CN114181001A

CN114181001A - Passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device and use method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114181001A
Application number: CN202111597477.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 美英; 陈琳啸; 白峰喜; 郝勇; 刘玉琦; 李江; 许俊雅; 杜娟
Original assignee: Inner Mongolia University of Technology
Current assignee: Inner Mongolia University of Technology
Priority date: 2021-12-24
Filing date: 2021-12-24
Publication date: 2022-03-15
Anticipated expiration: 2041-12-24
Also published as: CN114181001B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of organic solid waste disposal and resource utilization, in particular to a passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device and a using method thereof. The invention can solve the problems of long composting time, large odor discharge amount and high energy consumption of the traditional reactor.

Description

Passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device and use method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of organic solid waste disposal and resource utilization, in particular to a passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device and a using method thereof.

Background

In recent years, the demand of people for livestock and poultry products is increasing, and on the other hand, the pollution caused by the livestock and poultry manure is generated. The method can be divided into three types according to the method for treating the excrement, namely a strip-stack type aerobic composting process, a groove type aerobic composting process, a reactor type aerobic composting process and the like, wherein the reactor composting has the advantages of heat preservation, energy conservation, no influence of climate, easy control of odor of a closed system, short fermentation period, small occupied area, low civil engineering investment and the like, and is suitable for individual farmers for treating the excrement on site.

The principle of aerobic composting is a biochemical process for degrading organic matters by the action of obligate and facultative aerobic bacteria, organic materials to be composted and fillers are mixed according to a certain proportion, and microorganisms are propagated and the organic matters are degraded under the conditions of proper moisture and ventilation, so that high temperature is generated, pathogenic bacteria and weed seeds in the organic matters are killed, and the organic matters are stabilized. In the aerobic composting process, soluble small molecular organic substances in the organic waste permeate cell walls and cell membranes of microorganisms to be absorbed and utilized by the microorganisms. The insoluble macromolecular organic matter is attached to the outside of the microbe, and the extracellular enzyme secreted by the microbe is decomposed into soluble small molecular matter, which is then introduced into the cell for use by the microbe. By the vital activity of the microorganisms, a part of the absorbed organic matter is oxidized into simple inorganic matter and provides the energy required for the activity, while another part of the organic matter is converted into new cellular material for the proliferation of the microorganisms.

The application of the microbial composite inoculum in the aerobic fermentation of the livestock and poultry manure, the composite inoculum consisting of the microorganisms has obvious promotion effect on compost. The beneficial microorganisms in the fermentation system at the initial stage of composting are fewer in number and are dominant in the system by a large number of anaerobic bacteria discharged along with excrement, so that the temperature of the composting is slowly increased and stink is generated. In this way, the beneficial microorganisms are added, so that the temperature rise speed of the compost can be increased, the purpose of quick decomposition is achieved, and the effect of deodorization can be achieved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device and a using method thereof, which are used for solving the problems and solving the problems of long composting time, large odor discharge amount and high energy consumption of the traditional reactor.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:

the utility model provides a passive ventilation formula aerobic composting reactor device, includes the reactor main part, the inside hollow structure that is of reactor main part, microorganism complex microbial inoculum filler opening has been seted up at reactor main part top, reactor main part top intercommunication has tail gas treatment component, reactor main part bottom is equipped with the bleed structure, pan feeding mouth has been seted up on reactor main part lateral wall upper portion, reactor main part lateral wall is equipped with temperature sensor, temperature sensor part stretches into inside the reactor main part, reactor main part lateral wall lower part has been seted up the discharge gate, the discharge gate is located bleed structure top, the inside stirring subassembly that is equipped with of reactor main part.

Preferably, the bleed structure includes fixed connection and is in reactor main part inner wall lower part's thin net, reactor main part lateral wall bottom intercommunication has a plurality of bleed pipes, the bleed pipe is kept away from the one end and the external world intercommunication of reactor main part, thin net is located the discharge gate below.

Preferably, the tail gas treatment assembly comprises a gas washing tank, the inlet end of the gas washing tank is communicated with the top of the reactor main body, the outlet end of the gas washing tank is communicated with the inlet end of the gas washing bottle, the outlet end of the gas washing bottle is arranged at the top of the gas washing bottle, and the inlet end of the gas washing bottle is arranged in the middle of the side wall of the gas washing bottle.

Preferably, the gas washing tank is filled with activated carbon, and the gas washing tank is filled with water.

Preferably, the stirring subassembly includes the screw rod agitator, the pivot of screw rod agitator passes the bleed structure with the bottom surface and the transmission of reactor main part are connected with the drive division, drive division electric connection has solar panel.

