CN114250463B - Preparation method of intelligent coating with double energy absorption and impact resistance - Google Patents

Abstract

The preparation method of an intelligent coating with double energy absorption and impact resistance is designed to solve the problems of severe wear, easy failure and short service life of the existing metal mechanical moving parts under the conditions of large impact and high wear. Preparation method: 1. Mix the high temperature resistant fiber and NiXY metal powder by ball milling; 2. Mix the strengthening phase powder and FeMnSiA metal powder by ball milling; 3. Grind the metal substrate; 4. Apply ultrasonic vibration on the metal substrate and adopt laser cladding process Prepare an adaptive energy-absorbing layer; Fifth, prepare a self-hardening wear-resistant layer by laser cladding; Six, polish the double energy-absorbing coating; Seven, perform ultrasonic deep rolling treatment on the double energy-absorbing coating. The surface layer of the double energy-absorbing impact-resistant intelligent coating of the present invention transforms the impact energy into self-strengthening power through the energy-absorbing phase transition mechanism, and the inner layer absorbs the longitudinal impact energy and transmits and diffuses it laterally to improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of the coating.

Description

Preparation method of intelligent coating with double energy absorption and impact resistance

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of surface engineering, and in particular relates to a preparation method of an "adaptive-self-hardening" double energy-absorbing and impact-resistant intelligent coating.

Background technique

In recent years, due to the development of technology, the power of various mechanical equipment has gradually increased, making the working environment of mechanical parts more and more complex and harsh, such as heavy impact, high wear and harsh working conditions, and its moving parts are frequently fatigued, worn, and broken Waiting for failure, so it needs to be replaced in time, resulting in a significant increase in production costs. At present, the use of surface modification technology to prepare impact-resistant and wear-resistant coatings on the surface of materials is an effective means to prolong the service life of parts.

The structural design features of impact-resistant coatings include single-layer and multi-layer structural coatings. Single-layer coatings are prone to edge cracks and radial cracks under impact, and their service life is short. Multi-layer coatings exhibit high cyclic impact resistance under low impact loads, but poor cyclic impact resistance under high impact loads, making it difficult to use them for a long time under severe conditions of high impact and high wear. In order to break through the problem of short service life of impact-resistant coatings under high-impact and high-wear conditions, the publication number is CN113118001A, and the patent name is "A Preparation Method for Composite Coatings with Impact and Wear Resistance". Urea and graphene-supported molybdenum disulfide nanosheets are in-situ polymerized to prepare a polyurea-graphene composite impact-resistant and high-wear resistance coating, but due to the physical properties of polyurea, its performance is severely weakened when it exceeds 200 °C , cannot effectively protect the parts from being used for a long time under large impact and high wear conditions. Publication No. CN113235036A, the patent title is "Preparation Method of Hard Particle Reinforced Impact and Wear-Resistant Coating for Machine-made Sand", in which the combination of plasma spraying and laser remelting is used to prepare hard particle-reinforced impact-resistant coating on high manganese steel Abrasion coating has good impact resistance and wear resistance, but the coating is limited by the high manganese steel substrate. If the substrate is replaced, it will be difficult to resist large impact. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a strong and tough integrated coating with strong bonding, high impact resistance and high wear resistance to greatly improve the service life of parts under severe conditions of high impact and high wear.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of severe wear, easy failure and short service life of the existing metal mechanical moving parts under the conditions of large impact and high wear, and to provide a double-absorbent with "adaptive-self-hardening" A method for preparing an impact-resistant intelligent coating.

