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CN114147385A - Copper-steel clad plate CMT fusion welding butt welding wire and preparation and welding method - Google Patents

Copper-steel clad plate CMT fusion welding butt welding wire and preparation and welding method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114147385A
CN114147385A CN202111423257.4A CN202111423257A CN114147385A CN 114147385 A CN114147385 A CN 114147385A CN 202111423257 A CN202111423257 A CN 202111423257A CN 114147385 A CN114147385 A CN 114147385A
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welding
powder
copper
wire
cmt
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CN114147385B (en
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褚巧玲
曹齐鲁
张敏
李毅
张�林
夏拓
赵鹏康
李继红
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Xian University of Technology
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Xian University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/308—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent
    • B23K35/3086—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent containing Ni or Mn
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a welding wire for CMT fusion welding butt joint of a copper-steel composite plate, which comprises a flux core and a welding skin, wherein the flux core comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-50% of Cr powder, 10-20% of Co powder, 5-10% of Si powder, 5-10% of B powder, 5-10% of Ce powder and the balance of Ni powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%. The welding wire is specially used for solving the problem of joint cracking in the butt welding process of the copper-steel explosive composite plate. Also provides a preparation method of the welding wire for CMT fusion welding butt joint of the copper-steel composite plate and a welding method for the copper-steel composite plate by adopting the welding wire.

Description

Welding wire for CMT fusion welding butt joint of copper-steel composite plate and preparation and welding method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal materials, and particularly relates to a welding wire for CMT fusion welding butt joint of a copper-steel composite board, a preparation method of the welding wire for CMT fusion welding butt joint of the copper-steel composite board and a welding method for the copper-steel composite board by adopting the welding wire.
Background
In recent years, due to the development of explosive welding technology, the preparation of large-area dissimilar metal laminated composite plates, such as titanium-steel, copper-steel, titanium-aluminum, titanium-copper and the like composite plates, has become possible. These explosive composite panels are highly appreciated by engineering practice because of their excellent properties of the respective metals. In the process of applying the explosive composite plate to engineering practice, the situation that butt joint connection cannot be carried out on the composite plate is avoided, for example, in the preparation process of structures such as pipelines and pressure containers, longitudinal seam welding and circular seam welding are needed. Therefore, the key to ensuring the safe operation of the metal laminated composite structure is to realize the high-quality connection of the butt joint thereof. In the process of butt joint of dissimilar metal composite plates, a transition layer welding seam is required to be used near the interface of the dissimilar metal composite plates so as to realize the connection between the dissimilar metal composite plates and welding seams of base metals on two sides. The selection of alloying elements in the transition layer weld needs to satisfy at least two conditions: (1) brittle intermetallic compounds cannot be generated with parent metals on two sides; (2) to ensure high quality metallurgical bonding with the parent metal on both sides.
CMT (Cold metal transfer), also known as cold metal transfer technology, has inherent advantages in the field of dissimilar metal welding due to low and controllable heat input in the CMT welding process, and is the preferred process for welding and connecting dissimilar metals in the engineering at present.
Aiming at the copper-steel explosive composite board used in the electrolysis industry, the invention designs and develops the welding material of the transition layer based on the metallurgical reaction characteristics between Cu and Fe, and adopts the CMT cold metal transition technology to carry out high-quality automatic butt joint connection on the composite board.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a welding wire for CMT fusion welding butt joint of copper-steel composite plates, which is specially used for solving the problem of joint cracking in the butt joint welding process of copper-steel explosive composite plates.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the welding wire for CMT fusion welding butt joint of the copper-steel composite plate.
A third object of the present invention is to provide a method of welding copper-steel composite panels.
The first technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the welding wire for CMT fusion welding butt joint of the copper-steel composite plate comprises a flux core and a welding skin, wherein the flux core comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-50% of Cr powder, 10-20% of Co powder, 5-10% of Si powder, 5-10% of B powder, 5-10% of Ce powder and the balance of Ni powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the welding skin is a pure nickel strip, the thickness is 0.3mm, and the width is 7 mm.
The granularity of the medicinal powder is 200-300 meshes, and the purity of the powder is more than or equal to 99.90 percent.
