CN114200008B - On-board nondestructive detection system and method for internal defects of railway track slab structure - Google Patents
On-board nondestructive detection system and method for internal defects of railway track slab structure Download PDFInfo
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- CVOFKRWYWCSDMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-n-(methoxymethyl)acetamide;2,6-dinitro-n,n-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC(CC)=C1N(COC)C(=O)CCl.CCCN(CCC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O CVOFKRWYWCSDMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
本发明属于工程无损检测技术领域，公开了铁路轨道板结构内部病害车载无损检测系统及方法，包括非接触声发射阵列检测系统布置，电磁冲击锤激发信号，声发射多通道主机进行数据采集，小车移动、信号再次激发、数据再采集，数据合成，数据成像，缺陷差异分析，成果输出。本发明从轨道板上方进行阵列检测，能够无损地检测轨道板内病害情况，识别轨道板内病害位置、深度及砂浆脱空情况；传感器阵列以非接触方式与轨道板保持恒距，便于移动检测，传感器阵列具有扩展性，可根据检测精度要求增加减少传感器数量，同时以轨道电动车为载体、多通道主机接收数据，采集效率高。
The present invention belongs to the technical field of engineering nondestructive testing, and discloses a vehicle-mounted nondestructive testing system and method for internal defects of railway track plate structures, including a non-contact acoustic emission array detection system arrangement, an electromagnetic impact hammer to excite a signal, an acoustic emission multi-channel host to collect data, a trolley to move, a signal to re-excite, data to re-collect, data synthesis, data imaging, defect difference analysis, and output of results. The present invention performs array detection from above the track plate, can non-destructively detect the condition of the defects in the track plate, and identify the location, depth, and mortar depletion of the defects in the track plate; the sensor array maintains a constant distance from the track plate in a non-contact manner, which is convenient for mobile detection, and the sensor array is scalable, and the number of sensors can be increased or decreased according to the detection accuracy requirements. At the same time, the rail electric vehicle is used as a carrier and the multi-channel host receives data, and the collection efficiency is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering nondestructive testing, and particularly relates to a vehicle-mounted non-contact array nondestructive testing system and method for internal diseases of a railway track plate structure.
Background
At present, the state of a track slab is critical to the safety of a train running at a high speed, but is influenced by factors such as train load, vibration, wind and rain erosion, temperature change and the like, the track slab is inevitably cracked and void, the defects can cause corrosion of reinforcing steel bars of a concrete structure, the durability is poor, and how to quickly, accurately and nondestructively find out the positions and the scales of the defects before maintenance is very necessary.
For concrete crack detection, mostly manual naked eye identification or crack graduated scale short-distance detection is low in precision and large in artificial influence, in recent years, some people adopt an image identification technology to detect the crack, and although the plane detection precision is high, the crack depth cannot be detected; currently, an ultrasonic detection scheme is adopted for crack depth detection, but the ultrasonic detection scheme is mostly in a one-transmission-one-reception mode, so that the transceiving distance needs to be gradually enlarged, the efficiency is low, and the high-speed railway skylight is short at night and in time and has great difficulty in the traditional crack detection technology. The internal void of the railway track slab is mostly generated between the track slab and the supporting layer, belongs to hidden defects, is difficult to detect by an appearance inspection method, and is detected by an elastic wave reflection method. At present, a contact accelerometer is mostly adopted for void detection, and in addition, a single-channel transmitting mode and a single-channel receiving mode are mostly adopted, so that the problems of poor resolution and low efficiency exist, and a nondestructive detection method and equipment with high efficiency and high precision are required to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the related art, the disclosed embodiment of the invention provides a vehicle-mounted non-contact array nondestructive testing system and method for internal diseases of a railway track plate structure, which can solve the difficult problem of detecting the diseases of the track plate and mortar below and improve the detection efficiency. The technical scheme is as follows:
the nondestructive testing method for the vehicle-mounted non-contact array of the internal disease of the railway track plate structure comprises the following steps:
step one, arranging a non-contact acoustic emission array detection system;
Carrying an electric rail trolley onto a railway rail, then placing a power supply storage battery and an acoustic emission multichannel host on the electric rail trolley, and fixing; the power supply storage battery is connected with the acoustic emission multi-channel host by using a power supply cable, and then the electromagnetic impact hammer and the acoustic emission sensor array are respectively connected with the acoustic emission multi-channel host by using an excitation source control cable and a signal transmission cable;
step two, exciting signals by an electromagnetic impact hammer, and acquiring data by an acoustic emission multichannel host;
The acoustic emission multi-channel host controls the electromagnetic impact hammer to perform primary hammering on the ballastless track plate below, and in the process of each traveling of the electric track trolley, the electromagnetic impact hammer performs primary hammering, and an excited elastic wave signal propagates forwards along the ballastless track plate; the acoustic emission multichannel host starts to receive elastic wave signals acquired by the acoustic emission sensor array;
Step three, the trolley moves, signals are excited again, and data are collected again;