The preparation method of the intelligent coating with double energy absorption and impact resistance of the present invention is realized according to the following steps:

1. Preparation of adaptive energy-absorbing layer alloy powder:

Mix 3%-8% high temperature resistant fiber and 92%-97% NiXY metal powder by ball milling according to weight percentage to obtain adaptive energy-absorbing layer alloy powder;

2. Preparation of self-hardening wear-resistant layer alloy powder;

Ball milling and mixing 10%-20% of strengthening phase powder and 80%-90% of FeMnSiA metal powder according to weight percentage to obtain self-hardening wear-resistant layer alloy powder;

3. Grinding the metal substrate to obtain a metal substrate with a smooth surface after cleaning;

4. Apply ultrasonic vibration on the metal substrate with smooth surface, adopt laser cladding process, use adaptive energy-absorbing layer alloy powder as cladding powder, control laser cladding parameters: laser wavelength 1053nm, laser power 1000-2000W, The scan rate is 5-15mm/s, and an adaptive energy-absorbing layer is prepared on the surface of the metal substrate;

5. The self-hardening wear-resistant layer is prepared by laser cladding process on the energy-absorbing adaptive layer, and the self-hardening wear-resistant layer alloy powder is used as the cladding powder. The laser cladding parameters are controlled as follows: laser wavelength 1053nm, laser power 1500- 2200W, scan rate 5-15mm/s, double energy-absorbing coating is prepared on the surface of the metal substrate;

6. Grinding, cleaning and drying the double energy-absorbing coating;

7. Perform ultrasonic deep rolling treatment on the double energy-absorbing coating to obtain an intelligent coating with double energy-absorbing and impact resistance;

Wherein in step one, X in the NiXY alloy is Ti, Mn or Al, and Y is one or more mixed elements in Cu, Co, Nb, Ga, In, Sn, W; the strengthening phase described in step two is One or more mixed powders of ZrO ₂ , Cr ₃ C ₂ , TiC, SiC, WC, and A in the FeMnSiA alloy in step 2 is one or more of Co, Ni, Mo, Al, V, Cr Mixed elements.

The invention designs a double energy-absorbing and impact-resistant intelligent coating with "self-adaptation-self-hardening". The double energy-absorbing and impact-resistant intelligent coating is divided into a self-hardening (reinforced) wear-resistant layer and an adaptive energy-absorbing layer. The surface layer is a self-hardening wear-resistant layer. When subjected to a large impact, it uses its own energy-absorbing phase transition mechanism to convert the impact energy into self-strengthening power, improving the overall performance of the coating strength, hardness, etc., and at the same time weakening the inward conduction. impact energy. The inner layer is a damping self-adaptive energy-absorbing layer with energy transmission channels, which can absorb longitudinal impact energy through energy transmission channels and then transmit and diffuse it horizontally. damage, so that mechanical parts will not easily fail and have a longer lifespan.

The present invention relates to a preparation method of an "adaptive-self-hardening" double energy-absorbing and impact-resistant intelligent coating, which prepares a double energy-absorbing and impact-resistant intelligent coating through ultrasonic field-assisted laser cladding technology, and optimizes the ultrasonic field generator The angle, frequency, and amplitude of the ultrasonic vibration control fibers tend to be arranged horizontally in the self-adaptive energy-absorbing layer to form a transverse energy diffusion channel. The grinding layer improves the comprehensive mechanical properties of the coating, and endows the surface of the coating with a certain residual compressive stress, improves the fatigue resistance of the material, and finally realizes the synergistic improvement of the coating's resistance to large impact and high-speed wear.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that the present invention has double energy-absorbing and impact-resistant intelligent coating;

Fig. 2 is the average microhardness test figure at different depths of the smart coating with double energy-absorbing impact resistance and the Ni-based wear-resistant layer in the embodiment, wherein ■ represents the smart coating, and ● represents the Ni-based wear-resistant layer;

Fig. 3 is the curve diagram of the friction coefficient between the smart coating with double energy absorption and impact resistance and the Ni-based wear-resistant layer in the embodiment, wherein 1 represents the smart coating, and 2 represents the Ni-based wear-resistant layer;

Fig. 4 is a histogram of the impact energy of the intelligent coating with double energy absorption and impact resistance and the Ni-based wear-resistant layer in the embodiment.