The filling amount of the medicinal powder in the welding wire is controlled to be 30-35 wt%.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is a preparation method of the welding wire for CMT fusion welding butt joint of the copper-steel composite plate, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: weighing the following medicinal powder in percentage by mass: 40-50% of Cr powder, 10-20% of Co powder, 5-10% of Si powder, 5-10% of B powder, 5-10% of Ce powder and the balance of Ni powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at the temperature of 200 ℃ and 250 ℃ for 1-2h, and removing crystal water in the powder; putting the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for fully mixing for 2-4 h;
and step 3: a pure nickel strip is used as a welding skin, oil on the surface of the pure nickel strip is removed by alcohol, the powder prepared in the step 2 is wrapped in the pure nickel strip by flux-cored wire drawing equipment, and the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the drawing of the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2mm is obtained;
and 5: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
in step 3, the pure nickel strip has a thickness of 0.3mm and a width of 7 mm.
In the step 1, the granularity of the medicinal powder is 200-300 meshes, and the purity of the powder is more than or equal to 99.90 percent.
In the step 3, the filling amount of the medicinal powder in the welding wire is controlled to be 30-35 wt%.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the specific implementation mode of the welding method of the copper-steel composite plate is as follows:
firstly, forming an asymmetric X-shaped groove at the welding position of a copper-steel composite plate, welding a copper side transition layer, adopting the welding wire for CMT fusion welding butt joint of the copper-steel composite plate, wherein a gap of 1.5-2.0mm is reserved in a butt joint test plate when the composite plate is welded, the welding process is in a CMT-pulse mode, the welding current is 200-250A, the welding speed is 30-35cm/min, and the preheating temperature is 100-150 ℃; then, turning the test plate, welding the steel side, adopting an ER50-6 welding wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, adopting a welding process CMT mode, setting a bottom welding current of 150-200A and a filling and cover welding current of 200-250A, and setting the welding speed at 40-45 cm/min; finally, the test plate is turned over, the cover surface welding of the copper side is carried out, an ERCuSi-Al welding wire with the diameter of 1.2mm is adopted, the welding process is a CMT-pulse mode, the welding current is 350A, and the preheating temperature is 200 ℃ and 300 ℃.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the concrete parameters of the asymmetric X-shaped groove formed at the welding position of the copper-steel composite plate are as follows: the angle of the steel side groove is 60 +/-5 degrees, the angle of the copper side groove is 90 +/-5 degrees, and the size of the truncated edge is 2-3 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method adopts the nickel-based welding wire to weld the copper-steel transition layer, and the nickel-based welding wire has better weldability with the bottom steel layer and the copper layers on two sides.
(2) The method adopts the CMT technology to carry out the direct fusion welding butt joint of the copper-steel composite plate, and the CMT is based on the cold metal transition principle, so the welding heat input can be accurately controlled when the copper-steel dissimilar materials are welded. When the nickel-based transition layer is welded, a smaller fusion ratio between the nickel-based welding seam and the bottom steel layer can be ensured; when copper layer welding is carried out, the characteristic of low melting point of copper can be used for realizing the fusion brazing effect of a copper welding line, and the fusion ratio is further reduced.
(3) The method firstly welds the nickel-based transition layer, and can ensure better weld joint forming when welding the copper cover surface on the nickel-based transition layer. The filling and the cover surface welding of the steel side are carried out after the nickel-based welding seam is welded, so that enough heat can be ensured during the welding of the last copper layer, the preheating time during the welding of the copper side is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved.
(4) The nickel-based transition layer welding wire adopted by the method realizes good metallurgical bonding with the bottom steel and the copper on two sides through the main element Ni. On the basis, based on Cr and Co elements in the powder, the toughness of the nickel-based weld joint is improved; the melting point of the nickel-based welding seam is reduced on the basis of deoxidation by depending on Si and B elements in the powder; the crystal boundary of the nickel-based welding seam is purified by the Ce rare earth element in the powder, and the high-temperature mechanical property of the nickel-based welding seam is improved.
