CN114150230B - Steel material for forged steel brake disc of high-speed train with speed per hour of 350km and above and forging process of steel material - Google Patents
Steel material for forged steel brake disc of high-speed train with speed per hour of 350km and above and forging process of steel material Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
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- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
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- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/04—Refining by applying a vacuum
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- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
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- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
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Abstract
The invention provides a steel material for a forged steel brake disc of a high-speed train with the speed of 350km per hour or above and a forging process thereof, wherein the brake disc is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: c:0.25-0.29%, si:0.2-0.35%, mn:0.6-0.9%, cr:2.1-2.5%, mo:0.9-1.1%, V:0.2-0.3%, al:0.02 to 0.04%, nb:0.05-0.08%, the balance of iron and other elements, and the balance of residual trace elements. The invention firstly fills the blank of steel materials for forging and heat treatment of high-iron brake discs at 350km or more at home, the steel materials have the characteristics of fine grain size, uniform structure, normal temperature performance, low temperature performance and high temperature performance, the requirements of various performances of the high-iron forged brake discs at 350km or more at the speed are met, the raw material cost is saved, the range of the steel materials for forging the high-iron brake discs at 350km or more at the speed in China can be improved to a certain extent, and the domestication of the steel materials for the high-iron forged brake discs at 350km or more at the speed in China is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy forged steel, and particularly relates to a steel material for a forged steel brake disc of a high-speed train with the speed of 350km/h or more and a forging process thereof.
Background
The brake disc for the high-speed rail is a key part for braking the high-speed rail, particularly a motor train unit with the speed of 350Km/h and higher, the quality performance of the brake disc directly influences various performance indexes of the motor train unit, and the popularization of the high-speed rail with the speed of 350Km or more in the future is influenced; at present, domestic brake discs mainly adopt cast steel or rely on imports, not only have higher price, but also can not support the development of high-speed rails with the speed per hour of 350km and above in the future. The material used as the brake disc of the high-speed train is mainly a steel series metal material, including cast steel and forged steel. Due to the limitation of domestic casting level, the production quality of cast steel used as a brake disc of a high-speed train is unstable, quality problems are easy to occur, and the using effect and the service life of the brake disc are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a steel material for forging high-speed brake discs with 350km or more per hour and a forging process of forgings thereof, wherein the steel material has excellent macrostructure, higher mechanical strength, good toughness, good low-temperature performance and high-temperature durability, and can be safely used in various places in China.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a steel material for a forged steel brake disc of a high-speed train with the speed per hour of 350km or more is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass:
C：0.25-0.29%；
Si：0.2-0.35%；
Mn：0.6-0.9%；
Cr：2.1-2.5%；
Mo：0.9-1.1%；
V：0.2-0.3%；
Al：0.02-0.04%；
Nb：0.05-0.08%；
the balance of iron and other elements, and the other elements are residual trace elements.
Further, the residual trace elements include Ti, co, cu, as, N, H, O, P, and S, and the specific mass percentages are As shown in table 1 below.
Note: chemical elements other than those specified in Table 1 should not be added.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the Cr mass percentage is 2.11 to 2.49%; more preferably, the Cr content is 2.31 to 2.45% by mass.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the mass percentage of Mo is 0.92 to 1.08%; more preferably, the Mo accounts for 1.0 to 1.07% by mass.
In the above technical scheme, preferably, the mass percentage of the Al is 0.02-0.035%; more preferably, the Al content is 0.025 to 0.030% by mass.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the mass percentage of Nb is 0.05 to 0.079%; more preferably, the mass percentage of Nb is 0.065-0.075%.
The invention also aims to provide a forging process of the steel material for the forged steel brake disc of the high-speed train with the speed per hour of 350km or more, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing raw materials according to a formula ratio, and then putting the raw materials into a vacuum furnace for smelting, wherein the smelting process comprises stokehole test and furnace test; and carrying out electroslag remelting after the test is carried out after the furnace, and cooling to obtain the steel ingot.
