CN114231976A - Adjustable long focal depth superspeed annular laser cladding processing device - Google Patents
Adjustable long focal depth superspeed annular laser cladding processing device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ultrahigh-speed annular laser cladding processing device with adjustable long focal depth, which comprises a collimating lens group, a reflector group or a second axicon lens group and a turning plane reflector group which are arranged at a laser emitting end and are coaxially arranged with a laser beam, wherein the emergent end of the turning plane reflector group is sequentially provided with a first axicon lens group and a focusing lens group which are coaxially arranged and are used for converting an annular light beam into a long focal depth focusing light beam; the first axicon lens group is fixed at the top end of a barrel body of the focal depth adjusting device, the focusing lens group is fixed at the top end of an adjusting part of the focal depth adjusting device, the adjusting part is sleeved inside the barrel body, and the focusing lens group is driven to be close to or far away from the first axicon lens group along the axis of the barrel body through the adjusting part which is movably connected with the barrel body and coaxially arranged, so that the adjustment of the distance between the first axicon lens group and the focusing lens group is realized, and the focal depth of a focused light beam is changed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultrahigh-speed laser cladding, in particular to an ultrahigh-speed annular laser cladding processing device with adjustable long focal depth.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
In the ultra-high speed laser cladding process, more than 80% of laser energy is used for heating the powder, so that the powder falls into a molten pool after being melted by laser irradiation, and the rest 20% of laser energy is used for heating the surface of the substrate to form a micro molten pool, so that the melted powder and a deposition area on the surface of the substrate are reliably fused and form metallurgical bonding. The traditional laser cladding process requires most energy of laser to heat a substrate to form a stable molten pool, only a small part of laser energy is absorbed by powder, the powder is basically kept in a solid state before falling into the molten pool, and the powder falls into the rear of the molten pool and is melted by heat transfer of the molten pool. Therefore, the laser scanning speed of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding is 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that of the traditional laser cladding, and the single-layer cladding thickness is about 1 order of magnitude lower than that of the traditional laser cladding. Therefore, the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology has higher laser energy utilization rate, faster cladding layer cooling speed and thinner cladding layer structure.
The processing device used in the ultra-high speed laser cladding process needs to make the focusing energy generated by the laser emitting end mainly distributed above the molten pool or change the combination mode of the powder and the laser, so that the powder is easier to be heated by the laser. The existing ultra-high-speed laser cladding equipment mainly adopts a mode of lateral annular coaxial powder feeding and central circular focusing laser spots, the light path structure of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding equipment has no adjustability in the mode, and the output focused light beam is relatively fixed in energy distribution and spatial position, so that the energy density of the light beam under the same defocusing amount can only be adjusted by changing the laser power, and the heat input state meeting the light powder coupling process and the matrix heating process cannot be provided at the same time; secondly, the focal depth of a focusing spot output by the conventional ultra-high-speed laser cladding equipment is fixed, so that excessive or insufficient absorption of laser energy by powder materials with different melting points is easily caused, and the processing effect is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides the ultra-high speed annular laser cladding processing device with the adjustable long focal depth.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a super-high-speed annular laser cladding processing device with adjustable long focal depth, which comprises a collimating lens group, a reflector group or a second axicon lens group and a turning plane reflector group which are arranged at a laser emitting end and are coaxially arranged with a laser beam, wherein a first axicon lens group and a focusing lens group which are coaxially arranged are sequentially arranged at an emergent end of the turning plane reflector group and are used for converting an annular light beam into a long focal depth focusing light beam;
the first axicon lens group is fixed at the top end of a barrel body of the focal depth adjusting device, the focusing lens group is fixed at the top end of an adjusting part of the focal depth adjusting device, the adjusting part is sleeved inside the barrel body, and the focusing lens group is driven to be close to or far away from the first axicon lens group along the axis of the barrel body through the adjusting part which is movably connected with the barrel body and coaxially arranged, so that the adjustment of the distance between the first axicon lens group and the focusing lens group is realized, and the focal depth of a focused light beam is changed.
The powder feeding tube passes through the central holes of the last stage of turning plane reflector, the axicon lens group, the focusing lens group and the plane protective lens in the turning plane reflector group in sequence, and the tail end of the powder feeding tube forms a powder beam coaxial with the focusing light beam.
