CN114210717A

CN114210717A - Recycling treatment method for old garbage

Info

Publication number: CN114210717A
Application number: CN202111346817.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 巨锋; 巨李冲; 巨博奥; 巨利霞
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-07-28
Filing date: 2021-11-15
Publication date: 2022-03-22
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-15
Also published as: CN114210717B

Abstract

The invention discloses a recycling treatment method of old garbage, which comprises the following steps: pretreating old garbage to remove large-size substances, iron substances and humus soil so as to obtain a mixed material; winnowing the mixed material to obtain plastic film materials, impurities and building materials with sequentially increasing mass; carrying out friction dry cleaning on the plastic film materials to remove water and humus soil; crushing the plastic film material; carrying out negative pressure air separation on the plastic film material to remove the rubber heavy object; drying the plastic film materials; carrying out friction dry cleaning on the plastic film materials again to remove humus soil and dust; carrying out magnetic separation on the plastic film material to remove iron substances; and melting the plastic film materials, and performing polymerization modification to obtain the polymer plastic. The recycling treatment method of the old garbage realizes the recycling treatment of the old garbage.

Description

Recycling treatment method for old garbage

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, in particular to a recycling treatment method for aged garbage.

Background

Garbage in a garbage landfill site is excavated and then reprocessed in many areas because the garbage disposal method is continuously improved and the garbage landfill method is harmful to the environment.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.

Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a recycling treatment method for old garbage, which is used for sorting and classifying the old garbage and treating plastic film materials to obtain polymerized plastics, so that recycling treatment is realized.

The recycling treatment method of the aged garbage provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:

pretreating old garbage to remove large-size substances, iron substances and humus soil so as to obtain a mixed material;

winnowing the mixed material to obtain plastic film materials, impurities and building materials with sequentially increasing mass;

carrying out friction dry cleaning on the plastic film materials to remove water and humus soil;

crushing the plastic film material;

carrying out negative pressure air separation on the plastic film material to remove the rubber heavy object;

drying the plastic film materials;

carrying out friction dry cleaning on the plastic film materials again to remove humus soil and dust;

carrying out magnetic separation on the plastic film material to remove iron substances;

and melting the plastic film materials, and performing polymerization modification to obtain the polymer plastic.

According to the recycling treatment method of the old garbage, the old garbage is pretreated, large-size objects, iron objects and humus soil are sorted and classified, the obtained mixed material is subjected to air separation, and the obtained plastic film material is subjected to a series of treatments and then subjected to polymerization modification, so that the polymer plastic is obtained.

Therefore, the recycling treatment method for the old garbage provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used for sorting and classifying the old garbage and treating plastic film materials to obtain the polymerized plastics, so that the recycling treatment is realized.

In some embodiments, the method for recycling the old garbage further comprises the following steps:

slicing and cooling the polymeric plastic;

crushing the polymerized plastic and grinding the crushed polymerized plastic into powder to obtain mixed powder;

screening the mixed powder to obtain large-particle plastics, velveteen materials and plastic powder;

and (4) re-grinding the large-particle materials.

In some embodiments, the screening the mixed powder material to obtain large-particle plastic, lint-like material and plastic powder comprises:

screening the mixed powder by using an airflow screen to obtain large-particle plastics, velveteen materials and 30-80-mesh plastic powder;

and when the mixed powder is screened by using the airflow screen, carrying out cyclone aggregate to obtain plastic powder larger than 80 meshes.

In some embodiments, 30-80 mesh plastic powder is subjected to high-voltage electro-separation to obtain plastic powder and metal powder.

carrying out magnetic vortex separation on the impurities to remove metal materials;

crushing the impurities;

drying the sundries;

carrying out friction dry cleaning on the impurities to remove humus soil;

performing elastic sorting on the impurities to remove rubber and wood, thereby obtaining hard plastic;

melting the hard plastic and then carrying out polymerization modification to obtain hard polymer plastic;

and (3) crushing and grinding the hard polymer plastic to obtain hard molding powder.

crushing and screening the impurities to remove inorganic solid materials;

carrying out magnetic vortex separation on the impurities to remove metal materials, thereby obtaining organic materials;

crushing the organic materials and then rubbing for dry cleaning;

and carrying out critical hydrolysis on the organic material to obtain the bio-organic coal.

