CN114142583B - Hybrid power supply system - Google Patents
Hybrid power supply system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114142583B CN114142583B CN202111277455.4A CN202111277455A CN114142583B CN 114142583 B CN114142583 B CN 114142583B CN 202111277455 A CN202111277455 A CN 202111277455A CN 114142583 B CN114142583 B CN 114142583B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
- H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
- H02J1/10—Parallel operation of DC sources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/30—The power source being a fuel cell
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hybrid power supply system, which comprises a solid oxide fuel cell system, a lithium battery system and a controller, wherein the controller is used for controlling the solid oxide fuel cell system and the lithium battery system, the output end of a starting burner is connected with the input end of a first heat exchanger, and the output end of the first heat exchanger is connected with an SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) stack; the output end of the autothermal reformer is connected with the input end of the desulfurizer, and a second heat exchanger is connected between the output end of the autothermal reformer and the input end of the desulfurizer; the output end of the desulfurizer is connected with the input end of the high-temperature water gas converter, the output end of the high-temperature water gas converter is connected with the input end of the low-temperature water gas converter, a third heat exchanger is connected between the output end of the high-temperature water gas converter and the input end of the low-temperature water gas converter, the output end of the low-temperature water gas converter is connected with the anode of the SOFC electric pile, and the cathode of the SOFC electric pile is used for inputting preheated air. The invention has long working time, high reliability and quick response.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a hybrid power supply system.
Background
At present, commercial research on fuel cells at home and abroad is mainly focused on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs), but the PEMFCs also have a series of problems which cannot be solved at present, firstly, because the PEMFCs need to use expensive platinum as a catalyst, the high cost problem cannot be solved well: secondly, PEMFCs are sensitive to fuel pollution, require expensive and complex filtration systems, and increase cost and load mass; third, the PEMFC has a lower power density than other systems; finally, the hydrogen used by PEMFCs must be obtained by water electrolysis or hydrocarbon reforming, and there is currently no distribution infrastructure, which is costly and less safe.
The solid oxide fuel cell is a power generation device for directly converting chemical energy stored in fuel and oxidant into electric energy, and has the advantages of being widely concerned due to the characteristics of cleanliness and high efficiency, and having outstanding advantages in pollutant emission, fuel economy, vibration, noise indexes and the like.
Solid oxide fuel cells have high fuel flexibility, but their slow start-up response limits their application. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a fuel cell power supply system having a long operating time, high reliability, fast response, low cost, little pollution, and a simple fuel source.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a hybrid power supply system which has the advantages of long working time, high reliability, quick response, low cost, small pollution and simple fuel source.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
The mixed power supply system comprises a solid oxide fuel cell system, a lithium battery system and a controller, wherein the controller is used for controlling the solid oxide fuel cell system and the lithium battery system, the solid oxide fuel cell system comprises an SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) stack, an autothermal reformer, a desulfurizer, a high-temperature water gas converter, a low-temperature water gas converter, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a starting burner and a third heat exchanger, the input end of the starting burner is used for inputting fuel, the output end of the starting burner is connected with the input end of the first heat exchanger, and the output end of the first heat exchanger is connected with the SOFC stack; the input end of the autothermal reformer is used for inputting reforming reactants, the output end of the autothermal reformer is connected with the input end of the desulfurizer, and the second heat exchanger is connected between the output end of the autothermal reformer and the input end of the desulfurizer; the output end of the desulfurizer is connected with the input end of the high-temperature water gas converter, the output end of the high-temperature water gas converter is connected with the input end of the low-temperature water gas converter, the third heat exchanger is connected between the output end of the high-temperature water gas converter and the input end of the low-temperature water gas converter, the output end of the low-temperature water gas converter is connected with the anode of the SOFC stack, and the cathode of the SOFC stack is used for inputting preheated air.
Further, the solid oxide fuel cell system further comprises a catalytic combustor, a first drain valve and a water tank, wherein the input end of the catalytic combustor is connected with the tail gas discharge ends of the anode and the cathode of the SOFC stack, the output end of the catalytic combustor is connected with the input end of the first drain valve, the gas phase output end of the first drain valve is emptied, the water phase output end of the first drain valve is connected with the water tank, the cold end and the hot end of the third heat exchanger are both connected with the water tank, and the hot end of the catalytic combustor is connected with the cold end of the autothermal reformer.
Further, a second drain valve is arranged between the input end of the catalytic combustor and the tail gas discharge end of the cathode of the SOFC stack, the gas phase output end of the second drain valve is connected with the input end of the catalytic combustor, and the water phase output end of the second drain valve is connected with the water tank.
Further, the cold end of the first heat exchanger is connected with the water tank, and the hot end of the first heat exchanger is connected with the cold end of the autothermal reformer.
Further, the water tank is also connected with the cold end of the catalytic burner.
Further, the solid oxide fuel cell system further comprises a fourth heat exchanger, wherein the input end of the fourth heat exchanger is connected with the output end of the low-temperature water gas converter, the output end of the fourth heat exchanger is connected with the anode of the SOFC stack, the cold end of the fourth heat exchanger is used for inputting air, and the hot end of the fourth heat exchanger is connected with the cathode of the SOFC stack.
Further, a first valve is arranged between the output end of the fourth heat exchanger and the anode of the SOFC stack.
Further, the output end of the fourth heat exchanger is also connected with the input end of the catalytic combustor, and a second valve is arranged between the output end of the fourth heat exchanger and the input end of the catalytic combustor.