(5) The welding wire developed by the invention has few varieties of powder and is convenient for large-scale production. The diameter of the welding wire is 1.2mm, the MAG/MIG welding and TIG welding can be carried out, and the adaptability is wide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a bevel formation of a copper-steel composite plate for use in the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sequence of butt welding of copper-steel composite plates in the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a nickel-based seam-welded profile of a butt joint of a copper-steel composite plate prepared in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a microstructure of a nickel transition layer weld joint of the nickel-based flux-cored wire prepared in embodiment 2 of the invention when the copper-steel composite plate is butt-welded;
FIG. 5 is a microstructure of an interface between a nickel-based welding seam and a copper layer when the nickel-based flux-cored wire prepared in embodiment 2 of the invention is subjected to copper-steel composite board butt welding;
FIG. 6 shows the fracture morphology of the butt joint welded in embodiment 2 after stretching.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a welding wire for CMT fusion welding butt joint of a copper-steel composite plate, which comprises a flux core and a welding skin, wherein the flux core comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-50% of Cr powder, 10-20% of Co powder, 5-10% of Si powder, 5-10% of B powder, 5-10% of Ce powder and the balance of Ni powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
The welding skin is a pure nickel strip, the thickness is 0.3mm, and the width is 7 mm.
The granularity of the medicinal powder is 200-300 meshes, and the purity of the powder is more than or equal to 99.90 percent.
The filling amount of the medicinal powder in the welding wire is controlled to be 30-35 wt%.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the welding wire for the CMT fusion welding butt joint of the copper-steel composite plate, which comprises the following specific steps of:
step 1: weighing the following medicinal powder in percentage by mass: 40-50% of Cr powder, 10-20% of Co powder, 5-10% of Si powder, 5-10% of B powder, 5-10% of Ce powder and the balance of Ni powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
in the step 1, the granularity of the medicinal powder is 200-300 meshes, and the purity of the powder is more than or equal to 99.90 percent.
Step 2: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at the temperature of 200 ℃ and 250 ℃ for 1-2h, and removing crystal water in the powder; putting the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for fully mixing for 2-4 h;
and step 3: a pure nickel strip is used as a welding skin, oil on the surface of the pure nickel strip is removed by alcohol, the powder prepared in the step 2 is wrapped in the pure nickel strip by flux-cored wire drawing equipment, and the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm;
in step 3, the pure nickel strip has a thickness of 0.3mm and a width of 7 mm.
In the step 3, the filling amount of the medicinal powder in the welding wire is controlled to be 30-35 wt%.
And 4, step 4: after the drawing of the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2mm is obtained;
and 5: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
The main alloy components in the nickel-based welding wire have the following functions:
ni element in the nickel-based welding wire is the main alloy element. The Ni and the main alloy element Fe of the bottom steel matrix are better in metallurgical bonding, and the Ni and the main element Cu of the copper layers on the two sides are also better in metallurgical bonding. Therefore, the transition layer weld joint is mainly selected from Ni element, so that the high-quality connection effect of the transition layer weld joint on the steel layer and the copper layer can be ensured.
The powder of the nickel-based welding wire mainly contains Cr element, so that the toughness matching of the welding line of the nickel-based transition layer can be effectively ensured. The metallurgical bonding between Cr and Ni is good, and no brittle phase is generated between Cr and Fe, Cu.
Co element is added into the nickel-based welding wire powder, so that the toughness of the welding seam can be further improved, and adverse effects on the welding seam due to Cr burning loss in the welding process can be supplemented.
Si and B elements are added into the flux core of the nickel-based welding wire, and the Si element can play a role in deoxidizing the welding seam, so that the tendency of generating pores of the welding seam is reduced. The Si and the B can obviously reduce the melting point of the nickel-based welding seam and improve the wettability of the welding seam and the base metal together, thereby ensuring excellent welding seam forming.
The Ce rare earth element is added into the nickel-based welding wire powder, so that the effect of purifying the nickel-based welding seam grain boundary can be achieved. Nickel-based welds typically form coarse austenite grains and have a high tendency to crack. After the element Ce is added, the crystal grain boundary can be purified, and the effect of grain refinement can be achieved, so that the capability of nickel-based welding line for resisting hot cracking is effectively improved.
