CN114172388B - Switching power supply capable of reducing load regulation rate and achieving high-speed response and control method thereof - Google Patents
Switching power supply capable of reducing load regulation rate and achieving high-speed response and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
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- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from DC input or output
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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Abstract
The invention provides a switching power supply and a control method thereof, wherein the switching power supply reduces the load regulation rate and has high-speed response. The switching power supply comprises a switching module, an LC module, a sampling module and a feedback module; the feedback module comprises an error amplifier EA, a comparator, a timing circuit and a sawtooth generator; the output end of the sawtooth generator is connected with the reverse input end of the comparator, and the output frequency of the sawtooth generator is N times of the switching frequency of the switch module; the circuit does not need to adopt a traditional method of ripple injection, and is a switching circuit which has the advantages of quick response, low ripple output and no need of a large ESR capacitor for output.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a switching power supply, in particular to a switching power supply with reduced load regulation rate and high-speed response and a control method thereof.
Background
The existing switch power supply mainly has the control modes of voltage mode, current mode, COT and the like. When the output capacitance ESR (capacitance equivalent series resistance) is small, both voltage mode and current mode control can be realized. Under the same working frequency, COT has a faster transient response speed, and the voltage mode and current mode control transient response speeds are both slower. FIG. 1 is a diagram of a conventional COT control circuit, and FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram of the circuit during normal operation; in the circuit, when the ESR of an output capacitor is small, the COT control needs to have ripple injection to stably work; when the capacitor ESR is large, ripple injection is not needed to guarantee stable operation, but the large capacitor ESR causes large ripple of the output voltage and affects efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to enable the switching power supply to have higher response speed, low ripple output and maintain high efficiency, the invention provides the switching power supply and the control method thereof, which can reduce the load regulation rate and have high-speed response.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a switching power supply capable of reducing load regulation rate and realizing high-speed response comprises a switching module, an LC (inductance-capacitance) module, a sampling module and a feedback module which are sequentially connected; the feedback module comprises an error amplifier EA, a comparator and a timing circuit; the inverting input end of the error amplifier EA is connected with the output end of the sampling module, the non-inverting input end of the error amplifier EA is connected with the reference signal Vref, and the output end of the error amplifier EA is connected with the non-inverting input end of the comparator; the comparator outputs a voltage feedback signal fb _ comp which is connected with the input end of the timing circuit, and the timing circuit outputs a switch module control signal Driver and is connected with the control end of the switch module; it is characterized in that: also comprises a sawtooth generator; the output end of the sawtooth generator is connected with the inverting input end of the comparator, and the output frequency of the sawtooth generator is N times of the switching frequency of the switch module; the timing circuit comprises a Ton signal controller, a T signal controller, a Pon signal controller and a trigger; the input end of the Pon signal controller is connected with the output end of the comparator, the output end of the Pon signal controller is respectively connected with the input end of the Ton signal controller, one input end of the T signal controller and the setting end of the trigger, and the other input end of the T signal controller is connected with the output end of the comparator; the output end of the Ton signal controller is connected with the recovery end of the trigger; the output end of the T signal controller is connected with the feedback end of the Pon signal controller; and the output control end of the trigger is connected with the control end of the switch module.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a control method of the switching power supply for reducing the load regulation rate and realizing high-speed response, which comprises the following steps:
step one, a sampling module samples output voltage Vout and outputs a sampling signal Vfb;
step two, the error amplifier EA carries out error amplification on the sampling signal Vfb and the reference signal Vref and outputs a feedback signal omp _ out;
thirdly, the feedback signal omp _ out and the sawtooth wave generated by the sawtooth generator pass through a comparator, and a voltage feedback signal fb _ comp with the same frequency as the sawtooth wave is output; the frequency of the sawtooth wave is N times of the working frequency of the switch module;
triggering a Ton signal controller and a T signal controller by the voltage feedback signal fb _ comp to control a switch module control signal Driver; the switch module control signal Driver is the same as the working frequency of the switch module;
and fifthly, controlling the on-off of the switch module by a switch module control signal Driver, and filtering the output voltage of the switch module by the LC module to generate a stable output voltage Vout.
