CN114151082B - Automatic high-pressure jet auxiliary rock breaking and foam dust suppression cutting pick device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic high-pressure jet auxiliary rock breaking and foam dust suppression cutting pick device which comprises a cutting pick, a high-pressure jet generator and a foam generator, wherein the device can automatically switch the high-pressure jet auxiliary rock breaking or the high-pressure foam dust suppression according to different working conditions of the cutting pick, when a machine is used for tunneling, the cutting pick and the rock are switched into a high-pressure jet state when cutting, so that the high-efficiency breaking of a hard rock stratum is realized, and when the cutting pick and the rock are not contacted, a nozzle is switched into a high-pressure foam state, so that timely dust suppression and dust suppression effects are realized, and the tunneling efficiency of a hard rock roadway can be effectively improved.

Description

An automatic high-pressure jet-assisted rock breaking and foam dust-killing pick device

Technical field

The invention relates to a pick device, in particular to an automatic high-pressure jet-assisted rock breaking and foam dust-killing pick device suitable for rock-breaking coal shearers, tunnel boring machines, and rock drills.

Background technique

In the cutting process of ordinary picks used in coal shearers, tunnel boring machines, rock drills, etc., there are a series of problems such as difficulty in cutting coal and rock, heavy wear of the picks, large amounts of dust, and easy explosion caused by sparks. High-pressure Water jets and ordinary picks combine to break hard rock and can effectively cut coal and rock. However, in the existing technology, due to the influence of factors such as the nozzle target distance and delivery pressure, the high-pressure jet cannot assist in the generation of cracks in a timely and effective manner, and the erosion ability is poor. Moreover, because most of the foam nozzles are installed in the middle and rear positions of the machine, This makes it impossible for the foam to extinguish the dust-generating points in time, and the foam flow speed is not enough, the area that can be covered is small, and the dust extinguishing effect is poor. More seriously, because it is impossible to judge the real-time working conditions, only high-pressure jets and foam can only Work non-stop. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an automatic high-pressure jet-assisted rock breaking and foam dust-killing pick device.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above-mentioned technical deficiencies, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an automatic high-pressure jet-assisted rock breaking and foam dust-extinguishing pick device that can automatically switch between high-pressure jet-assisted rock breaking or high-pressure foam dust-extinguishing work according to real-time working conditions. , to achieve hard rock crushing, efficient dust elimination, effective energy saving and other effects.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

The invention provides an automatic high-pressure jet-assisted rock breaking and foam dust-killing pick device, which includes a pick, a high-pressure jet generator, and a foam generator; the pick includes a blade tip body and teeth fixed together coaxially in sequence. body and pick holder; the blade tip body is fixed at the center of the front end of the tooth body, and the tail end of the tooth body extends into the inner cavity of the pick holder. A spring damping device, a flange sleeve fixed to the pick holder is set on the outside of the tooth body, a stepped shaft corresponding to the flange sleeve is formed on the tooth body, and the tooth body can move along the axial direction in the cutter The inner cavity of the gear seat and the inner cavity of the flange sleeve move. The axis of the tooth body is provided with a central water channel. The end of the central water channel is vertically connected with a radial flow channel. The front end side of the tooth body is provided with a connecting central water channel. A conical nozzle with an internal taper, the inner diameter of the radial flow channel is smaller than the inner diameter of the central water channel; the high-pressure jet generator and foam generator are arranged in parallel in the pick holder for communicating with the radial flow channel and the When the radial flow channel is in a connected state with the high-pressure jet generator or the foam generator, the other one is in a non-connected state with the radial flow channel.

Preferably, the high-pressure jet generator includes a high-pressure water chamber, a stepped pressurizing chamber, an oscillating chamber and a high-pressure water inlet flow channel, and the high-pressure water chamber, the stepped pressurizing chamber, the oscillating cavity and the high-pressure water inlet flow channel are connected to each other in sequence. .