The invention also provides a welding method of the copper-steel composite plate, as shown in fig. 2, the specific implementation mode is as follows:
firstly, forming an asymmetric X-shaped groove (as shown in figure 1) at the welding position of the copper-steel composite plate, welding a copper side transition layer, adopting the welding wire for CMT fusion welding butt joint of the copper-steel composite plate, and when the composite plate is welded, leaving a gap of 1.5-2.0mm for a butt joint test plate, wherein the welding process is a CMT-pulse mode, the welding current is 200-250A, the welding speed is 30-35cm/min, and the preheating temperature is 100-150 ℃; then, turning the test plate, welding the steel side, adopting an ER50-6 welding wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, adopting a welding process CMT mode, setting a bottom welding current of 150-200A and a filling and cover welding current of 200-250A, and setting the welding speed at 40-45 cm/min; finally, the test plate is turned over, the cover surface welding of the copper side is carried out, an ERCuSi-Al welding wire with the diameter of 1.2mm is adopted, the welding process is a CMT-pulse mode, the welding current is 350A, and the preheating temperature is 200 ℃ and 300 ℃.
The concrete parameters of the asymmetric X-shaped groove formed at the welding position of the copper-steel composite plate are as follows: the angle of the steel side groove is 60 +/-5 degrees, the angle of the copper side groove is 90 +/-5 degrees, and the size of the truncated edge is 2-3 mm.
Example 1
Step 1: weighing the following medicinal powder in percentage by mass: 40% of Cr powder, 10% of Co powder, 5% of Si powder, 5% of B powder, 5% of Ce powder and the balance of Ni powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at 200 ℃ for 1h, and removing crystal water in the powder; putting the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for fully mixing for 2 hours;
and step 3: a pure nickel strip is used as a welding skin, oil on the surface of the pure nickel strip is removed by alcohol, the powder prepared in the step 2 is wrapped in the pure nickel strip by flux-cored wire drawing equipment, and the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the drawing of the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2mm is obtained;
and 5: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
In the step 1, the granularity of each weighed medicinal powder is 200 meshes;
in the step 1, the purity of the powder is more than or equal to 99.90 percent;
in the step 3, the thickness of the pure nickel strip is 0.3mm, and the width of the pure nickel strip is 7 mm;
in the step 3, the filling amount of the flux-cored wire is controlled at 30 wt%.
The nickel-based flux-cored wire provided by the embodiment 1 is used for welding a copper-steel composite plate, the composite plate is provided with an asymmetric X-shaped groove, the angle of the steel side groove is 55 degrees, the angle of the copper side groove is 85 degrees, and the size of the truncated edge is 2 mm. When the composite board is welded, a gap of 1.5mm is reserved between the butt joint test boards. Firstly, welding a copper side transition layer by adopting the nickel-based welding wire, wherein the welding process is a CMT-pulse mode, the welding current is 200-250A, the welding speed is 30-35cm/min, and the preheating temperature is 100-150 ℃; then, turning the test plate, welding the steel side, adopting an ER50-6 welding wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, adopting a welding process CMT mode, setting a bottom welding current of 150-200A and a filling and cover welding current of 200-250A, and setting the welding speed at 40-45 cm/min; finally, the test plate is turned over, the cover surface welding of the copper side is carried out, an ERCuSi-Al welding wire with the diameter of 1.2mm is adopted, the welding process is a CMT-pulse mode, the welding current is 350A, and the preheating temperature is 200 ℃ and 300 ℃.
Tests show that the tensile strength of the welding joint of the copper-steel composite plate is 360MPa, and the elongation is 15%.
Example 2
Step 1: weighing the following medicinal powder in percentage by mass: 50% of Cr powder, 20% of Co powder, 10% of Si powder, 10% of B powder and 10% of Ce powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at 250 ℃ for 2 hours, and removing crystal water in the powder; putting the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for fully mixing for 4 hours;
and step 3: a pure nickel strip is used as a welding skin, oil on the surface of the pure nickel strip is removed by alcohol, the powder prepared in the step 2 is wrapped in the pure nickel strip by flux-cored wire drawing equipment, and the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the drawing of the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2mm is obtained;
and 5: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
In the step 1, the granularity of each weighed medicinal powder is 300 meshes;
in the step 1, the purity of the powder is more than or equal to 99.90 percent;
in the step 3, the thickness of the pure nickel strip is 0.3mm, and the width of the pure nickel strip is 7 mm;
in the step 3, the filling amount of the flux-cored wire is controlled to be 35 wt%.