after data acquisition is completed, the electric track trolley continuously moves forwards, after the last hammering, the acoustic emission multi-channel host receives ranging information of a ranging encoder in real time, when the moving distance reaches a set distance each time, the acoustic emission multi-channel host controls an electromagnetic impact hammer to hammer the ballastless track plate downwards again, the acoustic emission multi-channel host receives signals acquired by the acoustic emission sensor array again, and data files are continuously stored in an acoustic emission multi-channel host project catalog each time data acquisition is completed;
Step four, data synthesis;
Synthesizing the data files acquired in the second step and the fourth step to construct elastic wave synthesized data, wherein the data comprises: excitation point position, receiving point position, sampling interval, sampling point number and signal amplitude;
Step five, data imaging;
Imaging the synthesized data, wherein the data imaging comprises four parts of contents: establishing an elastic longitudinal wave speed model, reconstructing an elastic longitudinal wave signal sequence, performing cross-correlation superposition imaging on the signal sequence, and performing amplitude focusing imaging on the signal sequence;
step six, defect difference analysis;
After the data imaging is finished, multiplying the longitudinal time of the time imaging section by v calculated in the signal sequence amplitude focusing imaging, and converting the multiplied v into depth; then, overlapping the time overlapping imaging profile and the amplitude focusing imaging profile to form a final imaging profile, wherein the transverse direction is the position and the longitudinal direction is the depth; finally, according to the imaging result in the step five, carrying out difference epsilon-epsilon 0 with the imaging section of the defect-free model to form a difference section, wherein epsilon is the signal amplitude;
Step seven, outputting results;
And drawing a railway ballastless track plate detection section along the line direction according to the six analysis results in the step, wherein the detection section comprises the position, scale and quantitative evaluation result of the internal diseases of the structure.
In one embodiment, in the second step, data acquisition is completed once, the data is stored in a project catalog established by the acoustic emission multichannel host in a binary file form, the data file contains a file header and acquisition signals, the file header stores engineering names, excitation point positions (x s,ys) and receiving point positions (x r,yr), sampling intervals Δt, sampling points N and a signal sequence ζ are stored according to a sampling point sequence.
In one embodiment, in step four, the method of data synthesis is: and reading all the data files, wherein the file header is the total excitation number, the sampling interval delta t, the sampling point number N, the excitation point position (x s,ys) and the receiving point position (x r,yr) of each time, the signal sequence xi is sequentially stored according to the excitation order and the sampling order, and the synthesized data files are still stored as binary files.
In one embodiment, in step five, building the elastic longitudinal wave velocity model includes:
An elastic longitudinal wave lamellar speed model is established according to the structural size and strength, and the railway is sequentially provided with a ballastless track plate, a mortar cushion layer and an underlying concrete foundation from top to bottom; and establishing a two-dimensional space model according to the track structure, setting the elastic longitudinal wave speed, and completing the establishment of the two-dimensional longitudinal wave speed model.
In one embodiment, in step five, reconstructing the elastic longitudinal wave signal sequence comprises:
Based on the elastic longitudinal wave speed model of the ballastless track plate layered structure and the observation position, calculating elastic wave signal sequences of source points at different moments of excitation and receiving points, preparing for correlated imaging with observation data, and mainly reflecting a layer interface due to the calculation according to a reflection principle; the implementation mode of the step of reconstructing the elastic longitudinal wave signal sequence is that the data acquired in the fourth step are loaded, the positions of the excitation point and the receiving point are acquired, the elastic longitudinal wave speed model is based on the ballastless track slab structure, and an elastic wave displacement equation is solved And velocity stress equationWhere u is the displacement field, v is the propagation velocity of acoustic wave in the medium, p is the stress, v x and v z are the elastic longitudinal wave velocities of the particles in the transverse and longitudinal directions, respectively, and the model is isotropic, so v x＝vz.
In one embodiment, in step five, signal sequence cross-correlation stacked imaging comprises:
after the elastic longitudinal wave signal sequence is reconstructed, carrying out cross-correlation superposition imaging of the signal sequences for identifying the change of a layer interface;
the signal sequence cross-correlation superposition imaging implementation mode is to perform cross-correlation calculation on the reconstructed longitudinal wave signal sequence at the same time and the data sequence acquired in the step four, and the expression is as follows: s (x, t) R (x, t), S (x, t) and R (x, t) respectively represent a space position x, a reconstruction signal with extrapolation time t and an actual measurement signal, after the cross-correlation operation of the reconstruction signal and the actual measurement signal at the same time, the values at all times are overlapped and imaged, T is the total time length, if the deep layer interface is not obvious, a normalization calculation formula can be adopted for superposition imaging: Or (b) Finally, a time series related imaging section is formed, wherein the transverse direction is the position, and the longitudinal direction is the time.
