CN114199748A - Corrosion rate measuring device and method based on sliding rheostat - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a corrosion rate measuring device and a measuring method based on a sliding rheostat, which comprises the sliding rheostat and a current measuring device, wherein the sliding rheostat comprises an insulating shell and a resistor, the resistor is in sliding fit with a metal plate which is vertically and electrically connected, a spring is arranged at the bottom of a second insulating layer of the metal plate, a series circuit is arranged among the current measuring device, the resistor and the metal plate, the corresponding real-time corrosion rate under the test time is calculated and obtained by calculating the mass change of a test piece in the corrosion process of the test piece, the position change of the metal plate, the change of an access resistor and the current change and calculating the mass change of the test piece by calculating the resistance change through the current, the change distance of the sliding rheostat is equal to the deformation quantity of the spring, the defects of data dispersion, low experimental efficiency and large workload caused by discontinuous weighing in the existing process are overcome, and the whole corrosion process of the test piece can be visually displayed in real time, the method can be used for detecting the corrosion resistance of materials, evaluating corrosion inhibitors, detecting the corrosion prevention effect when the process conditions are changed, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of corrosion rate measurement, and particularly relates to a corrosion rate measuring device and method based on a sliding rheostat.
Background
Corrosion refers to the process of loss and destruction of materials including metals and non-metals in a surrounding medium including water, air, acids, bases, salts, solvents, etc., metal corrosion refers to the destruction of metals under the chemical or electrochemical action of the surrounding medium, and often under the combined action of physical, mechanical or biological factors, and corrosion of metals is the most common form of corrosion. During corrosion, chemical or electrochemical multiphase reaction occurs on the interface of metal, so that the metal is converted into an oxidized (ionic) state, which can remarkably reduce the mechanical properties of the metal material, such as strength, plasticity, toughness and the like, destroy the geometric shape of a metal member, increase the abrasion among parts, deteriorate the physical properties of electricity, optics and the like, shorten the service life of equipment, and even cause disastrous accidents, such as fire, explosion and the like. The indirect losses such as production stoppage, power failure and the like caused by metal corrosion accidents can not be calculated, so that the measurement and prevention of metal corrosion are important. Corrosion rate is a quantitative indicator describing the degree of uniform corrosion of a metal. After the metal is corroded, the quality, the thickness, the mechanical property, the tissue structure and the electrode process of the metal are changed, and the change rate of the physical and mechanical properties can be used for indicating the degree of the metal corrosion.
Common corrosion rate measurement methods include: the method comprises a gravimetric method, a volumetric method, a polarization curve method and the like, wherein the gravimetric method is a more classical method which is suitable for laboratories and field tests and is one of the most reliable methods for measuring the metal corrosion rate. The gravimetric method is the basis of other methods for measuring the metal corrosion rate, and a laboratory experiment for simulating corrosion usually adopts a discontinuous weighing method, namely, after a test metal is subjected to a corrosion test, the test metal needs to be taken out and weighed, so that the mass change before and after the test metal is corroded can be calculated; the discontinuous weighing method can obtain a group of metal corrosion data only by multiple operations, has low experimental efficiency and large workload of experimenters, obtains a group of discrete points as data, takes out the measurement process to separate from the experimental environment, cannot visually display the whole process of metal corrosion test in real time, and particularly has longer test time of test piece corrosion and incapability of measuring continuous corrosion rate in real time for a field test with a corrosion condition of a non-laboratory ideal state, thereby influencing the corrosion resistance of a detection material, evaluating and selecting a corrosion inhibitor, detecting the corrosion resistance effect when changing the process condition, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a corrosion rate measuring device and a corrosion rate measuring method based on a sliding rheostat, which are used for measuring the corrosion rate in real time based on the sliding rheostat, solve the defects of data dispersion, low experimental efficiency and large workload caused by discontinuous weighing in the existing process, can visually display the whole corrosion process of a test piece in real time, and can be used for detecting the corrosion resistance of a material, evaluating a corrosion inhibitor, detecting the corrosion resistance effect when the process conditions are changed, and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the utility model provides a corrosion rate measuring device based on slide rheostat, includes slide rheostat and current measuring device, slide rheostat includes insulating casing and resistance, the resistance is vertical to be set up on insulating casing, resistance sliding fit has the metal sheet of perpendicular electricity connection, metal sheet top and bottom are equipped with first insulating layer and second insulating layer respectively, second insulating layer bottom is equipped with vertical spring, be equipped with series circuit between current measuring device, resistance and the metal sheet.
Above-mentioned corrosion rate measuring device, preferably, be equipped with first recess on the insulating casing, metal sheet and spring set up in first recess, metal sheet and first recess inner wall sliding fit on vertical direction, first recess one side is equipped with the second recess, resistance sets up in the second recess.