Preferably, the stepped pressurizing chamber is divided into a first part of the pressurizing chamber, a second part of the pressurizing chamber, a third part of the pressurizing chamber, and a fourth part of the pressurizing chamber whose inner diameters gradually decrease from the back to the front; so The first part of the pressurizing chamber and the third part of the pressurizing chamber are funnel-shaped cavities that gradually shrink; the second part of the pressurizing chamber and the fourth part of the pressurizing chamber are cylindrical cavities, and the fourth part of the pressurizing chamber The diameter of the cavity is the same as the diameter of the high-pressure water inlet flow channel.

Preferably, the front and rear ends of the oscillation cavity are conical cavities, and the middle part is a cylindrical cavity with a diameter equal to the diameter of the conical bottom.

Preferably, the foam generator includes a high-pressure foam inner cavity, a foam nozzle, a mixing chamber, a foam inlet channel, an air inlet channel and a one-way valve; the high-pressure foam inner cavity, a foam nozzle, a mixing chamber and a foam inlet channel They are connected with each other in turn, and the side wall of the mixing chamber is connected with an air inlet channel, and a one-way valve is arranged in the air inlet channel.

Preferably, the one-way valve is installed at the front end of the air inlet channel, and the end of the air inlet channel is located at the rear end of the mixing chamber and at the bottom of the foam nozzle.

Preferably, the front end of the flange sleeve is equipped with a dust-proof sheet corresponding to the tooth body, and the front end of the dust-proof sheet is in contact with the tooth body; the flange cover is provided with several sealing holes, and the flange is An O-ring sealing ring I is provided in the sealing hole on the contact surface between the sleeve and the tooth body, and an O-type sealing ring II is provided in the sealing hole on the contact surface between the flange sleeve and the inner cavity of the pick holder.

Preferably, the spring shock absorbing device includes a V-shaped dome spring, an ordinary spring, a spring pad, and a stud. The V-shaped dome spring and the ordinary spring are fixed at the rear of the inner cavity of the pick holder through studs, and the The top of the V-shaped dome spring contacts the tail end of the tooth body and is arranged in a semicircular structure. The length of the ordinary spring is smaller than the length of the V-shaped dome spring. The spring pad is installed on the front end of the ordinary spring.

Preferably, the pick holder is provided with a leakage hole communicating with the inner cavity of the pick holder.

Preferably, annular grooves for communicating with the high-pressure jet generator and the foam generator are formed at both ends of the radial flow channel, and the inner diameter of the annular groove is larger than the inner diameter of the radial flow channel.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) The conical nozzle is located at the lateral position of the front end of the tooth body. Without reducing the strength of the blade tip body, the spray target distance is the closest, which can assist the pick to break rocks to the greatest extent and eliminate dust at the dust-generating points in a timely and accurate manner. ;

(2) The pick can automatically switch to high-pressure jet to assist in rock breaking or high-pressure foam to eliminate dust according to real-time working conditions and in the cutting or non-cutting state, avoiding the uninterrupted operation of high-pressure jet and foam and reducing energy waste. At the same time, it eliminates the problem of high-pressure jet and foam ejection time lag and promptly flushes away nozzle blockages to avoid clogging;

(3) When the pressure and flow rate of the high-pressure water pump are constant, the jet passes through the stepped pressurization chamber set in the pick holder, which can complete the pressure increase; the boosted jet can generate high-frequency "water hammer pressure" after passing through the oscillation chamber. ", instead of a continuous high-pressure jet that generates a single "stagnation pressure", it can intensify rock fragmentation and fatigue damage, and the auxiliary effect is much stronger than that of ordinary jets.

(4) The high-pressure foam liquid forms a negative pressure inside the mixing chamber after passing through the foam nozzle, absorbing air to collide and mix with the foam liquid, thereby increasing the production of foam and increasing the cavitation volume of the foam; the one-way valve can effectively prevent the backflow of the foam liquid. Going inside the air inlet channel can effectively avoid failure to obtain high-quality foam.