In some embodiments, subjecting the organic material to critical hydrolysis to obtain bio-organic coal comprises:

adjusting the water content of the organic material to make the water content of the organic material be 25-35%;

conveying the organic material to a storage bin;

conveying the organic materials in the bin to a hydrolysis system through a feeding system;

and heating the hydrolysis system to perform critical hydrolysis on the organic garbage so as to obtain the bio-organic coal and combustible gas.

In some embodiments, the pre-treating the old garbage to remove large-sized objects, iron objects and humus to obtain the mixed material comprises:

conveying the old garbage to a manual sorting table for manual sorting, and then screening through a bar screen to remove large-size objects;

unpacking and crushing old garbage, and conveying the old garbage to a drum sieve for screening to remove humus;

wherein, magnetic separation is carried out in the conveying process of the old garbage to remove iron substances.

In some embodiments, before the pre-treatment of the aged refuse to remove large-sized materials, iron-based materials and humus soil, thereby obtaining a mixed material, the method comprises the following steps:

carrying out exploration and evaluation on the old garbage field;

determining an excavation method according to the exploration evaluation result;

extracting biogas in the old garbage yard, and introducing air into the old garbage yard for deodorization;

excavating the old garbage yard according to the determined excavation method;

and distributing the dug old garbage for pretreatment.

In some embodiments, biogas is used as fuel to supply heat to the hot air flow, and the plastic film material is dried by the hot air flow.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is intended to be illustrative, and is not to be construed as limiting the invention.

s101, pretreating old garbage to remove large-size objects, iron objects and humus so as to obtain a mixed material.

Specifically, in the process of pretreating the old garbage, the old garbage is conveyed to a manual sorting table for manual sorting, large-size objects (metal objects, clothes objects, wood, buildings and the like) are sorted out, and magnetic separation is carried out in the process of conveying the old garbage to remove iron objects. After manual sorting, the old garbage is screened by a bar-shaped screen to remove large-size objects (large buildings); and then, unpacking and crushing the old garbage, conveying the old garbage to a drum screen for screening to remove humus, and carrying out magnetic separation in the conveying process of the old garbage to remove iron substances.

Optionally, the mesh opening of the drum screen is greater than or equal to 28mm and less than or equal to 32 mm.

Preferably, the screen aperture of the drum screen is 30 mm.

It will be appreciated that the organic material and the plastic film material are typically greater than 30mm in size and the inorganic material and the humus are typically less than 30mm in size, so that the humus and inorganic material can be removed by screening with a drum screen having a 30mm mesh opening.

Therefore, the recycling treatment method for the old garbage can pretreat the old garbage so as to obtain the mixed material.

And S102, winnowing the mixed materials to obtain plastic film materials, sundries and building materials with sequentially increasing mass.

The mode of inclined plate winnowing is adopted when the mixed material is winnowed, the inclined plate winnowing is a belt with a certain inclination angle with the horizontal direction, and the inclination angle can enable heavy inorganic matters (such as building materials, ceramics, glass, bricks and stones) in the garbage to slide downwards and separate in the direction opposite to the movement of the belt by means of the self weight acceleration (the belt inclination angle is related to the belt running speed, the belt inclination angle is large when the belt speed is large, and the belt inclination angle is relatively small when the belt speed is small). It can be understood that the moving direction of the belt is obliquely upward, a positive pressure winnowing device is arranged on the lower side of the belt discharging port, and the positive pressure winnowing device divides the material into plastic film type materials and sundries (the sundries comprise plastic rubber, clothes leather, wood and the like) through the difference of the specific gravity and the wind area of the material.

And S103, carrying out friction dry cleaning on the plastic film materials to remove water and humus.

It can be understood that the plastic film material is added into the friction dry-cleaning equipment to carry out friction dry-cleaning, the friction dry-cleaning equipment is internally provided with a high-speed friction blade rotor, the periphery of the friction dry-cleaning equipment is provided with a sieve plate, and the size of the sieve hole of the sieve plate is determined according to the size of humus soil contained in the plastic film material. The friction dry cleaning equipment enables humus soil on the surface of the plastic film material to fall off and be discharged from the sieve pores by rotating the blade rotor at a high speed, and simultaneously discharges a part of moisture, thereby achieving the effect of removing impurities by friction dry cleaning. Therefore, the plastic film materials are subjected to friction dry cleaning to remove moisture and humus (corrosive impurities).

S104, crushing the plastic film materials.

And crushing the plastic film materials after the friction dry cleaning to ensure that the size of the plastic film materials reaches about 12 cm, and the crushing of the plastic film materials is favorable for subsequent air separation, drying, friction dry cleaning, magnetic separation and polymerization modification.