Further, the solid oxide fuel cell system further comprises a cooling fan unit for cooling the SOFC stack, and the cooling fan unit is connected with the SOFC stack.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a hybrid power supply system, which aims to solve the problem of slow response of an SOFC (solid oxide Fuel cell) when in use and comprises a solid oxide fuel cell system and a lithium cell system. During system start-up, on the one hand, the controller controls the lithium battery to supply power to the load; on the other hand, the controller controls the start-up burner provided inside the solid oxide fuel cell system to start operation. The internal of the starting burner is provided with an electric spark igniter, diesel oil and excessive air are fully mixed in the starting burner during operation and are ignited by the electric spark igniter, generated heat is transferred to the autothermal reforming reactor and the solid oxide fuel cell stack through the combustion tail gas through the heat exchanger, so that the autothermal reforming reactor reaches the designed working temperature (600-10000 ℃), and meanwhile, enough hydrogen-rich fuel can be generated during the secondary period of the autothermal reforming reactor, and the hydrogen-rich fuel can be directly used for the solid oxide fuel cell to accelerate the response of the whole mixed power supply system. During the operation, the diesel oil is uniformly combusted in the starting burner in an excessive air ratio, and the generated high-temperature tail gas exchanges heat with water through the first heat exchanger to generate sufficient steam which is respectively used as a heat exchange medium and a reforming reactant to be provided to the autothermal reformer; the diesel oil is reformed into hydrogen-rich gas containing more CO through an autothermal reformer, and the hydrogen-rich gas is converted into hydrogen-rich fuel with extremely low CO concentration through a desulfurizer, a high-temperature water gas converter and a low-temperature water gas converter in sequence, so that the use requirement of a solid oxide fuel cell is met; a second heat exchanger is connected between the autothermal reformer and the desulfurizer, the hydrogen-rich gas at the outlet of the autothermal reformer exchanges heat with cooling water in the second heat exchanger, the temperature is reduced to 600 ℃, and the hydrogen-rich gas enters the desulfurizer to remove sulfur in the hydrogen-rich gas; the reaction temperature of the desulfurizer is similar to that of the high temperature water gas converter, so that the hydrogen-rich gas can directly enter the high temperature water gas converter after desulfurization. In order to further remove CO in the hydrogen-rich gas, the hydrogen-rich gas treated by the high temperature water gas converter also needs to enter the low temperature water gas converter for further reaction. The output hydrogen-rich gas from the high temperature water gas converter exchanges heat with cooling water in a third heat exchanger, the temperature is reduced to 600 ℃, and then the hydrogen-rich gas enters the low temperature water gas converter to further reduce the content of CO, is converted into hydrogen-rich fuel which can be used by a solid oxide fuel cell, and is introduced into an anode chamber of the SOFC stack. Meanwhile, preheated air is input into the cathode chamber of the SOFC stack, so that the solid oxide fuel cell system can work normally at 600-800 ℃ rapidly and continuously output power.
Further, the solid oxide fuel cell system further comprises a catalytic combustor, a first drain valve and a water tank, wherein the input end of the catalytic combustor is connected with the tail gas discharge end of the anode and the cathode of the SOFC stack, the output end of the catalytic combustor is connected with the input end of the first drain valve, the gas phase output end of the first drain valve is emptied, the water phase output end of the first drain valve is connected with the water tank, the cold end and the hot end of the third heat exchanger are both connected with the water tank, and the hot end of the catalytic combustor is connected with the cold end of the autothermal reformer. The catalytic burner is a solid oxide fuel cell stack tail gas treatment device, and tail gas discharged from two poles of the fuel cell is completely combusted in the catalytic burner; during system start-up, reformate is directed through a bypass line into a catalytic combustor where the total amount of reformate is combusted at an excess air ratio to avoid reactor overheating; the tail gas at the outlet end of the catalytic combustor passes through a first drain valve, the gas phase is directly emptied, and the water returns to the water tank through a pipeline. That is, during system start-up, reformate is directed through a bypass line into the catalytic burner where the total amount of reformate is burned at an excess air ratio to avoid reactor overheating; the tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell and the reforming product which cannot be used during the system starting are combusted with excessive air to generate a large amount of high-temperature tail gas, and the high-temperature tail gas exchanges heat with water in a heat exchange pipeline which is arranged outside the catalytic combustor through a pipeline, so that heat supply steam is generated to supply heat for the self-heating solid oxide fuel cell system.
Further, water generated in the cathode chamber of the SOFC stack can be separated through a second drain valve, the gas phase output end of the second drain valve is connected with the catalytic burner, and the water phase output end of the second drain valve is connected with the water tank, so that the water self-holding of the whole system is ensured.
Further, the cold end of the first heat exchanger is connected with the water tank, the hot end of the first heat exchanger is connected with the cold end of the autothermal reformer, water in the water tank is subjected to heat exchange with high-temperature tail gas discharged by the starting burner through the first heat exchanger, is converted into high-temperature steam, and is then introduced into the heat exchange layer of the autothermal reformer to heat the autothermal reformer.
Further, the water tank is also connected with the cold end of the catalytic burner, and water in the water tank is directly communicated into the tubular heat exchanger on the outer wall of the catalytic burner to exchange heat with the catalytic burner and is used as a coolant to prevent the catalytic burner from overheating; meanwhile, the heated water is used as a heat exchange medium to exchange heat for the autothermal reformer.
