CN114173272A - A method for automatic calibration of the microphone sensitivity of a sound monitoring device for power equipment - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for automatically calibrating the sensitivity of a microphone of a sound monitoring device of electrical equipment, which comprises the following steps: connecting the acoustic calibrator with the microphone; selecting the working frequency of the acoustic calibrator and the target sound pressure level Leq(ii) a According to a default sensitivity S0Calculating to obtain a first calculated sound pressure level Leq0(ii) a If the first calculated sound pressure level Leq0Equal to or lower than the target sound pressure level LeqAnd a target sound pressure level LeqAnd a first calculated sound pressure level Leq0If the difference value of the voltage signal is within the set threshold value, calibration is not needed, otherwise, the effective value of the voltage signal output by the microphone is used as the new sensitivity S of the microphone1(ii) a Using the new sensitivity S1Calculating to obtain a second calculated sound pressure level Leq1(ii) a If the second calculated sound pressure level Leq1Equal to or lower than the target sound pressure level LeqAnd a target sound pressure level LeqAnd a second calculated sound pressure level Leq1If the difference value is within the set threshold value, the calibration is considered to be successful; the invention solves the problems of the existing power equipmentThe calibration work of the microphone of the sound monitoring device needs to be completed manually by a user.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an automatic calibration method for the sensitivity of a microphone of a sound monitoring device of electrical equipment, belonging to the technical field of noise detection of the electrical equipment.
Background
The sound monitoring device is a main product for realizing the quantitative detection of the operating sound of the power equipment, and mainly comprises a microphone, a signal conditioning module, an AD acquisition module, a main controller, a display and the like; the electric power equipment operation sound is transmitted to the microphone through air, the microphone converts air pressure change into analog electric signals, the analog electric signals are processed by the signal conditioning module and the AD acquisition module and then converted into digital sound signals, and the main controller calculates the digital sound signals to obtain sound pressure levels; the power equipment operation sound measurement result is directly related to the sensitivity parameter of the microphone; therefore, the microphone sensitivity parameter automatic calibration has important significance for the quantitative detection of the running sound of the electrical equipment.
The microphone used for monitoring the running sound of the power equipment is generally an electret capacitor microphone, an electret diaphragm and a rear pole plate of the microphone form a capacitor, and an air medium is arranged between the electret diaphragm and the rear pole plate; because the environmental conditions such as air temperature, humidity and the like are changed frequently, the capacitance between the microphone diaphragm and the rear polar plate is changed, the output voltage value of the microphone is further influenced, and the accuracy of sound measurement of the electrical equipment is difficult to guarantee if the sensitivity parameters of the microphone are not calibrated; at present, the calibration work of a microphone of a sound monitoring device of electrical equipment is mainly completed by instrument users, the users need to manually adjust sensitivity parameter values, the technical requirements on the users are high, and the calibration time is long.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an automatic calibration method for the sensitivity of a microphone of a sound monitoring device of electrical equipment, and aims to solve the problem that the calibration work of the microphone of the sound monitoring device of the electrical equipment needs to be completed manually by users.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: a method for automatically calibrating the sensitivity of a microphone of a sound monitoring device of electrical equipment comprises the following steps:
1) connecting the sound calibrator with a microphone of a sound monitoring device of the electrical equipment;
2) setting a power equipment sound monitoring device in a calibration state;
3) selecting the working frequency of the acoustic calibrator and the target sound pressure level LeqAnd the acoustic calibrator is in a working state;
4) collecting voltage signal output by microphone, calculating effective value of voltage signal output by microphone, and obtaining sensitivity S0Calculating to obtain a first calculated sound pressure level Leq0；
5) Determining a first calculated sound pressure level Leq0Whether equal to or below the target sound pressure level Leq(ii) a If the first calculated sound pressure level Leq0Equal to or lower than the target sound pressure level LeqAnd a target sound pressure level LeqAnd a first calculated sound pressure level Leq0If the difference value of the voltage signal is within the set threshold value, the microphone does not need to be calibrated, otherwise, the effective value of the voltage signal output by the microphone is used as the new sensitivity S of the microphone1；
6) The power equipment sound monitoring device exits the calibration state, enters the normal working state and utilizes the new sensitivity S1Calculating to obtain a second calculated sound pressure level Leq1；
7) If the second calculated sound pressure level Leq1Equal to or lower than the target sound pressure level LeqAnd a target sound pressure level LeqAnd a second calculated sound pressure level Leq1If the difference value of the difference value is within the set threshold value, the calibration is considered to be successful, otherwise, the execution step is jumpedStep 3) and the subsequent steps until the calibration is successful.
