CN114182254A - A kind of coating with super bonding strength and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of coating with super bonding strength and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114182254A CN114182254A CN202111484466.XA CN202111484466A CN114182254A CN 114182254 A CN114182254 A CN 114182254A CN 202111484466 A CN202111484466 A CN 202111484466A CN 114182254 A CN114182254 A CN 114182254A
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003592 biomimetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CVRPVRHBAOPDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethyl 1,3-dioxo-2-benzofuran-5-carboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C.CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 CVRPVRHBAOPDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 241001506766 Xanthium Species 0.000 claims 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H7/00—Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
- B23K26/355—Texturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a coating with super-bonding strength and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of providing a substrate with a surface to be subjected to laser directional energy deposition, processing a bionic microstructure on the surface to be subjected to laser directional energy deposition, wherein the bionic microstructure can be obtained by manufacturing methods such as laser processing, 3D printing and electric spark processing, the processed bionic microstructure can be a wedge-shaped structure, a concave arc structure, a sawtooth-shaped structure, a honeycomb-shaped structure and the like, a laser directional energy deposition coating is prepared on the surface of the processed bionic microstructure by utilizing a laser directional energy deposition technology, and a deposition material can be iron-based alloy, nickel-based composite powder and the like. According to the invention, the bionic microstructure is firstly processed on the surface of the substrate, and then the coating is prepared on the surface of the bionic microstructure by utilizing the laser directional energy deposition technology, so that the high-performance coating with high metallurgical bonding strength, high hardness and good toughness can be prepared at low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of surface strengthening, in particular to a super-bonding strength coating and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of science and technology, the wear, fatigue damage, corrosion and the like of key parts such as blades, gears, shafts and the like of high-end equipment of aeroengines, full-face tunnellers, large gas turbines and the like under severe working condition environments become problems which need to be solved urgently, and huge economic loss and resource waste are caused at the same time. The strengthening of the surface performance of the parts is one of the important ways to improve the service life of the parts. Laser directed energy deposition is one of the advanced techniques to achieve high performance coatings. The obtained alloy has high hardness, high strength, good toughness and good metallurgical bonding interface quality and is important for realizing the surface strengthening of parts. The improvement of the strength means that the toughness is sacrificed, and radial cracks and delamination are easy to occur on the high-hardness coating due to the performance difference with the matrix, so that the stability of the coating in the service process is reduced, and the application of the laser directional energy deposition coating on the surface strengthening of parts is limited. These drawbacks can be alleviated by designing methods to optimize the coating material composition, performing gradient coating design, heat treatment, etc., which, however, introduce new problems, such as: elastoplasticity, increased strengthening costs, increased complexity of the manufacturing process, etc. Based on bionics, the bionic microstructure is processed on the surface of the substrate by processing methods such as laser processing, 3D printing and electric spark, so that the metallurgical bonding strength between the coating and the substrate is improved. The laser directional energy deposition coating is prepared on the microstructure, the metallurgical bonding area of the coating and the substrate is increased, the rules of the soft hardness substrate and the high hardness coating alternately appear, the bonding strength of the coating is improved, the crack sensitivity is reduced, and meanwhile, a certain degree of interlocking structure is formed on the bonding interface of the soft substrate and the hard coating. Therefore, the method can obtain the coating with good metallurgical bonding quality, high hardness and good toughness on the surface of the key part of the high-end equipment, and improve the working stability and the service life of the key part of the high-end equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the prior art, the strength can be improved but the toughness is sacrificed, and the high-hardness coating is easy to generate radial cracks and delamination due to the performance difference with a matrix, so that the stability of the coating in the service process is reduced, and the application of the laser directional energy deposition coating on the surface strengthening of parts is limited; although these drawbacks can be alleviated by designing and optimizing the composition of the coating material, performing gradient coating design, heat treatment, etc., new problems are introduced, such as: elastic-plastic property, increased strengthening cost, increased complexity of the manufacturing process and the like, and provides a coating with super-bonding strength and a preparation method thereof. The method is mainly based on biobionics, and is used for processing the bionic microstructure on the surface of the substrate by processing methods such as laser processing, 3D printing, electric spark and the like so as to improve the metallurgical bonding strength between the coating and the substrate. The laser directional energy deposition coating is prepared on the microstructure, the metallurgical bonding area of the coating and the substrate is increased, the rules of the soft hardness substrate and the high hardness coating alternately appear, the bonding strength of the coating is improved, the crack sensitivity is reduced, and meanwhile, a certain degree of interlocking structure is formed on the bonding interface of the soft substrate and the hard coating. Therefore, the method can obtain the coating with good metallurgical bonding quality, high hardness and good toughness on the surface of the key part of the high-end equipment, and improve the working stability and the service life of the key part of the high-end equipment.