Further, the solid oxide fuel cell system further comprises a fourth heat exchanger, wherein the input end of the fourth heat exchanger is connected with the output end of the low-temperature water gas converter, the output end of the fourth heat exchanger is connected with the anode of the SOFC stack, the cold end of the fourth heat exchanger is used for inputting air, the hot end of the fourth heat exchanger is connected with the cathode of the SOFC stack, and the reformate at the outlet of the water gas shift reactor is cooled before entering the anode chamber of the solid oxide fuel cell through the fourth heat exchanger and preheats the air entering the cathode chamber.
Further, a first valve is arranged between the output end of the fourth heat exchanger and the anode of the SOFC stack, the first valve is controlled by a controller to control the supply of hydrogen-rich fuel gas of the SOFC stack during the start-up and the stop of the system, and particularly, the first valve is closed during the start-up of the system so as to prevent the fuel gas with higher carbon content from polluting the anode of the SOFC stack.
Further, the output end of the fourth heat exchanger is also connected with the input end of the catalytic combustor, a second valve is arranged between the output end of the fourth heat exchanger and the input end of the catalytic combustor, the second valve is controlled by the controller to be opened during system starting, and reformate output by the fourth heat exchanger is guided into the catalytic combustor through the second valve.
Furthermore, the cooling fan unit is adopted to radiate the SOFC stack and simultaneously provide air required by the cathode chamber reaction, so that the auxiliary parts of the whole air cooling device are fewer, the system integration level is improved, and the system weight is saved; when the solar cell system is used in extreme environments (such as deep sea submarines), a water cooling radiator, a coolant radiator and a liquid oxygen tank can be adopted to ensure the normal operation of the cell system.
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a solid oxide fuel cell system in a hybrid power system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an autothermal reformer in accordance with the present invention.
In the figure: 1-SOFC stack; a 2-autothermal reformer; 3-desulfurizer; 4-high temperature water gas converter; 5-a low temperature water gas shift converter; 6-cooling fan units; 7-a first heat exchanger; 8-a second heat exchanger; 9-starting the burner; 10-a third heat exchanger; 11-a catalytic burner; 12-a water tank; 13-fourth heat exchanger; 14-a first valve; 15-a second valve; 16-a first drain valve; 17-a second trap; 18-fuel pressure swirl nozzles; 19-steam inlet; 20-air inlet; 21-a fuel vaporization chamber; 22-annular air injectors; 23-steam pressure swirl nozzle; 24-a raw material mixing chamber; 25-a ceramic catalyst bed; 26-an insulating layer.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the hybrid power supply system provided by the invention comprises a solid oxide fuel cell system, a lithium battery system and a controller, wherein the controller is used for controlling the solid oxide fuel cell system and the lithium battery system, the solid oxide fuel cell system comprises an SOFC stack 1, an autothermal reformer 2, a desulfurizer 3, a high-temperature water gas converter 4, a low-temperature water gas converter 5, a first heat exchanger 7, a second heat exchanger 8, a starting burner 9 and a third heat exchanger 10, the input end of the starting burner 9 is used for inputting fuel, the output end of the starting burner 9 is connected with the input end of the first heat exchanger 7, and the output end of the first heat exchanger 7 is connected with the SOFC stack 1; the input end of the autothermal reformer 2 is used for inputting reforming reactants, the output end of the autothermal reformer 2 is connected with the input end of the desulfurizer 3, and a second heat exchanger 8 is connected between the output end of the autothermal reformer 2 and the input end of the desulfurizer 3; the output end of the desulfurizer 3 is connected with the input end of the high-temperature water gas converter 4, the output end of the high-temperature water gas converter 4 is connected with the input end of the low-temperature water gas converter 5, a third heat exchanger 10 is connected between the output end of the high-temperature water gas converter 4 and the input end of the low-temperature water gas converter 5, the output end of the low-temperature water gas converter 5 is connected with the anode of the SOFC stack 1, and the cathode of the SOFC stack 1 is used for inputting preheated air.
Specifically, the solid oxide fuel cell system takes diesel oil as fuel, the diesel oil is converted into hydrogen-rich fuel with extremely low CO content through an autothermal reformer 2, a desulfurizer 3, a high temperature water gas converter 4 and a low temperature water gas converter 5, the hydrogen-rich fuel is introduced into an anode of an SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) stack 1, and preheated air is introduced into a cathode of the SOFC stack 1 to generate electric energy to provide power for a load; the start-up burner 9 is used to provide heat to the autothermal reformer 2 and the SOFC stack 1 during cold start-up of the SOFC stack 1, allowing it to reach reaction temperature quickly, the start-up burner related piping being opened only during system start-up.
A second heat exchanger 8 is connected between the autothermal reformer 2 and the desulfurizer 3, the hydrogen-rich gas at the outlet of the autothermal reformer 2 exchanges heat with cooling water in the second heat exchanger 8, the temperature is reduced to 600 ℃, and the hydrogen-rich gas enters the desulfurizer 3 to remove sulfur in the hydrogen-rich gas; the reaction temperature of the desulfurizer 3 is similar to that of the high temperature water gas converter 4, so that the hydrogen-rich gas can directly enter the high temperature water gas converter 4 after desulfurization. In order to further remove CO in the hydrogen-rich gas, the hydrogen-rich gas treated by the high temperature water gas converter 4 also needs to enter the low temperature water gas converter 5 for further reaction. The output hydrogen-rich gas from the high temperature water gas converter 4 exchanges heat with cooling water in the third heat exchanger 10, the temperature is reduced to 600 ℃, and then the hydrogen-rich gas enters the low temperature water gas converter 5 to further reduce the content of CO, is converted into hydrogen-rich fuel which can be used by the SOFC stack 1, and is introduced into the anode chamber of the SOFC stack 1. Meanwhile, preheated air is input into the cathode chamber of the SOFC stack 1, so that the solid oxide fuel cell system can be operated normally at 600-800 ℃ rapidly and continuously outputting power.
