CN114251980B - Device for interfering and damaging cluster unmanned aerial vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicles, and provides a device for interfering and damaging a cluster unmanned aerial vehicle. When the unmanned aerial vehicle of bee colony scope is too big or too far away, the electromagnetic wave is lower at the field intensity of target department, strikes the relatively poor problem of effect. The system comprises a pulse fiber laser, an optical fiber, an optical waveguide delayer, a graphene film photoconductive switch and an ultra-wideband antenna unit which are sequentially connected, wherein laser emitted by the pulse fiber laser is sent into the optical waveguide delayer through the optical fiber, laser coupling output ends distributed in an array of the optical waveguide delayer output lasers with different time delays to the graphene film photoconductive switch, and then the graphene film photoconductive switch is electrified to control the state of the switch, so that whether each graphene film photoconductive switch generates electromagnetic waves to be transmitted out to the ultra-wideband antenna unit can be controlled, radiation of the electromagnetic waves with different phases generated by different switch combinations is selected to perform phase superposition in a specified direction, and beam synthesis is completed.

Description

A device for jamming and damaging swarm drones

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicles and provides a device for interfering with and damaging clustered unmanned aerial vehicles.

Background technique

With the development of drone technology, especially the emergence of swarm drones, it has brought severe challenges to the defense side. It is difficult to detect, discover and strike. Although lasers can deal with drones, they face When targeting swarm drones, it is difficult to aim and turn the target, and the efficiency is not high, but the use of ultra-wideband electromagnetic waves can kill the surface, especially the method of optically controlled phased array. The damage of conventional broadband electromagnetic waves to swarm drones is to attack swarm drones within the radiation range of electromagnetic waves within the divergence angle designed by the high-power antenna itself. When it is too large or too far away, the field strength of the electromagnetic wave acting on the target is low, and the strike effect is poor. In addition, when the drone group is relatively small or there are swarm drones at different distances within a small angle range, at this time, most of the electromagnetic pulses emitted by a single large divergence angle are not used, and the field strength acting on the target at the same time lower, the strike effect is poor, but using phased array antenna technology, it can be realized that all or part of the positive elements of the antenna array converge in a certain direction, and the other part of the array elements converge in another direction, so that according to different clusters UAVs adopt different beam control strategies to efficiently solve the interference and damage of swarm UAVs.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the damage of conventional broadband electromagnetic waves to swarm unmanned aerial vehicles, which is to use the high-power antenna itself to attack the swarm unmanned aerial vehicles within the radiation range of electromagnetic waves within the divergence angle. This method is simple and convenient, but in the When the range of the swarm of drones is too large or too far away, the field strength of the electromagnetic wave acting on the target is low, and the strike effect is poor.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A device for interfering with and destroying swarm drones, including sequentially connected pulsed fiber lasers, optical fibers, optical waveguide delayers, graphene film photoconductive switches, and ultra-broadband antenna units. The waveguide delayer, the laser coupling output end of the array distribution of the optical waveguide delayer outputs lasers with different time delays to the graphene film photoconductive switch, and then powers up the graphene film photoconductive switch to control the switch state, so that each graphite can be controlled Whether the olefin film photoconductive switch generates electromagnetic waves to be emitted to the ultra-wideband antenna unit, select different switch combinations to generate electromagnetic wave radiation with different phases, and perform phase superposition in the specified direction to complete beamforming. The specific synthesis method is: according to the azimuth and distance information of the target, the computer selects different switches according to the shot tables formed by prior design and training, corresponding to different delays, and directs the main lobe of the coherently synthesized beam to the target according to the difference in phase. The goal is to achieve maximum power density for jamming and damage. For example: when all switches are turned on, it can be designed to synthesize the maximum power density on the axis of the array antenna. Another example: when only two adjacent columns are opened, the beam synthesis can be realized in the direction of 10 degrees from the center, and the beam scanning can be realized by selecting different combinations. The more array elements, the smaller the delay, and the more accurate the beam scanning , the wider the scanning range.