The focusing lens group is coaxially provided with a plane protection mirror and a protection nozzle component along the emission direction of the laser beam.
The reflector group comprises an outer convex conical reflector and an inner concave conical reflector which are coaxially arranged and have corresponding tapers.
The second axicon lens group comprises two axicon lenses which are coaxial and have conical surfaces arranged oppositely, and the cone angles of the two axicon lenses are 120-160 degrees.
The first axicon lens group is provided with an axicon lens, and the conical angle of the conical surface of the axicon lens is 170-180 degrees.
The focusing lens group is provided with a focusing lens, the focusing lens is a plano-convex or concave-convex lens, the curved surface is a spherical surface or an even-order aspheric surface, and the corresponding focal length range of the focusing lens is 70-300 mm.
The adjusting range of the distance between the first axicon lens group and the focusing lens group is 2-100 mm, the focal depth range of the formed focusing light beam is 2-20 mm, and the fluctuation range of the spot diameter of the focusing light beam in the focal depth range is less than 2 times of the minimum spot diameter of the focusing light beam.
The focal depth adjusting device comprises a cylinder, and the first axicon lens group is connected to the top end of the cylinder through a pressing piece; the bottom end of the pressing part is connected with the first axicon lens group through a first fixing ring, and a gasket is arranged between the first axicon lens group and the barrel.
The bottom end of the cylinder body is provided with a movably connected and coaxially arranged adjusting piece, and the top end of the adjusting piece is sequentially connected with the plane protective lens and the focusing lens group through a second fixing ring; the outer wall of the top end of the adjusting piece is provided with threads corresponding to the inner wall of the barrel, and the plane protective lens and the focusing lens set are driven to be close to or far away from the first axicon lens set along the axis of the barrel through rotation of the adjusting piece, so that the distance between the first axicon lens set and the focusing lens set is adjusted.
Compared with the prior art, the above one or more technical schemes have the following beneficial effects:
1. by changing the distance between the axicon and the focusing lens in the focal depth adjusting device, the continuous change of the focal depth and the energy intensity of the focusing light spot is flexibly realized on the premise of ensuring that the diameter of the focusing light spot is changed a little, and the purpose of high-quality cladding aiming at materials with different melting points is achieved.
2. The annular focusing laser beam with long focal depth and variable focal depth in a certain range can be generated, so that the powder beam coaxially fed from the inner center of the beam fully absorbs the energy of the focusing laser to reach a melting state, the rest laser energy heats a deposited spot area on the surface of the substrate to form a micro-molten pool, and further ultra-high speed laser cladding is realized.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of optical path transmission of a processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2(a) is a schematic diagram of a 2mm focal depth and a laser energy distribution effect near the focal spot formed by changing a distance between an axicon and a focusing lens according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2(b) is a schematic diagram of the effect of laser energy distribution near the focal spot and the focal depth of 20mm formed by changing the distance between the axicon and the focusing lens according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a focal depth adjusting device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an external structure of a focal depth adjusting device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a depth of focus effect provided by the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of optical path transmission of a processing apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. the device comprises a laser emission end, 2, a collimating lens group, 3, a reflecting lens group, 31, a second axicon lens group, 4, a turning plane reflecting lens group, 5, a powder feeding pipe, 6, a first axicon lens group, 7, a focusing lens group, 8, a plane protective lens, 9, a protective nozzle component, 10, a base body, 11, an annular light beam, 12, a pressing piece, 13, a cylinder body, 14, a regulating piece, 15, a first fixing ring, 16, a second fixing ring, 17 and a gasket.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Interpretation of terms:
depth of focus: referring to the variation range of the focal plane position allowed by the specific non-imaging optical system or the variation range of the image plane position allowed by the specific imaging optical system, as shown in fig. 5, referring to the lateral depth of the gray area on the right side in the figure, i.e. the distance between the left focal plane and the right focal plane, in the following embodiments, for the convenience of determining the focal plane position, in practice, the focal spot diameter after converging the incident laser light does not exceed the minimum focal spot diameter d0
The depth of the focus area corresponding to the multiple is determined as the focal depth.