Further, the specific control mode of the step four is as follows:
when the output voltage Vout is reduced, the sampling voltage Vfb is lower than the reference voltage Vref, the output omp _ out of the error amplifier EA is increased, the duty ratio of the voltage feedback signal fb _ comp is increased, the period of the T signal is shortened, and the duty ratio of the switch module control signal Driver is increased; the inductance current of the LC module for supplying power to the output capacitor and the load is increased, and the voltage of Vout is gradually increased to a standard range;
when the output voltage Vout rises, the sampling voltage Vfb is higher than the reference voltage Vref, the output omp _ out of the error amplifier EA is reduced, the duty ratio of the voltage feedback signal fb _ comp is reduced, the period of the T signal is prolonged, and the duty ratio of the control signal Driver of the switch module is reduced; the inductor current that the LC module supplies to the output capacitor and the load decreases, and the Vout voltage gradually falls within the standard range as the load RL consumes the output capacitor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the traditional COT needs ripple injection and 1 Ton timing module; the circuit does not need an expensive current ripple sampling circuit to inject ripples, simultaneously, the output capacitor only needs to meet small ESR, and meanwhile, the circuit adopts a sawtooth generator, so that the normal work of a system is ensured, the response speed is high, the efficiency is high, and the circuit is easy to integrate and realize in a chip.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a conventional COT control circuit;
FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram illustrating normal operation of a conventional COT;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the fast response switching power supply of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a Ton and T signal controller according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram of Ton and T signals according to the present invention;
FIG. 6a is a waveform diagram (light load and heavy load) of the switching power supply during load switching according to the present invention;
FIG. 6b is a waveform diagram (heavy load and light load) of the switching power supply during load switching according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 illustrates a switching waveform for controlling the load of the switching power supply according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a waveform diagram illustrating the normal operation of the switching power supply of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a graph showing the variation of the load regulation rate between the present invention and the conventional COT.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principle of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
In order to enable the switching power supply system to have higher response speed and low ripple output, the invention provides a switching power supply control method and a circuit which have quick response and low ripple output and do not need a large ESR capacitor for output, in a traditional method without adopting ripple injection. The circuit only needs a capacitor with small ESR (capacitance equivalent series resistance), and an expensive current ripple sampling circuit is not needed.
As shown in fig. 3, the switching power supply with reduced load regulation rate and high-speed response provided by the present invention includes a switching module, an LC module, a sampling module and a feedback module, which are connected in sequence; the feedback module comprises an error amplifier EA, a comparator, a timing circuit and a sawtooth generator; the inverting input end of the error amplifier EA is connected with the output end of the sampling module, the non-inverting input end of the error amplifier EA is connected with the reference signal Vref, and the output end of the error amplifier EA is connected with the non-inverting input end of the comparator; the comparator outputs a voltage feedback signal fb _ comp which is connected with the input end of the timing circuit, and the timing circuit outputs a switch module control signal Driver which is connected with the control end of the switch module; the output end of the sawtooth generator is connected with the reverse input end of the comparator, and the output frequency of the sawtooth generator is N times of the switching frequency of the switch module (N is a positive real number); as shown in fig. 4, the timing circuit at least includes two or more timing signal controllers, which may specifically include a Ton signal controller, a T signal controller, a Pon signal controller, and a flip-flop; the input end of the Pon signal controller is connected with the output end of the comparator, the output end of the Pon signal controller is respectively connected with the input ends of the Ton signal controller and the T signal controller and the setting end of the trigger, and the input end of the T signal controller is simultaneously connected with the output end of the comparator; the output end of the Ton signal controller is connected with the recovery end of the trigger; the output end of the T signal controller is connected with the feedback end of the Pon signal controller; the output control end of the trigger is connected with the control end of the switch module.
The timing circuit outputs a switch module control signal Driver with the same working frequency as the switch module; the time taken by the voltage output by the Ton signal controller to reach a preset value is used as the high level time of the Driver; the T signal controller, i.e. the Driver period is estimated, and the period is adjusted according to the output voltage feedback signal fb _ comp to make the output Vout reach a stable design value.