The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
a preparation method of a super-bonding strength coating comprises the following steps:
s1, providing a metal matrix;
s2, designing the profile characteristics of the bionic microstructure, and preparing the bionic microstructure on the surface of the metal substrate by a processing technology;
s4, performing laser directional energy deposition experiments of different depths of the bionic microstructure on the metal substrate, and optimizing to obtain the optimal depth of the bionic microstructure;
s5, selecting laser deposition powder superior to the surface performance of the metal matrix according to the provided metal matrix material, and optimizing the laser directional energy deposition process parameters of the deposition powder;
and S5, depositing laser deposition powder on the surface of the bionic microstructure by using a laser directional energy deposition technology according to the laser directional energy deposition process parameters to obtain the laser directional energy deposition coating.
Further, in step S2, the biomimetic microstructure includes: bionic microstructures such as a xanthium-imitated wedge-shaped structure, a sunflower-imitated concave arc structure, a honey-imitated honeycomb structure or an inverted pyramid-imitated structure.
Further, in step S2, the biomimetic microstructure is processed by at least one of the following processing techniques: manufacturing methods such as laser processing, 3D printing or electrical discharge machining techniques;
after the bionic microstructure is prepared on the surface of the metal substrate, the surface of the bionic microstructure is treated to remove residual scraps.
Further, in the step S3, the depth of the bionic microstructure is in the order of micrometers, and the included angle between the edge of the bionic microstructure and the plane of the metal substrate is not considered;
the distance between adjacent units of the bionic microstructure is greater than the maximum distance between the micro-unit structures;
the depth of the bionic microstructure is selected according to the principle that the laser directional energy deposition coating and the matrix form good metallurgical bonding, no air holes and cracks exist, and the internal tissues are uniformly distributed.
Further, in step S4, the laser depositing the powder includes: iron-based alloy, nickel-based alloy or heterogeneous element reinforced nickel-based composite powder;
the laser deposition powder is placed in a drying oven for constant-temperature drying before use, the parent powder of the deposition composite powder is nickel-based alloy or iron-based alloy, and the optimal weight ratio of reinforcing heterogeneous elements contained in the deposition composite powder is determined through experiments.
Further, the composite powder comprises at least one of the following materials: ceramic/(nickel-based, iron-based) composite materials, hard particle/(nickel-based, iron-based) composite materials or rare earth element/(nickel-based, iron-based) composite materials.
Further, in the step S5, in the laser directional energy deposition technique, a laser emitter of the laser directional energy deposition system selected for deposition on the surface of the bionic microstructure is a continuous laser, and a powder feeding system of the laser directional energy deposition system is a coaxial powder feeding system; and carrying out preheating treatment on the substrate before carrying out microstructure surface deposition.
Further, in step S5, the coating is directly deposited on the bionic microstructure of the metal substrate.
The invention also provides a super-bonding strength coating which is obtained according to the preparation method of the super-bonding strength coating and consists of three areas:
on the substrate, a first area is a heat affected zone on the substrate, wherein the material of the first area is a substrate material;
on the substrate, a second area is a bionic microstructure and a laser directional energy deposition coating on the substrate, wherein the material of the second area is a substrate material and a deposition composite material;
and on the substrate, the third area is a laser directional energy deposition coating prepared on the metal substrate, wherein the material of the third area is a deposition composite material.