Detailed ways

Specific Embodiment 1: The preparation method of the intelligent coating with double energy absorption and impact resistance in this embodiment is implemented according to the following steps:

1. Preparation of adaptive energy-absorbing layer alloy powder:

Mix 3%-8% high temperature resistant fiber and 92%-97% NiXY metal powder by ball milling according to weight percentage to obtain adaptive energy-absorbing layer alloy powder;

2. Preparation of self-hardening wear-resistant layer alloy powder;

Ball milling and mixing 10%-20% of strengthening phase powder and 80%-90% of FeMnSiA metal powder according to weight percentage to obtain self-hardening wear-resistant layer alloy powder;

3. Grinding the metal substrate to obtain a metal substrate with a smooth surface after cleaning;

4. Apply ultrasonic vibration on the metal substrate with smooth surface, adopt laser cladding process, use adaptive energy-absorbing layer alloy powder as cladding powder, control laser cladding parameters: laser wavelength 1053nm, laser power 1000-2000W, The scan rate is 5-15mm/s, and an adaptive energy-absorbing layer is prepared on the surface of the metal substrate;

5. The self-hardening wear-resistant layer is prepared by laser cladding process on the energy-absorbing adaptive layer, and the self-hardening wear-resistant layer alloy powder is used as the cladding powder. The laser cladding parameters are controlled as follows: laser wavelength 1053nm, laser power 1500- 2200W, scan rate 5-15mm/s, double energy-absorbing coating is prepared on the surface of the metal substrate;

6. Grinding, cleaning and drying the double energy-absorbing coating;

7. Perform ultrasonic deep rolling treatment on the double energy-absorbing coating to obtain an intelligent coating with double energy-absorbing and impact resistance;

Wherein in step one, X in the NiXY alloy is Ti, Mn or Al, and Y is one or more mixed elements in Cu, Co, Nb, Ga, In, Sn, W; the strengthening phase described in step two is One or more mixed powders of ZrO ₂ , Cr ₃ C ₂ , TiC, SiC, WC, and A in the FeMnSiA alloy in step 2 is one or more of Co, Ni, Mo, Al, V, Cr Mixed elements.

In this embodiment, the NiXY metal powder in step 1 and the FeMnSiA metal powder in step 2 both use elemental metal powder.

In this embodiment, the dual energy-absorbing and impact-resistant intelligent coating is divided into an adaptive energy-absorbing layer and a self-hardening wear-resistant layer. The surface layer is a self-hardening wear-resistant layer. It can be converted into self-strengthening power, improve the overall performance of coating strength, hardness, etc., and at the same time weaken the impact energy transmitted inward. The inner layer is a damping adaptive energy-absorbing layer with energy transmission channels, which can absorb longitudinal impact energy through energy transmission channels and then transmit and diffuse it laterally, while reducing impact energy with its own damping performance. Under the synergistic effect of ultrasonic field, laser cladding prepares smart coatings, regulates the fibers to be arranged horizontally in the self-adaptive energy-absorbing layer, forms transverse energy diffusion channels, reduces internal pores and crack defects in the coating, and is treated with the help of ultrasonic deep rolling technology Double energy-absorbing impact-resistant intelligent coating, pre-strengthened self-hardening wear-resistant layer, improves the comprehensive mechanical properties of the coating, and can repair surface micro-cracks, corrosion pits and other damage to a certain extent, improve the fatigue resistance of the coating, and finally realize the coating The synergistic improvement of layer resistance to large impact and high-speed wear resistance.

Embodiment 2: This embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 in that the diameter of the high-temperature-resistant fiber described in step 1 is 5-10 μm, and the length is 45-105 μm.

Embodiment 3: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 or 2 is that the high-temperature-resistant fiber described in step 1 is one or more mixed fibers of carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, and silicon nitride fiber.

Embodiment 4: This embodiment differs from Embodiments 1 to 3 in that the particle size of the strengthening phase powder in step 2 is 6-45 μm.