The desulfurizer 3, the high-temperature water gas converter 4 and the low-temperature water gas converter 5 are all provided with electric heating wires and heat insulation layers outside.
As shown in fig. 2, the autothermal reformer 2 includes a main body including a fuel pressure swirl nozzle, a steam inlet, a fuel vaporization chamber, an annular air injector, a raw material mixing chamber, a ceramic catalyst bed, and a heat-insulating layer; the central ceramic catalyst bed layer is composed of a ceramic substrate with a laser etched runner, the surface of the ceramic substrate is coated with alumina and cerium oxide to increase the available surface area, a bimetallic catalyst is coated on the ceramic substrate to support ATR reaction, and a plurality of catalysts can be selected for coating to realize the catalysis of preparing synthesis gas by a plurality of fuels except diesel.
The autothermal reformer 2 directly carries out cold feed to air through the air feed inlet, and the air feed inlet is directly connected to the annular air injector, and the connecting pipeline is arranged in the steam pipeline, and superheated steam preheats cold air, and preheated air and steam as reaction raw materials respectively enter the raw material mixing cavity through the steam pressure swirl nozzle and the annular air injector. The controller can control the opening and closing of a plurality of feed inlets of the autothermal reformer, thereby controlling the temperature and proportion of each reactant in the autothermal reformer.
As a preferred embodiment, the solid oxide fuel cell system further comprises a catalytic combustor 11, a first drain valve 16 and a water tank 12, wherein an input end of the catalytic combustor 11 is connected with an exhaust emission end of an anode and a cathode of the SOFC stack 1, an output end of the catalytic combustor 11 is connected with an input end of the first drain valve 16, a gas phase output end of the first drain valve 16 is emptied, an aqueous phase output end of the first drain valve 16 is connected with the water tank 12, a cold end and a hot end of the third heat exchanger 10 are both connected with the water tank 12, and a hot end of the catalytic combustor 11 is connected with a cold end of the autothermal reformer 2. The catalytic combustor 11 is an exhaust gas treatment device for the SOFC stack 1 and the autothermal reformer 2, and the exhaust gas discharged from both the electrodes of the SOFC stack 1 and the autothermal reformer 2 is completely combusted in the catalytic combustor; during system start-up, reformate exiting the low temperature water gas shift converter 5 is directed through a bypass line into the catalytic combustor 11 where the reformate is combusted at an excess air ratio to avoid reactor overheating. The tail gas at the outlet end of the catalytic burner 11 is directly exhausted through a drain valve 16, and water is returned to the water tank 12 through a pipeline. The water in the water tank 12 is used as a coolant to be introduced into the cold end of the third heat exchanger 10, the temperature of the high-temperature reformate at the output end of the high-temperature water gas converter 4 is reduced to be suitable for the low-temperature water gas converter 5, the cooling water is connected to the water phase output end of the first drain valve 16 from the hot end of the third heat exchanger 10, and the cooling water returns to the water tank 12 through a pipeline, so that the water self-holding of the whole system is maintained.
Preferably, a second drain valve 17 is disposed between the input end of the catalytic combustor 11 and the exhaust gas discharge end of the cathode of the SOFC stack 1, the gas phase output end of the second drain valve 17 is connected with the input end of the catalytic combustor 11, and the water phase output end of the second drain valve 17 is connected with the water tank 12. The water generated in the cathode chamber of the SOFC stack 1 can be separated by the second drain valve 17 and then returned to the water tank 12, so that the water self-holding of the whole system is ensured.
As a preferred embodiment, the cold end of the first heat exchanger 7 is connected to the water tank 12 and the hot end of the first heat exchanger 7 is connected to the cold end of the autothermal reformer 2. The water tank 12 is a common device for providing a source of water vapor for the autothermal reformer 2, the high temperature water gas-reformer 4, and the low temperature water gas-reformer 5, providing working fluid for each heat exchanger, and recovering water produced by the fuel cell stack reaction. The water tank 12 adopts a polymer liner, a carbon fiber outer wall and a heat insulation layer, and is provided with a plurality of steam supply and water supply loops with heat preservation sleeves and a water filling/draining valve as an auxiliary body. During start-up of the solid oxide fuel cell system, diesel fuel is combusted uniformly in the start-up burner 9 in an excess air ratio, and the resulting high temperature tail gas is heat exchanged with water via the first heat exchanger 7 to produce a sufficient amount of steam which is supplied to the autothermal reformer 2 as heat exchange medium and reforming reactant, respectively.
The water tank 12 is also connected to the cold end of the catalytic burner 11 as a preferred embodiment. The water in the water tank 12 is directly communicated into the tubular heat exchanger on the outer wall of the catalytic combustor 11 to exchange heat with the catalytic combustor 11, and is used as a coolant to prevent the catalytic combustor 11 from overheating; at the same time, the heated steam is used as a heat exchange medium to supply heat for the autothermal reformer 2; the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the autothermal reforming reaction in the autothermal reformer 2 and the redox reaction in the SOFC stack 1 are exothermic reactions themselves in the steady operation stage of the system, so that a large amount of external heat supply is not needed, the start-up burner 9 is turned off in the steady operation stage of the system, and only the waste heat in the catalytic burner 11 is used for supplying heat to the solid oxide fuel cell system, so that the self-maintenance of the system is realized.