Furthermore, the second area is a structured layer for improving the bonding strength of the coating and the substrate, and the structured layer comprises a soft substrate metal area and a hard coating area, so that the transition of the soft substrate and the hard coating is realized, and the defect sensitivity of the bonding area is reduced;
the third area is a laser deposition composite coating which is a key layer for improving the mechanical property of the surface of the substrate, wherein the laser deposition composite coating comprises at least one of the following composite materials: ceramic/nickel-based composite materials, hard particle/(nickel-based, iron-based) composite materials or rare earth element/(nickel-based, iron-based) composite materials.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the super-bonding-strength coating and the preparation method thereof, provided by the invention, based on bionics, the bionic microstructure processing is carried out on the surface of the substrate by processing methods such as laser processing, 3D printing and electric spark, so that the metallurgical bonding strength between the coating and the substrate is improved. The laser directional energy deposition coating is prepared on the microstructure, the metallurgical bonding area of the coating and the substrate is increased, the rules of the soft hardness substrate and the high hardness coating alternately appear, the bonding strength of the coating is improved, the crack sensitivity is reduced, and meanwhile, a certain degree of interlocking structure is formed on the bonding interface of the soft substrate and the hard coating. Therefore, the method can obtain the coating with good metallurgical bonding quality, high hardness and good toughness on the surface of the key part of the high-end equipment, and improve the working stability and the service life of the key part of the high-end equipment.
2. According to the coating with the super-bonding strength and the preparation method thereof, provided by the invention, the substrate with the surface to be subjected to laser directional energy deposition is provided, the surface to be subjected to laser directional energy deposition of the substrate is processed with a bionic microstructure, the bionic microstructure can be obtained by laser processing, 3D printing, electric spark processing and other manufacturing methods, the processed bionic microstructure can be a wedge-shaped structure, a concave arc structure, a sawtooth-shaped structure, a honeycomb-shaped structure and the like, so that the laser directional energy deposition coating is prepared on the surface of the processed bionic microstructure by utilizing a laser directional energy deposition technology, and the deposition material can be iron-based alloy, nickel-based composite powder and the like. According to the invention, the bionic microstructure is firstly processed on the surface of the substrate, and then the coating is prepared on the surface of the bionic microstructure by utilizing the laser directional energy deposition technology, so that the high-performance coating with high metallurgical bonding strength, high hardness and good toughness can be prepared at low cost.
In conclusion, the technical scheme of the invention can solve the problems that the prior art can improve the strength but sacrifice the toughness, radial cracks and delamination are easy to occur on a high-hardness coating due to the performance difference with a matrix, the stability of the coating in the service process is reduced, and the application of the laser directional energy deposition coating on the surface strengthening of parts is limited; although these drawbacks can be alleviated by designing and optimizing the composition of the coating material, performing gradient coating design, heat treatment, etc., new problems are introduced, such as: elastoplasticity, increased strengthening costs, increased complexity of the manufacturing process, and the like.
For the reasons, the invention can be widely popularized in the fields of part surface strengthening and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a metal matrix with a micro-wedge structure having a xanthium structure according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a base metal with a sunflower-shaped micro-pit structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a base metal having a micro-hexagonal structure of a honeycomb structure according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the laser deposition coating prepared on the surface of the wedge-shaped microstructure according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a laser deposited coating on the surface of a circular pit microstructure according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the present invention for preparing a laser deposited coating on the surface of a regular hexagonal microstructure.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. Any specific values in all examples shown and discussed herein are to be construed as exemplary only and not as limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
As shown in the figure, the invention provides a preparation method of a coating with super bonding strength, which is a manufacturing method for improving the bonding strength of the coating and a substrate, and the method comprises the following steps:
-providing a metal substrate;
-designing a biomimetic microstructure profile feature, the biomimetic microstructure comprising: bionic microstructures such as a xanthium-imitated wedge-shaped structure, a sunflower-imitated concave arc structure, a honey-imitated honeycomb structure, an inverted pyramid-imitated structure and the like;
-selecting laser deposited powder having properties superior to the surface properties of the substrate in terms of providing said metal substrate material, said laser deposited powder comprising: iron-based alloy, nickel-based alloy or heterogeneous element reinforced nickel-based composite powder, and optimizing laser deposition process parameters of the deposited powder;
carrying out laser directional energy deposition experiments of different depths of the designed bionic microstructure on the substrate by utilizing the laser directional energy deposition process parameters, and optimally obtaining the depth of the microstructure;
-preparing a biomimetic microstructure on the surface of the substrate, wherein the microstructure can be processed by at least one of the following techniques: the manufacturing methods of laser processing, 3D printing, electric spark processing and the like are used for preparing the coating on the surface of the microstructure by utilizing a laser directional energy deposition technology.
As a preferred embodiment, the microstructure depth of the design is in the order of microns and the edge angle to the plane of the substrate is not taken into account.