Preferably, the shell of the reactor main body is of a hollow structure, the shell of the reactor main body is filled with a heat insulation layer, and the shell of the reactor main body is made of an anti-corrosion material.

A use method of a passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device is based on the technical scheme, and comprises the following steps:

pretreating compost raw materials, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the water content of animal wastes and straws;

adding materials, namely adding the prepared animal wastes and straws into the reactor main body through the feeding port;

adding microorganisms, namely spraying the microbial compound inoculum above the material through the filling opening of the microbial compound inoculum;

stirring materials, starting the stirring assembly, and stirring the materials in the reactor main body;

and controlling the temperature and stirring, and adjusting the pile turning frequency of the stirring assembly according to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor.

Preferably, the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the pretreatment step of the composting raw material is 25: 1-30: 1, and the water content is 55-60%.

Preferably, in the temperature-controlled stirring step, the temperature of the material is raised to be higher than 50 ℃ within 1 to 3 days, and the material is kept for 5 to 10 days;

if the temperature is higher than 65 ℃ in the process, starting the stirring assembly to stir the material;

and after stirring, if the temperature is lower than 50 ℃, reducing the pile turning frequency, and turning the pile once every 2 to 3 days until the temperature rises to be higher than 50 ℃.

The invention has the following technical effects:

according to the aerobic composting reactor, through the arrangement of the solar power supply board, the air guide pipe, the microbial compound inoculant filling port and other structures, the electric energy consumed in the composting process can be saved, the microbial compound inoculant added into the microbial compound inoculant filling port can achieve the effects of deodorization and rapid decomposition, the tail gas treatment component at the air outlet end can achieve odorless discharge of tail gas, the air guide pipe at the lower end of the reactor can provide air for materials, the electric energy consumption is reduced, the energy-saving and environment-friendly effects are achieved in the whole composting process, the feces are treated to be harmless, the composting reactor is simple in structure and low in cost, and excessive manual operation is not needed.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an aerobic composting reactor of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall side structure of an aerobic composting reactor according to the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an overall plan view of an aerobic composting reactor according to the invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an aerobic composting reactor tail gas treatment assembly of the present invention.

Wherein, 1, a reactor main body; 2. a filling port of the microbial compound inoculant; 3. a bleed pipe; 4. a screw agitator; 5. a discharge port; 6. a feeding port; 7. a temperature measuring port; 8. fixing a bracket; 9. fine meshes; 10. a heat-insulating layer; 11. a solar panel; 12. an air outlet; 13. a speed reducer; 14. a temperature sensor; 15. a scrubber tank; 16. and (5) a gas washing bottle.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.

Referring to fig. 1-4, the invention discloses a passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device, which comprises a reactor main body 1, wherein the interior of the reactor main body 1 is of a hollow structure, a microbial compound inoculant filling opening 2 is formed in the top of the reactor main body 1, a tail gas treatment assembly is communicated with the top of the reactor main body 1, an air entraining structure is arranged at the bottom of the reactor main body 1, a feeding opening 6 is formed in the upper part of the side wall of the reactor main body 1, a temperature sensor 14 is arranged on the side wall of the reactor main body 1, part of the temperature sensor 14 extends into the reactor main body 1, a discharging opening 5 is formed in the lower part of the side wall of the reactor main body 1, the discharging opening 5 is positioned above the air entraining structure, and a stirring assembly is arranged in the reactor main body 1.

Temperature measurement port 7 has been seted up to reactor main part 1 lateral wall, and temperature sensor 14 inserts to reactor main part 1 inside through temperature sensor 14, and the setting of microorganism complex microbial inoculum filler port 2 can be at any time throw microorganism complex microbial inoculum to the material in the reactor during the compost to reach the quick rotten effect of material, deodorant. The temperature sensor 14 is a PT100 temperature sensor, and is used for monitoring the change of the material temperature in the composting process in real time and judging the stage in the composting process.

Further optimize the scheme, the bleed structure includes thin net 9 of fixed connection in 1 inner wall lower part of reactor main part, and 1 lateral wall bottom intercommunication of reactor main part has a plurality of bleed pipes 3, and the one end and the external world intercommunication of reactor main part 1 are kept away from to bleed pipe 3, and thin net 9 is located discharge gate 5 below. The number of the air guide pipes 3 is eight, and the air guide pipes 3 are used for achieving the air quantity required by the decomposition of the materials and enabling the materials to be subjected to aerobic composting.

The air-entraining pipe 3 can provide the required air quantity for the composting materials so as to achieve the air quantity required by microbial fermentation in the composting process and accelerate the composting process. The purpose of the fine grid 9 is to make the material aerated more uniformly, avoid producing the effect of local anaerobism, produce the foul smell.