As a preferred embodiment, the solid oxide fuel cell system further comprises a fourth heat exchanger 13, an input end of the fourth heat exchanger 13 is connected to an output end of the low-temperature water gas converter 5, an output end of the fourth heat exchanger 13 is connected to an anode of the SOFC stack 1, a cold end of the fourth heat exchanger 13 is used for inputting air, and a hot end of the fourth heat exchanger 13 is connected to a cathode of the SOFC stack 1. The hydrogen-rich fuel at the outlet of the low-temperature water gas shift reactor 5 is cooled by the fourth heat exchanger 13 before entering the anode chamber of the SOFC stack 1, and the air entering the cathode chamber is preheated; the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the air to be introduced into the cathode chamber of the SOFC stack 1 is heated by the higher heat energy of the hydrogen-rich fuel in the outlet of the low-temperature water gas shift reactor 5, so that the two are at a proper temperature and enter the SOFC stack 1 for reaction.
As a preferred embodiment, a first valve 14 is arranged between the output of the fourth heat exchanger 13 and the anode of the SOFC stack 1. The first valve 14 is controlled by a controller to control the supply of hydrogen rich fuel gas to the SOFC stack 1 during system start-up and shut down, in particular, the first valve 14 is closed during system start-up to avoid contaminating the anode of the SOFC stack 1 with higher carbon content fuel gas.
As a preferred embodiment, the output end of the fourth heat exchanger 13 is also connected to the input end of the catalytic burner 11, and a second valve 15 is arranged between the output end of the fourth heat exchanger 13 and the input end of the catalytic burner 11. The second valve 15 is controlled by the controller to open during system start-up and reformate output from the fourth heat exchanger 13 is directed through the second valve 15 into the catalytic combustor 11.
As a preferred embodiment, the solid oxide fuel cell system further comprises a cooling fan unit 6 for cooling the SOFC stack 1, the cooling fan unit 6 being connected to the SOFC stack 1. The cooling fan unit 6 is adopted to radiate the SOFC stack 1 and simultaneously provide air required by the cathode chamber reaction, so that the auxiliary parts of the whole air cooling device are fewer, the system integration level is improved, and the system weight is saved; when the SOFC stack is used in an extreme environment (such as a deep sea submarine), a water cooling radiator, a coolant radiator and a liquid oxygen tank can be adopted to ensure the normal operation of the SOFC stack 1.
Example 1
A preferred embodiment of the present invention is a hybrid power system for a flying wing drone. The solid oxide fuel cell system comprises an SOFC stack, an autothermal reformer, a desulfurizer, a high-temperature water gas converter, a low-temperature water gas converter, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a start-up burner and a third heat exchanger. During system start-up, on the one hand, the controller controls the lithium battery to supply power to the load; on the other hand, the controller controls the start-up burner provided inside the solid oxide fuel cell system to start operation. The pipeline of the starting burner is opened, the input end of the starting burner is used for inputting fuel, the output end of the starting burner is connected with the input end of the first heat exchanger, the output end of the first heat exchanger is connected with the cold end of the SOFC stack, the input end of the autothermal reformer is used for inputting reforming reactants, and the reforming reactants are converted into reformate through the subsequent desulfurizer, the high-temperature water gas converter and the low-temperature water gas converter.
During this operation, diesel fuel is combusted uniformly in the startup burner in excess air ratio, the high temperature exhaust gas produced is heat exchanged with water by the first heat exchanger, sufficient steam is produced, and is supplied as heat exchange medium and reforming reactant to the autothermal reformer and SOFC stack, respectively, to rapidly reach the reaction temperature, and startup burner related piping is opened only during system startup.
When the self-heating reformer is used, the input end of the self-heating reformer is used for inputting reforming reactants, the output end of the self-heating reformer is connected with the input end of the desulfurizer, and a second heat exchanger is connected between the output end of the self-heating reformer and the input end of the desulfurizer; the output end of the desulfurizer is connected with the input end of the high-temperature water gas converter, the output end of the high-temperature water gas converter is connected with the input end of the low-temperature water gas converter, a third heat exchanger is connected between the output end of the high-temperature water gas converter and the input end of the low-temperature water gas converter, the output end of the low-temperature water gas converter is connected with the anode of the SOFC electric pile, and the cathode of the SOFC electric pile is used for inputting preheated air.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the solid oxide fuel cell system takes diesel oil as fuel, the diesel oil is converted into hydrogen-rich fuel with extremely low CO content through an autothermal reformer, a desulfurizer, a high-temperature water gas converter and a low-temperature water gas converter, the hydrogen-rich fuel is introduced into an anode of an SOFC electric pile, preheated air is introduced into a cathode chamber of the SOFC electric pile chamber, and electric energy is generated to provide power for a load.
As a preferred embodiment, the solid oxide fuel cell system further comprises a catalytic burner, wherein an input end of the catalytic burner is connected to an exhaust emission end of the SOFC stack, and the exhaust of the SOFC stack and the excessive air are combusted in the catalytic burner in an excessive ratio.
As a preferred embodiment, the cold end of the first heat exchanger is connected to the water tank and the hot end of the first heat exchanger is connected to the cold end of the autothermal reformer 2.
As a preferred embodiment, the water tank is also connected to the cold end of a catalytic burner, the hot end of which is connected to the cold end of the autothermal reformer.
The tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell and the reforming product which cannot be used during the system starting are combusted with excessive air to generate a large amount of high-temperature tail gas, and the high-temperature tail gas exchanges heat with water in a heat exchange pipeline which is arranged outside the catalytic combustor through a pipeline, so that heat supply steam is generated to supply heat for the self-heating solid oxide fuel cell system.