The timing circuit at least comprises two or more timing signal controllers, two groups of signals Ton and T are respectively generated to assist in timing after an output voltage feedback signal fb _ comp enters the timing circuit, the time of Ton and T can be calculated by a first voltage feedback signal fb _ comp signal of the system, and the time used when the output voltage of the Ton signal controller reaches a preset value is used as the high level time of a Driver; the T signal controller samples the high level of the voltage feedback signal fb _ comp, and sets the generation of the T signal and restarts timing when the sampling accumulated voltage value reaches a preset value. The Ton signal is generated to end, which generates the close signal of the tube M1 in fig. 3, and Driver goes low; the T signal generation is finished, the rising edge of the voltage feedback signal fb _ comp controls the upper tube M1 to turn on, and Driver goes high.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a control method of the quick response switching power supply, which comprises the following steps:
step one, a sampling module samples output voltage Vout and outputs a sampling signal Vfb;
step two, the error amplifier EA carries out error amplification on the sampling signal Vfb and the reference signal Vref, and outputs a feedback signal omp _ out after adding a certain compensation network;
thirdly, the feedback signal omp _ out and the sawtooth wave generated by the sawtooth generator pass through a comparator, and a voltage feedback signal fb _ comp with the same frequency as the sawtooth wave is output; the frequency of the sawtooth wave is N times of the working frequency of the switch module, (N is a positive real number);
step four, the voltage feedback signal fb _ comp enters a timing circuit, a Ton signal controller and a T signal controller are triggered, and the output switch module control signal Driver is controlled and adjusted; the Ton signal controllers are completely same in timing and used for controlling the high level of the switch module control signal Driver; the T signal controller is used for timing the high level of the voltage feedback signal fb _ comp and controlling the conducting time T of the switch module control signal Driver;
the concrete control mode of the step four is as follows:
when the output voltage Vout is reduced, the sampling voltage Vfb is lower than the reference voltage Vref, the output omp _ out of the error amplifier EA is increased, the duty ratio of the voltage feedback signal fb _ comp is increased, the period of the T signal is shortened, that is, the period of the switching module control signal Driver is shortened, the low level time is shortened, and the duty ratio of the switching module control signal Driver is increased; the inductance current of the LC module for supplying power to the output capacitor and the load is increased, and the Vout voltage gradually rises to a standard range;
when the output voltage Vout rises, the sampling voltage Vfb is higher than the reference voltage Vref, the error amplifier EA output omp _ out decreases, the duty cycle of the voltage feedback signal fb _ comp decreases, the period of the T signal becomes longer, that is, the period of the switching module control signal Driver becomes longer, the low level time becomes longer, and the duty cycle of the switching module control signal Driver decreases; the inductance current of the LC module for supplying power to the output capacitor and the load is reduced, and the voltage of Vout is gradually reduced to a standard range along with the consumption of the load RL on the output capacitor;
and fifthly, controlling the on-off of the switch module by a switch module control signal Driver, and filtering the output voltage of the switch module by the LC module to generate a stable output voltage Vout.
The sawteeth generator generates a sawteeth signal which is N times larger than the switching frequency, and the larger the frequency is, the smaller the output ripple wave is; the error amplifier EA can carry out error amplification on the sampling signal Vfb and the reference signal Vref, and a certain compensation network is added, the output voltage of the error amplifier is omp _ out, and the omp _ out and the sawtooth wave generate a square wave signal fb _ comp with the same frequency as sawtooth through a comparator; the voltage feedback signal fb _ comp enters a timing circuit, and triggers a Ton signal controller and a T signal controller to time simultaneously, wherein the Ton signal is completely the same in each period, but the T signal controller only samples the high level of the voltage feedback signal fb _ comp; the high frequency square wave signal of fb _ comp is down-converted in a limited way by the timing circuit.
