CN114128654B

CN114128654B - Intertidal zone type multi-nutrition-layer aquaculture net field in offshore deep water area and aquaculture method

Info

Publication number: CN114128654B
Application number: CN202111397351.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张祖禹; 万玲; 郑伟; 张璐
Original assignee: Jiangsu Hailin Marine Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Jiangsu Hailin Marine Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-11-23
Filing date: 2021-11-23
Publication date: 2023-01-20
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-23
Also published as: CN114128654A

Abstract

The intertidal zone type multi-nutrition layer aquaculture net field in the offshore deep water region comprises an upper layer sea surface aquaculture net field, wherein a plurality of vertical floating supporting devices are fixedly connected to the upper layer sea surface aquaculture net field, the vertical floating supporting devices are connected through net ropes to form a middle layer aquaculture net field, hanging string type aquaculture base ropes are fixedly connected between the middle layer aquaculture net field and the upper layer sea surface aquaculture net field, and the hanging string type aquaculture base ropes are vertically arranged to form a middle layer aquaculture growth base. The aquaculture net field can automatically vertically float at high tide and always float on the sea surface, so that cultivated organisms such as seaweed and the like can receive sunlight for photosynthesis to absorb nutrients in seawater for reproduction and growth; the aquaculture net can automatically slide down at low tide, is dried and exposed to air after leaving water, removes bacteria and impurities, promotes material exchange, can realize multi-nutrient layer complementation and relay ecological culture by utilizing the aquaculture net, can increase both production and income, and can purify water quality, control environment and build a natural ecological system.

Description

Intertidal zone type multi-nutrition-layer aquaculture net field in offshore deep water area and aquaculture method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to an offshore deep water intertidal zone type multi-nutrition-layer aquaculture net field and a aquaculture method of the offshore deep water intertidal zone type multi-nutrition-layer aquaculture net field.

Background

In recent decades, due to intensive activities of people, the ecological environment of the ocean coasts is seriously damaged, the natural coastline is greatly reduced, and the artificial coastline rapidly and violently increases; besides the pollution caused by industrial wastewater and domestic sewage, various artificial inappropriate behaviors include: beach reclamation, high-density cultivation and the like further lead the water quality of the near-shore seawater and biodiversity resources to be in the 'overdraft'.

With global warming, the temperature of the shallow sea water rises quickly, which directly influences the propagation and growth of algae, shellfish and other organisms; nowadays, the most vigorous growth period of marine organisms growing near shore is obviously shorter and shorter, and diseases are continuously generated, such as: the seaweed has white rot, red rot, green rot and the like, the shellfish is easy to generate mud red disease and the like, and various miscellaneous algae erosion pollutions are also included, such as: the enteromorpha, ulva, diatom and the like cause the reduction of yield and even the loss of the cultivation, the loss is larger and larger, and the cultivation is difficult to carry out.

Along with market demand increase and the need of maintaining the environment, offshore deep water district ecological breeding is the only sustainable development way, and the deep water sea has the advantage such as pollute for a short time, the temperature is low, the water body exchange is big, the nutrient is sufficient, ecological environment is good, nevertheless, has high input, high risk, the success rate is low, the repayment is low scheduling problem simultaneously to, deep water sea breed climatic conditions are abominable: the method has the advantages that the wind is strong, the wave is large, and the trend is large, so that the multi-nutrition layer ecological breeding in the offshore deep water region can be realized only by an excessively hard, high-applicability and advanced breeding device and a breeding method.

In recent decades, people have been continuously moving towards offshore deep water areas in order to ensure harvest, and algae such as: a laver culture technology, namely a intertidal raft-type beach culture method (a little part of Nantong and Lianyun harbor are available) which starts from artificial culture; a support type cultivation method and an inserted rod type cultivation method of the zone under the tide; until now, a few successful roll-over cultivation methods, triangular frame cultivation methods, U-shaped tube cultivation methods and the like are applied, but the problems exist, such as severe weather environment, difficult implementation, development to a bottleneck and necessity of extensive innovation.