(5) When the pick cuts rock, the spring damping device uses the V-shaped dome spring and the ordinary spring secondary buffer structure to have an obvious axial damping effect, which can effectively avoid the impact damage of the tooth body and other structures, and the V-shaped round Compared with ordinary V-shaped springs, the top spring can still maintain elasticity without failure during high-intensity repeated work. When the pick is not cutting, it can promptly return the tooth body to its original position to ensure foam and dust elimination.

(6) The pick device has a simple and compact structure, high reliability, the same appearance as an ordinary pick, easy disassembly and assembly, and has wide applicability.

Description of the drawings

In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without exerting creative efforts.

Figure 1 is a structural diagram of an automatic high-pressure jet-assisted rock breaking and foam dust-killing pick device of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a structural diagram of an automatic high-pressure jet-assisted rock breaking and foam dust-killing pick device of the present invention;

Figure 3a is a structural diagram of the high-voltage jet generator of the present invention;

Figure 3b is a structural diagram of the foam generator of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a structural diagram of the spring damping device of the present invention;

Explanation of reference symbols:

1. Blade tip body, 2. Tooth body, 3. Central water channel, 4. Radial flow channel, 5. Pick holder, 6. High-pressure jet generator, 6-1. High-pressure water chamber, 6-2. Stepped increaser Pressure chamber, 6-3, Oscillation chamber, 6-4, High-pressure water inlet channel, 7. Foam generator, 7-1, High-pressure foam inner chamber, 7-2, Foam nozzle, 7-3, Mixing chamber, 7 -4. Foam inlet flow channel, 7-5. Air inlet channel, 7-6. One-way valve, 8. O-ring sealing ring I, 9. O-ring sealing ring II, 10. Bolts, 11. Flange sleeve, 12. Nozzle, 13. Dust-proof sheet, 14. Spring shock absorber, 14-1. V-shaped dome spring, 14-2. Ordinary spring, 14-3. Spring pad, 14-4. Stud, 15. Leak hole.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1-4, this example provides an automatic high-pressure jet-assisted rock breaking and foam dust-killing pick device, including a pick, a high-pressure jet generator 6, and a foam generator 7; the pick includes coaxial The blade tip body 1, the tooth body 2, and the pick holder 5 are fixed together linearly; the blade tip body 1 is fixed at the center of the front end of the tooth body 2, and the tail end of the tooth body 2 extends into the inner cavity of the pick holder 5 , the inner cavity of the pick holder 5 is provided with a spring damping device 14 corresponding to the tail end of the tooth body 2, and the outside of the tooth body 2 is provided with a flange sleeve 11 fixed to the pick holder 5. A stepped shaft corresponding to the flange sleeve 11 is formed on the body 2. The tooth body 2 can move in the axial direction in the inner cavity of the pick holder 5 and the flange sleeve 11. The axis center of the tooth body 2 A central water channel 3 is provided. The end of the central water channel 3 is vertically connected to a radial flow channel 4. The front end side of the tooth body 2 is provided with a conical nozzle 12 with an internal taper connected to the central water channel 3. The radial flow The inner diameter of the channel 4 is smaller than the inner diameter of the central water channel 3; the high-pressure jet generator 6 and the foam generator 7 are arranged in parallel in the pick seat 5 for communicating with the radial flow channel 4, and the radial flow channel 4 is connected to the high-pressure jet generator 6. When one of the jet generator 6 and the foam generator 7 is in a connected state, the other one is in a disconnected state from the radial flow channel 4 .

The high-pressure jet generator 6 includes a high-pressure water chamber 6-1, a stepped pressurization chamber 6-2, an oscillation chamber 6-3, and a high-pressure water inlet flow channel 6-4. The cavity 6-2, the oscillation cavity 6-3 and the high-pressure water inlet channel 6-4 are connected to each other in sequence.

The stepped pressurizing chamber 6-2 is divided into a first part of the pressurizing chamber, a second part of the pressurizing chamber, a third part of the pressurizing chamber, and a fourth part of the pressurizing chamber whose inner diameter gradually decreases from the back to the front; so The first part of the pressurizing chamber and the third part of the pressurizing chamber are funnel-shaped cavities that gradually shrink; the second part of the pressurizing chamber and the fourth part of the pressurizing chamber are cylindrical cavities, and the fourth part of the pressurizing chamber The diameter of the cavity is the same as the diameter of the high-pressure water inlet flow channel 6-4.