As a preferred embodiment, wherein the composite powder comprises at least one of the following materials: ceramic/(nickel-based, iron-based) composite materials, hard particle/(nickel-based, iron-based) composite materials, and rare earth element/(nickel-based, iron-based) composite materials.
As a preferred embodiment, after the bionic microstructure is prepared on the surface of the metal substrate, the surface of the microstructure is treated to remove residual scraps.
As a preferred embodiment, wherein the depth of the microstructure is selected based on the formation of a good metallurgical bond of the laser directed energy deposition coating with the substrate, absence of pores and cracks, and uniform internal tissue distribution.
In a preferred embodiment, the distance between adjacent units of the microstructure is greater than the maximum distance between the structures of the microcells.
As a preferred embodiment, the deposition powder is dried in a drying oven at constant temperature before use, the precursor powder of the deposition composite powder is a nickel-based alloy or an iron-based alloy, and the optimal weight ratio of the reinforcing heterogeneous elements contained in the deposition composite powder is determined through experiments.
In a preferred embodiment, the laser emitter of the laser directed energy deposition system for depositing the selected laser deposition system on the surface of the microstructure is a continuous laser, and the powder feeding system in the laser directed energy deposition system is a coaxial powder feeding system; and before the deposition of the surface of the bionic microstructure, the substrate needs to be preheated.
As a preferred embodiment, wherein the coating is deposited directly on the biomimetic microstructure of the metallic substrate.
The invention also provides a super-bonding strength coating prepared by the preparation method of the super-bonding strength coating, namely the prepared laser directional energy deposition coating, wherein the coating prepared on the substrate comprises three regions:
-wherein the first region on said substrate is a heat affected zone on the substrate, wherein said first region material is a substrate material;
-a second region on said substrate is a biomimetic microstructure on the substrate and said laser directed energy deposition coating, wherein said second region is a substrate material and said deposition composite material;
-forming a third area of said laser directed energy deposited coating on said substrate as a base metal, wherein said third area is formed of said deposited composite material.
In a preferred embodiment, the second region is a structured layer for improving the bonding strength of the coating and the substrate, and the second region comprises a soft substrate metal region and a hard coating region, so that the transition of the soft substrate and the hard coating is realized, and the defect occurrence sensitivity of the bonding region is reduced;
as a preferred embodiment, wherein the third area is a laser deposited composite coating, which is a key layer for improving the mechanical properties of the surface of the substrate, wherein the laser deposited composite coating comprises at least one of the following composite materials: ceramic/nickel-based composite materials, hard particle/(nickel-based and iron-based) composite materials and rare earth element/(nickel-based and iron-based) composite materials.
As shown in fig. 1-3, a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a base metal with a micro wedge structure having a xanthium structure, a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a base metal with a micro round pit structure having a sunflower structure, and a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a base metal with a micro hexagon structure having a honeycomb structure, which are prepared by the method of the present invention, are shown. As shown in fig. 4-6, a schematic diagram of preparing a laser deposition coating on the surface of a wedge-shaped microstructure, a schematic diagram of preparing a laser deposition coating on the surface of a circular pit microstructure, and a schematic diagram of preparing a laser deposition coating on the surface of a regular hexagon microstructure are shown respectively.