As described in the background art, the conventional ultra-high-speed Laser cladding processing head mainly adopts a combination mode of lateral annular coaxial powder feeding and central circular focusing Laser spots (for example, the ultra-high-speed Laser cladding processing head pushed by germany Flaunhofer Institute of Laser Technology in association with related units), and such a light-powder coupling mode is sensitive to the spot size and the focal depth of the focusing Laser, and when the focusing spot is large, the Laser energy density is reduced; when the focused light spot is too small, the diameter of the powder spot of the converged powder beam for lateral annular coaxial powder feeding is difficult to become smaller, so that the optical powder coupling is not matched and the powder is not beneficial to heating; when the focusing focal depth is too short, although the sufficient heating of the powder is facilitated, the design of the focusing lens with the lengthened focal depth is not suitable for the design of the optical powder coupling structure, because the powder beam converged and dispersed along with the extension of the conveying distance of the converged powder beam of the lateral annular coaxial powder feeding is not beneficial to the long-distance heating of the powder beam, and further the unmelted powder is increased and the splashing is increased. Especially, when the melting points and the laser absorption rates of different cladding materials are greatly different, the effect of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding becomes uneven, and the process window becomes narrow.
The laser cladding technology can be divided into two modes of optical outer coaxial powder feeding and optical inner coaxial powder feeding according to different powder feeding modes. The coaxial powder feeding outside the powder is the mainstream ultra-high speed laser cladding process at present, but the process has the risks of large powder deposition spots, uneven powder spot absorption light energy, low powder utilization rate and the like, and the advantages of the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology are weakened to a certain extent. Aiming at the coaxial powder feeding in light, the laser cladding process of uniformly arranging a plurality of laser beams in the circumferential direction and converging towards the center and the laser cladding process of forming a hollow annular light beam through the structural transformation of a light path are adopted, the process improves the utilization rate and the deposition precision of powder and the uniformity of laser energy distribution relative to the powder beam, but the focal depth of a light spot at a focal position is fixed, the energy distribution and the spatial position are both in 'static' fit, and the laser beam with proper energy distribution is difficult to flexibly provide for materials with different melting points. Therefore, the focusing optical structure with the laser energy and the space position relatively fixed is no longer suitable for the development requirement of performing ultra-high-speed laser cladding processing on the powder with different melting points, and the fine adjustment of the beam energy in the laser cladding powder coupling process is difficult to realize.
Therefore, the following embodiments provide an ultra-high speed annular laser cladding processing device with adjustable long focal depth, and by changing the distance between the axicon and the focusing lens in the adjusting device, on the premise of ensuring that the diameter of the focusing spot changes little, the continuous change of the focal depth and the energy intensity of the focusing spot is flexibly realized, so as to achieve the purpose of high-quality cladding for materials with different melting points.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1-5, an adjustable long-focus depth ultra-high speed annular laser cladding processing device comprises a collimating lens group 2 arranged at a laser emission end 1 and a reflecting lens group 3 coaxially arranged with the collimating lens group 2, wherein a turning plane reflecting lens group 4 is arranged at an exit end of the reflecting lens group 3, an axicon lens group (a first axicon lens group 6) and a focusing lens group 7 are sequentially arranged at an exit end axis of the turning plane reflecting lens group 4, and a plane protective mirror 8 and a protective nozzle assembly 9 are sequentially arranged at an exit end axis of the focusing lens group 7;
the axicon lens group (the first axicon lens group 6) and the focusing lens group 7 are coaxially arranged and are both positioned in the focal depth adjusting device, and the focal depth length of the condensed light beam is changed within a certain range by changing the distance between the focusing lens group 7 and the axicon lens group (the first axicon lens group 6) through the focal depth adjusting device.
Incident laser generated by the laser emitting end 1 is sent to the collimating mirror group 2 in a long distance through a transmission optical fiber to form collimated light, and then is emitted to the reflecting mirror group 3 to form a hollow annular light beam 11; the reflector group 3 in this embodiment includes 1 pair of an outer convex conical reflective surface and an inner concave conical reflective surface, and the incident laser beam is reflected twice to form a hollow annular light beam 11.