The nickel-based flux-cored wire provided by the embodiment 2 is used for welding a copper-steel composite plate, an asymmetric X-shaped groove is formed in the composite plate, the angle of the groove on the steel side is 65 degrees, the angle of the groove on the copper side is 95 degrees, and the size of the truncated edge is 3 mm. When the composite board is welded, a gap of 2.0mm is reserved between the butt joint test boards. Firstly, welding a copper side transition layer by adopting the nickel-based welding wire, wherein the welding process is a CMT-pulse mode, the welding current is 200-250A, the welding speed is 30-35cm/min, and the preheating temperature is 100-150 ℃; then, turning the test plate, welding the steel side, adopting an ER50-6 welding wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, adopting a welding process CMT mode, setting a bottom welding current of 150-200A and a filling and cover welding current of 200-250A, and setting the welding speed at 40-45 cm/min; finally, the test plate is turned over, the cover surface welding of the copper side is carried out, an ERCuSi-Al welding wire with the diameter of 1.2mm is adopted, the welding process is a CMT-pulse mode, the welding current is 350A, and the preheating temperature is 200 ℃ and 300 ℃.
The test shows that the tensile strength of the welding joint of the copper-steel composite plate is 395MPa, and the elongation is 17%.
The nickel-based weld seam welded appearance diagram of the copper-steel composite plate butt joint prepared in the embodiment 2 is shown in fig. 3; as can be seen from the figure, the nickel-based weld formed well without macrocracks. FIG. 4 is a microstructure of a nickel-based weld, from which it can be seen that the weld is dominated by cellular dendrites. FIG. 5 is a microstructure of the interface between a nickel-based weld and a copper layer, from which it can be seen that the interface bonding is good and no cracks are generated. The tensile fracture appearance of the butt joint of the copper-steel composite plate is shown in figure 6, and it can be seen from the figure that the fracture is mainly of the shape of the bremsstrahlung pit, which proves that the toughness of the joint is better.
Example 3
Step 1: weighing the following medicinal powder in percentage by mass: 45% of Cr powder, 15% of Co powder, 8% of Si powder, 8% of B powder, 8% of Ce powder and the balance of Ni powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at 220 ℃ for 1.5h, and removing crystal water in the powder; putting the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for fully mixing for 3 hours;
and step 3: a pure nickel strip is used as a welding skin, oil on the surface of the pure nickel strip is removed by alcohol, the powder prepared in the step 2 is wrapped in the pure nickel strip by flux-cored wire drawing equipment, and the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the drawing of the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2mm is obtained;
and 5: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
In the step 1, the granularity of each weighed medicinal powder is 250 meshes;
in the step 1, the purity of the powder is more than or equal to 99.90 percent;
in the step 3, the thickness of the pure nickel strip is 0.3mm, and the width of the pure nickel strip is 7 mm;
in step 3, the filling amount of the flux-cored wire is controlled to be 32 wt%.
The nickel-based flux-cored wire provided by the embodiment 3 is used for welding a copper-steel composite plate, an asymmetric X-shaped groove is formed in the composite plate, the angle of the groove on the steel side is 65 degrees, the angle of the groove on the copper side is 85 degrees, and the size of the truncated edge is 2.5 mm. When the composite board is welded, a gap of 1.8mm is reserved between the butt joint test boards. Firstly, welding a copper side transition layer by adopting the nickel-based welding wire, wherein the welding process is a CMT-pulse mode, the welding current is 200-250A, the welding speed is 30-35cm/min, and the preheating temperature is 100-150 ℃; then, turning the test plate, welding the steel side, adopting an ER50-6 welding wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, adopting a welding process CMT mode, setting a bottom welding current of 150-200A and a filling and cover welding current of 200-250A, and setting the welding speed at 40-45 cm/min; finally, the test plate is turned over, the cover surface welding of the copper side is carried out, an ERCuSi-Al welding wire with the diameter of 1.2mm is adopted, the welding process is a CMT-pulse mode, the welding current is 350A, and the preheating temperature is 200 ℃ and 300 ℃.