The existing culture method has the following defects:

1. all require manual operation; the seaweed attached to the net curtain is separated from water and dried, the labor intensity is high, and the operation on the sea surface is difficult; the exposure time is greatly influenced by weather and non-artificial factors, and cannot be controlled in time, so that the result that the seaweed is ill and not harvested, even harvested absolutely is often caused;

if the early intertidal zone is cultivated in a raft frame type, natural dew can be obtained, and the original ecological growth can be realized. However, because the water pollution in intertidal zones of the tidal flat is serious, the water temperature is high, the nutrition is lacked, the sea area space is small, and the influences of factors such as sudden climate and the like which often appear at present cannot be resisted, the cultivated marine products have short harvesting period, low yield, easy occurrence of diseases, poor quality and easy outmoded harvest, and the method is basically eliminated;

2. the wind wave resistance is poor; the inserted link length of the inserted link type cultivation is from six meters to twelve meters at the beginning to twenty-one to twenty-four meters at present, the overlong inserted link or pillar is used in the storm tide of the open sea, the inserted link or the pillar is easy to break, the loss is large, the seaweed laver cannot be lifted in time to be dried out of water and dried and aired, the disease is reduced, the pollution of the wild algae is caused, and in addition, the broken rod body brings new pollution to the sea;

3. when the dried dew is aired, the effect is poor, and the dryness is not thorough; the cultivation dew drying methods of turning type, triangular frame type, U-shaped tube type and the like are all characterized in that two floating supporting points are connected with each other to support a load, are extremely unstable in stormy waves and cannot be supported, and only the gravity center is excessively low and dew is dried; near the sea surface, the sea wind blows the water foam of the wave tips to be sprayed on the growth substrate net curtain, and the water foam is half-dry and not dry, so that the green algae, the diatom and other miscellaneous algae and germs can not be thoroughly eliminated, the quality of the seaweed laver is reduced, inorganic matters are less converted into organic matters during growth, the yield is reduced, and the seaweed laver is extremely easy to be harvested;

4. the production management has high dependence on human degree, high cost and poor natural growth conditions, so that the quality of the cultured aquatic products is poor, the yield is low, and the whole growth process needs manual adjustment and management; the labor cost is high, and the general labor cost accounts for more than seven of the total income;

5. the risk is high; farmers often speak about the laver culture industry as gambling, and due to the defects of culture devices and methods, the influence of natural factors is large, and if artificial management is slightly out of place, the influence of the nature cannot be resisted, so that the consequences of yield reduction or absolute income are easily caused;

6. vegetable harvesting and harvesting control is difficult; the cultivated seaweed laver often grows in the environment of a tidal zone in the method, is excessively grown in seawater for a long time to cause ulceration, has poor elasticity and difficult reservation during harvesting, and often has the phenomenon that the laver seedling is pulled up with roots, namely the laver seedling is frequently pulled away with a knife, and finally causes the final dead harvest;

7. the methods have the phenomenon that when the seaweed (such as purple seaweed) grows long, the seaweed is heavy to leave water, and the dry and dew strength is insufficient, so that the load performance of the device and the method is poor; the method adopts a 'hanging' or 'supporting' mode to drive the growth substrate to be exposed, such as: when the laver on the laver net curtain is long, the laver is separated from water and dried, the load is large, the dynamic load is difficult to control, and the device is unstable due to slightly large sea wave impact, the phenomena of damaging cultivation equipment and the like are caused, so that the cultivation fails; therefore, when the weather of strong wind and big waves is forecasted, the cultivation personnel can adopt a method of protecting the device without hanging or supporting, cultivated organisms cannot be dried and exposed in time, and can only be placed in water for a long time to be soaked for a long time, and the cultivated organisms are left to be washed by the wind waves;