As a preferred embodiment, the solid oxide fuel cell system further comprises a fourth heat exchanger, wherein an input end of the fourth heat exchanger is connected with an output end of the low-temperature water gas converter, an output end of the fourth heat exchanger is connected with an anode of the SOFC stack, a cold end of the fourth heat exchanger is used for inputting air, and a hot end of the fourth heat exchanger is connected with a cathode of the SOFC stack.
As a preferred embodiment, a first valve is arranged between the output end of the fourth heat exchanger and the anode of the SOFC stack.
For the preferred embodiment, the output end of the fourth heat exchanger is also connected with the input end of the catalytic combustor, and a second valve is arranged between the output end of the fourth heat exchanger and the input end of the catalytic combustor.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the second valve is controlled by the controller to open during system start-up, and reformate output from the fourth heat exchanger is directed through the second valve to the catalytic burner.
As a preferred embodiment, the solid oxide fuel cell system further comprises a water tank, wherein the cold end of the third heat exchanger is connected with the water tank, and the hot end of the third heat exchanger is connected with the water phase output end of the first drain valve.
As a preferred embodiment, the output end of the catalytic burner is also connected to the input end of the first trap, the gas phase output end is emptied, and the water phase output end is connected to the input end of the water tank.
For the preferred embodiment, the cathode chamber output end of the SOFC stack is also connected with the input end of a second drain valve, the gas phase output end of the second drain valve is connected with the input end of the first valve, and the water phase of the second drain valve is connected with the water tank.
The cooling water passing through the third heat exchanger 10, the combustion product water of the catalytic burner and the reaction product water of the SOFC stack are returned to the water tank 12 through the pipelines by the first drain valve and the second drain valve, so that the water self-holding of the whole system is maintained.
As a preferred embodiment, the solid oxide fuel cell system further comprises a cooling fan unit for cooling the SOFC stack, the cooling fan unit being connected to the SOFC stack.
In the hybrid power unmanned aerial vehicle power supply system which can be started quickly and takes diesel oil as a fuel source and adopts a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), the working mode of the hybrid power unmanned aerial vehicle power supply system is divided into three stages, namely a starting/climbing stage, a cruising stage and a stopping/landing stage, and the power distribution of the hybrid power supply system is different in the three different stages.
As a preferred embodiment, the hybrid power supply system is responsible for the distribution of the output power of the solid oxide fuel cell system and the lithium battery system by the controller, which is also equipped with a DC/DC converter. The lithium battery is directly connected to the load bus, the controller estimates the state of charge of the lithium battery in real time by collecting bus voltage and lithium battery current, and the DC/DC converter current signal is given by the state of charge of the lithium battery, so that the output power of the fuel battery and the output power of the lithium battery are dynamically distributed, and the state of charge in the expected interval in the operation process of the lithium battery is ensured.
As an optimal implementation mode, an electric energy feedback absorption and utilization circuit is arranged between the solid oxide fuel cell system and the lithium battery system of the hybrid power supply system, the input end of the electric energy feedback absorption and utilization circuit is connected with the output end of the SOFC stack, and the output end of the electric energy feedback absorption and utilization circuit is connected with the lithium battery to regulate electric energy between the solid oxide fuel cell stack and the lithium auxiliary power supply, so that the system voltage is always kept in a safe range.
The invention discloses a working program of a hybrid power supply system for a suspension wing unmanned aerial vehicle, which comprises the following steps:
(1) In the starting/climbing stage of the unmanned aerial vehicle, collecting voltage, current, temperature and pressure signals of the SOFC stack and the lithium battery, judging whether the system works normally, if the system works abnormally, not running a program, and if all indexes of the system are normal, performing starting operation;
(2) Estimating the state of charge (SOC) of the lithium battery;
(3) The method comprises the steps of obtaining unmanned aerial vehicle load demand power through CAN communication with an unmanned aerial vehicle flight control system;
(4) The output power of the SOFC stack and the lithium battery is distributed by adopting a fuzzy neural network energy management algorithm;
(5) The data is saved to the local through the communication of the wireless transmission module and the upper computer;
(6) After the unmanned aerial vehicle starts/climbs up the mode and finishes entering and cruises the mode, adopt the energy management algorithm of the fuzzy neural network to distribute the output power of SOFC electric pile and lithium battery again, mainly provide the electric energy for unmanned aerial vehicle cruises by SOFC electric pile at this moment, the lithium battery basically does not carry on the discharge operation;
(7) When the unmanned aerial vehicle carries out a load reduction/landing mode, the output power of the SOFC pile and the output power of the lithium battery are distributed again by adopting a fuzzy neural network energy management algorithm, and the SOFC pile mainly provides electric energy for cruising of the unmanned aerial vehicle and carries out charging operation on the lithium battery.
Further, the use environment conditions of the hybrid power supply system are as follows: temperature: -10-45 ℃; humidity: <100%; elevation: 0-3000m; wind power: < stage 4.
Further, the starting time of the fuel cell is less than 5min, and the time for the solid oxide fuel cell to reach rated power is less than 1min in the starting/climbing mode when the ambient temperature is greater than 0 ℃; when the ambient temperature is between-10 and 0 ℃, the time for reaching rated power of the solid oxide fuel cell in the starting/climbing mode is less than 5 minutes.
Furthermore, the hybrid power supply system is integrated in a cabin with a round corner design outside and comprises fastening fittings, so that the hybrid power supply system is ensured not to damage the unmanned aerial vehicle during installation and is firmly connected to the unmanned aerial vehicle.