In one embodiment, in step five, signal sequence amplitude focus imaging comprises:
after the signal sequences are subjected to relevant superposition along with the time variation, carrying out amplitude focusing imaging along with the position variation, wherein the amplitude focusing imaging mainly identifies internal defect points through a multi-channel array and is used for identifying the internal defect points of the object body;
Calculation when first walking: Wherein t m is travel time between a target point and an observation point in the ballastless track plate, r m is distance between a sensor and the target point in the ballastless track plate, h is horizontal distance between the target point and the observation point in the ballastless track plate, d m is vertical distance between the target point and the observation point in the ballastless track plate, v is average speed of ultrasonic wave propagation in the ballastless track plate, v is calculated: assuming that the excitation time is t 0 and the time unit is mu s, then automatically reading the arrival time of the head wave from eight acoustic wave detection curves, making the difference delta t between two adjacent paths, further calculating and obtaining the speed v i between the two paths by using the formula v i =L/delta t, wherein L is the distance between the two acoustic wave sensors, and finally using the formula Calculating the average elastic wave velocity of the measuring region;
after the calculation is completed, the time passes through Carrying out amplitude superposition focusing imaging on the elastic wave signals, and when a defect exists in the target body, forming strong reflection on the longitudinal wave sequence at the corresponding position and moment, and enhancing the signal intensity of the defect part through repeated superposition; wherein, R (d m,tm) is the m-th actual measurement longitudinal wave signal sequence, R (x i,yi) is the amplitude focusing imaging sequence of the receiving point (x i,yi), N is the total number of acquired signals, N=the moving distance of the rail car per 20 cm, and finally an amplitude focusing imaging section is formed, wherein the transverse direction is the position, and the longitudinal direction is the depth;
and finally, multiplying the longitudinal time of the time imaging profile by v calculated in the amplitude focusing imaging, converting the multiplied v into depth, and superposing the time superposition imaging profile and the amplitude focusing imaging profile to form a final imaging profile, wherein the transverse direction is the position, and the longitudinal direction is the depth.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a nondestructive testing system for a vehicular non-contact array for internal diseases of a railway track slab structure, which implements the nondestructive testing method for a vehicular non-contact array for internal diseases of a railway track slab structure, the nondestructive testing system for a vehicular non-contact array for internal diseases of a railway track slab structure comprising:
the electric rail trolley is arranged on the railway rail, and the acoustic emission multichannel host and the power supply storage battery are arranged above the electric rail trolley;
An electromagnetic impact hammer, an acoustic emission sensor array, an acoustic absorption plate and a ranging encoder are hung below the electric rail trolley;
the acoustic emission multichannel host arranged above the electric track trolley is connected with the power supply storage battery through a power supply cable;
The electromagnetic impact hammer suspended below the electric track trolley is fixed below the electric track trolley through an excitation source rubber strip, and the electromagnetic impact hammer is connected with the acoustic emission multichannel host through an excitation source control cable;
And the acoustic emission sensor array suspended below the electric track trolley is connected with the acoustic emission multichannel host through a signal transmission cable.
In one embodiment, a suspended ranging encoder below the electric track trolley is connected with a rear axle of the electric track trolley through a belt, and the ranging encoder is connected with an acoustic emission multichannel host through a ranging signal cable;
The acoustic emission sensor array consists of eight acoustic emission sensor bodies, the acoustic emission sensor bodies are arranged below the cross rod at equal intervals, and the cross rod is fixed below the electric rail trolley through a sensor rubber strip.
In one embodiment, the acoustic panel is located between the electromagnetic impact hammer and the acoustic emission sensor array, and the acoustic panel is the same as the electromagnetic impact hammer and the first acoustic emission sensor body in lateral distance;
and the electromagnetic impact hammer is impacted to the surface of the ballastless track plate and is controlled by the electromagnetic relay.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. The invention carries out array detection from the upper part of the track plate, can nondestructively detect the disease condition in the track plate, and can identify the disease position, depth and mortar void condition in the track plate;
2. The sensor array keeps a constant distance with the track plate in a non-contact mode, so that the movement detection is convenient, the sensor array has expansibility, the number of sensors can be increased and reduced according to the detection precision requirement, and meanwhile, the track electric vehicle is used as a carrier, a multichannel host receives data, and the acquisition efficiency is high;
3. The electromagnetic impact hammer 4 of the nondestructive testing system is controlled by an electromagnetic relay, the impact strength and the interval are controllable, the electromagnetic impact hammer can be automatically excited according to a set distance, the excited elastic wave energy is stable, and the data consistency is good;
4. The detection system automatically excites elastic waves and automatically acquires data along with the movement of the carrying system, images rapidly according to the acquired data, and generates an elastic wave section of the track plate at a high speed, so that the degree of automation is high;
5. compared with the performance comparison of the existing technologies in the internal disease test of the ballastless track plate, the detection method has the advantages of high precision, accurate defect positioning, visual imaging, high automation degree, high imaging speed and high efficiency, can identify the disease position, can detect the disease depth and scale, and can provide effective technical support for railway maintenance.