Through tests, the tensile strength of the welding joint of the copper-steel composite plate is 388MPa, and the elongation is 21%.
Example 4
Step 1: weighing the following medicinal powder in percentage by mass: 42% of Cr powder, 17% of Co powder, 6% of Si powder, 9% of B powder, 5% of Ce powder and the balance of Ni powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at 240 ℃ for 1.6h, and removing crystal water in the powder; putting the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for fully mixing for 3.5 h;
and step 3: a pure nickel strip is used as a welding skin, oil on the surface of the pure nickel strip is removed by alcohol, the powder prepared in the step 2 is wrapped in the pure nickel strip by flux-cored wire drawing equipment, and the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the drawing of the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2mm is obtained;
and 5: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
In the step 1, the granularity of each weighed medicinal powder is 300 meshes;
in the step 1, the purity of the powder is more than or equal to 99.90 percent;
in the step 3, the thickness of the pure nickel strip is 0.3mm, and the width of the pure nickel strip is 7 mm;
in the step 3, the filling amount of the flux-cored wire is controlled at 30 wt%.
The nickel-based flux-cored wire provided by the embodiment 4 is used for welding a copper-steel composite plate, and the composite plate is provided with an asymmetric X-shaped groove, wherein the angle of the steel side groove is 55 degrees, the angle of the copper side groove is 95 degrees, and the size of the truncated edge is 2.4 mm. When the composite board is welded, a gap of 1.6mm is reserved between the butt joint test boards. Firstly, welding a copper side transition layer by adopting the nickel-based welding wire, wherein the welding process is a CMT-pulse mode, the welding current is 200-250A, the welding speed is 30-35cm/min, and the preheating temperature is 100-150 ℃; then, turning the test plate, welding the steel side, adopting an ER50-6 welding wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, adopting a welding process CMT mode, setting a bottom welding current of 150-200A and a filling and cover welding current of 200-250A, and setting the welding speed at 40-45 cm/min; finally, the test plate is turned over, the cover surface welding of the copper side is carried out, an ERCuSi-Al welding wire with the diameter of 1.2mm is adopted, the welding process is a CMT-pulse mode, the welding current is 350A, and the preheating temperature is 200 ℃ and 300 ℃.
The test shows that the tensile strength of the welding joint of the copper-steel composite plate is 372MPa, and the elongation is 25%.
Example 5
Step 1: weighing the following medicinal powder in percentage by mass: 48 percent of Cr powder, 19 percent of Co powder, 5 percent of Si powder, 6 percent of B powder, 9 percent of Ce powder and the balance of Ni powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent;
step 2: heating the medicinal powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at 250 ℃ for 1.3h, and removing crystal water in the medicinal powder; putting the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for fully mixing for 2.9 h;
and step 3: a pure nickel strip is used as a welding skin, oil on the surface of the pure nickel strip is removed by alcohol, the powder prepared in the step 2 is wrapped in the pure nickel strip by flux-cored wire drawing equipment, and the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the drawing of the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2mm is obtained;
and 5: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
In the step 1, the granularity of each weighed medicinal powder is 200 meshes;
in the step 1, the purity of the powder is more than or equal to 99.90 percent;
in the step 3, the thickness of the pure nickel strip is 0.3mm, and the width of the pure nickel strip is 7 mm;
in the step 3, the filling amount of the flux-cored wire is controlled to be 35 wt%.
The nickel-based flux-cored wire provided by the embodiment 5 is used for welding a copper-steel composite plate, and the composite plate is provided with an asymmetric X-shaped groove, wherein the angle of the steel side groove is 55 degrees, the angle of the copper side groove is 85 degrees, and the size of the truncated edge is 2.1 mm. When the composite board is welded, a gap of 1.9mm is reserved between the butt joint test boards. Firstly, welding a copper side transition layer by adopting the nickel-based welding wire, wherein the welding process is a CMT-pulse mode, the welding current is 200-250A, the welding speed is 30-35cm/min, and the preheating temperature is 100-150 ℃; then, turning the test plate, welding the steel side, adopting an ER50-6 welding wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, adopting a welding process CMT mode, setting a bottom welding current of 150-200A and a filling and cover welding current of 200-250A, and setting the welding speed at 40-45 cm/min; finally, the test plate is turned over, the cover surface welding of the copper side is carried out, an ERCuSi-Al welding wire with the diameter of 1.2mm is adopted, the welding process is a CMT-pulse mode, the welding current is 350A, and the preheating temperature is 200 ℃ and 300 ℃.