Further, the calculation process of the effective value of the voltage signal output by the microphone in the step 4) includes the following steps:
analog voltage signals output by the microphone within a period of time need to be converted into digital quantity through an AD acquisition module, and the digital quantity is calculated according to a formula (1) to obtain an effective value of the voltage signals output by the microphone:
in the formula: v is the effective value of the voltage signal output by the microphone; n is the number of digital voltages generated after analog voltage signals in a period of time are converted by the AD acquisition module; viIs the ith digital voltage value.
Further, the first calculated sound pressure level L in the step 4) iseq0The calculation process comprises the following steps: assuming that the effective value of the collected voltage signal output by the microphone is V, the effective value p of the collected sound signal at the moment0＝V/S0A first calculated sound pressure level L is calculated by the formula (2)eq0：
Leq0＝20lg(p0)+94＝20lg(V/S0)+94 (2)；
In the formula: p is a radical of0The effective value of the sound signal collected when the microphone is calibrated; v is an effective value of a voltage signal output by the microphone when the microphone is calibrated; s0Is the default sensitivity of the microphone.
Further, in the step 5), the effective value of the voltage signal output by the microphone is used as the new sensitivity S of the microphone1More specifically, the effective value of the voltage signal output by the microphone is used as the new sensitivity S of the microphone1The sensitivity value of (2).
Further, the second calculated sound pressure level L in the step 6)eq1The calculation process comprises the following steps: assuming the effective value V of the voltage signal output by the microphone, the sound collected at the momentSignificant value p of tone signal1＝V/S1A second calculated sound pressure level L is calculated by the formula (3)eq1：
Leq1＝20lg(p1)+94＝20lg(V/S1)+94 (3)；
In the formula: v is an effective value of a voltage signal output by the microphone when the microphone is calibrated; s1Is the new sensitivity of the microphone.
Furthermore, the microphone is an electret condenser microphone; the set threshold is 0.2db (a).
Further, the working frequency of the sound calibrator is 1kHz, and the effective sound pressure value of the emitted sound signal is 1 Pa.
Further, the target sound pressure level LeqIs 94.0dB (A).
Further, the acoustic calibrator is an AWA6021 grade acoustic calibrator.