The front and rear ends of the oscillation cavity 6-3 are both conical cavities, and the middle part is a cylindrical cavity with a diameter equal to the diameter of the conical bottom.

The foam generator 7 includes a high-pressure foam inner chamber 7-1, a foam nozzle 7-2, a mixing chamber 7-3, a foam inlet channel 7-4, an air inlet channel 7-5 and a one-way valve 7-6; The high-pressure foam inner chamber 7-1, foam nozzle 7-2, mixing chamber 7-3 and foam inlet flow channel 7-4 are connected with each other in sequence, and the side wall of the mixing chamber 7-3 is connected with an air inlet channel 7-5 , a one-way valve 7-6 is provided in the air inlet channel 7-5.

The one-way valve 7-6 is installed at the front end of the air inlet channel 7-5, and the end of the air inlet channel 7-5 is located at the rear end of the mixing chamber 7-3 and at the bottom of the foam nozzle 7-2.

The front end of the flange sleeve 11 is installed with a dust-proof sheet 13 corresponding to the tooth body 2, and the front end of the dust-proof sheet 13 is in contact with the tooth body 2; a number of sealing holes are provided in the flange sleeve 11, so The sealing hole on the contact surface between the flange sleeve 11 and the tooth body 2 is provided with an O-shaped sealing ring I8, and the sealing hole on the contact surface between the flange sleeve 11 and the inner cavity of the pick holder 5 is provided with an O-shaped sealing ring I8. Seal ring II9.

The spring shock absorbing device 14 includes a V-shaped dome spring 14-1, an ordinary spring 14-2, a spring pad 14-3, and a stud 14-4. The V-shaped dome spring 14-1 and the ordinary spring 14- 2 is fixed to the rear of the inner cavity of the pick holder 5 through studs 14-4. The top of the V-shaped dome spring 14-1 contacts the tail end of the tooth body 2 and is arranged in a semicircular structure. The ordinary spring 14-2 The length is less than the length of the V-shaped dome spring 14-1, and the spring pad 14-3 is installed on the front end of the ordinary spring 14-2.

The pick holder 5 is provided with a leakage hole 15 communicating with the inner cavity of the pick holder 5 to avoid damage to the pick holder caused by excessive pressure in the inner cavity of the pick holder 5 .

Both ends of the radial flow channel 4 are formed with annular grooves for communicating with the high-pressure jet generator 6 and the foam generator 7 . The inner diameter of the annular groove is larger than the inner diameter of the radial flow channel 4 .

working principle

When the pick is in a state of not cutting rocks, the tooth body 2 is subjected to the high pressure of the jet, the high foam pressure and the force of the spring shock absorber 14 in the pick holder 5, so that the shoulder of the tooth body 2 touches the annular shape of the flange sleeve 11 bulge, at this time the high-pressure jet channel is closed, the high-pressure foam channel is connected to the radial flow channel 4, and the foam dust extinguishing is in an open state. The high-pressure foam liquid enters the high-pressure foam inner cavity through the pipeline. Due to the contraction of the foam nozzle 7-2, the foam liquid is accelerated to form a high-speed and high-pressure foam liquid, and a negative pressure is formed in the internal cavity of the mixing chamber. The external air acts on the negative pressure. It enters the mixing chamber through the air inlet channel 7-5 and the one-way valve 7-6, collides and mixes with the foam liquid, completes the rapid generation of foam and the increase in the volume of foam cavitation, and then sprays out along the nozzle 12 for foam dust elimination.