The annular light beam 11 generated at the exit end of the reflector group 3 is emitted to 1 or 2 turning plane reflectors (the turning plane reflector group 4 in the embodiment comprises two groups of plane reflectors arranged in parallel) and is turned for 1 or 2 times at 90 degrees, the annular light beam after being turned for 1 or 2 times is emitted to the axicon lens group 6 with a central hole, the focusing lens group 7 and the plane protective mirror 8 in sequence, and the annular light beam is converged above the surface of the substrate 10 after passing through the protective nozzle 9 to form a focusing light beam with a long focal depth.
In this embodiment, 1 reflector group 3 forms an annular light beam 11, and the reflector group 3 includes a pair of an outer convex conical reflector and an inner concave conical (inverted conical) reflector, and the tapers of the reflective conical surfaces are all 90 degrees.
The powder feeding tube 5 passes through the central holes of the last stage of the turning plane reflector group (when the number of the turning plane reflector group is 1, the turning plane reflector group is the last), the axicon lens group 6, the focusing lens group 7 and the plane protective mirror 8 in sequence, and the powder conveyed by the compressed gas forms a powder beam coaxial with the focusing light beam with the characteristic of long focal depth after passing through the powder feeding tube 5 and flows to the surface of the substrate 10 for spraying.
In this embodiment, the turning plane mirror group 4 includes 1-2 turning plane mirrors, when it is 1 group, the center of 1 plane mirror included in the turning plane mirror group needs to be opened with a hole, the powder feeding tube 5 passes through the hole, and the optical axis of the incident laser beam is vertically intersected with the optical axis of the focused laser beam; when the number of the turning plane mirror group is 2, the center of the plane mirror of the 1 st turning plane mirror group does not need to be provided with a hole, the center of the 1 (namely the last) turning plane mirror group contained in the 1 st plane mirror group needs to be provided with a hole, the powder feeding pipe 5 passes through the hole, and the optical axis of the incident laser beam is parallel to the optical axis of the focusing laser beam.
The plane protective mirror 8 in the embodiment comprises at least one protective plane window mirror, and the thickness of the protective plane window mirror is 3-8 mm; the minimum diameter of an inner hole of the atmosphere protection nozzle of the protection nozzle component 9 is 1-4 mm larger than the diameter of an outer ring of the convergent ring laser passing through the position; the inner diameter of the powder feeding pipe 5 is 0.2-3.5 mm.
As shown in fig. 3-4, the first axicon lens group 6 is fixed at the top end of a barrel 13 of the focal depth adjusting device, the plane protective mirror 8 and the focusing lens group 7 are fixed at the top end of an adjusting piece 14 of the focal depth adjusting device, the adjusting piece 14 is sleeved inside the barrel 13, and the plane protective mirror 8 and the focusing lens group 7 are driven to approach or leave the first axicon lens group 6 along the axis of the barrel 13 through the adjusting piece 14 which is movably connected with the barrel 13 and coaxially arranged, so as to realize the adjustment of the distance between the first axicon lens group 6 and the focusing lens group 7.
The focal depth adjusting device comprises a cylinder body 13, the first axicon lens group 6 is positioned at the top end of the cylinder body 13, and the first axicon lens group 6 is fixed at the top end of the cylinder body 13 through the connection of a pressing piece 12 and the cylinder body 13;
compress tightly 12 bottom and be connected with first axicon lens group 6 through first solid fixed ring 15, be equipped with packing ring 17 between first axicon lens group 6 and the barrel 13, through compressing tightly 12 and the being connected of barrel 13, utilize first solid fixed ring 15 to compress tightly packing ring 17 of first axicon lens group 6, realize the fixed of first axicon lens group 6.
The bottom end of the cylinder 13 is provided with a movably connected and coaxially arranged adjusting piece 14, and the top end of the adjusting piece 14 is sequentially connected with the plane protective lens 8 and the focusing lens group 7 through a second fixing ring 16;
the outer wall of the top end of the adjusting part 14 is provided with an embedded structure corresponding to the inner wall of the barrel 13 (the embedded structure can be a thread fit, a spiral groove is matched with a sliding pin or the adjusting part and the barrel are matched with any existing structure), and the plane protective lens 8 and the focusing lens group 7 are driven to be close to or far away from the first axicon lens group 6 along the axis of the barrel 13 through the rotation of the adjusting part 14, so that the distance between the first axicon lens group 6 and the focusing lens group 7 is adjusted.