The test shows that the tensile strength of the welding joint of the copper-steel composite plate is 402MPa, and the elongation is 15%.

Claims (10)

1.铜-钢复合板CMT熔焊对接用焊丝，其特征在于，包括药芯和焊皮，其中药芯按质量百分比由以下组分组成：Cr粉40～50％，Co粉10～20％，Si粉5～10％，B粉5～10％，Ce粉5～10％，其余为Ni粉，以上组分质量百分比之和为100％。1. The welding wire for CMT fusion welding of copper-steel clad plate is characterized in that it includes a flux core and a welding skin, wherein the flux core is composed of the following components by mass percentage: Cr powder 40-50%, Co powder 10-20% , Si powder 5-10%, B powder 5-10%, Ce powder 5-10%, and the rest are Ni powder, and the sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%. 2.根据权利要求1所述的铜-钢复合板CMT熔焊对接用焊丝，其特征在于，焊皮为纯镍带，厚度0.3mm，宽度7mm。2 . The welding wire for butt welding of copper-steel clad plate CMT according to claim 1 , wherein the welding skin is a pure nickel strip with a thickness of 0.3 mm and a width of 7 mm. 3 . 3.根据权利要求1所述的铜-钢复合板CMT熔焊对接用焊丝，其特征在于，药粉的粒度均为200-300目，粉末的纯度均为≥99.90％。3 . The welding wire for CMT fusion welding of copper-steel clad plates according to claim 1 , wherein the particle size of the powder is 200-300 mesh, and the purity of the powder is ≥99.90%. 4 . 4.根据权利要求1所述的铜-钢复合板CMT熔焊对接用焊丝，其特征在于，焊丝中药粉的填充量控制在30～35wt％。4 . The welding wire for CMT fusion welding of copper-steel clad plates according to claim 1 , wherein the filling amount of traditional Chinese medicine powder in the welding wire is controlled at 30-35 wt %. 5 . 5.铜-钢复合板CMT熔焊对接用焊丝的制备方法，其特征在于，具体步骤如下：5. the preparation method of the welding wire for CMT fusion welding of copper-steel clad plate, is characterized in that, concrete steps are as follows: 步骤1：按质量百分比分别称取药粉：Cr粉40～50％，Co粉10～20％，Si粉5～10％，B粉5～10％，Ce粉5～10％，其余为Ni粉，以上组分质量百分比之和为100％；Step 1: Weigh the powders by mass percentage: Cr powder 40-50%, Co powder 10-20%, Si powder 5-10%, B powder 5-10%, Ce powder 5-10%, and the rest are Ni powder , the sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%; 步骤2：将步骤1称取的药粉，将其置于真空加热炉内加热，加热温度为200-250℃，保温时间为1-2h，去除药粉中的结晶水；烘干后的药粉放置于混粉机中进行充分的混合，混合时间均为2-4h；Step 2: Place the medicinal powder weighed in step 1 and heat it in a vacuum heating furnace at a heating temperature of 200-250 °C and a holding time of 1-2 hours to remove the crystal water in the medicinal powder; the dried medicinal powder is placed in a Mix thoroughly in the mixer, and the mixing time is 2-4h; 步骤3：采用纯镍带为焊皮，采用酒精去除纯镍带表面的油脂，通过药芯焊丝拉丝设备把步骤2制备得到的药粉包裹在纯镍带内，第一道拉拔模具孔径为2.6mm；Step 3: Use pure nickel strip as the welding skin, use alcohol to remove the grease on the surface of pure nickel strip, wrap the powder prepared in step 2 in pure nickel strip through flux-cored wire drawing equipment, and the diameter of the first drawing die is 2.6 mm; 步骤4：第一道工序拉拔完毕后，将模具孔径依次减少，最终获得直径1.2mm的药芯焊丝；Step 4: After the first process of drawing is completed, the diameter of the die is reduced in turn, and finally a flux-cored welding wire with a diameter of 1.2 mm is obtained; 步骤5：药芯焊丝拉拔完毕后，经绕丝机缠绕在焊丝盘上，最终密封在药芯焊丝真空包装袋内待用。