Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a freezing processing and storing method of pet food.
The invention provides a method for freezing, processing and storing pet food, which comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing raw materials, namely selecting fresh chicken, duck, beef, mutton and fish, respectively putting the prepared meat into different cleaning equipment for cleaning, avoiding cleaning different kinds of meat together, and simultaneously preparing matched raw materials which need to be added in the pet food;
s2: cutting, namely cutting the cleaned raw materials into meat blocks with the same size by using a cutting device, wherein the situation that different types of meat cannot be cut in a mixed manner is also avoided during cutting, and microorganisms are easy to intersect due to different microorganisms on different types of meat, so that later sterilization can be influenced;
s3: sterilizing, namely putting the cut meat blocks into different sterilizing equipment respectively, and sterilizing the meat blocks comprehensively by using the sterilizing equipment; simultaneously blanching the prepared plant raw material mixed with the meat;
s4: mixing, namely fully mixing the disinfected and sterilized meat with different plant additives to obtain a mixture of pet food;
s5: pre-freezing, namely putting the pet food mixture into pre-freezing equipment, and solidifying free water in meat food materials to ensure that a dried finished product has the same shape as that before drying, so that irreversible changes such as foaming, concentration, shrinkage, solute movement and the like during vacuum drying are prevented, and the reduction of material solubility and the change of life characteristics caused by temperature reduction are reduced;
s6: drying, namely putting the mixture subjected to pre-freezing treatment into drying equipment, wherein the drying is divided into two stages, namely sublimation drying also called first-stage drying and desorption drying also called second-stage drying;
s7: and (4) finished product detection, namely placing the dried pet food in naked air, and detecting and analyzing microorganisms on the food at intervals.
Preferably, the raw material selection process requires a degree of freshness of the main raw material, while meat with significant deterioration cannot be selected.
Preferably, the meat blocks need to be cut into blocks with the same size during cutting treatment, so that uniform disinfection and sterilization can be conveniently performed at the later stage, and the condition of incomplete disinfection is avoided.
Preferably, the plant additive is crushed during the mixing process, so that the plant additive is conveniently adhered to the meat pieces, and the additive is uniformly adhered to the meat pieces to improve the mouthfeel of the food.
Preferably, the first stage drying is carried out by heating the frozen product in a closed vacuum vessel, and is completed when all the ice crystals are removed, at which point about 90% of the total water is removed, and the drying is carried out by gradually moving inwards from the outer surface, and the voids left after sublimation of the ice crystals become the escape channels for the sublimed water vapor thereafter.
Preferably, after the ice in the product is sublimated, the product is dried in the second stage, a part of water is adsorbed on the capillary wall and the polar groups of the dried substance after the first stage drying, the water is not frozen, and when the water reaches a certain content, conditions are provided for the growth and propagation of microorganisms and certain reactions, and in order to reach an acceptable residual water content of the product, improve the storage stability of the product and prolong the storage life, the product is further dried. After the second stage of drying, the residual moisture content of the product depends on the type of product and on the requirements and is generally between 0.45% and 4%.
Preferably, in the finished product detection process, multiple groups of finished product detection data need to be compared, so that the detection contingency is avoided, and meanwhile, the detection accuracy is improved.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. through increasing the processing of freezing in advance in food freeze-drying treatment process, the effectual processing that improves microorganism on the meat has prolonged pet food's storage time, adds the additive again in pet food, has further prolonged pet food's save time, divide into two stages again in the drying treatment process, has improved dry efficiency through the setting in two stages.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1-2, a method for freezing and preserving pet food comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing raw materials, namely selecting fresh chicken, duck, beef, mutton and fish, respectively putting the prepared meat into different cleaning equipment for cleaning, avoiding cleaning different kinds of meat together, and simultaneously preparing matched raw materials which need to be added in the pet food;
s2: cutting, namely cutting the cleaned raw materials into meat blocks with the same size by using a cutting device, wherein the situation that different types of meat cannot be cut in a mixed manner is also avoided during cutting, and microorganisms are easy to intersect due to different microorganisms on different types of meat, so that later sterilization can be influenced;
s3: sterilizing, namely putting the cut meat blocks into different sterilizing equipment respectively, and sterilizing the meat blocks comprehensively by using the sterilizing equipment; simultaneously blanching the prepared plant raw material mixed with the meat;
s4: mixing, namely fully mixing the disinfected and sterilized meat with different plant additives to obtain a mixture of the pet food after mixing, wherein the additives are mainly modulators, and the modulators are substances added for improving the shape of the product in the feed processing process and comprise adhesives, anti-caking agents and the like, including sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and the like;
s5: pre-freezing, namely putting the pet food mixture into pre-freezing equipment, and solidifying free water in meat food materials to ensure that a dried finished product has the same shape as that before drying, so that irreversible changes such as foaming, concentration, shrinkage, solute movement and the like during vacuum drying are prevented, and the reduction of material solubility and the change of life characteristics caused by temperature reduction are reduced;
s6: drying, namely putting the mixture subjected to pre-freezing treatment into drying equipment, wherein the drying is divided into two stages, namely sublimation drying also called first-stage drying and desorption drying also called second-stage drying;
s7: detecting finished products, namely placing the dried pet food in naked air, and detecting and analyzing microorganisms on the food at intervals;
s9: packaging finished products, and packaging the food in a mass production manner after the detection is qualified.