And S105, carrying out negative pressure air separation on the plastic film materials to remove the rubber heavy objects.

After the plastic film materials are subjected to negative pressure winnowing, rubber heavy objects (heavier materials such as plastics and rubber) can be sorted out, so that the purity of the sorted plastic film materials is higher, and the quality of a subsequent polymerization modified plastic product can be improved.

S106, drying the plastic film materials.

The plastic film material of negative pressure winnowing enters drying equipment, and the drying equipment lets in hot gas flow, wherein the temperature of hot gas flow is no more than 230 degrees, and the velocity of flow of control hot gas flow, makes material surface temperature not more than 150 degrees to avoid plastic film material softening and pyrolysis, and then guarantee that no dioxin and other harmful gas produce in the drying process.

And S107, carrying out friction dry cleaning on the plastic film materials again to remove humus soil and dust.

The plastic film materials are added into another friction dry-cleaning device for friction dry-cleaning, and after the plastic film materials are subjected to friction dry-cleaning again, humus soil and dust on the surfaces of the plastic film materials can be further removed, the purity of the plastic film materials is further improved, and the quality of the plastic products subjected to subsequent polymerization modification can be further improved.

S108, carrying out magnetic separation on the plastic film materials to remove iron substances.

It can be understood that when the plastic film material is magnetically separated, eddy current separation can be simultaneously carried out, so that metal materials such as copper, aluminum and the like can be separated.

S109, melting the plastic film materials, and performing polymerization modification to obtain the polymer plastic.

The plastic film materials after a series of sorting have higher purity, and the plastic film materials are heated and melted by extrusion equipment, so that the plastic film materials with the melting points close to each other are polymerized and modified to obtain the polymerized plastic. Wherein, the water vapor generated in the polymerization modification process is filtered and then subjected to zeolite adsorption, and then discharged through a draught fan.

It can be understood that the old garbage needs to be dug out of the landfill before being treated, and therefore, before the old garbage is pretreated to remove large-size substances, iron substances and humus, so as to obtain a mixed material, the old garbage recycling treatment method provided by the embodiment of the invention further comprises the following steps:

and S001, carrying out exploration and evaluation on the old garbage field.

That is, before the old garbage field is excavated, exploration evaluation is firstly carried out on the field, and the exploration evaluation collects garbage to determine various data (such as garbage source, garbage components, garbage forming time, garbage area and capacity, laminated layer thickness, water content, organic matter content and the like) of the old garbage field.

And S002, determining an excavation method according to the exploration evaluation result.

Various data of the old garbage yard are determined well, and then a scheme of an excavation method (layered excavation or section excavation), methane treatment, odor treatment, penetrating fluid treatment and the like is formulated according to the data.

S003, extracting the biogas in the old garbage yard, and introducing air into the old garbage yard for deodorization;

and S004, excavating the old garbage yard according to the determined excavation method.

The method for excavating the refuse landfill is established according to exploration evaluation, old refuse is subjected to partition, layering or section excavation and is synchronously subjected to spraying biological deodorization, waste gas pollution is avoided, penetrating fluid is conveyed to water treatment and is discharged after reaching the standard, and meanwhile, a closed refuse transport vehicle or closed conveying equipment is used for conveying the refuse to a treatment workshop.

By utilizing an aerobic biological deodorization technology, the air content is increased in the garbage landfill to ensure that part of the landfill layer is in an aerobic state, easily degradable components in the garbage are degraded in an accelerated manner in the aerobic state so as to reduce toxic and harmful substances, lignin and other substances in dead microorganisms with slow decomposition rate are polymerized into relatively stable humus soil, and the old garbage can be excavated and exploited stably.

And S005, distributing the dug old garbage for pretreatment.

In some embodiments, the polymer plastics obtained by polymerization modification are cooled and then pulverized into plastic powder, and the plastic powder is subjected to extrusion equipment (extrusion molding) or injection molding equipment (injection molding) after adding different ingredients to produce different plastic products.

In other embodiments, the recycling method for old garbage according to the embodiments of the present invention further includes the following steps:

and S110, slicing and cooling the polymerized plastic.

And S111, crushing the polymerized plastic and grinding the crushed polymerized plastic into powder to obtain mixed powder.

During the crocus, a plurality of mills are adopted to carry out the crocus in sequence, thereby improving the crocus effect.

