CN114171243A - 一种风力发电用耐扭转铝合金软电缆及其制作方法 - Google Patents
一种风力发电用耐扭转铝合金软电缆及其制作方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种风力发电用耐扭转铝合金软电缆,包括绞合导体、绝缘层、护套层;绝缘层包覆着绞合导体,护套层包覆着绝缘层,绞合导体的组分包括:石墨烯纳米铝粉、Fe、Cu、Mg、Si、Be、Ca、Zn、Sr、Zr、Na、V、Cr、Mn、Ga、Ge、Nb、Ti、Ru、B、Al。本发明通过采用铝合金绞合导体、绝缘层以及护套层,保证电缆具有高强度,高延展性、耐臭氧性、耐热性和耐老化及无卤低烟阻燃等性能;制得的铝合金软电缆具有重量轻、柔软性好、容易弯曲、便于安装和维护的特点,同时降低电缆采购成本和电缆重量,具有良好的技术性和经济性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电缆领域,具体为一种风力发电用耐扭转铝合金软电缆及其制作方法。
背景技术
风能是世界上清洁能源利用中最具商业价值的能源之一,是未来可再生能源领域里重要一员。风力发电在替代传统能源的过程中,发电成本是考虑的重点。随着国家政策的转变,平价上网是风电发展的大趋势。在此前提下,如何在保证风机发电效率不变的情况下,降低度电成本是风机主机厂商所需要考虑的重要方向。
经过国外长期应用和国内几大主机厂商的验证,铝合金风电电缆已逐步获得行业认可。铝合金电缆通过增大截面可以获得和铜导体同等的载流能力,电缆的成本可以大幅降低。同时电缆重量也可以大幅降低,对电缆安装敷设提供了更多可选择方式,缩短现场施工周期和降低成本,促进了铝合金电缆在风电平价上网时代的快速发展。
风力发电系统中固定敷设的电缆大多已经采用铝合金导体代替了铜芯导体,但连接机舱和塔筒部位的抗扭转型电缆,因其在运行中因风电机组偏航不断正反向旋转,对电缆的柔软性、抗张强度、抗扭转等技术指标有较高要求,目前仍普遍采用软铜导体。该类电缆成本高,自重重,风能领域迫切需要低成本、高性能的耐扭转电缆来替代铜导体电缆。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种风力发电用耐扭转铝合金软电缆技术,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种风力发电用耐扭转铝合金软电缆,包括:绞合导体、绝缘层、护套层;所述绝缘层包覆着绞合导体,所述护套层包覆着绝缘层,所述绞合导体的组分为:石墨烯纳米铝粉:0.02%;Fe:0.005%~1.0%;Cu:0.02%~0.15%;Mg:0.001%~0.4%;Si:0.25~0.4%;Be:0.001%~0.16%;Ca:0.005%~0.15%;Zn:0.03%~0.12%;Sr:0.001%~0.08%;Zr:0.001%~0.2%;Na:0.01%~0.25%;V:0.001%~0.1%;Cr:0.001%~0.12%;Mn:0.01%~0.1%;Ga:0.005%~0.15%;Ge:0.01~0.25%;Nb:0.005%~0.25%;Ti:0.01%~0.16%;Ru:0.001~0.1%;B:0.01~1.0%;余量为Al。
其中,所述绝缘层采用辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃弹性体绝缘料。
其中,所述护套层采用辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃耐油弹性体护套料。
一种风力发电用耐扭转铝合金软电缆的制作方法,其步骤为:
步骤1、将石墨烯纳米铝粉:0.02%;Fe:0.005%~1.0%;Cu:0.02%~0.15%;Mg:0.001%~0.4%;Si:0.25~0.4%;Be:0.001%~0.16%;Ca:0.005%~0.15%;Zn:0.03%~0.12%;Sr:0.001%~0.08%;Zr:0.001%~0.2%;Na:0.01%~0.25%;V:0.001%~0.1%;Cr:0.001%~0.12%;Mn:0.01%~0.1%;Ga:0.005%~0.15%;Ge:0.01~0.25%;Nb:0.005%~0.25%;Ti:0.01%~0.16%;Ru:0.001~0.1%;B:0.01~1.0%;余量为Al。进行搅拌、静置、精炼、除渣、静置、除气、过滤,经流槽引致浇铸轮冷却水浇铸成型,确保流槽内温度达220℃~280℃。采用连铸连轧设备扎制,10道轧辊轧制过程中保证乳化液的浓度为7.5%~9.5%,得到铝合金杆。
