CN114196511A

CN114196511A - A kind of sequencing batch domestic waste anaerobic dry fermentation device and method

Info

Publication number: CN114196511A
Application number: CN202110460614.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 于佳动; 赵立欣; 冯晶; 刘新鑫; 衣蕊; 梁依
Original assignee: Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering MARA
Current assignee: Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering MARA
Priority date: 2021-04-27
Filing date: 2021-04-27
Publication date: 2022-03-18

Abstract

The invention discloses a sequencing batch type domestic garbage anaerobic dry fermentation device and a sequencing batch type domestic garbage anaerobic dry fermentation method, wherein the device comprises a plurality of reaction units and a percolate tank; the reaction unit comprises a liquid inlet pipe, a percolate collecting pipe and at least one reactor which is arranged in parallel, a spray header is arranged above the inner part of the reactor and is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe, the bottom of the reactor is communicated with the percolate collecting pipe, the end parts of the liquid inlet pipe and the percolate collecting pipe are respectively provided with a pipeline joint for communicating each reaction unit, and the percolate collecting pipe is connected with a percolate tank. The invention is provided with a plurality of reactors, and the number of the reactors can be expanded according to the daily quantity of the domestic garbage, each time one group of reactors is started, a plurality of groups of reactors are started at intervals, and each group of reactors independently complete the anaerobic dry fermentation process, so that the domestic garbage can be treated as soon as possible after being collected, the influence on the environment is small, and the adaptability to the treatment of the domestic garbage with different daily yields is stronger because the number of the reactors can be expanded.

Description

Sequencing batch type domestic garbage anaerobic dry fermentation device and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection equipment, in particular to a sequencing batch type domestic garbage anaerobic dry fermentation device and a sequencing batch type domestic garbage anaerobic dry fermentation method.

Background

Along with the development of economy in China, the living standard of farmers is improved day by day, the generation amount of rural garbage is increased rapidly, and the generation amount of rural household garbage in China is as high as 1.4 hundred million tons in 2014. Taking northwest region as an example, kitchen waste (FW) and Paper Waste (PW) account for about 70% of the absolute proportion of rural domestic waste.

At present, the widely adopted rural domestic garbage treatment modes in China are landfill, composting, incineration and the like, and the landfill method is the main mode of rural garbage treatment in China. The conventional landfill mainly adopts an anaerobic mode, and in the stabilization process of a landfill site, leachate and landfill gas are directly discharged into the environment due to the fact that no effective pollution prevention and treatment measures are basically taken, so that the health of the rural ecological environment and the safety of drinking water are seriously threatened. Composting is the most common way for rural life to treat perishable organic waste, and can be divided into aerobic composting and anaerobic composting according to the aerobic state. Anaerobic composting generates less energy per unit mass of organic matter to degrade than aerobic composting and anaerobic composting is generally prone to odor. The incineration treatment is a chemical process of deep oxidation, the treatment method has high technical requirements and high operation cost, but because the heat value is not enough, a combustion improver needs to be added, and the combustion process can generate dioxin to seriously pollute the environment.

Although the traditional disposal methods such as incineration, landfill and the like can temporarily solve the disposal problem of the garbage, the generated harmful gas, garbage percolate and the like can cause secondary pollution to the environment; the anaerobic dry fermentation technology firstly reduces the rural garbage and then converts the rural garbage into clean energy such as methane, biogas manure and the like, and finally achieves the dual purposes of scientific disposal and energy recovery.

However, the conventional anaerobic dry fermentation equipment needs to collect and store domestic garbage and then perform centralized treatment, so that a large amount of manpower and material resources are wasted, and certain influence is generated on the surrounding environment.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a sequencing batch type domestic garbage anaerobic dry fermentation device and method, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, and are characterized in that a plurality of reactors are arranged according to the characteristic of short storage time of domestic garbage, the number of the reactors can be expanded according to the daily quantity of the domestic garbage, one group of reactors are started each time, a plurality of groups of reactors are started at intervals, and each group of reactors independently complete the whole process of anaerobic dry fermentation, so that the domestic garbage can be treated as soon as possible after being collected, and the influence on the environment is small.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a sequencing batch type domestic garbage anaerobic dry fermentation device which comprises a plurality of reaction units and a percolate tank, wherein the reaction units are arranged in the sequencing batch type domestic garbage anaerobic dry fermentation device; the reaction unit comprises a liquid inlet pipe, a percolate collecting pipe and at least one reactor which is arranged in parallel, a spray header is arranged above the inner part of the reactor and is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe, the bottom of the reactor is communicated with the percolate collecting pipe, the end parts of the liquid inlet pipe and the percolate collecting pipe are respectively provided with a pipeline joint for communicating each reaction unit, and the percolate collecting pipe is connected with the percolate tank.