Further optimize the scheme, the tail gas processing assembly comprises a scrubbing tank 15 with an inlet end communicated with the top of the reactor main body 1, the outlet end of the scrubbing tank 15 is communicated with the inlet end of a scrubbing bottle 16, the outlet end of the scrubbing bottle 16 is arranged at the top of the scrubbing bottle 16, and the inlet end of the scrubbing bottle 16 is arranged in the middle of the side wall of the scrubbing bottle 16.

The top of the reactor main body 1 is provided with an air outlet 12, the inlet end of the air washing tank 15 is communicated with the air outlet 12, and the air outlet 12 discharges redundant gas generated in the composting process to the outside of the reactor to prevent the reactor from exploding.

In a further optimized scheme, activated carbon is filled in the gas washing tank 15, and water is filled in the gas washing tank 16. The gas washing tank 15 and the gas washing tank 16 are used for further treatment of the odor discharged by the reactor, so that odorless discharge is achieved.

Further optimize the scheme, the stirring subassembly includes screw rod agitator 4, and the pivot of screw rod agitator 4 passes bleed structure and reactor main part 1's bottom surface and transmission and is connected with the drive division, and drive division electric connection has solar panel 11. The bottom of fine net 9 and reactor main part 1 is passed in the pivot of screw agitator 4, and the drive division includes the motor, motor and solar panel 11 electric connection, and the output shaft coupling of motor has reduction gear 13, and the output shaft of reduction gear 13 and the pivot coupling of screw agitator 4.

Solar panel 11 connects the motor, provides the electric energy for the motor, and reduction gear 13 connects screw rod agitator 4, provides kinetic energy for screw rod agitator 4, can save the manual work and still play high-efficient ripe effect of rotting to practice thrift the power consumption, reduce use cost.

According to the further optimization scheme, the shell of the reactor main body 1 is of a hollow structure, the shell of the reactor main body 1 is filled with the heat-insulating layer 10, and the shell of the reactor main body 1 is made of an anti-corrosion material. The shell of the reactor main body 1 is made of anti-corrosion 304 stainless steel, so that the service life of the reactor is prolonged. The heat-insulating layer 10 is made of polyurethane, so that a good heat-insulating effect can be achieved, and the materials can be rapidly heated to reach the rotten stage.

The top of the reactor main body 1 is shaped like a cone with a bottom angle of 45 degrees, water vapor is generated in the material composting process, the water vapor rises to meet the top of the conical cover and is condensed into small liquid drops, and then the small liquid drops flow back to the material through the inclined angle, so that the nitrogen loss is reduced, and the quality of the composting finished product is improved.

The outer fixed surface of the reactor main body 1 is fixedly connected with the fixed support 8, the fixed support 8 and the cement base are fixedly connected to play a role in fixing the reactor, and the reactor can be lifted to the ground, so that the effect of reducing heat loss is achieved.

A use method of a passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device is based on the passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device and comprises the following steps:

pretreating compost raw materials, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the water content of animal wastes and straws; in the embodiment, cow dung and corn straws are preferably proportioned.

Adding materials, namely adding the prepared cow dung and the corn straws into the reactor main body 1 through a feeding port 6;

adding microorganisms, and spraying the microbial compound inoculum above the material through a microbial compound inoculum filling port 2;

stirring the materials, starting the stirring assembly, and stirring the materials in the reactor main body 1;

controlling the temperature and stirring, and adjusting the pile turning frequency of the stirring assembly according to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 14.

Further optimizing the scheme, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the pretreatment step of the composting raw materials is 25: 1-30: 1, the water content is 55-60%.

Further optimizing the scheme, in the step of stirring under controlled temperature, the temperature of the materials is raised to be more than 50 ℃ within 1 to 3 days, and the materials are kept for 5 to 10 days;

The specific operation process of the invention is as follows:

the method comprises the steps of pretreating compost raw materials before composting begins, firstly adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of cow dung to 25-30/1, then adjusting the water content to 55-60%, adding materials into a reactor main body 1 from a feeding port 6, spraying the prepared microbial compound inoculant above the materials from a microbial compound inoculant filling port 2, starting a motor by using a solar panel 11 after pretreatment, driving a screw stirrer 4 to turn the compost materials by using the motor, observing the temperature of the materials in the reactor main body 1 in real time through a temperature sensor 14 in the composting process, judging the rotten stage of the materials, and taking out compost finished products from a discharging port 5 until the composting is finished.

The working principle is as follows: the passive ventilation is to diffuse the outside air into the reactor main body 1 by using the difference in oxygen concentration, the difference in temperature, and the action of wind inside and outside the reactor main body 1. When the bleed air pipe 3 sucks in outside air, it is possible to introduce the outside air into the bottom of the material and to aerate the material uniformly through the fine mesh 9, the amount of air required for the material having been reached.