In the above technical solution, the optical waveguide delayer includes an optical fiber beam splitter, a laser coupling input end, an optical waveguide, and a laser coupling output end. , each row of the array is correspondingly provided with a laser coupling input port, after the laser light enters from the laser coupling input port, it is sequentially output to each laser coupling output port of the current row.

In the above technical scheme, the graphene film photoconductive switch includes a semiconductor substrate with a gate structure, a first transition layer, a first graphene film and a cathode arranged on the semiconductor substrate in turn, and a second transition layer arranged on the semiconductor substrate in turn , the second graphene film and the anode.

In the above technical solution, the first transition layer, the first graphene film and the cathode are sequentially arranged on the upper surface of the semiconductor substrate;

The second transition layer, the second graphene film and the anode are sequentially arranged on the upper surface or the lower surface of the semiconductor substrate.

In the above technical solution, the ultra-wideband antenna unit includes an impedance converter, an exponentially involute antenna connected to the impedance converter, an outer cover is provided on the outer cover of the exponentially involute antenna, and a variable pressure oil for immersing the exponentially involute antenna is arranged in the outer cover.

In the above technical solution, the exponentially involute antenna includes an outer cylinder of the antenna and an outer cylinder of the antenna, and pole plates are respectively arranged on the outer cylinder of the antenna and the inner core of the antenna, and the pole plate includes a bottom end and a top end, and the width of the pole plate is from The bottom end and along the top gradually widen, and the top of the plate is an involuted structure.

In the above technical solution, the two pole plates are connected by a support rod.

In the above technical solution, the axes of the outer cylinder of the antenna and the inner core of the antenna are coaxial and parallel.

The present invention also provides a control method for a device that interferes with and damages clustered unmanned aerial vehicles, which is characterized in that different switches are selected to correspond to different The amount of delay, according to the difference in phase, directs the main lobe of the coherently synthesized beam to the target to achieve maximum power density interference and damage.

Because the present invention adopts the above technical scheme, it has the following beneficial effects:

The ultra-broadband electromagnetic wave generated by the graphene film photoconductive switch controls the time delay of each switch through the beam controller, and radiates out at the corresponding antenna. Due to the difference in the time delay, beam synthesis in different directions is formed, and through the control of the time delay In this way, the scanning of the beam is realized, and the electromagnetic waves generated by all switches can be controlled to synthesize and strike a single target in the same target direction, or different numbers of switches can be synthesized in different directions to strike targets in different directions, so as to intelligently attack cluster drones , to achieve a single target long-distance strike, a slightly short-range multi-target strike capability, actually constitutes an optically controlled phased array ultra-broadband electromagnetic wave, which solves the problem of dealing with the interference and damage of cluster drones.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of interference and damage cluster UAV device;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical waveguide time delay device;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the layered structure in which the anode and the cathode are arranged on opposite sides in the graphene film photoconductive switch,

Fig. 4 is the plan view that anode and cathode are arranged on the same side in the graphene film photoconductive switch;

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 4 in a side view state;

6 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultra-wideband antenna unit;

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an ultra-wideband antenna unit;

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of an exponentially involute antenna;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the inner core of the antenna;

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an impedance converter;

Among them, 1-fiber laser, 2-optical fiber, 3-optical waveguide delay device, 4-graphene film photoconductive switch, 5-ultra-wideband antenna unit, 4-1 is the semiconductor substrate, 4-2 is the first transition layer , 4-3 is the first graphene film, 4-4 is the cathode, 4-5 is the second transition layer, 4-6 is the second graphene film, 4-7 is the anode; 5-A-exponential involute antenna , 5-1-impedance transformer, 5-2-connection end, 5-2-2-connection end outer cylinder, 5-3-coaxial wedge feed balun, 5-3-1-antenna inner core, 5-3-1-1-The bottom end of the antenna inner core, 5-3-1-2-The top end of the antenna inner core, 5-3-2-Antenna outer cylinder, 5-4-Outer cover, 5-5-Polar plate, 5-5-1-involute structure, 5-5-2-bottom, 5-5-3-top, 5-6-support rod.

detailed description

A detailed description will be given below of embodiments of the present invention. Although the present invention will be described and illustrated in conjunction with some specific embodiments, it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. On the contrary, any modification or equivalent replacement made to the present invention shall be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

In addition, in order to better illustrate the present invention, numerous specific details are given in the specific embodiments below. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details.