Preferably, the bottom of the percolate tank is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe, and a liquid inlet pump is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the percolate tank and the liquid inlet pipe.

Preferably, a percolation net plate for supporting the domestic garbage is arranged in the reactor at intervals from the bottom.

Preferably, the upper part of the reactor is provided with an openable closed feed inlet, the reactor is provided with a gas outlet above the household garbage, the gas outlet is provided with a wet gas flowmeter, and the gas outlet is connected with a biogas collecting device.

Preferably, valves are arranged on the connecting branch pipe of the reactor and the liquid inlet pipe and the connecting branch pipe of the reactor and the percolate collecting pipe.

Preferably, a heat exchange device is connected between the gas outlet and the biogas collecting device, the heat exchange device is an annular container, a connecting pipeline between the percolate tank and the liquid inlet pipe penetrates through a middle hole of the annular container and is in contact with the side wall of the annular container, and the annular container is respectively communicated with the gas outlet and the biogas collecting device.

Preferably, a liquid level sensor is arranged in the percolate tank, a high threshold and a low threshold of the liquid level in the percolate tank are preset, when the liquid level in the percolate tank reaches the high threshold, the liquid inlet pump increases the liquid inlet power, and when the liquid level in the percolate tank is lower than the low threshold, the liquid inlet pump decreases the liquid inlet power.

Preferably, the reactor is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, and a heat insulation layer is arranged on the wall of the reactor.

The invention also aims to provide a sequencing batch type domestic garbage anaerobic dry fermentation method, which comprises the following steps,

1) determining the number of reactors in each group, the starting time interval of the reactors in each group and the number of the groups of the reactors according to the daily household garbage amount to obtain the total number of the reactors and connecting the reactors with each reaction unit through pipeline joints;

2) filling domestic garbage into a group of reactors, and keeping a spray header of the group of reactors open and the reactors communicated with a percolate tank;

3) starting the reactors of the other groups at intervals according to the starting time interval of each group of reactors determined in the step 1), repeating the operation in the step 2), and carrying out sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation.

Preferably, the percolate in the percolate tank in the step 2) flows back to the spray header of the reactor through a liquid inlet pump, and is sprayed to the household garbage through the spray header.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:

1. according to the characteristic that the storage time of the household garbage is short, a plurality of reactors are arranged, the number of the reactors can be expanded according to the daily quantity of the household garbage, one group of reactors are started each time, a plurality of groups of reactors are started at intervals, and each group of reactors independently complete the whole process of anaerobic dry fermentation, so that the household garbage can be treated as soon as possible after being collected, the influence on the environment is small, and the adaptability to the treatment of the household garbage with different daily output is stronger because the number of the reactors can be expanded.

2. The leachate is collected in the leachate tank firstly and then flows back to the spray head to be sprayed onto the surface of the household garbage, and the accumulated temperature is reduced to a certain extent along with the time in the collecting process of the leachate, so that the temperature of the leachate sprayed onto the surface of the household garbage is lower.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.

FIG. 1 is an overall schematic view of an anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus with a heat exchange apparatus;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a heat exchange apparatus;

wherein, 1, a reaction unit; 2. a percolate tank; 3. a liquid inlet pipe; 4. a percolate collecting pipe; 5. a reactor; 6. a shower head; 7. a pipe joint; 8. a liquid inlet pump; 9. percolating the screen plate; 10. a feed inlet; 11. an air outlet; 12. a biogas collection device; 13. a valve; 14. a heat exchange device; 15. a liquid level sensor; 16. a heat exchange air inlet; 17. a heat exchange exhaust port; 18. a middle hole.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention aims to provide a sequencing batch type domestic garbage anaerobic dry fermentation device and method, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, wherein a plurality of reactors are arranged according to the characteristic of short storage time of domestic garbage, the number of the reactors can be expanded according to the daily quantity of the domestic garbage, one group of reactors are started each time, a plurality of groups of reactors are started at intervals, and each group of reactors independently complete the whole process of anaerobic dry fermentation, so that the domestic garbage can be treated as soon as possible after being collected, and the influence on the environment is small.