In the invention, the freshness of the main raw materials is required in the selection process of the raw materials, meanwhile, the meat with obvious deterioration can not be selected, the meat blocks are cut into blocks with the same size during cutting treatment, so that uniform disinfection and sterilization can be conveniently carried out in the later period, the condition of incomplete disinfection is avoided, the plant additive is firstly crushed during the mixing process, so that the plant additive is conveniently adhered on the meat blocks, the additive is uniformly adhered on the meat blocks to improve the taste of food, the first stage drying is carried out, the frozen product is placed in a closed vacuum container for heating, when all ice crystals are removed, the first stage drying is finished, about 90 percent of all moisture is removed at the moment, the drying is started from the outer surface and gradually pushed inwards, the residual gaps after the ice crystals are sublimated become escape channels of later sublimated water vapor, the ice in the dried product is sublimated in the second stage, the product is dried in the second stage, after the first stage, a part of water is adsorbed on the capillary wall and polar groups of the dried substance, the water is not frozen, when the water reaches a certain content, conditions are provided for the growth and the propagation of microorganisms and certain reactions, and in order to ensure that the product reaches the qualified residual water content, improve the storage stability of the product and prolong the storage life, the product must be further dried. After the second stage of drying, the content of residual moisture in the product is determined according to the product type and the requirement, generally between 0.45% and 4%, and multiple groups of finished product detection data need to be compared in the finished product detection process, so that the detection contingency is avoided, and the detection accuracy is improved.
Example two
Referring to fig. 1-2, a method for freezing and preserving pet food comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing raw materials, namely selecting fresh chicken, duck, beef, mutton and fish, respectively putting the prepared meat into different cleaning equipment for cleaning, avoiding cleaning different kinds of meat together, and simultaneously preparing matched raw materials which need to be added in the pet food;
s2: cutting, namely cutting the cleaned raw materials into meat blocks with the same size by using a cutting device, wherein the situation that different types of meat cannot be cut in a mixed manner is also avoided during cutting, and microorganisms are easy to intersect due to different microorganisms on different types of meat, so that later sterilization can be influenced;
s3: sterilizing, namely putting the cut meat blocks into different sterilizing equipment respectively, and sterilizing the meat blocks comprehensively by using the sterilizing equipment; simultaneously blanching the prepared plant raw material mixed with the meat;
s4: mixing, fully mixing the disinfected and sterilized meat with different plant additives, and mixing to obtain a mixture of pet food, wherein the additives mainly comprise a modulator, mainly a coloring agent and a phagostimulant, the coloring agent comprises capsanthin, lutein, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, blood powder and the like, and the phagostimulant is an additive added into the feed for improving the palatability of the pet food, enhancing the appetite of pets and increasing the feed intake;
s5: pre-freezing, namely putting the pet food mixture into pre-freezing equipment, and solidifying free water in meat food materials to ensure that a dried finished product has the same shape as that before drying, so that irreversible changes such as foaming, concentration, shrinkage, solute movement and the like during vacuum drying are prevented, and the reduction of material solubility and the change of life characteristics caused by temperature reduction are reduced;
s6: drying, namely putting the mixture subjected to pre-freezing treatment into drying equipment, wherein the drying is divided into two stages, namely sublimation drying also called first-stage drying and desorption drying also called second-stage drying;
s7: detecting finished products, namely placing the dried pet food in naked air, and detecting and analyzing microorganisms on the food at intervals;
s9: packaging finished products, and packaging the food in a mass production manner after the detection is qualified.