8. when the wind is strong and the waves are heavy, the seaweed (such as laver and the like) growing on the growth substrate (a net curtain and the like) is easy to flush, so that the yield is reduced, and even the seaweed is extremely harvested; the first reason is as follows: the method is used for providing a growth mode of the cultured organisms, and the organisms are either continuously exposed for several days or even killed due to dehydration of the organisms caused by weather or human factors; or the leaves are soaked in seawater for growing for a long time, and the leaves expand to lose elasticity and have poor toughness; the second reason is that: the culture device can not synchronously follow or inhibit the fluctuation of sea waves by the above method and is caused by passive impact;

9. when the culture device is used, the resistance is large, the water body exchange is blocked, the culture device is connected into a culture field, particularly when the flood tide current flows in, the culture device always floats on the sea surface, the water body flows into the field, the organisms cannot absorb sufficient nutrients, the metabolites cannot be taken away in time, the ecological vicious circle is caused, and meanwhile, the produced resistance is easy to damage the culture device;

10. the natural intertidal zone growth environment cannot be completely built, and the healthy growth and normal evolution of the cultured organisms are influenced for a long time; when in artificial management, organisms can only grow according to the limited environment of the zone above the tide or the zone below the tide, and the original ecological healthy and vigorous growth environment cannot be completely provided;

11. the extreme climate change cannot be coped or resisted, and the normal growth of the cultured organisms cannot be met; when the temperature is reduced strongly in the early winter, the air temperature on the sea surface is suitable for the growth of seaweed (laver and the like), but the seawater temperature is relatively high at the moment and is not suitable for long-term soaking growth, and the manpower can not be used for timely dew management in tide each time, only the culture device can be soaked in high-temperature seawater for a long time, is not beneficial to the growth of cultured organisms, and is easy to scald particularly in the seedling period; in the time of deep winter, strong cold tides are suddenly generated sometimes to cause sudden temperature drop, the temperature of the seawater is stable, the exposed and dried cultured organisms are timely put into the seawater, but when the wind and waves are large, the workers cannot be timely managed, and only the organisms are frozen to cause production reduction or absolute harvest;

12. the ecological breeding of multiple nutrition layers cannot be realized, only single organisms (such as purple seaweed, undaria pinnatifida, kelp lobular and the like) can be bred, the water quality purification function of complementary breeding is not realized, the space utilization is low, the efficiency is low, the income is low, and the ecological environment pollution of the breeding sea area is easily caused;

13. the rod can not be applied to offshore deep water areas to realize seaweed cultivation, and when the length reaches twenty-three meters, the rod can be used for cultivation in muddy seabed sea areas with the water depth of twelve to thirteen meters; the overlong inserted bar is difficult to control and straighten, so that the resistance in water is increased, the deepwater aquaculture sea area is difficult to resist wind waves, the bar can be frequently broken, and the aquaculture organisms cannot be dried in the dew and air in time, so that the aquaculture cannot be carried out.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art and provides an intertidal zone type multi-nutrition-layer aquaculture net field which is suitable for an offshore deep water area and can automatically realize original ecological aquaculture in an intertidal zone mode by utilizing natural tidal seawater.

The invention also provides a method for cultivating the multi-nutrition-layer aquaculture net field in the intertidal zone of the offshore deep water area.