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.

Please refer to fig. 1-3.

Example one

The embodiment provides a sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device for domestic garbage, which comprises a plurality of reaction units 1 and a percolate tank 2; each reaction unit 1 comprises a liquid inlet pipe 3, a percolate collecting pipe 4 and at least one reactor 5 which are arranged in parallel, wherein the reactor 5 is arranged in a closed manner, can be an integral closed container or a split closed container which comprises a box body and a box cover and is connected between the box body and the box cover in a closed manner; a spray header 6 is arranged above the inside of the reactor 5, preferably, the spraying range of the spray header 6 covers the inner diameter of the reactor 5, the spray header 6 is communicated with a liquid inlet pipe 3, the bottom of the reactor 5 is communicated with a percolate collecting pipe 4, the end parts of the liquid inlet pipe 3 and the percolate collecting pipe 4 are respectively provided with a pipeline joint 7, the liquid inlet pipe 3 and the percolate collecting pipe 4 of each reaction unit 1 are respectively communicated through the pipeline joints 7 to form an integral device, the pipeline joint 7 is preferably a quick joint so as to be convenient for connection among the reaction units 1, and simultaneously, the non-connecting end of the liquid inlet pipe 3 and the percolate collecting pipe 4 can be sealed by adopting a plug; the percolate collecting pipe 4 is connected with the percolate tank 2, and as the percolate collecting pipes 4 in each reaction unit 1 are communicated with each other, the percolate collecting pipe 4 is only connected with the percolate tank 2 through one pipeline, so that the material is saved; according to the characteristic that the storage time of the household garbage is short, the plurality of reactors 5 are arranged, the number of the reactors 5 can be expanded according to the daily quantity of the household garbage, one group of reactors 5 is started every time, the plurality of groups of reactors 5 are started at intervals, and the whole process of anaerobic dry fermentation is independently completed by each group of reactors 5, so that the household garbage can be treated as soon as possible after being collected, the influence on the environment is small, and the adaptability to the treatment of the household garbage with different daily output is stronger because the number of the reactors 5 can be expanded.

Furthermore, the liquid inlet pipes 3 of the reaction units 1 are communicated with each other through pipe joints 7 to form a passage, the bottom of the percolation liquid tank 2 is connected with the communicated liquid inlet pipe 3, a liquid inlet pump 8 is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the percolation liquid tank 2 and the liquid inlet pipe 3, the liquid inlet pump 8 is preferably a peristaltic pump, the percolation liquid collected in the percolation liquid tank 2 flows back to the spray header 6 through the liquid inlet pump 8, and the percolation liquid is sprayed to the surface of the household garbage through the spray header 6 so as to accelerate the fermentation reaction of the household garbage by using microorganisms in the percolation liquid.

As a preferred embodiment, a percolation net plate 9 is further arranged in the reactor 5 at a position close to the bottom, the strength of the percolation net plate 9 is required to be capable of supporting the domestic garbage arranged on the percolation net plate 9, the size of the meshes of the percolation net plate 9 is determined according to the domestic garbage and the size of generated biogas residues, the percolation net plate 9 and the bottom of the reactor 5 are arranged at intervals, and a certain space is reserved for filtering the percolation liquid, so that the percolation liquid can be better filtered and collected.

Specifically, an openable closed feed inlet 10 is arranged at the upper part of the reactor 5, the size of the feed inlet 10 is required to be enough for putting the household garbage into the reactor 5, and in the reaction stage, the feed inlet 10 is in a closed state, the feed inlet 10 can be arranged at the top of the reactor 5 or on the side wall of the reactor 5, and the feed inlet 10 is only arranged at the upper part of the reactor 5 to avoid the household garbage from overflowing from the feed inlet 10; an air outlet 11 is arranged above the household garbage on the reactor 5, biogas generated by the reaction of the household garbage flows out from the air outlet 11, a wet gas flowmeter is arranged at the air outlet 11, the air outlet 11 is connected with a biogas collecting device 12, and the connection between the air outlet 11 and the wet gas flowmeter and the connection between the air outlet 11 and the biogas collecting device 12 are required to be kept in a closed state, so that the influence of biogas leakage on the surrounding environment is prevented.