Furthermore, the sound monitoring device of the electrical equipment is a device for collecting voltage signals output by the microphone and performing sound pressure conversion and sound pressure level calculation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention solves the problem that the calibration work of the microphone of the sound monitoring device of the existing electrical equipment needs to be completed manually by users;
2) when the method for automatically calibrating the microphone sensitivity of the sound monitoring device of the electrical equipment is adopted, the workload of a user is less, the user only needs to connect the sound calibrator and the microphone to control the work and stop of the sound calibrator and the sound monitoring device of the electrical equipment, the sensitivity parameter of the microphone of the sound monitoring device of the electrical equipment does not need to be adjusted manually, the requirement on the technical level of the user is lower, and the whole calibration process is convenient and fast;
3) the method is suitable for automatic calibration of the sensitivity parameters of the microphone of the sound monitoring device of the electrical equipment, and can improve the measurement precision of the sound monitoring device of the electrical equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an auto-calibration method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a sound monitoring device for electrical equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
A method for automatically calibrating the sensitivity of a microphone of a sound monitoring device of electrical equipment comprises the following steps:
1) connecting the sound calibrator with a microphone of a sound monitoring device of the electrical equipment;
2) setting a power equipment sound monitoring device in a calibration state;
3) selecting the working frequency of the acoustic calibrator and the target sound pressure level LeqAnd the acoustic calibrator is in a working state;
4) collecting voltage signal output by microphone, calculating effective value of voltage signal output by microphone, and obtaining sensitivity S0Calculating to obtain a first calculated sound pressure level Leq0；
5) Determining a first calculated sound pressure level Leq0Whether equal to or below the target sound pressure level Leq(ii) a If the first calculated sound pressure level Leq0Equal to or lower than the target sound pressure level LeqAnd a target sound pressure level LeqAnd a first calculated sound pressure level Leq0If the difference value of (A) is within 0.2dB (A), the microphone does not need to be calibrated, otherwise, the effective value of the voltage signal output by the microphone is taken as the new sensitivity S of the microphone1；
6) The power equipment sound monitoring device exits the calibration state, enters the normal working state and utilizes the new sensitivity S1Calculating to obtain a second calculated sound pressure level Leq1；
7) If the second calculated sound pressure level Leq1Equal to or lower than the target sound pressure level LeqAnd a target sound pressure level LeqAnd a second calculated sound pressure level Leq1If the difference value is within 0.2dB (A), the calibration is considered to be successful, otherwise, the step 3) and the subsequent steps are executed until the calibration is successful.
The calculation process of the effective value of the voltage signal output by the microphone in the step 4) comprises the following steps: analog voltage signals output by the microphone within a period of time need to be converted into digital quantity through an AD acquisition module, and the digital quantity is calculated according to a formula (1) to obtain an effective value of the voltage signals output by the microphone:
in the formula: v is the effective value of the voltage signal output by the microphone; n is the number of digital voltages generated after analog voltage signals in a period of time are converted by the AD acquisition module; viIs the ith digital voltage value.
The first calculation of the sound pressure level L in said step 4)eq0The calculation process comprises the following steps: assuming that the effective value of the collected voltage signal output by the microphone is V, the effective value p of the collected sound signal at the moment0＝V/S0A first calculated sound pressure level L is calculated by the formula (2)eq0：
Leq0＝20lg(p0)+94＝20lg(V/S0)+94 (2)；
In the formula: p is a radical of0The effective value of the sound signal collected when the microphone is calibrated; v is an effective value of a voltage signal output by the microphone when the microphone is calibrated; s0Is the default sensitivity of the microphone.
In the step 5), the effective value of the voltage signal output by the microphone is used as the new sensitivity S of the microphone1More specifically, the effective value of the voltage signal output by the microphone is used as the new sensitivity S of the microphone1Sensitivity values of (a), such as: the effective value of the voltage signal is 50mV, and the corresponding sound signal size is 1Pa, and the sensitivity is 50 mV/Pa.
The second calculation of the sound pressure level L in said step 6)eq1The calculation process comprises the following steps: assuming that the effective value V of the voltage signal output by the microphone is collected, the effective value p of the sound signal collected at the moment1＝V/S1A second calculated sound pressure level L is calculated by the formula (3)eq1：
Leq1＝20lg(p1)+94＝20lg(V/S1)+94 (3)；
In the formula: v isThe effective value of a voltage signal output by a microphone when the microphone is calibrated; s1Is the new sensitivity of the microphone.
Optionally, the microphone is an electret capacitor microphone, and the sound monitoring device of the electrical equipment is a device for collecting a voltage signal output by the microphone and performing sound pressure conversion and sound pressure level calculation.
The working frequency of the sound calibrator in the step 3) is preferably 1kHz, the effective value of the sound pressure of the emitted sound is 1Pa, and the target sound pressure level LeqPreferably 94.0dB (A).
The acoustic calibrator is preferably an AWA6021 class 1 acoustic calibrator.