Specific embodiment five: what this embodiment is different from one of specific embodiments one to four is that the ball mill mixing described in step 1 and step 2 uses GCr15 steel balls as the ball milling medium, and the mass ratio of the control ball to material is 2:1, and the rotating speed 300-350r/min, ball milling time is 3-4h.

Embodiment 6: This embodiment differs from Embodiments 1 to 5 in that the material of the metal base in step 3 is alloy steel or titanium alloy.

Embodiment 7: This embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 6 in that the parameters of the ultrasonic field controlled in step 4 are: frequency 20000-35000 Hz, amplitude 5 mm-20 mm.

Embodiment 8: This embodiment differs from Embodiments 1 to 7 in that the thickness of the self-adaptive energy-absorbing layer in Step 4 is 0.5-2 mm.

Embodiment 9: This embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 8 in that the thickness of the self-hardening wear-resistant layer in step 5 is 0.5-2 mm.

Embodiment 10: This embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 9 in that the parameters for controlling ultrasonic deep rolling in step 6 are: ultrasonic vibration frequency is 20-30 kHz, ultrasonic deep rolling 5-15 times, axial longitudinal The feed speed is 15-30mm/min, the lateral feed step is 0.1-0.3mm, and the force is 200-300N.

Embodiment: In this embodiment, the preparation method of an intelligent coating with double energy absorption and impact resistance is implemented according to the following steps:

1. Preparation of adaptive energy-absorbing layer alloy powder:

Mix carbon fiber 5%, Ni 45%, Ti 43%, Nb 5%, and Ga 2% by ball milling according to the weight percentage, in which the particle size of the metal powder is about 70 μm; the diameter of the carbon fiber is about 8 μm, and the length is about 70 μm; the ball milling parameters are : The ball milling medium is GCr15 steel balls, the ball-to-material ratio is 2:1, the speed is 300r/min, the ball milling time is 3h, after ball milling, it is dried in an oven at 120°C for 2.5h, and the adaptive energy-absorbing layer alloy powder is obtained;

2. Preparation of self-hardening wear-resistant layer alloy powder;

According to the percentage by weight, ZrO ₂ 15%, Fe 42%, Mn 17%, Si 4%, Cr 12%, Ni 6%, Mo4% are ball milled and mixed, and the particle size of the metal powder is about 70 μm, and the particle size of the ZrO ₂ powder is 30μm, the ball milling parameters are: the ball milling medium is GCr15 steel balls, the ball-to-material ratio is 2:1, the rotating speed is 300r/min, the ball milling time is 3h, and after the ball milling, it is dried in an oven at 120°C for 2.5h to obtain self-hardening resistant Grinding layer alloy powder;

3. Grinding the 38CrMoAl matrix to remove the scale to obtain a 38CrMoAl matrix with a smooth surface;

4. Apply ultrasonic vibration on the metal substrate with a smooth surface. The method of applying ultrasonic vibration is to use an ultrasonic gun to press the surface of the substrate material tightly, and then use the laser cladding process to use the self-adaptive energy-absorbing layer alloy powder as the cladding powder to control the ultrasonic vibration. The field parameters are: the angle between the ultrasonic field generator and the substrate is 12°, the frequency is 25000Hz, and the amplitude is 10mm. The parameters for controlling laser cladding are: laser wavelength 1053nm, laser power 1200W, scan rate 10mm/s, lap rate 35%, spot diameter 4mm, cladding distance 40mm, powder feeding rate 0.15g/s, carrier gas flow rate 25L/min, prepare an adaptive energy-absorbing layer on the surface of the metal substrate;

5. The self-hardening wear-resistant layer is prepared by laser cladding on the energy-absorbing self-adaptive layer, and the self-hardening wear-resistant layer alloy powder is used as the cladding powder. The laser cladding parameters are controlled as follows: laser wavelength 1053nm, laser power 1800W, The scan rate is 11mm/s, the overlap rate is 33%, the spot diameter is 4mm, the cladding distance is 40mm, the powder feeding rate is 0.15g/s, the carrier gas flow rate is 25L/min, and the double energy-absorbing coating is prepared on the surface of the metal substrate;