Comparison with the prior art
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure of the invention as claimed.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure of a non-contact array nondestructive testing system for internal defect of a railway track slab structure provided by an embodiment of the invention
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a nondestructive testing method for a vehicle-mounted non-contact acoustic emission array of a railway track plate provided by an embodiment of the invention
FIG. 3 is a graph of a disease-free track plate structure model and a detection effect provided by an embodiment of the invention;
Wherein, fig. 3 (a) is a disease-free track plate structure model; (b) is the imaging result.
FIG. 4is a graph of a disease-containing track plate structure model and an imaging effect provided by an embodiment of the invention;
wherein, fig. 4 (a) is a slab structure model of a disease-containing track; fig. 4 (a) is an imaging result.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the detection results of a railway track slab structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention
In the figure: 1. an electric track trolley; 2. an acoustic emission multi-channel host; 3. a power supply battery; 4. an electromagnetic impact hammer; 5. an acoustic emission sensor array; 6. a power supply cable; 7. an excitation source control cable; 8. a signal transmission cable; 9. an acoustic emission sensor body; 10. a cross bar; 11. a sensor rubber strip; 12. an excitation source rubber strip; 13. a sound absorbing panel; 14. a ranging signal cable; 15. ballastless track slabs; 16. a ranging encoder; 17. a belt.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The invention may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, which is therefore not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
As shown in fig. 1, the vehicle-mounted non-contact array nondestructive testing system for the internal diseases of the railway track slab structure comprises an electric track trolley 1 arranged on a railway track, an acoustic emission multi-channel host machine 2 and a power supply battery jar 3 which are arranged above the electric track trolley 1, wherein an electromagnetic impact hammer 4, an acoustic emission sensor array 5, an acoustic absorption plate 13 and a ranging encoder 16 are hung below the electric track trolley 1. The steel rail is fixed on the ballastless track plate 15 through fasteners, and the electric track trolley 1 is positioned on the steel rail.
The acoustic emission multichannel host machine 2 arranged above the electric track trolley 1 is connected with the power supply storage battery 3 through a power supply cable 6.
The electromagnetic impact hammer 4 suspended below the electric track trolley 1 is fixed below the electric track trolley 1 through an excitation source rubber strip 12, and the electromagnetic impact hammer 4 is connected with the acoustic emission multichannel host 2 through an excitation source control cable 7.
The acoustic emission sensor array 5 suspended below the electric track trolley 1 is connected with the acoustic emission multichannel host machine 2 through a signal transmission cable 8.
The ranging encoder 16 hung below the electric track trolley 1 is connected with a rear axle of the electric track trolley 1 through a belt 17, and the ranging encoder 16 is connected with the acoustic emission multichannel host 2 through a ranging signal cable 14. The acoustic emission sensor array 5 consists of 8 acoustic emission sensor bodies 9 which are arranged below a cross rod 10, wherein the acoustic emission sensor bodies are arranged at equal intervals and have a distance of 20 cm, and the cross rod 10 is fixed below the electric rail trolley 1 through a sensor rubber strip 11. The sound-absorbing plate 13 is positioned between the electromagnetic impact hammer 4 and the acoustic emission sensor array 5, and the transverse distance between the sound-absorbing plate 13 and the electromagnetic impact hammer 4 and the transverse distance between the sound-absorbing plate and the first acoustic emission sensor body 9 are 20 cm. The electromagnetic impact hammer 4 can impact the surface of the ballastless track plate 15, the electromagnetic impact hammer 4 is controlled by an electromagnetic relay, elastic waves can be stably excited, and impact force and interval are controllable.
As shown in fig. 2, the invention also provides a nondestructive testing method for the vehicle-mounted non-contact array of the internal diseases of the railway track plate structure, which comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging a non-contact acoustic emission array detection system;
The system connection is implemented in the manner shown in fig. 1, the electric rail car 1 is manually conveyed onto the railway track, and then the power supply battery 3 and the acoustic emission multichannel host 2 are placed on the electric rail car 1 and fixed. The power supply battery 3 is connected with the acoustic emission multi-channel host 2 by using the power supply cable 6, and then the electromagnetic impact hammer 4 and the acoustic emission sensor array 5 are respectively connected with the acoustic emission multi-channel host 2 by using the excitation source control cable 7 and the signal transmission cable 8.