(2) And (3) putting the steel ingot into an electric furnace, preserving the heat of the steel ingot in the electric furnace at the temperature of 920 ℃ for 5 hours, and annealing the steel ingot along with furnace cooling.
(3) And (3) placing the annealed steel ingot in a gas furnace, keeping the temperature of the gas furnace at 1150 ℃ for 3 hours, repeatedly upsetting, drawing and forging under the condition that the finish forging temperature is not lower than 800 ℃, wherein the forging ratio is not less than 3, and obtaining a bar stock with the diameter of phi 260mm after forging.
(4) Keeping the temperature of the bar stock with the diameter of 260mm in a furnace with the temperature of 730 ℃ for 4 hours, discharging the bar stock out of the furnace, cooling and normalizing.
(5) And (3) putting the normalized bar with the diameter of 260mm into an electric furnace with the temperature of 850-890 ℃, preserving heat for 7 hours, discharging, quenching in a 120-ton oil bath, and then placing the electric furnace with the temperature of 600-650 ℃ for preserving heat for 12 hours for high-temperature tempering.
In the technical scheme, the metallographic structure of the steel material for forging the high-speed steel brake disc with the speed of 350km/h or more after quenching and tempering is an even tempered sorbite.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the blank of steel materials for forging the high-speed steel brake disc with the speed per hour of 350km or more in China is filled, the steel materials are excellent in macrostructure, higher in strength and toughness, and good in low-temperature performance and high-temperature durability, and are suitable for the forged steel brake disc of the high-speed train with the speed per hour of 350km or more; the added alloy elements are reasonable in type and proportion, the effect of each element in steel is fully utilized, the components have a synergistic effect, and the wear resistance of the steel material can be improved within a proper content range by the mass percent of 2.1-2.5% of Cr and 0.6-0.9% of Mn; the mass percent of V is 0.2-0.3% and the mass percent of Al is 0.02-0.04%, so that the plasticity of the steel material can be improved, and the steel material still has good operability when the forging ratio is more than 3; the proper content of 0.6-0.9% by mass of Mn and 0.05-0.08% by mass of Nb can improve the heat treatment quality of the steel material and has good hardenability, the synergistic effect of 0.25-0.29% by mass of C, 0.2-0.35% by mass of Si, 0.6-0.9% by mass of Mn and 0.9-1.1% by mass of Mo and 0.05-0.08% by mass of Nb can better realize grain refinement, the excellent properties of the steel material at normal temperature, low temperature and high temperature are ensured, and the control of low S and P and low residual elements Ti, co, cu, as, N, H and O ensures the purity of the raw material.
The forging process adopts vacuum induction and protective atmosphere electroslag remelting and smelting, controls the macrostructure and nonmetallic inclusions of the steel material for the forged steel brake disc of the high-speed train at the speed of 350km or more by using the vacuum induction and protective atmosphere electroslag remelting and smelting technology, ensures that the steel material for the forged steel brake disc of the high-speed train at the speed of 350km or more has fine grain size, uniform structure, good normal temperature performance, low temperature performance and high temperature performance by creative matching of various elements and matching of the forging process, and meets various performance requirements of the forged brake disc of the high-speed train at the speed of 350km or more.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific embodiments.
The steel material for forging the high-speed railway brake disc with the speed per hour of 350km or more comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c:0.25-0.29%; si:0.2-0.35%; mn:0.6-0.9%; cr:2.1-2.5%; mo:0.9 to 1.1 percent; v:0.2 to 0.3 percent; al:0.02-0.04%; nb:0.05-0.08%; the balance of iron and other elements, and the other elements are residual trace elements.
The residual trace elements comprise Ti, co, cu, as, N, H, O, P and S, wherein the mass percent of Ti is less than or equal to 0.02%; the mass percent of Co is less than or equal to 0.20 percent; cu mass percent is less than or equal to 0.20 percent; the mass percent of As is less than or equal to 0.02 percent; n is less than or equal to 90 multiplied by 10 in percentage by mass -6 %; h is less than or equal to 1.5 multiplied by 10 in percentage by mass -6 Percent; o is less than or equal to 18 multiplied by 10 in percentage by mass -6 %; the mass percent of P is less than or equal to 0.015 percent; the mass percent of S is less than or equal to 0.008 percent.