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved by the following technical means. The invention relates to an offshore deep water region intertidal zone type multi-nutrition layer aquaculture net field which comprises an upper layer sea surface aquaculture net field, wherein each cross point on the upper layer sea surface aquaculture net field is fixedly connected with an upright floating support device, a clamp with a bolt hole is fixedly installed on the upright floating support device, the clamp and the clamp are connected through a net rope to form a middle layer aquaculture net field, a hanging string type aquaculture base rope is fixedly connected between the middle layer aquaculture net field and the upper layer sea surface aquaculture net field, and the hanging string type aquaculture base rope is vertically arranged to form a middle layer aquaculture growth base.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme that for the offshore deep water region intertidal zone multi-nutrition layer aquaculture net field, the upper sea surface aquaculture net field is arranged on the sea surface by a plurality of transverse and vertical parallel floating ropes with the same length, so as to form a sea surface aquaculture net field sequentially consisting of a plurality of small rectangular meshes, and each of the transverse and vertical floating ropes penetrates through the whole aquaculture net field and is respectively arranged beside the aquaculture field and is connected and tensioned with a root cable for fixing the aquaculture field; one end of each corresponding root cable is tied on a seabed fixing device (such as a seabed fixing timber pile) which is a certain distance away from the culture net field, the other end of each corresponding root cable is tied with a large floater to float on the sea surface, and the corresponding transverse or vertical floating boom is connected and tensioned with the culture Tian Bian to form a rectangular culture net field which is tensioned and floated on the sea surface on four sides.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further solved by adopting the following technical scheme that for the offshore deep water area intertidal zone multi-nutrition-layer aquaculture net field, all cross-shaped cross points of transverse and vertical floating ropes which float on the sea surface in the rectangular aquaculture net field floating on the sea surface are mutually vertical, the floating ropes and the strands at the cross points are separated, then a section of thin rope passes through the separated transverse and vertical floating ropes and the strands, the transverse and vertical floating ropes and the strands are tied up and firmly and smoothly connected into a whole body, the whole rectangular aquaculture net field is composed of a plurality of uniform-size rectangular meshes, and then a plurality of seabed fixed root cables on the four sides of the aquaculture net field are used for tensioning the corresponding field Bian Fubing, so that the rectangular aquaculture net field floating on the sea surface is pulled flat and unfolded to ensure that the seaweeds cultured on a growth base always float on the water surface or are supported to be free from water. The length of the root cable is as long as possible, and the horizontal displacement range of the rectangular culture net Tian Sijiao splayed root cable is controlled by the full force of the rectangular culture net Tian Sijiao to ensure that all crossed cross points in the field are nearly zero in the rising and falling tide process or in any weather environment and can be generally controlled within a range of dozens of centimeters, so that the rectangular culture net field floating on the sea surface is controlled all the time and is only vertically and transversely immovable along with the tide without being impacted and beaten by the stormy waves, and normal culture is ensured in the stormy waves.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme that for the offshore deep water region intertidal zone multi-nutrition layer aquaculture net field, in the rectangular aquaculture net field floating on the sea surface, a corresponding set of suspension support devices fall below at cross-shaped cross points consisting of transverse and vertical suspension ropes; on one hand, the device can avoid the impact and beating of sea surface wind waves under the sea surface; on the other hand, the net field on the sea surface is subjected to a drop-pull action, so that the lifting of sea waves to the net field can be inhibited, and the wind and wave resistance of the cultivation device is further improved.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme that for the offshore deep water region intertidal zone type multi-nutrition layer aquaculture net field, each set of vertical suspension supporting device is a hollow tubular hollow supporting rod made of high-molecular high-strength anticorrosive composite materials and a hollow thin rod which is arranged in the inner cavity of the hollow supporting rod and made of the same composite materials, so as to form a drawing combination, and a plurality of plastic pistons which are uniformly distributed and fixed are arranged on the thin rod and penetrate through the inner cavity of the middle lower section of the hollow supporting rod; the plastic piston is tightly matched with the inner cavity of the hollow support rod, and can absorb and press air or seawater to generate damping hysteresis during working: the wind wave resistance of the invention can be improved; secondly, marine organisms cultured on the growth substrate can be prevented from being washed away; thirdly, the gas or the seawater can be exchanged from the water surface to the underwater bottom layer up and down, and the ecological environment of the culture sea area is treated and improved.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme that for the offshore deep water region intertidal zone type multi-nutrition layer aquaculture net field, the head end of the hollow stay bar is bound into a whole by a rope groove through a cross point which is provided with an anti-cracking fastening injection molding part with a rope groove and corresponds to the aquaculture net field, the hollow stay bar floats with the offshore aquaculture net field, the middle lower section of the hollow stay bar is controlled by a hollow draw bar with a plastic piston and inserted into an inner cavity of the hollow draw bar, and the tail end of the hollow draw bar is firstly a ball head consisting of two hemispheres, is arranged at the center of a support base tray corresponding to the sea bottom after being matched and clamped, is fixed with the support tray by self-tapping through a three-jaw gland with a hollow draw bar hole reserved at the top end, and is characterized in that: the tail end of a hollow draw rod with a piston is fixed on a tray at the top end of a submarine tubular pile along with each set of supporting device, and a tubular pile supporting foundation is fixed on the seabed below a corresponding cross point of a sea surface cultivation net field;