Then, when cutting hard rock, the tooth body 2 moves backward as a whole due to the resistance of the rock, until the rear end of the tooth body 2 contacts the top of the stud of the spring shock absorber 14. Due to the secondary buffering and shock absorption of the spring shock absorber 14, , which can effectively reduce the impact damage to the gear seat structure. At this time, the high-pressure foam channel is closed, the high-pressure jet channel is connected to the radial flow channel 4, and the high-pressure jet assisted rock breaking is on, realizing the automatic switching function. The high-pressure jet reaches the high-pressure water chamber 6-1 through the pipeline. Due to the existence of the stepped pressurization chamber 6-2, the pressure increases rapidly and the flow velocity increases, completing self-pressurization. The boosted jet can generate high-frequency "water hammer pressure" after passing through the oscillation chamber 6-3. The superposition and reflection of stress waves inside the rock can aggravate rock fragmentation and fatigue damage, and the auxiliary effect is much stronger than that of ordinary jets. Moreover, the high-pressure jet can pass through the nozzle 12 in a timely and accurate manner, ensuring that the high-pressure water ejected can cause cracks in time and assist the pick to break the rock. Moreover, because the target distance of the nozzle 12 is relatively close, it can be used without reducing the strength of the blade tip body 1. To achieve the greatest auxiliary effect. And if there is a blockage in the nozzle 12, it can also be opened.

When the pick breaks away from the rock and is unloaded, the tooth body 2 is acted upon by the high pressure of the jet, the high pressure of the foam and the force of the spring shock absorber 14 in the pick holder 5. The tooth body 2 moves forward, causing the shoulder of the tooth body 2 to reach The flange sleeve 11 has an annular protrusion, and the high-pressure jet automatically switches to high-pressure foam. Because the nozzle 12 is close to the dust outlet point, dust can be suppressed to the maximum extent.

Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In this way, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and equivalent technologies, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims (9)