As shown in Figure 1, the interference and damage cluster UAV device, its principle is: when the pulse laser acts on the graphene film photoconductive switch to generate ultra-broadband electromagnetic waves, radiate out through the ultra-broadband antenna unit, multiple graphene film photoconductive switches generate The electromagnetic wave is synthesized at the target. Because its phase can be controlled by the time of opening each switch, that is, the amount of delay, different switch combinations can be achieved and electromagnetic wave beams in different directions can be synthesized, so as to realize unmanned detection in different directions. Fleet strikes and jams.

Wherein the beam controller is the key, and it is made up of waveguide delayer 3, graphene film photoconductive switch 4 and array type ultra-broadband antenna unit 5, realizes the deflection of beam by waveguide optical delayer instead of phase shifter, can greatly Reducing the phase shift error and controlling the electrical scanning of the beam actually constitutes an optically controlled phased array to achieve precise control of the beam.

In phased array radar or electromagnetic wave synthesis, the phase shifter is used as the phase control and phase shift of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna element. The phase shift accuracy determines the efficiency and accuracy of the phased array antenna beam synthesis and deflection, which often leads to phase difference. and beam tilt. The optical waveguide optical real-time delay device of the present invention can accurately control the phase of electromagnetic waves, realize efficient beam synthesis and large-scale accurate scanning, which is the so-called optically controlled phased array.

The optical waveguide delayer 3 includes: an optical fiber beam splitter 3-1, a laser coupling output port 3-2, an optical waveguide 3-3, and a laser coupling output port 3-4, and irradiates the corresponding graphene film photoconductive switch 4.

The optical waveguide delayer is shown in Figure 2. The optical waveguide is a wedge-shaped structure, that is, the thickness of the optical waveguide increases or decreases along one direction, and the optical fiber beam splitter (1×7, 1×19 or 1×N, etc.) Be divided into 7 roads, 19 roads or N roads, namely the leftmost column among Fig. 2, be 4 roads among Fig. 2; And each road can be divided into N branch again, in the embodiment that the present invention provides, as shown As shown in 2, the attack is 8 channels, and the corresponding numbers are 0101-0108 (rows and columns), and the time delay between two adjacent ones is Δt ₁ ,

，c为光速，d₁为相邻量支路之间的距离，h₁为当前支路的波导厚度。in

, c is the speed of light, d ₁ is the distance between adjacent branches, h ₁ is the waveguide thickness of the current branch.

The second road (second row) is numbered 0201-0208 (column), and the delay difference between two adjacent ones is Δt ₂ . The distance between each road is L (the distance between the second road and the first road is L), and so on, Δt ₁ , Δt ₂ , .. Δt _n are fixed and known quantities. In the optical waveguide, the reflectivity of each waveguide branch corresponding to each branch is different. Try to make the difference of the laser power coupled in from 0101-0108 within 10%, so that the laser is divided into N output ports to irradiate the photoconductive switch to generate electromagnetic waves. , you only need to control whether the corresponding switch is powered on or not, you can control whether each switch generates electromagnetic waves. For beam scanning, different delays mean different phases of electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves of different phases produce beamforming in different directions. Computer digital beamforming can be performed according to the orientation of the target and the number of targets to achieve intelligent beamforming and scanning. , can realize the multi-target strike capability of UAV, missile and other targets and the single-target precision damage capability, and it is also an effective solution to the threat of swarm drones and other targets.