In this embodiment, under the action of the focal depth adjusting device, the adjusting range of the distance between the axicon lens (the first axicon lens group 6) and the aspheric lens (the focusing lens group 7) is 2-100 mm, the focal depth range of the formed focusing light beam is 2-20 mm, and the fluctuation range of the diameter of the light spot in the focal depth range is less than 2 times of the minimum diameter of the light spot.
As shown in fig. 2, the focal depth and the laser energy distribution effect near the focal spot formed at two limit distances between the axicon lens (the first axicon lens group 6) and the aspheric lens (the focusing lens group 7) are schematically shown.
The device can generate annular focused laser beams with long focal depth and variable focal depth in a certain range, so that the powder beams coaxially fed from the inner center of the beam fully absorb the energy of the focused laser to reach a melting state, and the rest laser energy heats a spot deposition area on the surface of the substrate 10 to form a micro molten pool, thereby realizing ultra-high speed laser cladding. The zoom depth device for adjusting the spot focal depth of the ultra-high-speed annular beam cladding head flexibly realizes the continuous change of the focal depth and the energy intensity of the focusing spots under the condition of ensuring that the diameter of the focusing spots is changed slightly, and achieves the purpose of high-quality ultra-high-speed cladding suitable for various materials.
When the laser cladding processing device is used for operation, the distance between the axicon lens and the aspheric lens is adjusted within the following range: the laser power is 600-6000W, the laser scanning speed relative to the surface of the matrix is 6-200 m/min, the distance between the surface of the matrix and a focal plane on a focusing light spot is 2-20 mm, and the powder feeding speed is 5-50 g/min, so that the powder beam and the annular focusing long-focus deep laser beam are heated to reach a melting state after being converged, the rest laser is irradiated to the surface of the matrix and then heats a deposition spot area to form a shallow micro-melting pool, the reliable deposition of the powder particle beam is further realized, and a metallurgically combined cladding layer is formed.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, incident laser generated by a laser emission end passes through a collimating lens of a collimating lens group 2 to form collimated light (parallel light), and the incident laser enters two reflecting surfaces of a reflecting mirror group 3 at a later angle of 45 degrees, that is, a hollow annular parallel laser beam (annular beam 11) is formed after two reflections, and through a suitable design of structural parameters of the reflecting mirror group, the diameter range of an outer ring of the hollow annular beam is generally required to be 14-56 mm, and the diameter range of an inner ring thereof is required to be 6-16 mm.
Correspondingly, the size of the opening between the axicon lens, the focusing lens 7 and the plane protective lens 8 contained in the last stage turning plane reflector and the axicon lens group 6 is 4.5-16 mm, the outer diameter of the powder feeding pipe 5 is 4-15.5 mm, and the size of the opening is larger than the outer diameter of the powder feeding pipe 5 and smaller than the inner diameter of the transmitted annular light beam 11.
In this embodiment, the purpose of the turning plane mirror set 4 with two turning plane mirrors is to make the powder feeding tube 5 and its components able to feed into the center of the annular light beam 11, and the central axis of the fiber connector of the incident laser is parallel to the optical axis of the focused laser; when the scheme of 1 turning plane reflector group is adopted, the central axis of the optical fiber connector of the incident laser is vertical to the optical axis of the focused laser.
The hollow annular light beam after being turned passes through the axicon lens (the first axicon lens group 6 in the embodiment, which is also commonly called as an axicon lens) and the focusing lens group 7 in turn, and then the light is converged towards the center, the main function of the axicon lens is to make the hollow annular parallel light pass through the axicon lens and then be deflected towards the center by a certain angle but still be emitted in parallel, and the parallel light deflected towards the center is incident into the focusing lens 7 to form a focusing light beam.
The cone angle of the conical surface of the axicon can be selected within the range of 170-180 degrees; the curved surface of the focusing lens can be spherical or aspherical, and when the aspherical surface is usually selected, the focal depth can be designed to be longer, and the design change of surface type parameters is more flexible and abundant; for example, the thickness is 3 to 12 mm; the focusing lens 7 is a plano-convex or concave-convex lens, the curved surface is a spherical surface or an even-order aspheric surface, the focal length range of the focusing lens 7 is 70-300 mm, and the thickness is 6-20 mm.