The working frequency of the circuit of the invention is related to the length of Ton timing, according to the formula:
Adjustment of Vout voltage: the high level of the switch module control signal Driver is timed by a Ton signal to fix the conducting time, and the T signal is changed according to the fb-comp signal; when Vout decreases (output is lower than the standard range due to some reasons), omp _ out increases, fb _ comp duty ratio increases, namely high level time increases within a period of time, T signal ends quickly, Driver duty ratio increases, and therefore after a period of time, the inductor current supplies power to the output capacitor and the load, the voltage of Vout reaches the standard range; when Vout increases (for some reason the output is above the standard range), omp _ out decreases, fb _ comp duty cycle decreases, i.e. the high time decreases for a period of time, the T signal ends up being delayed, so that over a period of time the load RL consumes the output capacitance, Vout decreases to within the standard range. The system achieves a balanced state through the cyclic feedback, and the output voltage is ensured to be within a standard range.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the waveforms of Ton and T signals, the second diagram is a diagram of the waveform of Ton signal, the voltage is continuously changed, and the time taken for timing is taken as the high level time of Driver; the third waveform is the T signal waveform, the voltage changes discontinuously, the voltage increases continuously only when fb _ comp is at high level, the voltage remains unchanged when fb _ comp is at low level, and the high level time of each Driver period is equal.
As shown in fig. 6a, when a heavy load (i.e. the load changes from 0.2A to 1.2A) is switched by a light load, the Ton signal is fixed, the period of the T signal is shortened, the inductor current rises rapidly, and Vout recovers to a steady state rapidly, thereby ensuring that the system has a faster response speed. As shown in fig. 6b, when heavy load is switched to light load (i.e. the load is changed from 1.2A to 0.2A), the Ton signal is fixed, the period of T signal is lengthened, the inductor current continuously decreases, Vout quickly returns to the steady state, and the system has a faster response speed.
As shown in fig. 7, when the load is switched to heavy load (i.e. the load changes from 0.2A to 1.2A), the Vout undershoots 88mV, and the time to reach steady state is 9.4us, so that the system has a faster response speed. When heavy load is switched to light load (namely the load is changed from 1.2A to 0.2A), the rush voltage of Vout is 88mV, and the time for reaching the steady state is 11.4us, so that the system has higher response speed.
FIG. 8 is a schematic waveform diagram of the switching power supply according to the present invention during normal operation; as shown in fig. 9, when the inductance DCR (direct current resistance) is different, the load regulation (load regulation) of the present invention and the conventional COT varies. It can be seen that: when DCR is less than or equal to 10m omega, the traditional COT has better load regulation rate; when DCR is more than 10m omega, the invention has better load regulation rate; in practical application, the inductance DCR is larger than 10m omega, so that the load regulation rate of the invention is better in practical application.
Claims (3)
1. A switching power supply capable of reducing load regulation rate and realizing high-speed response comprises a switching module, an LC module, a sampling module and a feedback module which are sequentially connected; the feedback module comprises an error amplifier EA, a comparator and a timing circuit; the inverting input end of the error amplifier EA is connected with the output end of the sampling module, the non-inverting input end of the error amplifier EA is connected with the reference voltage Vref, and the output end of the error amplifier EA is connected with the non-inverting input end of the comparator; the comparator outputs a voltage feedback signal fb _ comp which is connected with the input end of the timing circuit, and the timing circuit outputs a switch module control signal Driver and is connected with the control end of the switch module; the sampling module is used for sampling the output voltage Vout of the switch module and outputting a sampling voltage Vfb;
the method is characterized in that:
the device also comprises a sawtooth wave generator;
the output end of the sawtooth wave generator is connected with the inverting input end of the comparator, and the output frequency of the sawtooth wave generator is N times of the switching frequency of the switching module; n is more than or equal to 10 and is a positive real number;
the timing circuit comprises a Ton signal controller, a T signal controller, a Pon signal controller and a trigger; the input end of the Pon signal controller is connected with the output end of the comparator, the output end of the Pon signal controller is respectively connected with the input end of the Ton signal controller, one input end of the T signal controller and the setting end of the trigger, and the other input end of the T signal controller is connected with the output end of the comparator; the output end of the Ton signal controller is connected with the recovery end of the trigger; the output end of the T signal controller is connected with the feedback end of the Pon signal controller; the output control end of the trigger is connected with the control end of the switch module;
the Ton signal controllers have the same timing and are used for controlling the high level of the switch module control signal Driver;
the T signal controller is used for timing the high level of the voltage feedback signal fb _ comp and controlling the conducting time T of the switch module control signal Driver;
the Pon signal controller is used for triggering the Ton signal controller and the T signal controller to time according to the voltage feedback signal fb _ comp at the same time, the T signal controller samples the high level of the voltage feedback signal fb _ comp, and when the sampling accumulated voltage value reaches a preset value, the T signal controller generates a T signal and triggers the Ton signal controller and the T signal controller to restart the time through the Pon signal controller.