The connecting branch pipes of the reactor 5 and the liquid inlet pipe 3 and the connecting branch pipes of the reactor 5 and the percolate collecting pipe 4 are provided with valves 13, when domestic garbage reacts in the reactor 5, the corresponding valves 13 are opened, and when the reactor 5 is not started, the corresponding valves 13 are closed, so that the influence on the reaction in other reactors 5 is avoided.

In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2-3, a heat exchange device 14 is connected between the gas outlet 11 and the biogas collection device 12, the heat exchange device 14 is an annular container, the annular container is provided with a heat exchange gas inlet 16 and a heat exchange gas outlet 17, the gas outlet 11 of the reactor 5 in each reaction unit 1 is connected with a gas outlet pipeline, the gas outlet pipelines of the reaction units 1 are connected into a whole through a pipeline joint 7, the gas outlet pipeline is connected with the heat exchange gas inlet 16 of the annular container, and the heat exchange gas outlet 17 is connected with the biogas collection device 12, so that biogas generated by the reaction in the reactor 5 is discharged from the gas outlet 11 and enters a cavity of the annular container, and then flows into the biogas collection device 12 for collection; the connecting pipeline between the percolate tank 2 and the liquid inlet pipe 3 passes through the middle hole 18 of the annular container and is contacted with the side wall of the annular container; because filtration liquid needs at first to collect in filtration fluid reservoir 2, then flow back to shower head 6 and spray to the domestic waste surface, in the collection process of filtration liquid, the accumulation temperature along with time must have certain decline, consequently, the filtration liquid temperature of spraying to the domestic waste surface is lower, through set up a heat transfer device 14 on the connecting tube between filtration fluid reservoir 2 and feed liquor pipe 3 in this embodiment, through the marsh gas of just discharging and the filtration liquid heat transfer that flows through this department, it will percolate the heating up through marsh gas surplus temperature, thereby make the filtration liquid of spraying to the domestic waste surface have higher primary temperature, thereby avoid because spraying filtration liquid and exert an influence to fermentation ambient temperature, and then guarantee the reaction rate of fermentation.

Further, a liquid level sensor 15 is arranged in the percolation liquid tank 2, a high-level threshold value and a low-level threshold value of the liquid level in the percolation liquid tank 2 are preset, when the liquid level in the percolation liquid tank 2 reaches the high-level threshold value, the liquid inlet power is increased by the liquid inlet pump 8, when the liquid level in the percolation liquid tank 2 is lower than the low-level threshold value, the liquid inlet power is reduced by the liquid inlet pump 8, the liquid level sensor 15 and the liquid inlet pump 8 work together, the situation that percolation liquid in the percolation liquid tank 2 overflows or no percolation liquid can flow back is avoided, and therefore stable operation of the whole fermentation process is guaranteed; meanwhile, as the starting time of the device is prolonged, after the reactor 5 carries out a plurality of reaction cycles, the percolate in the percolate tank 2 is increased inevitably, and at the moment, the percolate can be collected in other modes, so that the initial liquid level height is kept in the percolate tank 2.

In this embodiment, the reactor 5 is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, and the wall of the reactor 5 is provided with a thermal insulation layer to ensure the reaction temperature in the reactor 5.

Example two

The embodiment provides a sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation method for domestic garbage, which applies the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device for domestic garbage in the first embodiment and comprises the following steps,

1) determining the number of reactors 5 in each group, the starting time interval of the reactors 5 in each group and the number of the reactors 5 in each group according to the daily domestic garbage amount to obtain the total number of the reactors 5, and connecting the reactors 5 with each reaction unit 1 through a pipeline joint 7; assuming that one reactor 5 is arranged in each group, starting one group of reactors 5 every three days, assuming that the reaction period is twenty days, arranging at least seven reactors 5, and connecting the reaction units 1 through pipeline joints 7 after determining the number of the reactors 5;

2) filling domestic garbage into a group of reactors 5 through a feed inlet 10, and keeping a spray header 6 of the group of reactors 5 open and the communication between the reactors 5 and a percolate tank 2;

3) starting the reactors 5 of the other groups at intervals according to the starting time interval of each group of reactors 5 determined in the step 1), and repeating the operation in the step 2); if the domestic garbage is filled into the second group of reactors 5 on the fourth day after the first group of reactors 5 are reacted, then the domestic garbage is filled into the third group of reactors 5 on the seventh day, and the rest reactors 5 are started according to the rule to carry out the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation; after the twenty-day reaction period is finished, the first group, the second group and the like of reactors 5 can be used for reaction in sequence.