the upper end of the hollow draw-out rod and plastic pistons which are uniformly arranged and fixed are arranged in the inner cavity of the middle-lower section of the hollow support rod together, the top end of the hollow draw-out rod is provided with a sealing fastening injection molding part with a reserved hole, one end of the sealing fastening injection molding part is fastened by a section of thin rope with a through hole, the other end of the sealing fastening injection molding part is connected with the reserved hole of the anti-cracking fastener at the top end of the inner cavity of the hollow support rod to be fastened, and therefore the hollow draw-out rod is drawn out from the lower end opening of the hollow support rod to derail in case of high tide and heavy waves.

The hollow stay bar rises and falls with the sea surface cultivation net field or the wave peak and valley, the hollow draw bar is used as a slide way, and the upper and lower belts slide with damping; when the falling tide sea surface descends to promote the lower end opening of the hollow support rod to slide into the buffer groove of the seabed support tray, the hollow support rod gradually supports the ecological cultivation net field without descending along with the descending of the sea surface, and a plurality of support devices uniformly distributed below the cross-shaped cross point support the whole sea surface cultivation net field together and leave water to dry and dry.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme, for the offshore deep water region intertidal zone type multi-nutrition layer aquaculture net field, a ball head consisting of two hemispheroids is arranged at the center of a seabed support base support tray, when the tail end of a hollow draw bar is clamped and assembled, a through bolt is used for penetrating the tail end of the hollow draw bar and the middle of the ball head to be tightly fastened, so that the tail end of the hollow draw bar is prevented from being pulled out and separated from the clamped ball head, a three-jaw gland fastener with a hollow draw bar hole reserved at the top end is used for pressing the ball head and the center of the support tray, when the ball head end is tightly assembled with the center of the support tray, a reserved ball head moving space is reserved after fastening, when the head end of the hollow draw bar moves up and down along with the sea surface aquaculture net field or swings along with surge, the middle and lower section of the hollow draw bar is controlled in the center of the seabed support tray with a gap after the hollow draw bar is clamped and clamped, so that the hollow draw bar can move up and down with the hollow draw bar as a hollow draw bar tail end, the hollow draw bar freely, the tail end of the hollow draw bar, swing, the inclined swing, the ball head can swing, the device can be broken, the problem of the device can be further solved, the device can be deformed and the device can be durable, the device can be deformed by the stamping and the device for resisting the seawave stamping device for the device for resisting the seashore of the device for further, and the device for resisting the seashore.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme that for the offshore deep water intertidal zone type multi-nutrition layer aquaculture net field, a hollow thin rod made of another composite material in the inner cavity of a hollow support rod, namely a hollow rod in a support system, is inserted, a plurality of spindle-shaped plastic pistons are uniformly distributed from the head end to the tail end, the pistons and the outer wall of the hollow rod are fixedly combined in two halves, the pistons and the outer wall of the hollow rod are assembled by a fixing method of clamping with a rubber pad in a piston through groove, and the outer wall of the hollow rod is poked for positioning and fixing by positioning self-screwing of a tapping piston upper assembly, so that when the pistons and the hollow rod move up and down in the inner cavity of the hollow support rod together, the pistons and the hollow rod slide and jump mutually, and the functions of serving as a slide way, generating damping and buffering, driving water-gas exchange and governing the ecological environment of a aquaculture sea area are lost or reduced.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme that for the offshore deep water region intertidal zone type multi-nutrition layer aquaculture net field, a plurality of spindle-shaped plastic pistons are fixedly sleeved on the hollow draw-out rod, in order to ensure that the pistons can reliably and durably run in the inner cavity of the middle-lower section of the hollow support rod, the convex arc part of the piston and the inner wall of the hollow support rod are sealed and wear-resistant, and particularly, a plurality of piston ring grooves are arranged at the convex arc part, and wear-resistant elastic piston rings made of reaction-molded engineering plastics are embedded in the grooves, so that the requirements of sealing air and sealing water to generate damping and wear resistance can be met, and the offshore deep water region intertidal zone type multi-nutrition layer aquaculture net field can be used in seawater for a long time.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme that for the offshore deep water intertidal zone type multi-nutrition-layer aquaculture net field, an anti-cracking fastening injection molding part with a rope groove is installed at the top end of a hollow stay bar, the upper part of the hollow stay bar is a conical body, a plurality of rope grooves are arranged on the outer body from top to bottom in the circumferential direction and used for bundling and fixing cross points in the sea surface aquaculture net field, the lower half part of the fastening injection molding part is inserted into a top port of the hollow stay bar and is a cylinder, a plurality of protruding arc edges are arranged on the periphery of the fastening injection molding part and are tightly matched with an inner cavity of the hollow stay bar to play a role of sealing and preventing seawater from entering, and the joint of the conical body and the cylinder plug is made into a structure similar to a bottle cap, so that the outer wall of the port can be locked along with the inlet of the cylinder plug while the inlet of the top port of the hollow stay bar to prevent the port from cracking and is fixed at the top end of the hollow stay bar.