Furthermore, the surface of the integrated cabin of the hybrid power system is coated with the heat insulation material, so that the unmanned aerial vehicle is protected from being damaged by high-temperature components of the hybrid power system.
Furthermore, the control system of the hybrid power system is provided with a safety alarm program, and can monitor faults which can exist in the hybrid power system and judge dangerous situations.
Furthermore, the hybrid power supply system adopts the mode that the fuel tank and the water tank are arranged downwards, the hybrid power supply system is arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle flight platform in an upward mode, and the gravity center of the system is ensured to be balanced and the gravity center of the whole machine is reduced.
Example 2
A preferred example of the present invention is a hybrid power system for a small autonomous submarine that may be used for offshore survey, hydrologic mapping, port security and intelligence reconnaissance work; the solid oxide fuel cell system comprises an SOFC stack, an autothermal reformer, a desulfurizer, a high-temperature water gas converter, a low-temperature water gas converter, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a start-up burner, a third heat exchanger and a liquid oxygen tank.
During system start-up, the controller controls the lithium battery to supply power to the load and the input ends of the liquid oxygen tank are respectively connected with the input ends of the start-up burner, the autothermal reformer and the catalytic burner, so as to provide oxidant for the reaction therein. The method comprises the steps of controlling a starting burner arranged in a solid oxide fuel cell system to start working, opening a pipeline of the starting burner, wherein the input end of the starting burner is used for inputting fuel, the output end of the starting burner is connected with the input end of a first heat exchanger, the output end of the first heat exchanger is connected with the cold end of an SOFC stack, the input end of an autothermal reformer is used for inputting reforming reactants, and the reforming reactants are converted into reformate through a subsequent desulfurizer, a high-temperature water gas converter and a low-temperature water gas converter; after sufficient steam generation within the system to maintain system operation during system start-up, the start-up burner is stopped.
In this embodiment, during the operation of the solid oxide fuel cell system, diesel oil is converted into hydrogen-rich fuel with extremely low CO content through an autothermal reformer, a desulfurizer, a high temperature water gas converter and a low temperature water gas converter, and is introduced into an anode chamber of the SOFC stack, and a cathode chamber of the SOFC stack is introduced with preheated oxygen to generate electric energy for providing power for a load.
As a preferred embodiment, the solid oxide fuel cell system further comprises a catalytic burner, wherein an input end of the catalytic burner is connected to an exhaust emission end of the SOFC stack, and the exhaust of the SOFC stack and oxygen are combusted in the catalytic burner in an excess ratio.
As a preferred embodiment, the cold end of the first heat exchanger is connected to the water tank and the hot end of the first heat exchanger is connected to the cold end of the autothermal reformer 2.
As a preferred embodiment, the water tank is also connected to the cold end of a catalytic burner, the hot end of which is connected to the cold end of the autothermal reformer.
The tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell and the reforming product which cannot be used during the system starting are combusted with excessive oxygen to generate a large amount of high-temperature tail gas, and the high-temperature tail gas exchanges heat with water in a heat exchange pipeline which is arranged outside the catalytic combustor through a pipeline, so that heat supply steam is generated to supply heat for the self-heating solid oxide fuel cell system.
As a preferred embodiment, the solid oxide fuel cell system further comprises a water tank, wherein the cold end of the third heat exchanger is connected with the water tank, and the hot end of the third heat exchanger is connected with the water phase output end of the first drain valve.
The water in the water tank is used as a coolant to be introduced into the cold end of the third heat exchanger, the temperature of the high-temperature reformate at the output end of the high-temperature water gas converter is reduced to be suitable for the low-temperature water gas converter, the cooling water is connected to the water phase output end of the first drain valve from the hot end of the third heat exchanger, and the cooling water returns to the water tank through a pipeline, so that the water self-maintenance of the whole system is maintained.
As a preferred embodiment, the solid oxide fuel cell system further comprises a fourth heat exchanger, wherein an input end of the fourth heat exchanger is connected with an output end of the low-temperature water gas converter, an output end of the fourth heat exchanger is connected with an anode chamber of the SOFC stack, a cold end of the fourth heat exchanger is used for inputting oxygen, the oxygen is heated in the fourth heat exchanger, and a hot end of the fourth heat exchanger is connected with a cathode chamber of the SOFC stack.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the hydrogen-rich fuel at the outlet of the low-temperature water gas shift reactor is cooled before entering the anode chamber of the SOFC stack through a fourth heat exchanger, and oxygen entering the cathode chamber is preheated; the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the oxygen to be introduced into the cathode chamber of the SOFC electric pile is heated by the higher heat energy of the hydrogen-rich fuel in the outlet of the low-temperature water gas shift reactor, so that the oxygen and the oxygen have proper temperatures and enter the SOFC electric pile.
As a preferred embodiment, a first valve is arranged between the output end of the fourth heat exchanger and the anode of the SOFC stack. The first valve is controlled by the controller to control the supply of hydrogen rich fuel gas to the SOFC stack during system start-up and shut down, and in particular, the first valve is closed during system start-up to avoid contaminating the SOFC stack anode with fuel gas having a higher carbon content.
For the preferred embodiment, the output end of the fourth heat exchanger is also connected with the input end of the catalytic combustor, and a second valve is arranged between the output end of the fourth heat exchanger and the input end of the catalytic combustor. The second valve is controlled by the controller to open during system start-up, and reformate output from the fourth heat exchanger is directed through the second valve to the catalytic burner.