S2, exciting signals by the electromagnetic impact hammer 4, and acquiring data by the acoustic emission multi-channel host 2;
The acoustic emission multi-channel host machine 2 controls the electromagnetic impact hammer 4 to perform hammering once on the ballastless track plate 15 below, and the electromagnetic impact hammer 4 performs hammering once every 20 cm of travel of the electric track trolley 1, so that an excited elastic wave signal propagates forwards along the ballastless track plate 15; at the same time, the acoustic emission multi-channel host 2 starts to receive signals acquired by the acoustic emission sensor array 5, the sampling rate is more than 1M/s, namely, the sampling interval deltat=1mu s, data acquisition is completed once, the data are stored in a project catalog established by the acoustic emission multi-channel host 2 in a binary file form, the data file comprises a file header and acquired signals, the file header stores engineering names, excitation point positions (x s,ys) and receiving point positions (x r,yr), the sampling interval deltat and sampling point number N, and a signal sequence zeta is stored according to the sequence of sampling points.
S3, trolley movement, signal re-excitation and data re-acquisition:
After the last data acquisition, the electric track trolley 1 continuously moves forwards, after the last hammering, the acoustic emission multi-channel host machine 2 receives the ranging information of the ranging encoder 16 in real time, when the moving distance reaches 20 cm each time, the acoustic emission multi-channel host machine 2 controls the electromagnetic impact hammer 4 to hammer the ballastless track plate 15 downwards again, the acoustic emission multi-channel host machine 2 receives the signals acquired by the acoustic emission sensor array 5 again, and data files are continuously stored in the item catalog of the acoustic emission multi-channel host machine 2 every time the data acquisition is completed.
S4, data synthesis:
And (3) synthesizing the data files acquired in the steps S2 and S3 to construct elastic wave synthesized data, wherein the data comprises: excitation point position, receiving point position, sampling interval, sampling point number and signal amplitude;
The synthesis method comprises the following steps: and reading all the data files, wherein the file header is the total excitation number, the sampling interval delta t, the sampling point number N, the excitation point position (x s,ys) and the receiving point position (x r,yr) of each time, the signal sequence xi is sequentially stored according to the excitation order and the sampling order, and the synthesized data files are still stored as binary files.
S5, data imaging:
imaging the data of S4, the data imaging comprising four parts: and (3) establishing an elastic longitudinal wave speed model, reconstructing an elastic longitudinal wave signal sequence, performing cross-correlation superposition imaging on the signal sequence and performing amplitude focusing imaging on the signal sequence.
(1) Establishing an elastic longitudinal wave velocity model
According to the structural size and strength of the ballastless track slab 15, an elastic longitudinal wave layered speed model is built, the structure of a railway is sequentially from top to bottom, the ballastless track slab 15, a mortar cushion layer and an underlying concrete foundation, the ballastless track slab 15 is generally 20 cm thick, the mortar cushion layer is 3-10 cm thick, the underlying concrete is 50 cm thick, the strength C50 of the ballastless track slab 15, the strength C30 of the mortar cushion layer and the underlying concrete foundation C40 are respectively, a two-dimensional space model is built according to the track structure, the elastic longitudinal wave speed of the ballastless track slab 15 is set to 4200m/s, the elastic longitudinal wave speed of the mortar cushion layer is 3800m/s, and the elastic longitudinal wave speed of the underlying concrete foundation is 4000m/s, so that the building of the two-dimensional longitudinal wave speed model is completed.
(2) Reconstructing elastic longitudinal wave signal sequence
Based on the elastic longitudinal wave velocity model of the ballastless track plate 15 layer structure and the observation position, an elastic wave signal sequence of the source point excitation point and the receiving point at different moments is calculated, preparation is made for relevant imaging with observation data, and the sequence mainly reflects a layer interface due to the reflection principle. The implementation mode of the step of reconstructing the elastic longitudinal wave signal sequence is that the data acquired in the step S 4 are loaded, the positions of the excitation point and the receiving point are acquired, the elastic longitudinal wave speed model is based on the structure of the ballastless track plate 15, and an elastic wave displacement equation is solvedAnd velocity stress equationWherein u is a displacement field, v is the propagation speed of sound wave in the medium, p is stress, v x and v z are the elastic longitudinal wave speeds of particles in the transverse and longitudinal directions respectively, and the model adopts isotropy, so v x＝vz obtains longitudinal wave signal sequences advancing at different moments along with time, and the sampling interval and the sampling point number are consistent with those in step S 4.
(3) After the elastic longitudinal wave signal sequence is reconstructed, performing signal sequence cross-correlation superposition imaging
The step is mainly used for identifying the change of a layer interface, and the implementation mode of signal sequence cross-correlation superposition imaging is to perform cross-correlation calculation on a reconstructed longitudinal wave signal sequence at the same time and a data sequence acquired in the step S 4, wherein the expression is as follows: s (x, t) R (x, t), S (x, t) and R (x, t) respectively represent a space position x, a reconstruction signal with extrapolation time t and an actual measurement signal, after the cross-correlation operation of the reconstruction signal and the actual measurement signal at the same time, the values at all times are overlapped and imaged,T is the total time length, if the deep layer interface is not obvious, a normalization calculation formula can be adopted for superposition imaging: Or (b) Finally, a time series related imaging profile is formed, wherein the transverse direction is the position (unit: m), and the longitudinal direction is the time (unit: sec).