Above-mentioned corrosion rate measuring device, preferably, the series circuit includes power, switch and wire, wire series connection power, switch, metal sheet, resistance and current measuring device, and the wire is connected electrically with the metal sheet and is kept away from the one end electricity of resistance, and the wire is connected electrically with the resistance bottom.
Preferably, the corrosion rate measuring device comprises a current recorder, and the current recorder is used for recording current data of the current measuring device along with the test time.
In the corrosion rate measuring device, preferably, the current measuring device is connected to a computer, the computer is configured to input test information, and calculate a real-time corrosion rate according to the test information, current data of the current measuring device, and test time, where the test information includes a voltage of a series circuit, a resistance value of a resistor, a resistivity of the resistor, an original mass of the test piece, a cross-sectional area of the resistor in a direction perpendicular to a compression direction of the spring, an elastic coefficient of the spring, a gravitational acceleration, and a surface area of the test piece exposed to a test environment; the computer is used for displaying, storing and inquiring the real-time corrosion rate, and drawing a corrosion rate change curve graph according to the test time and the corresponding real-time corrosion rate.
A corrosion rate measuring method based on a sliding rheostat comprises the following steps: the measuring device is adopted, a test piece is placed on the top of the first insulating layer, and after the series circuit is connected, the real-time corrosion rate is calculated according to current data of the current measuring device, test time, voltage of the series circuit, resistance value of the resistor, resistivity of the resistor, original mass of the test piece, cross sectional area of the resistor in the direction perpendicular to the compression direction of the spring, spring elastic coefficient, gravity acceleration and surface area of the test piece exposed in a test environment.
The corrosion rate measuring method preferably comprises the following specific steps:
(1) testing the original mass G1 of a test piece, placing the test piece on the top of a first insulating layer, placing a measuring device in a testing environment after a series circuit is connected, wherein the resistance connected into the series circuit is omega 1, and the spring is compressed to the length X to obtain current data I of the current measuring device;
(2) after the measuring device passes a test time t in a test environment, the mass of a test piece is G2, the length of a spring is x, the resistance connected into the series circuit is omega 2, current data i of the current measuring device are obtained, and a real-time corrosion rate v is calculated;
the corrosion rate v is calculated by:
calculating resistance change delta omega through current change:
calculating the change distance delta L of the sliding rheostat through the resistance change:
the variable distance of the slide rheostat is equal to the deformation of the spring: X-X ═ Δ L;
fourthly, calculating the mass change delta G of the test piece through the spring deformation quantity:
calculating the real-time corrosion rate v through the mass change of the test piece:
in the formula of (I) - (V): u is the series circuit voltage; alpha is the resistivity; s is the cross-sectional area of the resistor in the direction perpendicular to the compression direction of the spring; k is the spring elastic coefficient; g is the acceleration of gravity; s is the surface area of the test piece exposed to the test environment.
The corrosion rate measuring method preferably adopts a computer to process, calculate, display, store and inquire the real-time corrosion rate, and draw a corrosion rate change curve chart according to the test time and the corresponding real-time corrosion rate, and the measuring method is used for laboratory or field tests.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the slide rheostat is combined in a corrosion rate measuring device, the mass of a test piece is gradually changed in the corrosion process of the test piece, the position of a metal plate after a spring is compressed under the action of gravity is changed, so that the resistance connected into a series circuit after sliding is changed, the current of the series circuit is changed, the current change data measured by the current measuring device is used for calculating the resistance change, the change distance of the slide rheostat is equal to the spring deformation quantity, the mass change of the test piece is calculated, and the corresponding real-time corrosion rate under the test time is calculated and obtained.
(2) The real-time corrosion rate can be displayed, stored and inquired by combining a computer, a corrosion rate change curve graph is drawn according to the test time and the corresponding real-time corrosion rate, and automatic and whole-process visual measurement is realized for a laboratory measurement environment, even a field test environment in a non-ideal state with long measurement time.
In conclusion, the real-time corrosion rate measurement is carried out based on the slide rheostat, so that the possibility of more accurately observing the corrosion rule of the test piece is provided, the convenience and the accuracy of the test piece corrosion rate measurement are improved, the whole corrosion process of the test piece can be visually displayed in real time, and the method can be used for detecting the corrosion resistance of materials, selecting corrosion inhibitors, detecting the corrosion prevention effect when the process conditions are changed, and the like.