步骤2、采用9模非滑动式铝合金大拉丝机连续拉拔,得到外表光洁的高品质硬态铝合金线后,继续采用型号为BRN-DT18/120-8尼霍夫多头小拉丝机再次进行13道深度加工,得到线径为0.40mm的铝合金单线。
步骤3、绞合导体(1)设计采用束绞、复绞同向绞合结构,采用型号为GSM-600高速束线机进行股线束绞。复绞时采用JL-54B-500笼式绞线机进行股线复绞;压线模内层使用硬质木模,外层使用钻石涂层的定径模;束绞和复绞的同向绞合设计和绞合节距的相互匹配生产出绞合导体(1)。绞合导体(1)外绕包一层超薄深色聚酯带,厚度为0.03-0.05mm,绕包重叠率控制在27%-33%。
步骤4、绝缘层(2)采用长径比(L/D)=18~25、压缩比1.2~2.0、过滤板孔径9~15mm的单螺纹螺杆塑料挤出机挤出,机头配置30目/60目两层叠加不锈钢滤网,挤压式模具挤出绝缘层(2),各区域挤出温度为:一区:40-60℃;二区:70-90℃;三区:90-110℃;四到六区:125-145℃;法兰:125-145℃;机头:145-165℃;模口:135-155℃。
步骤5、护套层低压缩比单螺纹螺杆挤塑机挤出,过滤板孔径15~20mm,挤压式模具挤出护套层(3)。挤出机各区温度为:一区:55-75℃;二区:80-100℃;三区:100-120℃;四和五区:110-130℃;法兰:110-130℃;机头:145-165℃;模口:135-155℃;1-3区:120-140℃。
步骤6、采用辐照交联工艺,绝缘辐照剂量控制在10~15Mrad,护套辐照剂量控制在12~18Mrad,辐照后绝缘的热延伸指标控制在60~80%,护套控制在40~60%。
与现有技术比,本发明达到的有益效果是:
1、通过采用特殊配方及配套工艺生产的铝合金绞合导体保证高强度的同时,兼具高延展性、高柔软性和高导电性;
2、绝缘层采用辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃弹性体绝缘料,既有优异的柔软性、耐臭氧性、耐热性和耐低温性及无卤低烟阻燃等特性,又具有优良的电气绝缘性能和耐低温性能;
3、护套层采用辐照交联无卤低烟阻燃热固性弹性体,具有柔软性好、耐油性、耐臭氧性、耐气候老化、机械性能及无卤低烟阻燃性能高的特点;
4、本发明制得的铝合金软电缆具有重量轻、柔软性好、容易弯曲、便于安装和维护的特点;与铜芯电缆相比,可降低电缆采购成本约40%,降低电缆重量约30%,具有良好的技术性和经济性。
附图说明
图1为本发明结构示意图图;
图1中:1-绞合导体;2-绝缘层;3-护套层。
具体实施方式
为了能够更加详尽地了解本发明的特点与技术内容,下面结合附图对本发明的实现进行详细阐述,所附附图仅供参考说明之用,并非用来限定本发明。
参照图1的一种风力发电用耐扭转铝合金软电缆,包括:绞合导体1、绝缘层2、护套层3;所述绝缘层2包覆着绞合导体1,所述护套层3包覆着绝缘层2,所述绞合导体1的组分为:石墨烯纳米铝粉:0.02%;Fe:0.005%~1.0%;Cu:0.02%~0.15%;Mg:0.001%~0.4%;Si:0.25~0.4%;Be:0.001%~0.16%;Ca:0.005%~0.15%;Zn:0.03%~0.12%;Sr:0.001%~0.08%;Zr:0.001%~0.2%;Na:0.01%~0.25%;V:0.001%~0.1%;Cr:0.001%~0.12%;Mn:0.01%~0.1%;Ga:0.005%~0.15%;Ge:0.01~0.25%;Nb:0.005%~0.25%;Ti:0.01%~0.16%;Ru:0.001~0.1%;B:0.01~1.0%;余量为Al。通过混合石墨烯熔炼技术得到高性能铝合金杆材,通过特殊设计的拉制和绞制工艺制得铝合金软绞合导体1,具有柔软性好、抗拉强度和导电性高的特性。
其中,所述绝缘层2采用辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃弹性体绝缘料,既有优异的柔软性、耐臭氧性、耐热性和耐低温性及无卤低烟阻燃等特性,又具有优良的电气绝缘性能和耐低温性能。
其中,所述护套层3采用辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃耐油弹性体护套料,具有柔软性好、耐油性、耐臭氧性、耐气候老化、机械性能及无卤低烟阻燃性能高的特点。
一种风力发电用耐扭转铝合金软电缆的制作方法,其步骤为:
步骤1、将石墨烯纳米铝粉:0.02%;Fe:0.005%~1.0%;Cu:0.02%~0.15%;Mg:0.001%~0.4%;Si:0.25~0.4%;Be:0.001%~0.16%;Ca:0.005%~0.15%;Zn:0.03%~0.12%;Sr:0.001%~0.08%;Zr:0.001%~0.2%;Na:0.01%~0.25%;V:0.001%~0.1%;Cr:0.001%~0.12%;Mn:0.01%~0.1%;Ga:0.005%~0.15%;Ge:0.01~0.25%;Nb:0.005%~0.25%;Ti:0.01%~0.16%;Ru:0.001~0.1%;B:0.01~1.0%;余量为Al。进行搅拌、静置、精炼、除渣、静置、除气、过滤,经流槽引致浇铸轮冷却水浇铸成型,确保流槽内温度为220℃~280℃。采用连铸连轧设备扎制,10道轧辊轧制过程中保证乳化液的浓度为7.5%~9.5%,得到得到直径9.5mm,电阻率≤0.0288Ω·mm2/m,伸长率≥8%,抗拉强度140MPa~170MPa的高性能铝合金杆。
步骤2、采用9模非滑动式铝合金大拉丝机连续拉拔,得到外表光洁的高品质硬态铝合金线后,继续采用型号为BRN-DT18/120-8尼霍夫多头小拉丝机再次进行13道深度加工,得到线径为0.40mm的铝合金单线。铝合金单线电阻率≤0.0270Ω·mm2/m,伸长率≥20%,抗拉强度110MPa~140MPa。
步骤3、考虑风力发电电缆的耐扭曲特性,为提高电缆的柔软度和耐扭曲、耐弯曲性能,绞合导体1设计采用束绞、复绞同向绞合结构,目的是把导体绞合成股线时产生的绞距通过复绞时尽最大可能的消除掉,使绞合后的导体与一次性绞合的导体基本一致。考虑股线绞合前后的尺寸空间变换,确保每根单线束绞时不发生断丝,采用型号为GSM-600高速束线机进行股线束绞。复绞时采用JL-54B-500笼式绞线机进行股线复绞;压线模内层使用硬质木模,外层使用钻石涂层的定径模;束绞和复绞的同向绞合设计和绞合节距的相互匹配,使绞合导体柔软、紧密、圆整;设计了大孔径收线盘具,减小成品导体的弯曲半径,高速、高质量生产出绞合导体1。为保证导电线芯结构紧凑,表面平整光滑,设计导体外绕包一层超薄深色聚酯带,厚度为0.03-0.05mm,绕包重叠率控制在27%-33%。
步骤4、绝缘层2采用以三元乙丙(EPR)胶为基料的辐照交联热固性低烟无卤阻燃弹性体绝缘料,采用长径比(L/D)=18~25、压缩比1.2~2.0、过滤板孔径9~15mm的单螺纹螺杆塑料挤出机挤出,机头配置30目/60目两层叠加不锈钢滤网,挤压式模具挤出绝缘层2,挤出温度控制如表1。
表1绝缘挤出温度
挤出机位置 | 一 | 二 | 三 | 四~六 | 法兰 | 机头 | 模口 |
温度(±10℃) | 50 | 80 | 100 | 135 | 135 | 155 | 145 |
步骤5、护套层3采用以聚烯烃弹性体POE为基料的辐照交联热固性低烟无卤阻燃耐寒弹性体护套料,采用低压缩比单螺纹螺杆挤塑机挤出,过滤板孔径15~20mm,挤压式模具挤出护套层3。该材料挤出温度随螺杆压缩比变化而变化,当螺杆压缩比≈1.2时,挤出机各区温度参考表2;当螺杆压缩比在1.2~2.0之间时,每区温度要适当降低;当采用普通螺杆(压缩比在2.0~3.0之间)时,各区温度要进一步降低,挤出设备必须保证有良好的温控装置,可以使用风冷,一、二区温度分别不能超过75℃和100℃,否则下料口可能产生结块,影响挤出。
表2护套挤出温度
挤出机位置 | 一 | 二 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 法兰 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
温度(±10℃) | 65 | 90 | 110 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 130 | 130 | 130 |
步骤6、设计辐照交联工艺性能相匹配的弹性体绝缘和护套材料,绝缘层2厚度和护套层3厚度之和不超过6mm的电缆,可采用绝缘层2和护套层3一次辐照完成交联工序;绝缘层2和护套层3厚度之和大于6mm的电缆,采用绝缘层2和护套层3分别进行辐照交联即二次辐照工艺,确保辐照交联性能稳定;绝缘层2辐照剂量控制在10~15Mrad,护套层3辐照剂量控制在12~18Mrad,辐照时应合理控制牵引张力,避免绝缘层2在辐照过程中压扁;辐照后绝缘层3的热延伸指标控制在60~80%,护套层3控制在40~60%。
以下为与现有技术的性能对比:
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (4)
1.一种风力发电用耐扭转铝合金软电缆,其特征在于包括:绞合导体(1)、绝缘层(2)、护套层(3);所述绝缘层(2)包覆着绞合导体(1),所述护套层(3)包覆着绝缘层(2),所述绞合导体(1)的组分为:石墨烯纳米铝粉:0.02%;Fe:0.005%~1.0%;Cu:0.02%~0.15%;Mg:0.001%~0.4%;Si:0.25~0.4%;Be:0.001%~0.16%;Ca:0.005%~0.15%;Zn:0.03%~0.12%;Sr:0.001%~0.08%;Zr:0.001%~0.2%;Na:0.01%~0.25%;V:0.001%~0.1%;Cr:0.001%~0.12%;Mn:0.01%~0.1%;Ga:0.005%~0.15%;Ge:0.01~0.25%;Nb:0.005%~0.25%;Ti:0.01%~0.16%;Ru:0.001~0.1%;B:0.01~1.0%;余量为Al。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种风力发电用耐扭转铝合金软电缆,其特征在于:所述绝缘层(2)采用辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃弹性体绝缘料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种风力发电用耐扭转铝合金软电缆,其特征在于:所述护套层(3)采用辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃耐油弹性体护套料。
4.一种风力发电用耐扭转铝合金软电缆的制作方法,其步骤为:
步骤1、将石墨烯纳米铝粉:0.02%;Fe:0.005%~1.0%;Cu:0.02%~0.15%;Mg:0.001%~0.4%;Si:0.25~0.4%;Be:0.001%~0.16%;Ca:0.005%~0.15%;Zn:0.03%~0.12%;Sr:0.001%~0.08%;Zr:0.001%~0.2%;Na:0.01%~0.25%;V:0.001%~0.1%;Cr:0.001%~0.12%;Mn:0.01%~0.1%;Ga:0.005%~0.15%;Ge:0.01~0.25%;Nb:0.005%~0.25%;Ti:0.01%~0.16%;Ru:0.001~0.1%;B:0.01~1.0%;余量为Al;进行搅拌、静置、精炼、除渣、静置、除气、过滤,经流槽引致浇铸轮冷却水浇铸成型,流槽内温度为220℃~280℃;采用连铸连轧设备扎制,10道轧辊轧制过程中保证乳化液的浓度为7.5%~9.5%,得到铝合金杆;
步骤2、采用9模非滑动式铝合金大拉丝机连续拉拔,得到外表光洁的高品质硬态铝合金线后,继续采用型号为BRN-DT18/120-8尼霍夫多头小拉丝机再次进行13道深度加工,得到线径为0.40mm的铝合金单线;
步骤3、绞合导体(1)设计采用束绞、复绞同向绞合结构,采用型号为GSM-600高速束线机进行股线束绞;复绞时采用JL-54B-500笼式绞线机进行股线复绞;压线模内层使用硬质木模,外层使用钻石涂层的定径模;束绞和复绞的同向绞合设计和绞合节距的相互匹配生产出绞合导体(1);绞合导体(1)外绕包一层超薄深色聚酯带,厚度为0.03-0.05mm,绕包重叠率控制在27%-33%;
步骤4、绝缘层(2)采用长径比为18~25、压缩比1.2~2.0、过滤板孔径9~15mm的单螺纹螺杆塑料挤出机挤出,机头配置30目/60目两层叠加不锈钢滤网,挤压式模具挤出绝缘层(2),各区域挤出温度为:一区:40-60℃;二区:70-90℃;三区:90-110℃;四到六区:125-145℃;法兰:125-145℃;机头:145-165℃;模口:135-155℃;
步骤5、护套层(3)低压缩比单螺纹螺杆挤塑机挤出,过滤板孔径15~20mm,挤压式模具挤出护套层(3);挤出机各区温度为:一区:55-75℃;二区:80-100℃;三区:100-120℃;四和五区:110-130℃;法兰:110-130℃;机头:145-165℃;模口:135-155℃;1-3区:120-140℃;
步骤6、采用辐照交联工艺,绝缘层(2)辐照剂量控制在10~15Mrad,护套层(3)辐照剂量控制在12~18Mrad,辐照后绝缘层(2)的热延伸指标控制在60~80%,护套层(3)控制在40~60%。
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