Graphene film photoconductive switch

The graphene film photoconductive switch of the present invention adopts a different-plane electrode structure, as shown in Figure 3, etches a grid structure on the semiconductor substrate, adds a layer of graphene film under the switch electrode, and adopts a laser spot with a matching grid structure as a strip When irradiated on the grid structure, a special current channel is formed, which avoids the destruction of the switch by the filamentary current of the surface plasma, reduces the current density on the surface, and forms a bulk current form, which overcomes the high surface current density of the traditional switch. Filamentary current, which burns the switch, becomes bulk current to withstand higher voltages.

The specific structure is:

Graphene film photoconductive switch 4, comprises the semiconductor substrate 4-1 of gate type structure, the first transition layer 4-2, the first graphene film 4-3 and cathode 4-1 that are arranged on the semiconductor substrate 4-1 in sequence 4. The second transition layer 4-5, the second graphene film 4-6 and the anode 4-7 are sequentially arranged on the semiconductor substrate 4-1. The first transition layer 4-2, the first graphene film 4-3 and the cathode 4-4 are sequentially arranged on the upper surface of the semiconductor substrate 4-1; the second transition layer 4-5, the second graphite The alkene film 4-6 and the anode 4-7 are sequentially arranged on the upper surface or the lower surface of the semiconductor substrate 4-1, which means the first transition layer 4-2, the first graphene film 4-3 and the cathode 4-4 It can be arranged on the same side as the second transition layer 4-5, the second graphene film 4-6 and the anode 4-7, or it can be arranged on the opposite side.

The semiconductor substrate 4-1 is made of gallium arsenide or silicon carbide with a purity of more than 99.999%, and periodic grooves are etched, that is, the gate structure 4-8.

The first transition layer 4-2 and the second transition layer 4-5 are metal materials, and the first transition layer 4-2 and the second transition layer 4-5 are made of platinum or palladium, and of course, other metals .

The first graphene film 4-3 and the second graphene film 4-6 are single-layer graphene, and the thickness is on the order of μm.

The cathode 4-4 and the anode 4-7 are made of gold-plated copper.

Periodic grooves are etched on the semiconductor substrate 4-1. The width of the grooves is 1mm-3mm, such as 2mm, the length is 10mm-20mm, such as 11mm, 12mm or 13mm, and the depth is about 3mm. In practice, the triggered laser spot (strip laser as shown in Figure 3) has a width of 1mm-2mm and a length of 10mm-20mm, matching periodic grooves, thus forming a current channel as shown in Figure 4.

Working principle: The strip laser pulse triggers the corresponding gate structure semiconductor. Under the condition of bias in the electric field, the photoconductive material (semiconductor substrate) GaAs/SiC absorbs photons to generate electron-hole pairs, and outputs a large output in the corresponding current channel. The magnitude of the electric pulse, under this gate structure, a higher power photoconductive switch can be obtained. Moreover, due to the addition of the graphene film, the heat dissipation strip and electron mobility of the switch are improved, the steeper the rising edge of the pulse that can be generated, and the wider the frequency band of the ultra-broadband electromagnetic pulse generated. The carrier mobility of graphene at room temperature is about 15,000 cm ² /(V s), and it has very good thermal conductivity. The addition of graphene film greatly improves the ohmic properties of electrodes and transition layers, and GaAs/SiC. Contact, withstand voltage and heat dissipation characteristics, faster switching speed, higher withstand voltage, and higher withstand power density.

In summary, the addition of the strip-shaped light spot matching grid structure and the graphene film further improves the heat dissipation characteristics and the performance of the switch. The withstand voltage, power, bandwidth, repetition frequency and lifespan of the pulse power device thus formed are greatly improved. It solves the problems of low withstand voltage, short life, and low repetition frequency of photoconductive semiconductor switches. As the core device of jammers and radars, it directly affects its achievable power level and combat distance.