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The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of a measurement structure in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view structural view of an insulating case according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a measurement calculation flowchart of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a sliding rheostat 1, a current measuring device 2, an insulating shell 11, a resistor 12, a metal plate 3, a first insulating layer 4, a second insulating layer 5, a spring 6, a first groove 7, a second groove 8, a series circuit 9, a power supply 91, a switch 92, a lead 93 and a test piece 10.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, in a preferred embodiment of the sliding rheostat-based corrosion rate measuring device of the present invention, the measuring device comprises a sliding rheostat 1 and a current measuring device 2, the sliding rheostat 1 comprises an insulating housing 11 and a resistor 12, the resistor 12 is vertically arranged on the insulating housing 11, the resistor 12 is slidably fitted with a metal plate 3 which is vertically and electrically connected, the top and the bottom of the metal plate 3 are respectively provided with a first insulating layer 4 and a second insulating layer 5, the bottom of the second insulating layer 5 is provided with a vertical spring 6, and a series circuit 9 is arranged among the current measuring device 2, the resistor 12 and the metal plate 3.
Above-mentioned corrosion rate measuring device, preferably, be equipped with first recess 7 on the insulating casing 11, metal sheet 3 and spring 6 set up in first recess 7, and metal sheet 3 and first recess 7 inner wall sliding fit on vertical direction, first recess 7 one side is equipped with second recess 8, resistance 12 sets up in second recess 8.
In the corrosion rate measuring device, preferably, the series circuit 9 includes a power source 91, a switch 92 and a lead 93, the lead 93 connects the power source 91, the switch 92, the metal plate 3, the resistor 12 and the current measuring device 2 in series, the lead 93 is electrically connected to one end of the metal plate 3 away from the resistor 12, and the lead 93 is electrically connected to the bottom end of the resistor 12.
In the corrosion rate measuring device, the current measuring device 2 preferably includes a current recorder for recording current data of the current measuring device 2 over the test time.
In the corrosion rate measuring device, preferably, the current measuring device 2 is connected to a computer, the computer is configured to input test information, and calculate a real-time corrosion rate according to the test information, current data of the current measuring device 2, and test time, where the test information includes a voltage of the series circuit 9, a resistance value of the resistor 12, a resistivity of the resistor 12, an original mass of the test piece, a cross-sectional area of the resistor 12 in a direction perpendicular to a compression direction of the spring 6, an elastic coefficient of the spring 6, a gravitational acceleration, and a surface area of the test piece exposed to a test environment; the computer is used for displaying, storing and inquiring the real-time corrosion rate, and drawing a corrosion rate change curve graph according to the test time and the corresponding real-time corrosion rate.
The installation method and effects of embodiment 1 are as follows:
the resistor 12 is vertically arranged in the second groove 8, the spring 6 is arranged in the first groove 7, the metal plate 3 with the first insulating layer 4 on the top and the second insulating layer 5 on the bottom is arranged in the first groove 7 on the top of the spring 6, the metal plate 3 is in sliding fit with the first groove 7 and the resistor 12 in the vertical direction after being pre-pressed by the spring 6, the metal plate 3 is horizontal and is in vertical electrical contact connection with the resistor 12, the series circuit 9 is connected with the power source 91, the switch 92, one end of the metal plate 3, far away from the resistor 12, the bottom end of the resistor 12 and the current measuring device 2 through a lead 93, power is supplied to the power source 91, preferably, a computer outputs a control signal to the switch 92, and the switch 92 controls the series circuit 9 to be opened and closed.
First insulating layer 4 and second insulating layer 5 for with measure test piece or spring 6 insulating, metal sheet 3 and insulating casing 11 sliding fit closed spring 6 avoid spring 6 to expose in testing environment, guarantee simultaneously that slip back metal sheet 3 is perpendicular with resistance 12, make spring 6 equal to metal sheet 3 slip front and back resistance 12 of vertical direction insert series circuit 9's change distance, so that guarantee the corrosion rate and measure and calculate.
Preferably, the current measuring device 2 comprises a current sensor and a ZDR-19 type current recorder, the current sensor is connected into the series circuit 9, a data line of the current sensor transmits a current signal into the current recorder, the current recorder is connected with a serial port of a computer through a communication interface RS-232 or USB through a communication cable, the computer adopts more than PC586, a current recorder application program runs on the computer, the current recorder can communicate with the computer under a standard Windows interface, the working state of the current recorder is set through the computer, the working state comprises the recording start time, the recording period, the stop time, the stop mode and other parameters of the current recorder, the data collected by the data recorder is read, and the computer can list, draw a curve, set a user name, calculate an average value, a peak value, the collected data under Windows, And connecting the display device and the printing device through a computer to display and print in real time.