Example 1
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for automatically calibrating the microphone sensitivity of the sound monitoring device of the electrical equipment in the embodiment includes the following steps:
1) connecting the sound calibrator with a microphone of a sound monitoring device of the electrical equipment;
2) setting a power equipment sound monitoring device in a calibration state;
3) selecting the working frequency of the acoustic calibrator and the target sound pressure level LeqAnd the acoustic calibrator is in a working state;
4) collecting voltage signal output by microphone, calculating effective value of voltage signal output by microphone, and obtaining sensitivity S0Calculating to obtain a first calculated sound pressure level Leq0；
5) Determining a first calculated sound pressure level Leq0Whether equal to or below the target sound pressure level Leq(ii) a If the first calculated sound pressure level Leq0Equal to or lower than the target sound pressure level LeqAnd a target sound pressure level LeqAnd a first calculated sound pressure level Leq0If the difference value of (A) is within 0.2dB (A), the microphone does not need to be calibrated, otherwise, the effective value of the voltage signal output by the microphone is taken as the new sensitivity S of the microphone1；
6) The sound monitoring device of the power equipment exits the calibration state, enters the normal working state and utilizesNew sensitivity S1Calculating to obtain a second calculated sound pressure level Leq1；
7) If the second calculated sound pressure level Leq1Equal to or lower than the target sound pressure level LeqAnd a target sound pressure level LeqAnd a second calculated sound pressure level Leq1If the difference value is within 0.2dB (A), the calibration is considered to be successful, otherwise, the step 3) and the subsequent steps are executed until the calibration is successful.
In this embodiment, the microphone is an electret condenser microphone, the sound monitoring device of the electrical equipment is a device that collects a voltage signal output by the microphone and performs sound pressure conversion and sound pressure level calculation, the working frequency of the sound calibrator in step 3) is 1kHz, the effective sound pressure value of the emitted sound is 1Pa, and the target sound pressure level L is a target sound pressure level LeqIs 94.0dB (A).
In this embodiment, the default sensitivity S of the microphone of the sound monitoring device of the electrical equipment045 mV/Pa; empirically, the nominal sensitivity of an actual electret condenser microphone is 50mV/Pa, so the actual sensitivity is assumed to be 50 mV/Pa; according to the sound pressure level calculation formula, the first calculated sound pressure level L at this timeeq094+20log10(50/45) ═ 94.9db (a); first calculated sound pressure level Leq0Beyond target sound pressure level Leq0.2dB (A) range; at this time, the effective value of the AC voltage signal output by the microphone is collected and calculated, and the effective value is used as the new sensitivity S of the microphone of the sound monitoring device of the electrical equipment1(ii) a Using the new sensitivity S1Calculating a second calculated sound pressure level Leq194+20log10(50/50) ═ 94.0dB (A), a second calculated sound pressure level Leq1And target sound pressure level LeqAnd when the microphone is successfully calibrated, the calibration process is finished.
As shown in fig. 2, the sound monitoring device for the power equipment includes a microphone, a signal conditioning module, an AD acquisition module, a microprocessor module, and a display module; the microphone is used for sensing a sound signal and converting the sound signal into an analog voltage signal; the signal conditioning module is used for providing a constant current source for the microphone; the AD acquisition module is used for converting the analog voltage signal output by the microphone into a digital voltage signal, so that analysis and calculation are facilitated; the microprocessor module reads the digital voltage signal output by the AD acquisition module and operates the automatic calibration method for the sensitivity of the microphone of the sound monitoring device of the power equipment in the embodiment; the display module is used for displaying the sound pressure level measurement and the automatic calibration result.
When the method for automatically calibrating the microphone sensitivity of the power equipment sound monitoring device is adopted, a user only needs to connect the sound calibrator and the microphone to control the work and stop of the sound calibrator and the power equipment sound monitoring device, the calculation and calibration process of the sensitivity parameters is automatically completed by the power equipment sound monitoring device, the calibration workload is low, the user is not required to have professional technical knowledge related to acoustics, and the method has the advantages of convenience and quickness in calibration.