(4) After the signal sequences are subjected to time-varying correlation superposition, amplitude focusing imaging of the signal sequences which varies with the position is carried out, wherein the amplitude focusing imaging is mainly used for identifying internal defect points through a multi-channel array, and the step is mainly used for identifying the internal defect points in a target body.
Calculation when first walking: Wherein t m is the travel time between the target point and the observation point in the ballastless track plate 15, r m is the distance between the sensor and the target point in the ballastless track plate 15, h is the horizontal distance between the target point and the observation point in the ballastless track plate 15, d m is the vertical distance between the target point and the observation point in the ballastless track plate 15, v is the average speed of ultrasonic wave propagation in the ballastless track plate 15, v is calculated: assuming that the excitation time is t 0 and the time unit is mu s, then automatically reading the arrival time of the head wave from 8 acoustic wave detection curves, making the difference delta t between two adjacent paths, further calculating and obtaining the speed v i between the two paths by a formula v i =L/delta t (L is the distance between two acoustic wave sensors), and finally, obtaining the speed v i between the two paths by the formula And calculating the average elastic wave velocity of the measuring region.
After the calculation is completed, the time passes throughAnd (3) carrying out amplitude superposition focusing imaging on the elastic wave signals, wherein when a defect exists in the target body, the longitudinal wave sequence at the corresponding position and moment can form strong reflection, and the signal intensity of the defect part can be enhanced through repeated superposition. Wherein, R (d m,tm) is the m-th actual measurement longitudinal wave signal sequence, R (x i,yi) is the amplitude focusing imaging sequence of the receiving point (x i,yi), N is the total number of the acquired signals, N=the moving distance of the rail car/20 cm, and finally an amplitude focusing imaging section is formed, wherein the transverse direction is the position (unit: m), and the longitudinal direction is the depth (unit: cm).
Finally, the longitudinal time of the time imaging profile is multiplied by v calculated in the amplitude focusing imaging, converted into depth, and the time superposition imaging profile is superposed with the amplitude focusing imaging profile to form a final imaging profile, wherein the transverse direction is the position (unit: m) and the longitudinal direction is the depth (unit: m) as shown in fig. 3 (b) and 4 (b).
S 6, defect difference analysis:
after step S 5 is completed, the longitudinal time of the time imaging profile is multiplied by v calculated in the five steps of signal sequence amplitude focusing imaging, converted into depth, then the time superposition imaging profile is superimposed with the amplitude focusing imaging profile to form a final imaging profile, the transverse direction is a position (unit: m), the longitudinal direction is a depth (unit: cm), finally, according to the imaging result in the fifth step (fig. 4 b), the difference epsilon-epsilon 0 is performed with the imaging profile of the defect-free model (fig. 3 b) to form a difference profile (fig. 5), epsilon is the signal amplitude, the excitation main frequency in imaging is 50kHz, the sampling interval is 50 mu S, and the internal diseases of the ballastless track slab 15 structure can be clearly distinguished.
Using the formulaThe quantitative analysis of defect degree is carried out on the structure of the railway ballastless track plate 15 in sections, wherein delta is a residual error, N is the total number of units in the sections, i is the number of internal units, epsilon i is the signal amplitude of the ith unit, and epsilon 0 is the signal amplitude of the design model of the ith unit.
S 7, outcome output:
And drawing a detection section of the railway ballastless track plate 15 along the line direction according to the analysis result in the S 6, wherein the detection section comprises the position, scale and quantitative evaluation result of the internal diseases of the structure.
Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any adaptations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.
It is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes may be effected without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure should be limited by the attached claims.