And S112, screening the mixed powder to obtain large-particle plastics, velveteen materials and plastic powder.

It can be understood that the mixed powder is added into the airflow sieve in a cyclone aggregate mode, the airflow sieve screens the mixed powder to obtain large-particle plastics, velveteen materials and 30-80-mesh plastic powder, cyclone aggregate is also carried out when the airflow sieve screens the mixed powder to obtain the plastic powder larger than 80 meshes, in addition, dust is collected during cyclone aggregate to remove dust impurities, and finally the 30-80-mesh plastic powder is subjected to high-voltage electric separation to obtain the plastic powder and the metal powder.

S113, the large-particle materials are ground again, so that the grinding effect is further improved.

In some embodiments, the recycling method for old garbage according to the embodiments of the present invention further includes the following steps:

s210, carrying out magnetic vortex separation on the impurities to remove metal materials;

s220, crushing the sundries;

s230, drying the sundries;

s240, carrying out friction dry cleaning on the sundries to remove humus soil;

s250, performing elastic sorting on the sundries to remove rubber and wood so as to obtain hard plastic;

and S260, melting the hard plastic, and performing polymerization modification to obtain the hard polymer plastic, wherein water vapor generated in the polymerization modification process is filtered, adsorbed by zeolite, and discharged by a draught fan.

And S270, crushing and grinding the hard polymer plastic to obtain hard molding powder.

s310, crushing and screening the impurities to remove inorganic solid materials.

Debris are through carrying out the breakage to the roller crusher, extrude easy cracked inorganic material (glass ceramic building class etc.) material and break and form little class, and organic material (organic plastic, clothing, straw wood class etc.) flexibility is better, be difficult to by broken to the roller crusher, material after the breakage gets into and sieves in the cylinder screening installation, select (glass ceramic building class etc. after the breakage) little class inorganic material in the material, thereby reach organic material and inorganic material and select separately.

S320, carrying out magnetic vortex separation on the impurities to remove metal materials, thereby obtaining the organic materials.

The screened impurities are subjected to magnetic vortex separation (magnetic separation and eddy current separation integrated separation equipment) to separate metals (iron, copper, aluminum, gold, silver and the like), so that subsequent crushing and critical hydrolysis are facilitated.

S330, the organic materials are crushed and then rubbed and dry-cleaned.

And (3) crushing the organic material obtained after magnetic vortex separation to enable the size of the organic material to be more than or equal to 20mm and less than or equal to 60 mm. The inventor finds that the organic materials are too small in size and easy to discharge smaller organic materials during friction dry cleaning, but the organic materials are too large in size, relatively poor in friction dry cleaning effect, unfavorable to critical hydrolysis and high in critical hydrolysis cost.

Therefore, the size of the organic material is more than or equal to 20mm and less than or equal to 60mm, which can be beneficial to friction dry cleaning and critical hydrolysis.

Preferably, the size of the organic material is 50 mm.

S340, carrying out critical hydrolysis on the organic material to obtain the bio-organic coal.

The inventors have found that% moisture of the organic material below 20% and above 40 has some effect on critical hydrolysis efficiency and quality.

Therefore, before the critical hydrolysis of the organic material, the water content of the organic material is adjusted so that the water content of the organic material is 25% to 35%. Preferably, the moisture content of the organic material is 30%.

And then, conveying the organic materials to a storage bin, conveying the organic materials in the storage bin to a hydrolysis system through a feeding system, heating the hydrolysis system, and performing critical hydrolysis on the organic garbage to obtain the bio-organic coal and combustible gas.

It is understood that critical hydrolysis is the decomposition of organic macromolecules into smaller molecular organic species by the organic matter near the critical point of water, and that the critical hydrolysis converts organic macromolecules into lower molecular compounds by splitting. That is, the organic material containing 30% of water is charged into a high-pressure high-temperature vessel, and the water is heated to a critical point temperature T =374 ℃ (370 ℃ -380 ℃) or a critical pressure P =22.1MPa (21 MPa-23 MPa). When the temperature or pressure in the high-pressure high-temperature container is about a critical point, the liquid which looks like gas decomposes organic materials and generates gas at the same time, and the gas components mainly comprise carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, alkane, water vapor and the like; for example, chlorine and sulfur in the plastic react with generated hydrogen during critical hydrolysis to form hydrogen chloride gas (HCl) and hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S), so that harmful substances such as chlorine, sulfur and the like in the organic materials are replaced, the organic substances are subjected to critical hydrolysis to form bio-organic coal, the bio-organic coal does not contain the harmful substances such as chlorine, sulfur and the like, and the bio-organic coal is discharged after the critical hydrolysis.