UWB Antenna Unit

The ultra-wideband antenna unit 5 includes an impedance converter 5-1, an exponentially involute antenna 5-A connected to the impedance converter 5-1, an outer cover 5-4 is provided on the outer cover of the exponentially involute antenna, and the outer cover 5-4 is arranged There is variable pressure oil for submerging the exponentially involute antenna 5-A.

In the above technical solution, the exponentially involute antenna 5-A includes a coaxial wedge feed balun 5-3, and the coaxial wedge feed balun includes an antenna inner core 5-3-1, an antenna outer cylinder 5- 3-2, pole plates 5-5 are respectively arranged on the antenna outer cylinder 5-3-2 and the antenna inner core 5-3-1.

In the above technical solution, the pole plate 5-5 includes a bottom end 5-5-2 and a top end 5-5-3, and the width of the pole plate 5-5 starts from the bottom end 5-5-2 and along the top end 5-5- 3 gradually widened.

In the above technical solution, the top 5-5-3 of the pole plate 5-5 is an inwardly rolled structure 5-5-1.

In the above technical solution, the two pole plates 5-5 are connected through the support rods 5-6.

In the above technical solution, the antenna outer tube 5-3-2 is coaxial and parallel to the axis of the antenna inner core 5-3-1.

In the above technical solution, a connection end 5-2 is also provided between the exponentially involute antenna 5-A connected to the impedance transformation section 5-1, and the connection end 5-2 includes a connection end outer cylinder 5-2-1 and a plug-in inner core 5-2-2.

In the above technical solution, the impedance transformer 5-1 includes a transition outer cylinder 5-1-1, a transition inner core 5-1-4, and the transition inner core 5-1-4 passes through the lower transition insulator 5-1-2 and the upper transition The insulator 5-1-3 is fixed in the urceolus 5-1-1.

In the above technical solution, the antenna inner core 5-3-1 gradually changes from a cylindrical shape to a flat shape from the bottom end 5-3-1-1 of the antenna inner core to the top end 5-3-1-2 of the antenna inner core.

The coaxial wedge-fed balun of the ultra-wideband antenna unit has the antenna inner core parallel to the axis of the antenna outer cylinder, and the coaxial wedge-fed balun solves the impedance matching within a wide bandwidth range and improves the radiation of the antenna Gain, coaxial wedge feed balun It is a device that changes the high-frequency signal from single-ended input to balanced output, and completes the different impedance matching of the input and output ports. In order to convert the unbalanced structure of the coaxial line into a balanced structure of parallel double lines, a slit is made in the longitudinal direction of the outer conductor of the coaxial line according to a specific change rule, so that the impedance of a point on the slit will change, so that the passband The reflection coefficient inside is distributed according to the Chebyshev function. It has two typical characteristics of a balun: impedance transformation and balanced unbalanced transformation.

Ultra-wideband antenna unit, designed balun to achieve 100 ohm to 60 ohm impedance transformation, the generated ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse is efficiently radiated through the exponentially involute antenna, the frequency band width reaches 180MHz-3GHz, and can work at a power capacity of 1MV. It can interfere and damage electronic equipment such as long-distance drones.

The ultra-broadband antenna unit works at a power capacity of 1MV, and a high voltage of 1,000,000 volts will be formed between the plates, and the easily ionized between the plates will cause sparks to cause the device to be burned. The surface current flows along a smooth path, so that the surface current path is extended, thereby increasing the equivalent point length of the antenna, increasing the gain of the antenna, and avoiding burning the device.

The ultra-broadband antenna unit 5 is integrally sealed with transformer oil in the impedance transformation, nylon jacket, etc., to avoid ignition, and the exponentially involute antenna also ensures the high-efficiency radiation of the ultra-broadband.