In the invention, the freshness of the main raw materials is required in the selection process of the raw materials, meanwhile, the meat with obvious deterioration can not be selected, the meat blocks are cut into blocks with the same size during cutting treatment, so that uniform disinfection and sterilization can be conveniently carried out in the later period, the condition of incomplete disinfection is avoided, the plant additive is firstly crushed during the mixing process, so that the plant additive is conveniently adhered on the meat blocks, the additive is uniformly adhered on the meat blocks to improve the taste of food, the first stage drying is carried out, the frozen product is placed in a closed vacuum container for heating, when all ice crystals are removed, the first stage drying is finished, about 90 percent of all moisture is removed at the moment, the drying is started from the outer surface and gradually pushed inwards, the residual gaps after the ice crystals are sublimated become escape channels of later sublimated water vapor, the ice in the dried product is sublimated in the second stage, the product is dried in the second stage, after the first stage, a part of water is adsorbed on the capillary wall and polar groups of the dried substance, the water is not frozen, when the water reaches a certain content, conditions are provided for the growth and the propagation of microorganisms and certain reactions, and in order to ensure that the product reaches the qualified residual water content, improve the storage stability of the product and prolong the storage life, the product must be further dried. After the second stage of drying, the content of residual moisture in the product is determined according to the product type and the requirement, generally between 0.45% and 4%, and multiple groups of finished product detection data need to be compared in the finished product detection process, so that the detection contingency is avoided, and the detection accuracy is improved.
EXAMPLE III
Referring to fig. 1-2, a method for freezing and preserving pet food comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing raw materials, namely selecting fresh chicken, duck, beef, mutton and fish, respectively putting the prepared meat into different cleaning equipment for cleaning, avoiding cleaning different kinds of meat together, and simultaneously preparing matched raw materials which need to be added in the pet food;
s2: cutting, namely cutting the cleaned raw materials into meat blocks with the same size by using a cutting device, wherein the situation that different types of meat cannot be cut in a mixed manner is also avoided during cutting, and microorganisms are easy to intersect due to different microorganisms on different types of meat, so that later sterilization can be influenced;
s3: sterilizing, namely putting the cut meat blocks into different sterilizing equipment respectively, and sterilizing the meat blocks comprehensively by using the sterilizing equipment; simultaneously blanching the prepared plant raw material mixed with the meat;
s4: mixing, meat and different plant additives are fully mixed after disinfection and sterilization are completed, a mixture of pet food is obtained after mixing is completed, the additives are mainly used as a modulator, if raw materials or finished products of the pet food mildew or nutritional ingredients are oxidized and lose efficacy, the nutritional value can be reduced, the feed intake of animals is influenced, and poisoning and even death of pets are caused seriously. To solve the problems, currently, mold inhibitors and antioxidants are widely used in the production process. The mildew inhibitor mainly comprises propionic acid and its salts, sorbic acid and its salts, citric acid and sodium citrate, fumaric acid and its esters, benzoic acid and sodium benzoate, lactic acid and its salts, sodium diacetate, compound mildew inhibitor, etc. The antioxidant can be divided into a reducing agent, a retarder, a synergist and a chelate according to the action property; the method is divided into natural and artificial synthesis according to the source;
s5: pre-freezing, namely putting the pet food mixture into pre-freezing equipment, and solidifying free water in meat food materials to ensure that a dried finished product has the same shape as that before drying, so that irreversible changes such as foaming, concentration, shrinkage, solute movement and the like during vacuum drying are prevented, and the reduction of material solubility and the change of life characteristics caused by temperature reduction are reduced;
s6: drying, namely putting the mixture subjected to pre-freezing treatment into drying equipment, wherein the drying is divided into two stages, namely sublimation drying also called first-stage drying and desorption drying also called second-stage drying;
s7: detecting finished products, namely placing the dried pet food in naked air, and detecting and analyzing microorganisms on the food at intervals;
s9: packaging finished products, and packaging the food in a mass production manner after the detection is qualified.
In the invention, the freshness of the main raw materials is required in the selection process of the raw materials, meanwhile, the meat with obvious deterioration can not be selected, the meat blocks are cut into blocks with the same size during cutting treatment, so that uniform disinfection and sterilization can be conveniently carried out in the later period, the condition of incomplete disinfection is avoided, the plant additive is firstly crushed during the mixing process, so that the plant additive is conveniently adhered on the meat blocks, the additive is uniformly adhered on the meat blocks to improve the taste of food, the first stage drying is carried out, the frozen product is placed in a closed vacuum container for heating, when all ice crystals are removed, the first stage drying is finished, about 90 percent of all moisture is removed at the moment, the drying is started from the outer surface and gradually pushed inwards, the residual gaps after the ice crystals are sublimated become escape channels of later sublimated water vapor, the ice in the dried product is sublimated in the second stage, the product is dried in the second stage, after the first stage, a part of water is adsorbed on the capillary wall and polar groups of the dried substance, the water is not frozen, when the water reaches a certain content, conditions are provided for the growth and the propagation of microorganisms and certain reactions, and in order to ensure that the product reaches the qualified residual water content, improve the storage stability of the product and prolong the storage life, the product must be further dried. After the second stage of drying, the content of residual moisture in the product is determined according to the product type and the requirement, generally between 0.45% and 4%, and multiple groups of finished product detection data need to be compared in the finished product detection process, so that the detection contingency is avoided, and the detection accuracy is improved.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.