The top end of the conical body is provided with a through hole, the shape of the hole opening is the same as that of the outer wall of the hollow draw rod, a section of the hollow draw rod is vertically inserted into the hole for a little and fixed, a layer of striking reflective membrane is arranged on the outer wall of the hollow draw rod and used for reminding the position of a ship breeding net field in an offshore deep water area to avoid accidents, an adjustable one-way valve with a fixed rope groove is inserted into the upper end opening of the hollow thin tube, the buoyancy and the water sucking and discharging amount or the air flow when the hollow draw rod floats are controlled, the cross-shaped cross point in the breeding net field can be used as a cross point to be fastened and fixed with the fixed rope groove on the adjustable one-way valve, the water leaving height is increased when the integral breeding net Tian Gan is exposed, the dry exposure time is prolonged, and the correction is used for correcting the blocked breeding growth of the breeding organisms caused by the sudden weather.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme that for the offshore deep water region intertidal zone type multi-nutrition layer aquaculture net field, the aquaculture net field slides along the hollow pumping rod in low tide, and the lower end of the aquaculture net field is arranged in the buffer groove in the center of the seabed support tray to support the aquaculture net field to be free from water and dew. A bell-mouthed plastic hoop is arranged at the lower port of the hollow stay bar and is fixed with the lower port bar body through self-tapping, and the minimum inner diameter of the hoop is the same as the inner diameter of the port of the hollow stay bar; firstly, the lower port of the hollow support rod is prevented from being cracked and damaged when the tray is impacted by frequent landing; secondly, the plastic piston on the hollow draw-out rod is convenient to move smoothly and freely in and out of the lower port of the hollow support rod.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme that the fixed tubular piles inserted into seabed sediment and the seabed support foundation of the intertidal zone type multi-nutrition layer aquaculture net field in the offshore deep water area are replaced by the waste composite material short pipes broken and eliminated in the culture process of inserted rods or supporting columns and the like, so that the novel pollution can be eliminated, and the waste can be changed into valuable. The length of the pipe pile can be determined according to the hardness degree of the seabed foundation in the culture sea area; in order to make the pipe pile vertically inserted into the seabed mud layer support firmly, an inverted cone plastic shoe is sleeved at the lower end of the pipe pile, so that the supporting area of the pipe pile in mud is increased, and the pipe pile is prevented from settling; the supporting tray is arranged at the upper port of the tubular pile, and the sleeved pipe head part and the pipe body are screwed and fixed in a penetrating manner through self-tapping; the edge of the supporting tray is uniformly provided with a plurality of round holes, and when the supporting device is integrally inserted into the seabed, a rope penetrates through the lifting tray to support the lower port of the hollow stay bar, so that the supporting tray and the hollow stay bar can be conveniently inserted into a mud layer together for fixing; and secondly, the round holes can be used as fastening points for fastening the seabed cultivation net cage, so that the seabed layer cultivation of the multi-nutrition layer cultivation is realized.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme that when the seabed is inserted into each set of supporting device for fixing, the pipe pile is stressed and inclined in use, a mutual reinforcement is sleeved below the center of the back of the supporting tray along the pipe pile body, a fastener is injected into three inclined holes of a right triangle and a lower triangle, and the fastening position is tightly fixed with the required position of the pile body through a self-tapping jackscrew; the evenly distributed three-jaw inclined holes are respectively inserted into a section of matched short pipe, the inserted parts of the three-jaw inclined holes are fixedly penetrated