Preferably, the computer is connected with the display device and the input device to input test information, the computer application layer software is used for programming and calculating the corrosion rate according to a calculation method of the real-time corrosion rate, a corrosion rate change curve graph is programmed and drawn according to the test time and the corresponding real-time corrosion rate, the computer is connected with the display device and the storage device or the storage module, the computer processor is used for matching and storing the test information and the real-time corrosion rate and the curve graph in the storage device or the storage module, and the test information and the real-time corrosion rate and the curve graph are displayed through the display device and are inquired through the inquiry module of the computer by calling the storage device or the storage module.
Example 2:
the invention discloses a better implementation mode of the corrosion rate measuring method based on the sliding rheostat, which comprises the following steps: by adopting the measuring device of the embodiment, the test piece is placed on the top of the first insulating layer 4, and the real-time corrosion rate is calculated according to the current data of the current measuring device 2, the test time, the voltage of the series circuit 9, the resistance value of the resistor 12, the resistivity of the resistor 12, the original mass of the test piece, the cross-sectional area of the resistor 12 in the compression direction of the vertical spring 6, the elastic coefficient of the spring 6, the gravity acceleration and the surface area of the test piece exposed in the test environment after the series circuit 9 is connected.
As shown in fig. 3, the corrosion rate measuring method preferably includes the following steps:
1, testing the original mass G1 of a test piece, placing the test piece on the top of a first insulating layer 4, placing a measuring device in a testing environment after a series circuit 9 is connected, wherein the resistor 12 connected into the series circuit 9 is omega 1, and the spring 6 is compressed to the length X to obtain current data I of a current measuring device 2;
2, the measuring device passes a test time t in a test environment, the mass of the test piece is G2, the length of the spring 6 is x, the resistor 12 connected into the series circuit 9 is omega 2, current data i of the current measuring device 2 are obtained, and a real-time corrosion rate v is calculated;
the corrosion rate v is calculated by:
calculating the change delta omega of the resistance 12 through the current change:
calculating the change distance delta L of the slide rheostat 1 through the change of the resistor 12:
the variable distance of the slide rheostat 1 is equal to the deformation of the spring 6: X-X ═ Δ L;
fourthly, calculating the mass change delta G of the test piece through the deformation quantity of the spring 6:
calculating the real-time corrosion rate v through the mass change of the test piece:
in the formula of (I) - (V): u is the voltage, v, of the series circuit 9; α is resistivity, Ω · m; s is the cross-sectional area of the resistor 12 perpendicular to the compression direction of the spring 6, m2(ii) a k is the elastic coefficient of the spring 6, N/mm; g is the gravity acceleration, N/kg; s is the surface area of the test piece exposed to the test environment, m2(ii) a Test time t, ms or s or min or h or d.
The corrosion rate measuring method preferably adopts a computer to process, calculate, display, store and inquire the real-time corrosion rate, and draw a corrosion rate change curve according to the test time and the corresponding real-time corrosion rate.
The corrosion rate measuring method can be preferably used for laboratory or field tests, the test piece can be a metal test piece with different shapes or qualities, and the laboratory or field tests can comprise the step of introducing test gas into the measuring device.
The principle and effect of the embodiment 2 are as follows:
the slide rheostat 1 is combined in a corrosion rate measuring device, the metal mass of a test piece is gradually changed in the corrosion process of the test piece, the position of a metal plate 3 after the spring 6 is compressed under the action of gravity is changed, the resistor 12 connected into the series circuit 9 after sliding is changed, the current of the series circuit 9 is changed, the change of the resistor 12 is calculated according to the change data of the current, the change distance of the slide rheostat 1 is equal to the deformation quantity of the spring 6, the change of the mass of the test piece is calculated, the corresponding real-time corrosion rate under the test time is calculated, the real-time corrosion rate can be obtained through calculation, and a corrosion rate change curve graph can be drawn according to the test time and the corresponding real-time corrosion rate by combining with computer display, storage and inquiry.
In conclusion, the defects of data dispersion, low experimental efficiency and large workload caused by discontinuous weighing in the existing process are overcome, the whole corrosion process of the test piece can be visually displayed in real time, the automatic and whole-process visual measurement is realized for the laboratory measurement environment, even the field test environment in a non-ideal state with long measurement time, the possibility of more accurately observing the corrosion rule of the test piece is provided, the corrosion rate measurement convenience and accuracy are improved, and the method can be used for detecting the corrosion resistance of materials, evaluating corrosion inhibitors, detecting the corrosion resistance effect when the process conditions are changed, and the like.
The above-listed detailed description is only a specific description of a possible embodiment of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115419629A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-12-02 | 上海积塔半导体有限公司 | Test cylinder, semiconductor equipment and method for monitoring running speed of piston of test cylinder |
| CN115419629B (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2024-06-11 | 上海积塔半导体有限公司 | Test cylinder, semiconductor device and method for monitoring running speed of piston of semiconductor device |
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| CN114199748B (en) | 2024-11-01 |
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