In addition, the combustible gas generated in the critical hydrolysis contains gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, alkanes, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide and the like, the combustible gas is collected, filtered and purified to be combusted to supply heat to a production line or the outside, and the tail gas generated after the combustion of the combustible gas is discharged after reaching standards through alkaline spraying, aerosol separation, adsorption and the like. The inventors found that the basic conditions for the generation of dioxins are: sufficient chlorine, oxygen and a catalyst at a proper temperature, a small amount of oxygen atoms are preferentially combined with C, H in the critical hydrolysis process, and the organic material obtained after sorting the old garbage contains little or no metal, so that the critical hydrolysis process is not provided with sufficient oxygen and the metal catalyst, the basic condition for generating dioxin is limited, and the dioxin cannot be generated.

The water content of the bio-organic coal generated by the critical hydrolysis is about 30 percent, and the water contains trace harmful substances such as hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulfide, so that dehydration and drying are needed, and the water enters a water treatment system to be discharged after reaching the standard. The dried biological organic coal can be directly combusted, and the combustion of the biological organic coal is almost pollution-free. Of course, the bio-organic coal may be gasified to produce artificial natural gas mainly containing carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, alkanes, and the like. The artificial natural gas can be directly combusted to supply heat, can supply natural gas to factories, supplies gas to gas boilers, supplies gas to residents and gas units for combustion, and also can supply gas to an internal combustion generator for power generation.

The humus soil produced by the recycling treatment method for the old garbage comprises metals and micro-plastics, the screened humus soil can be used for sorting the metals such as iron, copper, aluminum, gold and silver in the materials through magnetic separation and eddy current separation, then the micro-plastics are sorted through air separation and friction dry cleaning, and the micro-plastics can be used for preparing the bio-organic coal through critical hydrolysis, so that the old garbage can be fully utilized.

In some embodiments, when the plastic film material is dried by hot air, the hot air is heated by using methane as fuel or waste heat generated by critical hydrolysis.

It should be noted that the recycling treatment method for the aged garbage provided by the embodiment of the invention supplies power for production operation by using a photovoltaic power generation system, supplies power and supplies heat for redundant electric energy through lithium battery energy storage or fused salt heat storage when photovoltaic power generation is absent (at night or without sunlight), supplies heat through lava energy storage when critical hydrolysis and drying are performed, and produces by using photovoltaic power generation so as to achieve zero emission and zero pollution for garbage recycling treatment.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used for convenience in describing and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In the present disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" and the like mean that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A recycling treatment method for old garbage is characterized by comprising the following steps:

crushing the plastic film material;

drying the plastic film materials;

2. The recycling method of old garbage according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

slicing and cooling the polymeric plastic;

and (4) re-grinding the large-particle materials.

3. The recycling method of old garbage according to claim 2,

the screening of the mixed powder to obtain large-particle plastic, velveteen materials and plastic powder comprises the following steps:

4. The recycling treatment method of old garbage according to claim 3, wherein plastic powder of 30-80 mesh is subjected to high-voltage electric separation to obtain plastic powder and metal powder.

5. A recycling method for aged refuse according to any one of claims 1-4, further comprising the steps of:

crushing the impurities;

drying the sundries;

carrying out friction dry cleaning on the impurities to remove humus soil;

6. A recycling method for aged refuse according to any one of claims 1-4, further comprising the steps of:

crushing and screening the impurities to remove inorganic solid materials;

crushing the organic materials and then rubbing for dry cleaning;

7. The recycling method of old garbage according to claim 6, wherein the critical hydrolysis of the organic material to obtain bio-organic coal comprises:

conveying the organic material to a storage bin;

8. The recycling method of old garbage according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pre-treating of old garbage to remove macro-sized matters, iron matters and humus soil to obtain a mixed material comprises:

9. The recycling method of old garbage according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the following steps before the pretreatment of old garbage to remove large-sized objects, iron objects and humus soil, thereby obtaining a mixed material:

carrying out exploration and evaluation on the old garbage field;

excavating the old garbage yard according to the determined excavation method;

and distributing the dug old garbage for pretreatment.

10. The recycling method of old garbage according to claim 9, wherein biogas is used as fuel to supply heat to the hot air flow, and the plastic film material is dried by the hot air flow.