In this embodiment, after the surface type parameters of the axicon and the focusing lens are fixed, the focal depth of the focused light spot can be changed within a certain range by changing the distance between the axicon and the focusing lens, and only one distance adjusting device needs to be designed
When the focal depth of the focusing light spot can be adjusted, the method is extremely beneficial to the ultra-high-speed laser cladding process, the focal depth can be flexibly changed according to different material characteristics and different cladding forming application scenes, the process adaptability of the device is further more flexible, and the types of materials suitable for cladding are more diversified. When a focused light spot with a relatively long focal depth (2-20 mm is generally required) interacts with the particle flow, the diameter of the light spot does not fluctuate much within the focal depth range (
) The particles are heated more fully and uniformly, so that the particles are easier to ensure to be melted when reaching a molten pool, and the high-quality deposition of the powder particles is more facilitated. Generally, the higher the melting point of the solid powder particles, the lower the laser absorption rate, the higher the flight speed, or the faster the movement speed of the processing head relative to the substrate, the greater the depth of focus of the focused beam is required.
In this embodiment, because solid powder particles are sent into the central particle beam axis of the annular focused laser through a powder feeding pipe component and completely coincide with the optical axis of the annular focused laser, the combined design makes the divergence angle of the particle beam very small after the particle beam is sprayed out from the powder feeding pipe component, the particle beam is still very concentrated in the range (i.e. deposition distance) of about 10-20 mm from the surface of the substrate at the tail end of the atmosphere protection nozzle component, so that the focused laser energy at the long focal depth can be fully absorbed by the powder particles, the matching performance of the light-powder coupling is greatly improved, unlike the traditional lateral coaxial powder feeding mode, a larger divergence angle can be generated after the powder particle beam is converged, and the coordination with the laser at the long focal depth is not facilitated.
Example two:
as shown in fig. 6, in the present embodiment, the second axicon lens group 31 composed of 2 axicon lenses is used to replace the reflector group 3 in the first embodiment, the cone angle of the two axicon lenses is 120-160 degrees, the conical surfaces of the two axicon lenses are oppositely arranged at a distance of 20-150 mm, and the second axicon lens group 31 is used to obtain the annular light beam 11.
The device can also generate annular focused laser beams with long focal depth and variable focal depth in a certain range, so that the powder beams coaxially fed from the inner center of the beam can fully absorb the energy of the focused laser to reach a melting state, and the rest laser energy heats a deposited spot area on the surface of the substrate 10 to form a micro molten pool, thereby realizing ultra-high speed laser cladding. The zoom depth device for adjusting the spot focal depth of the ultra-high-speed annular beam cladding head flexibly realizes the continuous change of the focal depth and the energy intensity of the focusing spots under the condition of ensuring that the diameter of the focusing spots is changed slightly, and achieves the purpose of high-quality ultra-high-speed cladding suitable for various materials.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an adjustable long focal depth hypervelocity annular laser cladding processingequipment which characterized in that: the laser focusing device comprises a collimating lens group, a reflector group or a second axicon lens group and a turning plane reflector group which are arranged at a laser emitting end and are coaxially arranged with a laser beam, wherein a first axicon lens group and a focusing lens group which are coaxially arranged are sequentially arranged at an emergent end of the turning plane reflector group and are used for converting an annular light beam into a long-focus deep focusing light beam;
the first axicon lens group is fixed at the top end of a barrel body of the focal depth adjusting device, the focusing lens group is fixed at the top end of an adjusting part of the focal depth adjusting device, the adjusting part is sleeved inside the barrel body, and the focusing lens group is driven to be close to or far away from the first axicon lens group along the axis of the barrel body through the adjusting part which is movably connected with the barrel body and coaxially arranged, so that the adjustment of the distance between the first axicon lens group and the focusing lens group is realized, and the focal depth of a focused light beam is changed.
2. The adjustable long-focus-depth ultra-high-speed annular laser cladding processing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the powder feeding tube passes through the central holes of the last stage of turning plane reflector, the axicon lens group, the focusing lens group and the plane protective lens in the turning plane reflector group in sequence, and the tail end of the powder feeding tube forms a powder beam coaxial with the focusing light beam.
3. The adjustable long-focus-depth ultra-high-speed annular laser cladding processing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the focusing lens group is coaxially provided with a plane protective mirror and a protective nozzle component along the emission direction of the laser beam.