In order to further improve the performance of the steel material for forging the high-speed steel brake disc with the speed per hour of 350km or more, the Cr mass percent is preferably 2.11-2.49%; more preferably, the Cr content is 2.31 to 2.45% by mass.
In order to further improve the performance of the steel material for forging the high-speed railway brake disc with the speed per hour of 350km or more, the Mo is preferably 0.92-1.08% by mass; more preferably, the Mo accounts for 1.0 to 1.07% by mass.
In order to further improve the performance of the steel material for forging the high-speed railway brake disc with the speed per hour of 350km or more, the Al is preferably 0.02 to 0.035 percent by mass; more preferably, the Al content is 0.025 to 0.030% by mass.
In order to further improve the performance of the steel material for forging the high-speed railway brake disc with the speed per hour of 350km or more, the mass percent of Nb is preferably 0.05-0.079%; more preferably, the mass percentage of Nb is 0.065-0.075%.
The invention also provides specific preferred embodiments, namely embodiment 1 to embodiment 4 in sequence, and the chemical compositions of the specific preferred embodiments are shown in the following table 2.
The residual trace elements in the embodiments 1 to 4 comprise Ti, co, cu, as, N, H, O, P and S, wherein the mass fraction of Ti is less than or equal to 0.02%; the mass fraction of Co is less than or equal to 0.20 percent; the mass fraction of Cu is less than or equal to 0.20 percent; the mass fraction of As is less than or equal to 0.02 percent; n mass fraction of 90 x 10 or less -6 Percent; h mass fraction of 1.5X 10 or less -6 Percent; o mass fraction of 18X 10 or less -6 Percent; the mass fraction of P is less than or equal to 0.015 percent; the mass fraction of S is less than or equal to 0.008 percent.
The forging process of the steel material for the forged steel brake disc of the high-speed train with the speed of 350km/h and above comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the raw materials according to the formula proportion of the embodiment 1-4, then putting the raw materials into a vacuum furnace for smelting, and carrying out stokehole test and in-furnace test in the process; and carrying out electroslag remelting after the test is carried out after the furnace, and cooling to obtain the steel ingot.
(2) And (3) putting the steel ingot into an electric furnace, preserving the heat of the steel ingot for 5 hours in the electric furnace at the temperature of 920 ℃, and annealing the steel ingot along with furnace cooling.
(3) And (3) placing the annealed steel ingot in a gas furnace, keeping the temperature of the gas furnace at 1150 ℃ for 3 hours, repeatedly upsetting, drawing and forging under the condition that the finish forging temperature is not lower than 800 ℃, wherein the forging ratio is not less than 3, and obtaining a bar stock with the diameter of phi 260mm after forging.
(4) Keeping the temperature of the bar stock with the diameter of 260mm in a furnace with the temperature of 730 ℃ for 4 hours, discharging the bar stock out of the furnace, cooling and normalizing.
(5) And (3) putting the normalized bar with the diameter of 260mm into an electric furnace with the temperature of 850-890 ℃, preserving heat for 7 hours, discharging, quenching in a 120-ton oil bath, and then placing the electric furnace with the temperature of 600-650 ℃ for preserving heat for 12 hours for high-temperature tempering.
(6) And (3) turning the outer circle of the high-temperature tempered bar with the diameter of phi 260mm to the bar with the diameter of phi 250mm, and then carrying out magnetic powder flaw detection and ultrasonic flaw detection.
(7) Taking 2 sections of 220mm bar stock at two ends of a bar stock with the diameter of phi 250mm subjected to magnetic powder flaw detection and ultrasonic flaw detection respectively, and sampling 1 group of samples at each section, wherein each group of samples are 2-stretch, 1-low-power, 1-metallographic, 15-impact and 1-hardness test blocks.