2. A control method of a switching power supply with reduced load regulation rate and high-speed response is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, a sampling module samples an output voltage Vout and outputs a sampling voltage Vfb;
step two, the error amplifier EA carries out error amplification on the sampling voltage Vfb and the reference voltage Vref and outputs a feedback signal omp _ out;
thirdly, the feedback signal omp _ out and the sawtooth wave generated by the sawtooth wave generator pass through a comparator, and a voltage feedback signal fb _ comp with the same frequency as the sawtooth wave is output; the frequency of the sawtooth wave is N times of the working frequency of the switch module; n is more than or equal to 10 and is a positive real number;
step four, the voltage feedback signal fb _ comp triggers a Ton signal controller and a T signal controller simultaneously, the Ton signal controller controls the high level time of the switch module control signal Driver by fixed and same timing time, and the T signal controller times the high level of the voltage feedback signal fb _ comp and is used for controlling the conducting time T of the switch module control signal Driver;
the switch module control signal Driver is the same as the working frequency of the switch module;
and fifthly, controlling the on-off of the switch module by a switch module control signal Driver, and filtering the output voltage of the switch module by the LC module to generate a stable output voltage Vout.
3. The method for controlling a switching power supply with reduced load regulation rate and high-speed response according to claim 2, wherein the specific control manner of the fourth step is as follows:
when the output voltage Vout is reduced, the sampling voltage Vfb is lower than the reference voltage Vref, the output omp _ out of the error amplifier EA is increased, the duty ratio of a voltage feedback signal fb _ comp is increased, the period of a signal T is shortened, and the duty ratio of a switch module control signal Driver is increased; the inductance current of the LC module for supplying power to the output capacitor and the load is increased, and the voltage of Vout is gradually increased to a standard range;
when the output voltage Vout rises, the sampling voltage Vfb is higher than the reference voltage Vref, the output omp _ out of the error amplifier EA is reduced, the duty ratio of the voltage feedback signal fb _ comp is reduced, the period of the T signal is prolonged, and the duty ratio of the control signal Driver of the switch module is reduced; the inductor current of the LC module for supplying power to the output capacitor and the load is reduced, and the Vout voltage gradually falls into a standard range along with the consumption of the load RL on the output capacitor.
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| JP2009148155A (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2009-07-02 | Micrel Inc | Constant on-time regulator with internal ripple generation and improved output voltage accuracy |
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| TWI400864B (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2013-07-01 | Richtek Technology Corp | Control circuit and method for reducing output ripple in constant on-time switching regulator |
| US8476882B2 (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2013-07-02 | Exar Corporation | Reference voltage based equivalent series resistance (ESR) emulation for constant on-time (COT) control of buck regulators |
| CN109004839B (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2020-02-18 | 东南大学 | A control method for improving the dynamic response of switching power supply between heavy load and light load |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009148155A (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2009-07-02 | Micrel Inc | Constant on-time regulator with internal ripple generation and improved output voltage accuracy |
| CN102035384A (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2011-04-27 | 成都芯源系统有限公司 | Switching converter circuit and power conversion method |
| CN112865530A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-05-28 | 南京理工大学 | Buck converter with quick dynamic response |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| Syed Bari 等.A New Fast Adaptive On-Time Control for Transient Response Improvement in Constant On-Time Control.《IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics》.2018,第33卷(第3期), * |
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Denomination of invention: A Switching Power Supply and Its Control Method for Reducing Load Adjustment Rate and High Speed Response Effective date of registration: 20231225 Granted publication date: 20220712 Pledgee: Xi'an innovation financing Company limited by guarantee Pledgor: SHAANXI REACTOR MICROELECTRONICS Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023980074376 |