the monitoring points and the injection well (namely, calculating the concentration profile and the release flux of the tracer in a landfill system, drawing a time-space change curve, and determining the position coordinates of the monitoring points according to the drawn concentration profile and the detection limit of the tracer). And step 4, determining the concentration and the release flux of the tracer at the monitoring point, comparing the concentration or the release flux of the tracer at the monitoring point with the detection limit, determining the injection concentration boundary of the injection well in the step 1 as the actual injection concentration if the concentration or the release flux of the tracer at the monitoring point is larger than the detection limit, and increasing the injection boundary concentration or the flux of the injection well if the concentration or the release flux of the tracer at the monitoring point is smaller than the detection limit, and repeating the steps 3 and 4.
The invention can obtain the injection quantity of the tracer and the arrangement method of the monitoring well. In the subsequent monitoring process, the actual concentration of the tracer obtained by the monitoring well is compared with the calculated result, and the approximate position of the leakage point can be obtained preliminarily.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. Step 1) physical model construction by tracer migration in landfill
As shown in fig. 2, the physical model of the tracer migration in a landfill is mainly composed of a cover ①, a refuse receptacle ②, a bottom pad ③, and an injection well ④. Wherein the thickness of the cover layer is assumed to be 1m, the thickness of the garbage body is assumed to be 2m, and the thickness of the bottom liner is assumed to be 1m. According to the materials used for the covering layer and the bottom liner of the typical landfill in China, clay is selected as a main covering material, and the soil porosity n is selected to be 0.46, so that the specific working conditions and parameters of the covering layer and the bottom liner take the values as shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 migration parameters of tracers in soil
The migration parameters of the tracers in the garbage body are as follows in table 2:
TABLE 2 migration parameters of tracers in refuse bodies
Assuming that the injection boundary of the injection well is a constant concentration injection, i.e., the concentration of the tracer in the injection well remains constant, the tracer enters the landfill system in the form of diffusion and convective migration due to concentration differences and pressure differences. The implantation boundaries are as follows:
For ease of field operations and calculations, the present example selects an initial concentration of injection well tracer set to C 0＝10g/m3.
Step 2) model establishment and solution
Concentration profiles of the tracer in landfill cover, refuse body and bottom pad on the laplace domain, and release flux expressions of the tracer on the cover surface are obtained by formulas (1) - (10). Numerical inversion is then performed by equations (13) - (17).
Step 3.1) tracer migration concentration profile and Release flux Curve plotting
A cloud of concentration profiles of the tracer in the landfill system is shown in fig. 3. The working conditions are that the gas-containing porosities of the covering layer, the garbage body and the bottom liner are respectively 0.1,0.2 and 0.1. Table 1 and table 2 give the diffusion coefficient and convection rate of the tracer in the cover layer, the waste body and the bottom liner, respectively. Assuming that the detection limit of the SF 6 detector adopted by the invention is 1ppm, a curve with the concentration of 1ppm can be obtained according to the concentration profile cloud chart of fig. 3, and the radial coordinates of monitoring points at different depths can be determined at t=0.5 year. Monitoring points may be placed 0.5m below the overburden surface layer, i.e. z=1.5m, at a radial distance r=5m from the injection well.
Step 4) injection well injection amount determination and parameter impact analysis
Assuming a detection limit of 1ppm for the SF 6 detector employed in the present invention, the concentration profile plotted according to fig. 3 yields a tracer concentration at the monitoring point location of less than 1ppm at t=0.5 years. The method is characterized in that when the tracer can be detected at the monitoring point for t=0.5 years, if the concentration of the tracer in the injection well needs to be increased, the concentration of the tracer in the injection well is increased by 10 times, the tracer is substituted into the steps 2 and 3 to be calculated, and the calculation is repeated until the concentration of the tracer obtained at the monitoring point is larger than the detection limit, and finally the value of the concentration of the tracer injected into the injection well is the concentration of the tracer injected in the field test. The resulting tracer injection concentration ensures that the tracer is detected at the monitoring point location (concentration greater than the limit of detection) at t=0.5 years. In the subsequent monitoring process, for example, 0.5 year, the rough position of the leakage point can be obtained initially by detecting the tracer concentration data of each monitoring point. The graph of the tracer release flux from the surface of the coating under different conditions of air void content (water content) is shown in fig. 4. From the figure it is seen that the gas porosity of the cover layer has the greatest effect on the tracer release flux, while the gas porosity of the bottom liner has little effect on the tracer release flux. From fig. 4 it can be seen that when θ=0.2, θ l =0.1, t=100 day, the gas-containing porosity of the cover layer increases from 0.1 to 0.3, the tracer release flux increases by 5 orders of magnitude at r=6m. When the gas-containing porosity of the garbage body increases from 0.2 to 0.4 for θ u＝0.3,θl = 0.1,100 days, the release flux of the tracer at r=6m increases by a factor of 2000. Thus, it is desirable to utilize the method of the present invention to monitor well placement and tracer injection boundary determination depending on the specifics of each landfill.
The above embodiments are illustrative of the present invention and not limiting, and any simple modifications of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
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