1. An automatic high-pressure jet-assisted rock breaking and foam dust-killing pick device, characterized in that: it includes a pick, a high-pressure jet generator (6), and a foam generator (7); the pick includes sequential coaxial lines The blade tip body (1), the tooth body (2), and the pick holder (5) are fixed together; the blade tip body (1) is fixed at the center of the front end of the tooth body (2), and the tooth body (2) tail The end extends into the inner cavity of the pick holder (5). The inner cavity of the pick holder (5) is provided with a spring damping device (14) corresponding to the tail end of the tooth body (2). The tooth body (2) 2) The outer sleeve is provided with a flange sleeve (11) fixed to the pick holder (5), and a stepped shaft portion corresponding to the flange sleeve (11) is formed on the tooth body (2). 2) It can move in the axial direction in the inner cavity of the pick holder (5) and the inner cavity of the flange sleeve (11). The axis of the tooth body (2) is provided with a central water channel (3). The central water channel (3) The end of 3) is vertically connected with a radial flow channel (4), and the front end side of the tooth body (2) is provided with a conical nozzle (12) with an internal taper that communicates with the central water channel (3). The radial flow channel The inner diameter of (4) is smaller than the inner diameter of the central water channel (3); the high-pressure jet generator (6) and foam generator (7) are arranged in parallel in the pick seat (5) for interfacing with the radial flow channel (4) The two ends of the radial flow channel (4) are formed with annular grooves for communicating with the high-pressure jet generator (6) and the foam generator (7). The inner diameter of the annular groove is larger than the radial flow channel. (4), when the radial flow channel (4) is connected to one of the high-pressure jet generator (6) and the foam generator (7), the other one is in a non-connected state with the radial flow channel (4). In the connected state, when the pick is in the state of not cutting rocks, the tooth body (2) is subjected to the force of the jet high pressure, foam high pressure and spring shock absorber (14) in the pick holder (5), so that the tooth body (2) 2) The shaft shoulder reaches the annular protrusion of the flange sleeve (11). At this time, the high-pressure jet channel is closed, the high-pressure foam channel is connected to the radial flow channel (4), and the foam dust extinguisher is in the open state; when cutting hard rock, The tooth body (2) moves backward as a whole due to the resistance of the rock, until the tail end of the tooth body (2) touches the stud top of the spring shock absorber (14). At this time, the high-pressure foam channel is closed, and the high-pressure jet channel and the radial flow channel ( 4) Connection, high-pressure jet-assisted rock breaking is on, realizing automatic switching function. 2. An automatic high-pressure jet-assisted rock breaking and foam dust-killing pick device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the high-pressure jet generator (6) includes a high-pressure water chamber (6-1), a stepped intensifier Pressure chamber (6-2), oscillation chamber (6-3) and high-pressure water inlet flow channel (6-4), the high-pressure water chamber (6-1), stepped pressurization chamber (6-2), oscillation chamber (6-3) and the high-pressure water inlet flow channel (6-4) are connected to each other in sequence. 3. An automatic high-pressure jet-assisted rock breaking and foam dust-killing pick device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the stepped pressurization chamber (6-2) is divided into inner chamber diameters from back to front. The first part of the pressurizing chamber, the second part of the pressurizing chamber, the third part of the pressurizing chamber, and the fourth part of the pressurizing chamber become smaller; the first part of the pressurizing chamber and the third part of the pressurizing chamber are funnel-shaped and gradually shrink. Cavity; the second part of the pressurizing chamber and the fourth part of the pressurizing chamber are cylindrical cavities, and the diameter of the fourth part of the pressurizing chamber is the same as the diameter of the high-pressure water inlet flow channel (6-4). 4. An automatic high-pressure jet-assisted rock breaking and foam dust-killing pick device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that both the front end and the rear end of the oscillating cavity (6-3) are conical cavities, The middle part is a cylindrical cavity with a diameter equal to the diameter of the cone bottom. 5. An automatic high-pressure jet-assisted rock breaking and foam dust-killing pick device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the foam generator (7) includes a high-pressure foam inner cavity (7-1) and a foam nozzle. (7-2), mixing chamber (7-3), foam inlet channel (7-4), air inlet channel (7-5) and one-way valve (7-6); the high-pressure foam inner cavity (7 -1), the foam nozzle (7-2), the mixing chamber (7-3) and the foam inlet channel (7-4) are connected with each other in sequence, and the side wall of the mixing chamber (7-3) is connected with an air inlet channel (7-5), a one-way valve (7-6) is provided in the air inlet channel (7-5). 6. An automatic high-pressure jet-assisted rock breaking and foam dust-killing pick device as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the one-way valve (7-6) is installed in the air inlet channel (7-5) At the front end, the end of the air inlet channel (7-5) is located at the rear end of the mixing chamber (7-3) and at the bottom of the foam nozzle (7-2). 7. An automatic high-pressure jet-assisted rock breaking and foam dust-killing pick device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the front end of the flange sleeve (11) is equipped with an anti-shock corresponding to the tooth body (2). Dust sheet (13), the front end of the dust sheet (13) is in contact with the tooth body (2); the flange sleeve (11) is provided with a number of sealing holes, and the flange sleeve (11) is in contact with the tooth body (2). There is an O-shaped sealing ring I (8) in the sealing hole on the contact surface of the body (2), and there is an O-shaped sealing ring I (8) in the sealing hole on the contact surface of the flange sleeve (11) and the inner cavity of the pick holder (5). O-ring seal II(9). 8. An automatic high-pressure jet-assisted rock breaking and foam dust-killing pick device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the spring damping device (14) includes a V-shaped dome spring (14-1), Ordinary spring (14-2), spring pad (14-3), stud (14-4), the V-shaped dome spring (14-1) and the ordinary spring (14-2) pass through the stud (14- 4) Fixed at the rear of the inner cavity of the pick holder (5), the top of the V-shaped dome spring (14-1) contacts the tail end of the tooth body (2) and is arranged in a semicircular structure, and the ordinary spring (14 -2) is smaller than the length of the V-shaped dome spring (14-1), and the spring pad (14-3) is installed at the front end of the ordinary spring (14-2). 9. An automatic high-pressure jet-assisted rock breaking and foam dust-killing pick device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the pick holder (5) is provided with a cutter that communicates with the inner cavity of the pick holder (5). Leak hole (15).