Claims (5)
1. The nondestructive testing method for the vehicle-mounted non-contact array of the internal diseases of the railway track plate structure is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, arranging a non-contact acoustic emission array detection system;
Carrying an electric rail trolley (1) onto a railway track, and then placing a power supply storage battery (3) and an acoustic emission multichannel host (2) on the electric rail trolley (1) and fixing; the power supply storage battery (3) is connected with the acoustic emission multi-channel host machine (2) by using the power supply cable (6), and then the electromagnetic impact hammer (4) and the acoustic emission sensor array (5) are respectively connected with the acoustic emission multi-channel host machine (2) by using the excitation source control cable (7) and the signal transmission cable (8);
Step two, exciting signals by an electromagnetic impact hammer (4), and acquiring data by an acoustic emission multichannel host machine (2);
The acoustic emission multi-channel host machine (2) controls the electromagnetic impact hammer (4) to perform hammering once on the ballastless track plate (15) below, the electromagnetic impact hammer (4) performs hammering once in each advancing process of the electric track trolley (1), and the excited elastic wave signals are transmitted forwards along the ballastless track plate (15); the acoustic emission multichannel host (2) starts to receive signals acquired by the acoustic emission sensor array (5);
Step three, the trolley moves, signals are excited again, and data are collected again;
after data acquisition is completed, the electric track trolley (1) continuously moves forwards, after the last hammering, the acoustic emission multi-channel host machine (2) receives ranging information of the ranging encoder (16) in real time, when the moving distance reaches a set distance each time, the acoustic emission multi-channel host machine (2) controls the electromagnetic impact hammer (4) to hammer the ballastless track plate (15) downwards again, the acoustic emission multi-channel host machine (2) receives signals acquired by the acoustic emission sensor array (5) again, and data files are continuously stored in the item catalog of the acoustic emission multi-channel host machine (2) every time data acquisition is completed;
Step four, data synthesis;
Synthesizing the data files acquired in the second step and the fourth step to construct elastic wave synthesized data, wherein the data comprises: excitation point position, receiving point position, sampling interval, sampling point number and signal amplitude;
Step five, data imaging;
Imaging the synthesized data, wherein the data imaging comprises four parts of contents: establishing an elastic longitudinal wave speed model, reconstructing an elastic longitudinal wave signal sequence, performing cross-correlation superposition imaging on the signal sequence, and performing amplitude focusing imaging on the signal sequence;
step six, defect difference analysis;
After the data imaging is finished, multiplying the longitudinal time of the time imaging section by v calculated in the signal sequence amplitude focusing imaging, and converting the multiplied v into depth; then, overlapping the time overlapping imaging profile and the amplitude focusing imaging profile to form a final imaging profile, wherein the transverse direction is the position and the longitudinal direction is the depth; finally, according to the imaging result in the step five, carrying out difference epsilon-epsilon 0 with the imaging section of the defect-free model to form a difference section, wherein epsilon is the signal amplitude;
Step seven, outputting results;
According to the six analysis results in the step, drawing a detection section of the railway ballastless track plate (15) along the line direction, wherein the detection section comprises the position, scale and quantitative evaluation result of the internal diseases of the structure;
In step five, establishing the elastic longitudinal wave velocity model includes:
An elastic longitudinal wave lamellar speed model is established according to the structural size and strength, and the railway is sequentially provided with a ballastless track plate (15), a mortar cushion layer and an underlying concrete foundation from top to bottom; establishing a two-dimensional space model according to the track structure, setting the elastic longitudinal wave speed, and completing the establishment of the two-dimensional longitudinal wave speed model;
in step five, reconstructing the elastic longitudinal wave signal sequence comprises:
Based on an elastic longitudinal wave speed model and an observation position of a layered structure of the ballastless track plate (15), an elastic wave signal sequence of a source point excitation point and an elastic wave signal sequence of a receiving point at different moments are calculated, preparation is made for correlated imaging with observation data, and the sequence mainly reflects a layer interface because of calculation according to a reflection principle; the implementation mode of the step of reconstructing the elastic longitudinal wave signal sequence is that the data acquired in the fourth step are loaded, the positions of the excitation point and the receiving point are acquired, the elastic longitudinal wave speed model is based on the structure of the ballastless track plate (15), and an elastic wave displacement equation is solved And velocity stress equationWherein u is a displacement field, v is the propagation speed of sound waves in a medium, p is stress, v x and v z are the elastic longitudinal wave speeds of particles in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction respectively, and the model adopts isotropy, so v x＝vz;
in step five, signal sequence cross-correlation superposition imaging includes:
after the elastic longitudinal wave signal sequence is reconstructed, carrying out cross-correlation superposition imaging of the signal sequences for identifying the change of a layer interface;
the signal sequence cross-correlation superposition imaging implementation mode is to perform cross-correlation calculation on the reconstructed longitudinal wave signal sequence at the same time and the data sequence acquired in the step four, and the expression is as follows: s (x, t) R (x, t), S (x, t) and R (x, t) respectively represent a space position x, a reconstruction signal with extrapolation time t and an actual measurement signal, after the cross-correlation operation of the reconstruction signal and the actual measurement signal at the same time, the values at all times are overlapped and imaged, T is the total time length, if the deep layer interface is not obvious, a normalization calculation formula can be adopted for superposition imaging: Or (b) Finally forming a time series related imaging section, wherein the transverse direction is the position, and the longitudinal direction is the time;