Further, the percolate in the percolate tank 2 in the step 2) flows back to the spray header 6 of the reactor 5 through the liquid inlet pump 8, and is sprayed to the household garbage through the spray header 6.

The adaptation according to the actual needs is within the scope of the invention.

The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims

1. a sequence batch type domestic waste anaerobic dry fermentation device is characterized in that: comprise several reaction units and leachate tank; Described reaction unit comprises liquid inlet pipe, leachate collection pipe and at least one reactor that is arranged in parallel , a spray head is arranged above the inside of the reactor, the spray head is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe, the bottom of the reactor is communicated with the leachate collection pipe, the liquid inlet pipe and the leachate The ends of the collection pipes are all provided with pipe joints for communicating the reaction units, and the leachate collection pipes are connected to the leachate tank.

2. A sequencing batch type domestic waste anaerobic dry fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom of the leachate tank is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe, and the leachate tank is connected to the inlet pipe. A liquid inlet pump is arranged on the connecting pipeline of the liquid pipe.

3 . The sequencing batch type domestic waste anaerobic dry fermentation device according to claim 2 , characterized in that: a percolation screen plate for supporting domestic waste is arranged at intervals between the reactor and the bottom. 4 .

4. A sequencing batch type domestic waste anaerobic dry fermentation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the upper part of the reactor is provided with an openable closed feed port, and the reactor is located on the An air outlet is arranged above the domestic garbage, a wet gas flow meter is arranged at the air outlet, and the air outlet is connected with the biogas collection device.

5. A sequencing batch type domestic waste anaerobic dry fermentation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: the connecting branch pipe between the reactor and the liquid inlet pipe and the collection of the reactor and the leachate The connecting branch pipes of the pipes are all provided with valves.

6 . A sequencing batch type domestic waste anaerobic dry fermentation device according to claim 4 , wherein a heat exchange device is connected between the gas outlet and the biogas collection device, and the heat exchange device is: 7 . An annular container, the connecting pipe between the leachate tank and the liquid inlet pipe passes through the middle hole of the annular container and is in contact with the side wall of the annular container, and the annular container is respectively connected to the The gas outlet communicates with the biogas collection device.

7 . The sequencing batch type domestic waste anaerobic dry fermentation device according to claim 2 , wherein a liquid level sensor is arranged in the leachate tank, and a high threshold of liquid level in the leachate tank is preset. 8 . and low threshold, when the liquid level in the leachate tank reaches the high threshold, the liquid feed pump increases the liquid feeding power, and when the liquid level in the leachate tank is lower than the low threshold, the The feed pump reduces the feed power.

8. A sequencing batch type domestic waste anaerobic dry fermentation device according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the reactor is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, and the vessel wall of the reactor is provided with Insulation.

9. A sequencing batch type domestic waste anaerobic dry fermentation method applied to the sequencing batch type domestic waste anaerobic dry fermentation device according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: comprising the following steps:

1), determine the number of each group of reactors, the start-up time interval of each group of the reactors and the number of groups of the reactors according to the amount of daily household garbage, obtain the total number of the reactors and connect each group by pipe joints. reaction unit;

2) filling a group of described reactors with household garbage, and keeping the spray heads of the group of described reactors open and the communication between the reactor and the leachate tank;

3) According to the start-up time interval of each group of the reactors determined in step 1), the reactors of the remaining groups are started at intervals, and the operation in step 2) is repeated to perform sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation.

10. a kind of sequencing batch type domestic waste anaerobic dry fermentation method according to claim 9 is characterized in that: in step 2), the leachate in the leachate tank is backflowed to the described reactor of the reactor by a liquid feed pump. A sprinkler head is used, and the leachate is sprayed to the domestic garbage through the sprinkler head.