Step 5: After the flux-cored welding wire is drawn, it is wound on the wire spool by the wire winding machine, and finally sealed in the vacuum packaging bag of the flux-cored welding wire for use. 6.根据权利要求5所述的铜-钢复合板CMT熔焊对接用焊丝的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤3中，纯镍带厚度0.3mm，宽度7mm。6 . The method for preparing a welding wire for butt welding of copper-steel clad plate CMT according to claim 5 , wherein in step 3, the pure nickel strip has a thickness of 0.3 mm and a width of 7 mm. 7 . 7.根据权利要求5所述的铜-钢复合板CMT熔焊对接用焊丝的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1中，药粉的粒度均为200-300目，粉末的纯度均为≥99.90％。7. The preparation method of welding wire for CMT fusion welding of copper-steel clad plates according to claim 5, wherein in step 1, the particle size of the powder is 200-300 mesh, and the purity of the powder is ≥99.90% . 8.根据权利要求5所述的铜-钢复合板CMT熔焊对接用焊丝的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤3中，焊丝中药粉的填充量控制在30～35wt％。8 . The preparation method of welding wire for CMT fusion welding of copper-steel clad plates according to claim 5 , wherein, in step 3, the filling amount of traditional Chinese medicine powder in the welding wire is controlled at 30-35wt%. 9 . 9.铜-钢复合板的焊接方法，其特征在于，具体实施方式如下：9. the welding method of copper-steel clad plate, is characterized in that, the specific embodiment is as follows: 首先在铜-钢复合板的焊接处开不对称X型坡口，进行铜侧过渡层的焊接，采用如权利要求1-4任意一项所述的铜-钢复合板CMT熔焊对接用焊丝，复合板焊接时，对接试板留1.5-2.0mm间隙，焊接工艺为CMT-pulse模式，焊接电流为200-250A，焊接速度为30-35cm/min，预热温度为100-150℃；接着将试板翻转，进行钢侧的焊接，采用ER50-6焊丝，焊丝直径1.2mm，焊接工艺CMT模式，打底焊接电流150-200A，填充和盖面焊接电流200-250A，焊接速度为40-45cm/min；最后再将试板翻转，进行铜侧的盖面焊接，采用ERCuSi-Al焊丝，焊丝直径1.2mm，焊接工艺为CMT-pulse模式，焊接电流为300-350A，预热温度为200-300℃。First, an asymmetrical X-shaped groove is made at the welding place of the copper-steel clad plate, and the copper side transition layer is welded, and the welding wire for CMT fusion welding of the copper-steel clad plate according to any one of claims 1-4 is used. , When the composite plate is welded, leave a gap of 1.5-2.0mm for the butt test plate, the welding process is CMT-pulse mode, the welding current is 200-250A, the welding speed is 30-35cm/min, and the preheating temperature is 100-150 ℃; then Turn the test plate over to weld the steel side, using ER50-6 welding wire, wire diameter 1.2mm, welding process CMT mode, bottoming welding current 150-200A, filling and capping welding current 200-250A, welding speed 40- 45cm/min; finally, turn the test plate over, and perform cover welding on the copper side, using ERCuSi-Al welding wire, the wire diameter is 1.2mm, the welding process is CMT-pulse mode, the welding current is 300-350A, and the preheating temperature is 200 -300℃. 10.根据权利要求9所述的铜-钢复合板的焊接方法，其特征在于，在铜-钢复合板的焊接处开的不对称X型坡口的具体参数为：钢侧坡口角度为60±5°，铜侧坡口角度为90±5°，钝边尺寸为2-3mm。10. the welding method of copper-steel clad plate according to claim 9 is characterized in that, the concrete parameter of the asymmetrical X-shaped groove opened at the welding place of copper-steel clad plate is: the steel side groove angle is 60±5°, copper side bevel angle is 90±5°, blunt edge size is 2-3mm.
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