Claims (8)

1. A device for interfering and damaging a cluster unmanned aerial vehicle is characterized by comprising a pulse optical fiber laser (1), an optical fiber (2), an optical waveguide delayer (3), a graphene film photoconductive switch (4) and an ultra-wideband antenna unit (5) which are sequentially connected, wherein laser emitted by the pulse optical fiber laser (1) is sent into the optical waveguide delayer (3) through the optical fiber (2), laser coupling output ends (3-4) distributed in an array of the optical waveguide delayer output lasers with different delays to the graphene film photoconductive switch (4), and then the graphene film photoconductive switch (4) is powered up to control the on-off state, so that whether each graphene film photoconductive switch (4) generates electromagnetic waves or not to be emitted to the ultra-wideband antenna unit (5) can be controlled, radiation of the electromagnetic waves with different phases generated by different switch combinations is selected to perform phase superposition in a specified direction, and beam synthesis is completed;

the optical waveguide delayer (3) comprises an optical fiber beam splitter (3-1), a laser coupling input end (3-2), an optical waveguide (3-3) and a laser coupling output end (3-4), wherein the optical waveguide (3-3) is of an inclined plane structure (3-3-1), an array formed by the laser coupling output ends (3-4) is arranged on the inclined plane structure (3-3-1), each row of the array is correspondingly provided with one laser coupling input end (3-2), and laser enters from the laser coupling input end (3-2) and is sequentially output to each laser coupling output end (3-4) of the current row.

2. The device for interfering and destroying the clustered unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the graphene film photoconductive switch (4) comprises a semiconductor substrate (4-1) with a grid structure, a first transition layer (4-2), a first graphene film (4-3) and a cathode (4-4) which are sequentially arranged on the semiconductor substrate (4-1), and a second transition layer (4-5), a second graphene film (4-6) and an anode (4-7) which are sequentially arranged on the semiconductor substrate (4-1), wherein the semiconductor substrate (4-1) is made of one of gallium arsenide or silicon carbide with a purity of more than 99.999%, and periodic grooves, namely the grid structure (4-8), are etched.

3. An apparatus for disturbing and destroying clustered drones, according to claim 2, characterized in that said first transition layer (4-2), said first graphene film (4-3) and said cathode (4-4) are arranged in sequence on the upper surface of a semiconductor substrate (4-1);

the second transition layer (4-5), the second graphene film (4-6) and the anode (4-7) are sequentially arranged on the upper surface or the lower surface of the semiconductor substrate (4-1).

4. An arrangement for jamming and damaging trunked drons according to claim 1, characterised in that the ultra-wideband antenna unit (5) comprises an impedance transformer (5-1), an exponentially diverging antenna (5-a) connected to the impedance transformer (5-1), a cover (5-4) surrounding the exponentially diverging antenna, and a pressure-varying oil arranged inside the cover (5-4) for submerging the exponentially diverging antenna (5-a).

5. The device for interfering with and destroying a trunked unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 4, wherein the exponentially-involute antenna (5-A) comprises an outer antenna cylinder (5-3-2) and an inner antenna core (5-3-1), a pole plate (5-5) is arranged on the outer antenna cylinder (5-3-2) and the inner antenna core (5-3-1), the pole plate (5-5) comprises a bottom end (5-5-2) and a top end (5-5-3), the width of the pole plate (5-5) gradually widens from the bottom end (5-5-2) to the top end (5-5-3), and the top end (5-5-3) of the pole plate (5-5) is in an inward-rolling structure (5-5-1).

6. A device for interfering and destroying unmanned aerial vehicles clusters according to claim 5, wherein the two pole plates (5-5) are connected by means of support rods (5-6).

7. A device for interfering and damaging a cluster drone according to claim 2, characterized in that the outer antenna cylinder (5-3-2) is coaxial and parallel to the axis of the inner antenna core (5-3-1).

8. A control method of a device for interfering and destroying cluster unmanned aerial vehicles according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, according to the azimuth and distance information of the target, according to the shooting table designed and trained in advance, different graphene film photoconductive switches (4) are selected to correspond to the laser with different time delays, and according to the difference of phases, the coherent-synthesized main beam lobe is directed to the target, so as to realize the interference and destruction with maximum power density.

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