As a preferred embodiment, the output end of the cathode chamber of the SOFC stack is also connected with the input end of a second drain valve, the gas phase output end of the second drain valve is connected with the input end of the first valve, and the water phase of the second drain valve is connected with the water tank. The water generated in the cathode chamber of the SOFC stack can be separated by the second drain valve and then returned to the water tank, so that the water self-holding of the whole system is ensured.
As a preferred embodiment, the solid oxide fuel cell system further comprises a fifth heat exchanger, the tail gas at the gas phase output ends of the first drain valve and the second drain valve is cooled to the ambient temperature by the fifth heat exchanger and then discharged into seawater, and the fifth heat exchanger is a fin radiator due to the fact that the tail gas temperature is low.
In this embodiment, the integrated power management system includes a data acquisition module, a temperature control module, a pressure control module, a safety protection module, and a communication module. The data acquisition module acquires voltage and temperature parameters of each unit of the battery and total voltage and current parameters of the electric pile, and transmits data to the main chip for processing; the safety protection module prevents the phenomena of overvoltage and undervoltage, overcurrent, overdischarge or overtemperature and the like of the battery system; the communication module transmits information of the electric pile system to the submarine electric driver controller and receives instructions thereof to complete CAN network communication of the whole electric pile system.
In this embodiment, the rated power of the hybrid power system is 2kW, the maximum sailing speed of the small autonomous submarine is 6kt, and the small autonomous submarine can be kept in water for more than 20 hours at a speed of 3 kt.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited thereto, and that the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples: any person skilled in the art may modify or easily conceive of the technical solution described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent substitution of some of the technical features, while remaining within the technical scope of the present disclosure; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. The mixed power supply system is characterized by comprising a solid oxide fuel cell system, a lithium battery system and a controller, wherein the controller is used for controlling the solid oxide fuel cell system and the lithium battery system, the solid oxide fuel cell system comprises an SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) stack (1), an autothermal reformer (2), a desulfurizer (3), a high-temperature water gas converter (4), a low-temperature water gas converter (5), a first heat exchanger (7), a second heat exchanger (8), a starting burner (9) and a third heat exchanger (10), the input end of the starting burner (9) is used for inputting diesel fuel, the output end of the starting burner (9) is connected with the input end of the first heat exchanger (7), and the output end of the first heat exchanger (7) is connected with the SOFC stack (1); the input end of the autothermal reformer (2) is used for inputting a diesel reforming reactant, the output end of the autothermal reformer (2) is connected with the input end of the desulfurizer (3), and the second heat exchanger (8) is connected between the output end of the autothermal reformer (2) and the input end of the desulfurizer (3); the output end of the desulfurizer (3) is connected with the input end of the high-temperature water gas converter (4), the output end of the high-temperature water gas converter (4) is connected with the input end of the low-temperature water gas converter (5), the third heat exchanger (10) is connected between the output end of the high-temperature water gas converter (4) and the input end of the low-temperature water gas converter (5), the output end of the low-temperature water gas converter (5) is connected with the anode of the SOFC stack (1), and the cathode of the SOFC stack (1) is used for inputting preheated air; an electric energy feedback absorption and utilization circuit is arranged between the solid oxide fuel cell system and the lithium battery system, the input end of the electric energy feedback absorption and utilization circuit is connected with the output end of the SOFC stack, and the output end of the electric energy feedback absorption and utilization circuit is connected with the lithium battery system;
The solid oxide fuel cell system further comprises a catalytic combustor (11), a first drain valve (16) and a water tank (12), wherein the input end of the catalytic combustor (11) is connected with the tail gas discharge ends of the anode and the cathode of the SOFC stack (1), the output end of the catalytic combustor (11) is connected with the input end of the first drain valve (16), the gas phase output end of the first drain valve (16) is emptied, the water phase output end of the first drain valve (16) is connected with the water tank (12), the cold end and the hot end of the third heat exchanger (10) are both connected with the water tank (12), and the hot end of the catalytic combustor (11) is connected with the cold end of the autothermal reformer (2);
a second drain valve (17) is arranged between the input end of the catalytic combustor (11) and the tail gas discharge end of the cathode of the SOFC stack (1), the gas phase output end of the second drain valve (17) is connected with the input end of the catalytic combustor (11), and the water phase output end of the second drain valve (17) is connected with the water tank (12);
The cold end of the first heat exchanger (7) is connected with the water tank (12), and the hot end of the first heat exchanger (7) is connected with the cold end of the autothermal reformer (2);
The water tank (12) is also connected with the cold end of the catalytic combustor (11).
2. A hybrid power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that the solid oxide fuel cell system further comprises a fourth heat exchanger (13), the input of the fourth heat exchanger (13) being connected to the output of the low temperature water gas converter (5), the output of the fourth heat exchanger (13) being connected to the anode of the SOFC stack (1), the cold end of the fourth heat exchanger (13) being used for inputting air, the hot end of the fourth heat exchanger (13) being connected to the cathode of the SOFC stack (1).
3. A hybrid power supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that a first valve (14) is arranged between the output of the fourth heat exchanger (13) and the anode of the SOFC stack (1).
4. A hybrid power system according to claim 3, characterized in that the output of the fourth heat exchanger (13) is also connected to the input of the catalytic burner (11), and that a second valve (15) is arranged between the output of the fourth heat exchanger (13) and the input of the catalytic burner (11).
5. A hybrid power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that the solid oxide fuel cell system further comprises a cooling fan unit (6) for cooling the SOFC stack (1), the cooling fan unit (6) being connected to the SOFC stack (1).
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