in step five, signal sequence amplitude focus imaging includes:
after the signal sequences are subjected to relevant superposition along with the time variation, carrying out amplitude focusing imaging along with the position variation, wherein the amplitude focusing imaging mainly identifies internal defect points through a multi-channel array and is used for identifying the internal defect points of the object body;
Calculation when first walking: Wherein t m is the travel time between the target point and the observation point in the ballastless track plate (15), r m is the distance between the sensor and the target point in the ballastless track plate (15), h is the horizontal distance between the target point and the observation point in the ballastless track plate (15), d m is the vertical distance between the target point and the observation point in the ballastless track plate (15), v is the average speed of ultrasonic wave propagation in the ballastless track plate (15), v is calculated: assuming that the excitation time is t 0 and the time unit is mu s, then automatically reading the arrival time of the head wave from eight acoustic wave detection curves, making the difference delta t between two adjacent paths, further calculating and obtaining the speed v i between the two paths by using the formula v i =L/delta t, wherein L is the distance between the two acoustic wave sensors, and finally using the formula Calculating the average elastic wave velocity of the measuring region;
after the calculation is completed, the time passes through Carrying out amplitude superposition focusing imaging on the elastic wave signals, and when a defect exists in the target body, forming strong reflection on the longitudinal wave sequence at the corresponding position and moment, and enhancing the signal intensity of the defect part through repeated superposition; wherein, R (d m,tm) is the m-th actual measurement longitudinal wave signal sequence, R (x i,yi) is the amplitude focusing imaging sequence of the receiving point (x i,yi), N is the total number of acquired signals, N=the moving distance of the rail car per 20 cm, and finally an amplitude focusing imaging section is formed, wherein the transverse direction is the position, and the longitudinal direction is the depth;
Finally, multiplying the longitudinal time of the time imaging profile by v calculated in the amplitude focusing imaging, converting the multiplied v into depth, and superposing the time superposition imaging profile and the amplitude focusing imaging profile to form a final imaging profile, wherein the transverse direction is the position, and the longitudinal direction is the depth;
the vehicle-mounted non-contact array nondestructive testing system for the internal diseases of the railway track plate structure, which realizes the vehicle-mounted non-contact array nondestructive testing method for the internal diseases of the railway track plate structure, comprises the following components:
The electric rail trolley (1) is arranged on a railway rail, and the acoustic emission multichannel host (2) and the power supply battery (3) are arranged above the electric rail trolley (1);
An electromagnetic impact hammer (4), an acoustic emission sensor array (5), an acoustic absorption plate (13) and a ranging encoder (16) are suspended below the electric rail trolley (1);
the acoustic emission multichannel host (2) arranged above the electric track trolley (1) is connected with the power supply storage battery (3) through a power supply cable (6);
An electromagnetic impact hammer (4) suspended below the electric track trolley (1) is fixed below the electric track trolley (1) through an excitation source rubber strip (12), and the electromagnetic impact hammer (4) is connected with the acoustic emission multichannel host (2) through an excitation source control cable (7);
The acoustic emission sensor array (5) suspended below the electric track trolley (1) is connected with the acoustic emission multichannel host machine (2) through a signal transmission cable (8).
2. The method for non-destructive testing of a vehicle-mounted non-contact array for internal diseases of a railway track slab structure according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, data acquisition is completed, the data is stored in a project catalog established by an acoustic emission multichannel host (2) in the form of a binary file, the data file comprises a file header and acquisition signals, the file header stores engineering names, excitation point positions (x s,ys), receiving point positions (x r,yr), sampling intervals Δt, sampling point numbers N and signal sequences ζ are stored according to the order of sampling points.
3. The method for non-destructive testing of a diseased vehicle-mounted non-contact array in a railway track slab structure according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the method for synthesizing data is as follows: and reading all the data files, wherein the file header is the total excitation number, the sampling interval delta t, the sampling point number N, the excitation point position (x s,ys) and the receiving point position (x r,yr) of each time, the signal sequence xi is sequentially stored according to the excitation order and the sampling order, and the synthesized data files are still stored as binary files.
4. The nondestructive testing method for the vehicle-mounted non-contact array of the internal diseases of the railway track slab structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that a ranging encoder (16) hung below the electric track trolley (1) is connected with a rear axle of the electric track trolley (1) through a belt (17), and the ranging encoder (16) is connected with an acoustic emission multichannel host machine (2) through a ranging signal cable (14);
The acoustic emission sensor array (5) consists of eight acoustic emission sensor bodies (9), the acoustic emission sensor bodies are arranged below a cross rod (10) at equal intervals, and the cross rod (10) is fixed below the electric rail trolley (1) through a sensor rubber strip (11).
5. The nondestructive testing method for the vehicle-mounted non-contact array of the internal diseases of the railway track slab structure according to claim 1, wherein the sound absorbing plate (13) is positioned between the electromagnetic impact hammer (4) and the sound emission sensor array (5), and the transverse distance between the sound absorbing plate (13) and the electromagnetic impact hammer (4) and the first sound emission sensor body (9) is the same;
The electromagnetic impact hammer (4) impacts the surface of the ballastless track plate (15), and the electromagnetic impact hammer (4) is controlled by the electromagnetic relay.
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