Example 1
A manufacturing method for improving the bonding strength of a coating and a substrate is used for preparing the coating which is good in metallurgical bonding quality with the substrate and has excellent mechanical properties on the surface of a shaft, and specifically comprises the following steps:
a. providing a cylindrical substrate (45# steel);
b. clamping the shaft on a workbench, and processing a bionic microstructure on the surface of the shaft by using pulse laser by adopting a laser processing manufacturing method;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the bionic microstructure on the surface of the shaft is obtained by experiments, the stepping motor controls the rotation of the shaft, the relative position between the surface to be processed of the shaft and a laser spot focusing point is adjusted according to the optimal working distance of pulse laser in the experiment process, and the movement of the stepping motor and the laser is respectively controlled according to the designed bionic microstructure;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the rotary motion of the shaft is only controlled in the shaft processing process, the workbench for controlling the rotary motion of the shaft is arranged on the pulse laser processing platform, the radial processing of the surface of the shaft is realized by controlling the lifting of the z shaft of the pulse laser processing platform in the shaft processing process, and the bionic microstructure processing of the surface of the shaft is realized by controlling the pulse laser processing platform to move along the axial direction of the shaft and matching with the rotary motion of the shaft;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the bionic microstructure at least comprises one of the following: bionic microstructures such as a xanthium-imitated wedge-shaped structure, a sunflower-imitated concave arc structure, a honey-imitated honeycomb structure, an inverted pyramid-imitated structure and the like; designing laser directional energy deposition experiments with different bionic microstructure depths on the substrate, and optimizing to determine the optimal depth of the microstructure;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: wherein the depth of the designed bionic microstructure is in micrometer order of magnitude, the included angle between the edge of the bionic microstructure and the plane of the substrate is not considered, and the microstructure is a centrosymmetric pattern;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the depth of the bionic microstructure is determined according to experiments, and the distance between adjacent units of the bionic microstructure is greater than the maximum distance of the microcell structure;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the bionic microstructure depth is selected according to the principle that the deposited coating and the substrate form good metallurgical bonding, no air holes and cracks exist, and the internal structure is uniformly distributed;
c. after the bionic microstructure is prepared on the surface of the shaft, treating the surface of the bionic microstructure to remove residual scraps in the bionic microstructure and a metamorphic layer on the processed surface;
d. selecting a laser deposited powder having a property superior to the surface property of the shaft, the laser deposited powder comprising: optimizing the technological parameters of laser directional energy deposition of the deposited powder by using an iron-based alloy, a nickel-based alloy or a heterogeneous element reinforced nickel-based composite material;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: wherein the composite powder comprises at least one of the following materials: ceramic/(nickel-based, iron-based) composite materials, hard particle/(nickel-based, iron-based) composite materials, rare earth element/(nickel-based, iron-based) composite materials;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: wherein the laser deposition powder is dried in a drying oven at constant temperature before use to remove moisture in the coating, the matrix powder of the laser deposition composite powder is nickel-based alloy, and the weight ratio of reinforcing heterogeneous elements contained in the laser deposition composite powder is determined according to experiments;
e. the shaft (the surface of which is processed with the bionic microstructure) is controlled by a stepping motor to rotate, and is clamped on a working platform of a laser deposition system to complete the preparation work of a laser deposition experiment;
f. depositing the laser deposition composite powder on the surface of the microstructure by utilizing a laser oriented energy deposition technology;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the laser emitter of the laser deposition system selected by the laser directed energy deposition technology on the surface of the bionic microstructure is a continuous laser, the powder feeding system in the laser directed energy deposition system is a coaxial powder feeding system, a laser head is controlled by a six-degree-of-freedom Cuka robot to realize processing movement, and a substrate needs to be preheated before the surface of the microstructure is deposited;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: in the experimental process, the distance between the surface of the shaft and the nozzle of the deposition head is the optimal distance for laser processing;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: in the experimental process, a shaft is controlled to rotate by a stepping motor, a laser head is controlled to linearly move by a Kuka robot, the actual deposition track is spiral motion on the surface of the shaft, and the spiral distance is the optimal lap joint distance;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: wherein the laser deposited coating is deposited directly on the microstructure of the shaft;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: when the surface deposition of the wedge-shaped microstructure is carried out on the surface of the shaft, the laser head rotates by a microstructure inclination angle to ensure better metallurgical bonding between the coating and the surface of the microstructure.
The laser-oriented energy deposition coating prepared by the method comprises three areas:
-on said shaft thereof a first region is a heat affected zone on a shaft substrate, wherein said first region material is a shaft material,
-a second region on said axis is the on-axis biomimetic microstructure and said laser deposited coating, wherein said second region material is the rod material and said laser deposited composite material,
-providing said laser deposited coating on said substrate with a third area on the axis, wherein said third area is of said laser deposited composite material.
Wherein the second region is a structured layer for improving the bonding strength of the coating and the shaft, and the second layer comprises a shaft surface material and a coating material, so that the transition between the shaft (soft matrix) and the hard coating is realized, and the defect occurrence sensitivity of the bonding region is reduced;
the laser-directed energy deposition coating, wherein the third area is a laser deposition composite coating which is a key layer for improving the mechanical property of the shaft surface, wherein the laser deposition composite coating is prepared from at least one of the following materials: ceramic/nickel-based composite materials, hard particle/(nickel-based and iron-based) composite materials and rare earth element/(nickel-based and iron-based) composite materials.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
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