4. The adjustable long-focus-depth ultra-high-speed annular laser cladding processing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the reflector group comprises an outer convex conical reflector and an inner concave conical reflector which are coaxially arranged and have corresponding tapers.
5. The adjustable long-focus-depth ultra-high-speed annular laser cladding processing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the second axicon lens group comprises two axicon lenses which are coaxial and have conical surfaces arranged oppositely, and the cone angles of the two axicon lenses are 120-160 degrees.
6. The adjustable long-focus-depth ultra-high-speed annular laser cladding processing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first axicon lens group is provided with an axicon lens, and the conical angle of the conical surface of the axicon lens is 170-180 degrees.
7. The adjustable long-focus-depth ultra-high-speed annular laser cladding processing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the focusing lens group is provided with a focusing lens, the focusing lens is a plano-convex or concave-convex lens, the curved surface is a spherical surface or an even-order aspheric surface, and the focal length range corresponding to the focusing lens is 70-300 mm.
8. The adjustable long-focus-depth ultra-high-speed annular laser cladding processing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the adjusting range of the distance between the first axicon lens group and the focusing lens group is 2-100 mm, the focal depth range of the formed focusing light beam is 2-20 mm, and the fluctuation range of the spot diameter of the focusing light beam in the focal depth range is less than 2 times of the minimum spot diameter of the focusing light beam.
9. The adjustable long-focus-depth ultra-high-speed annular laser cladding processing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the focal depth adjusting device comprises a cylinder, and the first axicon lens group is connected to the top end of the cylinder through a pressing piece; the bottom end of the pressing part is connected with the first axicon lens group through a first fixing ring, and a gasket is arranged between the first axicon lens group and the barrel.
10. The adjustable long-focal-depth ultra-high-speed annular laser cladding processing device of claim 9, wherein: the bottom end of the cylinder body is provided with a movably connected and coaxially arranged adjusting piece, and the top end of the adjusting piece is sequentially connected with the plane protective lens and the focusing lens group through a second fixing ring; the outer wall of the top end of the adjusting piece is provided with threads corresponding to the inner wall of the barrel, and the plane protective lens and the focusing lens set are driven to be close to or far away from the first axicon lens set along the axis of the barrel through rotation of the adjusting piece, so that the distance between the first axicon lens set and the focusing lens set is adjusted.
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| CN114769875A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-22 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Laser rotation scanning coaxial fuse powder melting device and deposition method |
| CN115502552A (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2022-12-23 | 长沙麓邦光电科技有限公司 | A double focal depth Bessel laser processing head |
| CN115852363A (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-03-28 | 长沙大科激光科技有限公司 | Method for keeping light spot homogenization on laser cladding processing surface and laser cladding processing head |
| CN118871065A (en) * | 2022-12-02 | 2024-10-29 | 深圳市新产业眼科新技术有限公司 | Enhanced ophthalmic lens with singular aspheric axicon refractive optics |
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| CN108427203A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-08-21 | 上海嘉强自动化技术有限公司 | One kind being continuously adjusted focus on light beam angle of divergence optical system based on axicon lens |
| CN112853343A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 北京机科国创轻量化科学研究院有限公司烟台分公司 | Self-zooming laser cladding forming device and method |
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| CN108427203A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-08-21 | 上海嘉强自动化技术有限公司 | One kind being continuously adjusted focus on light beam angle of divergence optical system based on axicon lens |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114769875A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-22 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Laser rotation scanning coaxial fuse powder melting device and deposition method |
| CN115502552A (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2022-12-23 | 长沙麓邦光电科技有限公司 | A double focal depth Bessel laser processing head |
| CN118871065A (en) * | 2022-12-02 | 2024-10-29 | 深圳市新产业眼科新技术有限公司 | Enhanced ophthalmic lens with singular aspheric axicon refractive optics |
| CN118871065B (en) * | 2022-12-02 | 2025-04-08 | 深圳市新产业眼科新技术有限公司 | Enhanced ophthalmic lens with singular aspheric axicon refractive optics |
| CN115852363A (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-03-28 | 长沙大科激光科技有限公司 | Method for keeping light spot homogenization on laser cladding processing surface and laser cladding processing head |
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