And respectively processing the test blocks into test samples meeting the detection requirements, and then respectively carrying out hardness detection, normal-temperature performance detection, low-power detection, grain size detection, non-metallic inclusion detection, low-temperature performance detection and high-temperature lasting detection.
The macrostructure of the steel material for forging the high-speed railway brake disc with the speed per hour of 350km or more is shown in Table 3.
The macrostructure is measured according to the macrostructure and defect acid corrosion test method of GB/T226 steel, and the defects such as shrinkage cavities, bubbles, cracks, inclusions, peeling, white spots and the like which are harmful to the use of the material are not visible on the cross-section acid leaching test piece of the steel.
The nonmetallic inclusions of the steel material for forging the high-speed railway brake disc with the speed per hour of 350km or more are shown in a table 4.
The judgment of the nonmetallic inclusion is based on a microscopic evaluation method of the nonmetallic inclusion in GB/T10561 steel.
The grain size of the steel material for forging the high-speed railway brake disc at the speed of 350km per hour or above is not coarser than 8 grade according to GB/T6394 standard after forging heat treatment.
The mechanical properties of the steel material for forging high-speed steel brake discs of 350km or more are shown in Table 5.
The mechanical property test of the steel material for forging the high-speed railway brake disc with the speed per hour of 350km or more is carried out according to part 1 of a GB/T228.1 metal material tensile test: room temperature test method and GB/T231.1 Metal Brinell hardness test part 1 test method is carried out; the impact test is carried out according to the impact test method of the Charpy pendulum bob of the GB/T229 metal material.
As can be seen from Table 5, the alloy forged steel of the invention can completely meet the requirements of a high-speed train brake disc with the speed of more than 350km/h on the mechanical properties of the forged steel.
The high temperature endurance performance of the steel material for forging the high-speed railway brake disc with the speed per hour of 350km or more is shown in Table 6.
The high-temperature endurance test method is in accordance with the GB/T2039 metal material uniaxial tensile creep test method.
The steel material for forging the high-speed railway brake disc at the speed of 350km or more is forged and thermally treated to form a uniformly tempered sorbite with a metallographic structure.
The steel material for forging the high-speed railway brake disc with the speed of 350km or more is repeatedly upset and drawn at the temperature of 1150-800 ℃, and simultaneously does not crack under the condition that the forging ratio is more than or equal to 3.
The steel material for forging the high-iron brake disc at the speed of 350km or more is quenched at the temperature of 850-890 ℃, and after high-temperature tempering at the temperature of 600-650 ℃, the grain size and various performances meet the requirements, and the steel material has no cracks in nondestructive testing.
The macrostructures of examples 1-4 are shown in Table 7.
And (3) detection results: the cross-section acid leaching test piece of the steel has no visible defects such as shrinkage cavity, bubble, crack, inclusion, peeling, white point and the like which are harmful to the use of the material.
The nonmetallic inclusions of examples 1 to 4 are shown in Table 8.
The mechanical properties of examples 1-4 are shown in Table 9.
The high temperature durability of examples 1-4 is shown in Table 10.
The grain sizes of examples 1 to 4 were measured according to GB/T6394 standard and found to be 8.5 grade, 9.0 grade, 8.5 grade and 9.0 grade.
The mechanical property differences between inventive example 1 and the comparative example are shown in table 11 below.
As can be seen from Table 11, the mechanical properties of the steel material prepared by the preferred embodiment of the present invention are superior to those of the prior art through scientific and reasonable proportioning of various alloy elements. In particular, the steel material according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention has tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and reduction of area, low temperature impact properties, and high temperature durability, which are significantly higher than those of the prior art.