The working principle of the tail gas treatment assembly is as follows: the tail gas treatment component is composed of a gas washing tank 15 filled with activated carbon and a gas washing tank 16 filled with water, and absorbs malodorous gases such as ammonia gas and hydrogen sulfide.

According to the temperature change, the temperature of the materials can be raised to more than 50 ℃ within 1-3 days, the materials are kept at the high temperature for 5-10 days, if the temperature is higher than 65 ℃, the screw stirrer 4 needs to be started immediately to stir the materials, the phenomenon that the microorganism is dead due to overhigh temperature and the composting effect is influenced is avoided, if the temperature of the pile body is lower than 50 ℃, the pile turning frequency can be reduced, and the pile turning is carried out once every 2-3 days until the temperature is raised to more than 50 ℃. The composting period is expected to be shortened by half compared with the period of the common traditional strip-stack type composting by using the device of the invention, and the odor is obviously reduced.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device, characterized in that it comprises a reactor main body (1), the interior of the reactor main body (1) is a hollow structure, and the top of the reactor main body (1) is provided with The microbial compound bacterial agent filling port (2), the top of the reactor main body (1) is connected with a tail gas treatment component, the bottom of the reactor main body (1) is provided with an air bleed structure, and the side wall of the reactor main body (1) The upper part is provided with a feeding port (6), the side wall of the reactor main body (1) is provided with a temperature sensor (14), and the temperature sensor (14) partially extends into the inside of the reactor main body (1). The lower part of the side wall of the reactor main body (1) is provided with a discharge port (5), the discharge port (5) is located above the air-entraining structure, and a stirring component is arranged inside the reactor main body (1).

2. A passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the air bleed structure comprises a fine mesh (9) fixedly connected to the lower part of the inner wall of the reactor main body (1). ), the bottom of the side wall of the reactor main body (1) is communicated with a number of air intake pipes (3), and the end of the air intake pipe (3) away from the reactor main body (1) is communicated with the outside world, and the fine mesh ( 9) is located below the discharge port (5).

3. A passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust gas treatment assembly comprises a gas scrubbing tank (15) whose inlet end communicates with the top of the reactor main body (1). ), the outlet end of the gas cleaning tank (15) is communicated with the inlet end of the gas cleaning bottle (16), and the outlet end of the gas cleaning bottle (16) is opened on the top of the gas cleaning bottle (16). The inlet end of the gas cleaning bottle (16) is opened in the middle of the side wall of the gas cleaning bottle (16).

4. A passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device according to claim 3, characterized in that, the gas scrubbing tank (15) is filled with activated carbon, and the gas scrubbing bottle (16) is filled with water .

5. A passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the stirring assembly comprises a screw agitator (4), and the rotating shaft of the screw agitator (4) passes through the The air-entraining structure and the bottom surface of the reactor main body (1) are connected with a driving part in a driving manner, and the driving part is electrically connected with a solar panel (11).

6 . The passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device according to claim 1 , wherein the outer shell of the reactor main body ( 1 ) is a hollow structure, and the outer shell of the reactor main body ( 1 ) has a hollow structure. 7 . Filled with a thermal insulation layer (10), the outer shell of the reactor main body (1) is made of anti-corrosion material.

7. A method of using a passively ventilated aerobic composting reactor device, wherein the method is based on the passively ventilated aerobic composting reactor device according to any one of claims 1-6, comprising the following steps:

Pretreatment of composting raw materials, preparation of carbon-nitrogen ratio and moisture content of animal manure and straw;

Adding materials, adding the prepared animal manure and straw into the reactor main body (1) through the feeding port (6);

Microorganisms are added, and the microbial composite inoculants are sprayed on the top of the material through the microbial composite inoculant filler port (2);

Stir the material, start the stirring component, and stir the material in the reactor main body (1);

The temperature-controlled stirring is performed, and the turning frequency of the stirring assembly is adjusted according to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor (14).

8 . The method for using a passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device according to claim 7 , wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the composting raw material pretreatment step is 25:1-30:1, so the The moisture content is 55-60%.

9 . The method for using a passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device according to claim 7 , wherein in the temperature-controlling and stirring step, the temperature of the material rises to above 50° C. within 1-3 days, and the temperature of the material is kept above 50° C. 5-10 days;

During the process, if the temperature is higher than 65°C, start the stirring component to stir the material;

After stirring, if the temperature is lower than 50°C, reduce the frequency of turning the heap, and turn the heap every 2-3 days until the temperature rises above 50°C.