6. Grinding, cleaning and drying the double energy-absorbing coating;

7. Perform ultrasonic deep rolling treatment on the double energy-absorbing coating, and control the ultrasonic deep rolling parameters as follows: ultrasonic vibration frequency is 20kHz, ultrasonic deep rolling is 10 times, the axial longitudinal feed speed is 30mm/min, and the transverse feed step The thickness is 0.2mm, and the force is 200N, and a smart coating with double energy absorption and impact resistance is obtained.

Comparative example: the preparation method of the Ni-based wear-resistant layer of this embodiment is implemented according to the following steps:

1. Grinding the 38CrMoAl matrix to remove scale to obtain a 38CrMoAl matrix with a smooth surface.

2. Preparation of Ni-based wear-resistant coating alloy powder:

Cr 17%, B 3.5%, Si 3.5%, Ni 56%, and WC 20% are ball milled and mixed according to the weight percentage. The particle size of the metal powder is about 70 μm, and the particle size of the WC powder is 25 μm. The ball milling parameters are: the ball milling medium is GCr15 steel balls, the ball-to-material ratio is 2:1, the rotating speed is 350r/min, the ball milling time is 3h, after the ball milling, place it in an oven at 150°C for 2h to obtain dry powder;

3. Preparation of strengthening phase strengthened Ni-based wear-resistant coating: use laser cladding process, use dry powder as cladding powder, control laser cladding parameters: laser wavelength 1053nm, laser power 1500W, scanning speed 10mm/s, lapping The bonding rate is 33%, the spot diameter is 4mm, the cladding distance is 40mm, the powder feeding rate is 0.15g/s, and the carrier gas flow rate is 25L/min, and the strengthening phase strengthened Ni-based wear-resistant coating is obtained.

In this embodiment, the dual energy-absorbing and impact-resistant intelligent coating is divided into a self-hardening wear-resistant layer and an adaptive energy-absorbing layer from top to bottom; It transforms into self-strengthening power, improves the overall performance of coating strength and hardness, and at the same time weakens the impact energy transmitted inward; the adaptive energy-absorbing layer absorbs the longitudinal impact energy with the help of energy transmission channels and then transmits and diffuses it laterally. The damping performance reduces the impact energy, and again weakens the damage to the internal components of the large impact, so that the mechanical parts will not easily fail and have a longer service life.

In this embodiment, a double energy-absorbing impact-resistant intelligent coating and a Ni-based wear-resistant layer are obtained, which are polished and polished, and the hardness is tested on a microhardness tester to measure the average value of hardness at different depths. The test results are shown in Figure 2 shown; the friction coefficient curve test was carried out on the friction and wear tester, and the test results are shown in Figure 3. The standard Charpy impact test at room temperature was carried out on the samples of the double energy-absorbing impact-resistant smart coating and the Ni-based wear-resistant layer. Work value as shown in Figure 4. According to the test results, it can be seen that the cross-sectional hardness of the composite coating sample is distributed in a gradient along the depth direction, and the surface hardness of the energy-absorbing self-strengthening coating is the highest (average hardness is 834.4Hv), and its average friction coefficient is 0.43; Ni-based wear-resistant coating The surface hardness of the layer is the highest (the average hardness is 732.2Hv), and its average friction coefficient is 0.43; according to the impact test, it can be seen that the sample of the double energy-absorbing and impact-resistant intelligent coating has relatively high impact energy, and the double energy-absorbing and impact-resistant intelligent coating The impact energy of the layer is 76J, and the impact energy of the Ni-based wear-resistant layer is 32J. To sum up, the dual energy-absorbing and impact-resistant intelligent coating has excellent impact resistance and wear resistance, thereby prolonging the service life of the metal matrix material.