The brake disc raw material provided by the invention has excellent macrostructure through a reasonable formula and a forging process, and the crystal granularity, the normal temperature performance, the high temperature performance, the low temperature performance and the metallographic structure can completely meet the requirements of being used as a raw material for forging and heat treatment of a high-speed railway brake disc with the speed per hour of 350km or more.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is intended to cover any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The steel material for the high-speed railway forged brake disc with the speed per hour of 350km or more is characterized in that the brake disc is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: c:0.25-0.29%, si:0.2-0.35%, mn:0.6-0.9%, cr:2.1-2.5%, mo:0.9-1.1%, V:0.2-0.3%, al:0.02 to 0.04%, nb:0.05-0.08 percent of iron and other elements, and the other elements are residual trace elements, wherein the residual trace elements comprise Ti, co, cu, as, N, H, O, P and S, and the mass percent of Ti is less than or equal to 0.02 percent; the mass percent of Co is less than or equal to 0.20 percent; cu mass percent is less than or equal to 0.20 percent; the mass percent of As is less than or equal to 0.02 percent; n is less than or equal to 90 multiplied by 10 in percentage by mass -6 Percent; h is less than or equal to 1.5 multiplied by 10 in percentage by mass -6 %; o is less than or equal to 18 multiplied by 10 in percentage by mass -6 Percent; the mass percent of P is less than or equal to 0.015 percent; the mass percent of S is less than or equal to 0.008 percent; the forging process of the steel material for the high-speed railway forged brake disc with the speed per hour of 350km or more comprises the following steps of:
(1) Weighing raw materials according to a formula ratio, putting the raw materials into a vacuum furnace for smelting, carrying out stokehole test and in-furnace test in the process, carrying out electroslag remelting after the in-furnace test, and cooling to obtain a steel ingot;
(2) Putting the steel ingot into an electric furnace, keeping the temperature of the electric furnace at 920 ℃ for 5 hours, and annealing the steel ingot along with furnace cooling;
(3) Placing the annealed steel ingot in a gas furnace, keeping the temperature of the gas furnace at 1150 ℃ for 3 hours, repeatedly upsetting, drawing and forging under the condition that the finish forging temperature is not lower than 800 ℃, wherein the forging ratio is not less than 3, and obtaining a bar with the diameter of phi 260mm after forging;
(4) Keeping the temperature of the phi 260mm bar stock in a furnace at 730 ℃ for 4 hours, discharging the bar stock out of the furnace, cooling and normalizing the bar stock;
(5) And (3) putting the normalized bar stock with the diameter of 260mm into an electric furnace with the temperature of 850-890 ℃, preserving heat for 7 hours, discharging, quenching in a 120-ton oil bath, and placing in an electric furnace with the temperature of 600-650 ℃ for preserving heat for 12 hours for high-temperature tempering.
2. The steel material for high-speed railway forged brake discs as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steel material has a speed per hour of 350km or more, and is characterized in that: the mass percent of Cr is 2.11-2.49%.
3. The steel material for high-speed railway forged brake discs as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steel material has a speed per hour of 350km or more, and is characterized in that: the mass percent of Cr is 2.31-2.45%.
4. The steel material for high-speed forged brake discs at a speed of 350km/h and above according to claim 1, wherein: the mass percent of Mo is 0.92-1.08%.
5. The steel material for high-speed railway forged brake discs as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steel material has a speed per hour of 350km or more, and is characterized in that: the mass percent of Mo is 1.0-1.07%.
6. The steel material for high-speed forged brake discs at a speed of 350km/h and above according to claim 1, wherein: the mass percentage of the Al is 0.02-0.035%.
7. The steel material for high-speed railway forged brake discs as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steel material has a speed per hour of 350km or more, and is characterized in that: the mass percentage of the Al is 0.025-0.030%.
8. The steel material for high-speed forged brake discs at a speed of 350km/h and above according to claim 1, wherein: the mass percent of Nb is 0.05-0.079%.
9. The steel material for high-speed railway forged brake discs as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steel material has a speed per hour of 350km or more, and is characterized in that: the mass percent of Nb is 0.065-0.075%.
10. The forging process of the steel material for high-speed railway forged brake discs at the speed of 350km/h and above according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the forging process comprises the following steps: the metallographic structure of the steel material after heat treatment is a sorbite structure.
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| CN103510024B (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2016-05-25 | 中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | For the alloy cast steel of brake disc of high-speed train and heat treatment method thereof and the brake disc of high-speed train manufactured by this alloy cast steel |
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