Claims (10)
1. A method for automatically calibrating the sensitivity of a microphone of a sound monitoring device of electrical equipment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) connecting the sound calibrator with a microphone of a sound monitoring device of the electrical equipment;
2) setting a power equipment sound monitoring device in a calibration state;
3) selecting the working frequency of the acoustic calibrator and the target sound pressure level LeqAnd the acoustic calibrator is in a working state;
4) collecting voltage signal output by microphone, calculating effective value of voltage signal output by microphone, and obtaining sensitivity S0Calculating to obtain a first calculated sound pressure level Leq0；
5) Determining a first calculated sound pressure level Leq0Whether equal to or below the target sound pressure level Leq(ii) a If the first calculated sound pressure level Leq0Equal to or lower than the target sound pressure level LeqAnd a target sound pressure level LeqAnd a first calculated sound pressure level Leq0If the difference value of the voltage signal is within the set threshold value, the microphone does not need to be calibrated, otherwise, the effective value of the voltage signal output by the microphone is used as the new sensitivity S of the microphone1；
6) The power equipment sound monitoring device exits the calibration state, enters the normal working state and utilizes the new sensitivity S1Calculating to obtain a second calculated sound pressure level Leq1；
7) If the second calculated sound pressure level Leq1Equal to or lower than the target sound pressure level LeqAnd a target sound pressure level LeqAnd a second calculated sound pressure level Leq1If the difference value is within the set threshold value, the calibration is considered to be successful, otherwise, the step 3) and the subsequent steps are executed until the calibration is successful.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 4) of calculating the effective value of the voltage signal output by the microphone comprises the following steps:
analog voltage signals output by the microphone within a period of time need to be converted into digital quantity through an AD acquisition module, and the digital quantity is calculated according to a formula (1) to obtain an effective value of the voltage signals output by the microphone:
in the formula: v is the effective value of the voltage signal output by the microphone; n is the number of digital voltages generated after analog voltage signals in a period of time are converted by the AD acquisition module; viIs the ith digital voltage value.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first calculated sound pressure level L in the step 4) is a first calculated sound pressure level Leq0The calculation process comprises the following steps: assuming that the effective value of the collected voltage signal output by the microphone is V, the effective value p of the collected sound signal at the moment0＝V/S0A first calculated sound pressure level L is calculated by the formula (2)eq0：
Leq0＝20lg(p0)+94＝20lg(V/S0)+94 (2)；
In the formula: p is a radical of0The effective value of the sound signal collected when the microphone is calibrated; v is the voltage output by the microphone when calibrating the microphoneA valid value of the signal; s0Is the default sensitivity of the microphone.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the effective value of the voltage signal outputted from the microphone in the step 5) is used as the new sensitivity S of the microphone1More specifically, the effective value of the voltage signal output by the microphone is used as the new sensitivity S of the microphone1The sensitivity value of (2).
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second calculated sound pressure level L in step 6) is a sound pressure level L of the microphoneeq1The calculation process comprises the following steps: assuming that the effective value V of the voltage signal output by the microphone is collected, the effective value p of the sound signal collected at the moment1＝V/S1A second calculated sound pressure level L is calculated by the formula (3)eq1：
Leq1＝20lg(p1)+94＝20lg(V/S1)+94 (3)；
In the formula: v is an effective value of a voltage signal output by the microphone when the microphone is calibrated; s1Is the new sensitivity of the microphone.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the microphone is an electret condenser microphone; the set threshold is 0.2db (a).
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the operating frequency of the sound calibrator is 1kHz, and the sound pressure of the sound signal is 1 Pa.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises automatically calibrating the sensitivity of the microphone of the sound monitoring device of the electrical equipmentIs the target sound pressure level LeqIs 94.0dB (A).
9. The method for automatically calibrating the sensitivity of the microphone of the sound monitoring device of the electrical equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sound calibrator is an AWA6021 class sound calibrator.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrical equipment sound monitoring device is a device for collecting output voltage signals of a microphone and performing sound pressure conversion and sound pressure level calculation.
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