Claims (10)

1. The preparation method of the intelligent coating with double energy absorption and impact resistance is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1. preparing self-adaptive energy absorption layer alloy powder:

ball-milling and mixing 3-8% of high-temperature resistant fibers and 92-97% of NiXY metal powder according to the weight percentage to obtain self-adaptive energy-absorbing layer alloy powder;

2. preparing self-hardening wear-resistant layer alloy powder;

ball-milling and mixing 10-20% of strengthening phase powder and 80-90% of FeMnSiA metal powder according to weight percentage to obtain self-hardening wear-resistant layer alloy powder;

3. polishing the metal matrix, and cleaning to obtain a metal matrix with a smooth surface;

4. applying ultrasonic vibration on a metal substrate with a smooth surface, adopting a laser cladding process, taking self-adaptive energy-absorbing alloy powder as cladding powder, and controlling laser cladding parameters as follows: the laser wavelength is 1053nm, the laser power is 1000-2000W, the scanning speed is 5-15mm/s, and the self-adaptive energy absorption layer is prepared on the surface of the metal matrix;

5. the self-hardening wear-resistant layer is prepared on the energy-absorbing self-adapting layer by adopting a laser cladding process, alloy powder of the self-hardening wear-resistant layer is used as cladding powder, and the laser cladding parameters are controlled as follows: the laser wavelength is 1053nm, the laser power is 1500-2200W, the scanning speed is 5-15mm/s, and the double energy absorbing coating is prepared on the surface of the metal matrix;

6. polishing, cleaning and drying the double energy-absorbing coating;

7. carrying out ultrasonic deep rolling treatment on the double energy-absorbing coating to obtain an intelligent coating with double energy-absorbing and shock-resistant functions;

wherein X in the NiXY alloy in the first step is Ti, mn or Al, and Y is one or more mixed elements in Cu, co, nb, ga, in, sn, W; the strengthening phase in the second step is ZrO ₂ 、Cr ₃ C ₂ And TiC, siC, WC, wherein A in the FeMnSiA alloy in the second step is one or more mixed elements in Co, ni, mo, al, V, cr.

2. The method for preparing the intelligent coating with dual energy absorption and impact resistance according to claim 1, wherein the high temperature resistant fiber in the first step has a diameter of 5-10 μm and a length of 45-105 μm.

3. The method for preparing the intelligent coating with dual energy absorption and impact resistance according to claim 1, wherein the high temperature resistant fiber in the step one is one or more mixed fibers of carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber and silicon nitride fiber.

4. The method for preparing an intelligent coating with dual energy absorption and impact resistance according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the reinforcing phase powder in the second step is 6-45 μm.

5. The preparation method of the intelligent coating with double energy absorption and impact resistance according to claim 1, wherein the ball milling mixing in the first step and the second step is to use GCr15 steel balls as ball milling media, the ball material mass ratio is controlled to be 2:1, the rotating speed is controlled to be 300-350r/min, and the ball milling time is 3-4h.

6. The method for preparing the intelligent coating with dual energy absorption and impact resistance according to claim 1, wherein the metal substrate in the third step is made of alloy steel or titanium alloy.

7. The method for preparing the intelligent coating with double energy absorption and impact resistance according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic field parameters are controlled in the fourth step as follows: the frequency is 20000-35000Hz and the amplitude is 5-20 mm.

8. The method for preparing the intelligent coating with dual energy absorption and impact resistance according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the self-adaptive energy absorption layer in the fourth step is 0.5-2mm.

9. The method for preparing the intelligent coating with dual energy absorption and impact resistance according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the self-hardening wear-resistant layer in the fifth step is 0.5-2mm.

10. The method for preparing the intelligent coating with double energy absorption and impact resistance according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic deep rolling parameters are controlled in the step six as follows: the ultrasonic vibration frequency is 20-30kHz, the ultrasonic deep rolling is carried out for 5-15 times, the axial longitudinal feeding speed is 15-30mm/min, the transverse feeding step distance is 0.1-0.3mm, and the acting force is 200-300N.

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