with the hole wall through self-tapping filaments, and the lower port of each short pipe is also sleeved with a plastic shoe with an inverted cone and a small size, so that the supporting area is increased; the inclined downward regular triangle inclined support composed of three short pipes is inserted into mud together with the pipe pile for fixing, so that each set of support device is ensured to run more reliably, and the consistency of the direction of the support force generated by the support foundation for integrally supporting the aquaculture net field is ensured; because the regular triangle inclined support which can move up and down along the tubular pile is arranged, the whole foundation of the auxiliary support is firm; therefore, the pipe pile can be lengthened for use, so that the integral supporting base surface is higher than the seabed by several meters, the use length of the hollow stay bar can be effectively shortened, and the supporting strength is improved; meanwhile, the hollow support rods with the same length can be used, the use can be continued in deeper sea areas, the hollow support rods do not need to be replaced, the use is flexible and convenient, the use can be repeated, the ecology can be maintained, and a large amount of cost can be saved.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme that for the offshore deep water area intertidal zone type multi-nutrition layer aquaculture net field, the hollow support rod in each set of support device is used under the water surface, in order to enable the vertical hollow support rod and the hollow pumping rod in the water to slide freely up and down, the resistance caused by the impact of the damp flow can be balanced, and the middle layer aquaculture device in the multi-nutrition layer ecological aquaculture system can be manufactured, so that the effect of killing two birds with one stone is achieved; the middle and lower sections of all the hollow support rods in the cultivation net field are connected by ropes through the fasteners to form a middle cultivation net field which is the same as the cultivation net field with symmetrical water surface. Then connecting the underwater connected net field with an adjusting cable for keeping the inner cavity of the hollow stay bar and the hollow pull rod concentric; one end of the concentric regulation cable is connected with the middle layer culture net field and the corresponding transverse or vertical cable on the side, and the other end of the concentric regulation cable passes through the turning fixed pulley fixed at the top end of the corresponding fixed pile at the seabed and then is connected with the transverse or vertical floating boom on the side of the culture net field on the water surface; therefore, when the tidal current impacts the water surface aquaculture net field to move, the concentric adjusting rope can be pulled and maintained, the adjusting rope is turned by the pulley on the seabed pile foundation, the middle and lower sections of the hollow support rod are pulled in a reverse direction along the same direction, the bending and twisting resistance generated when the tidal current impacts the hollow support rod is resisted, the hollow support rod is maintained to be concentric with the hollow drawing rod in the inner cavity of the hollow support rod, and the purpose of freely moving up and down is achieved.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme that for the offshore deep water region intertidal zone type multi-nutrition layer aquaculture net field, the upper sea surface aquaculture net field and the middle layer aquaculture net field are vertically symmetrical, filter feeding shellfish organisms subjected to mixed culture or complementary culture are fixed into a string by a rope or a net or a cage, prepared string penetrating ropes fastened on a middle layer net base are fished out first, and the aquaculture devices fixed into the string are fixed to the middle layer along the string penetrating ropes; one end of the water surface is tied on the corresponding floating boom on the sea surface for interval cultivation, so that the floating boom is hung in water to cultivate the filter feeding organisms and propagate and grow, and the middle-layer seawater cultivation in the multi-nutrition-layer ecological cultivation system is realized.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme that for the above-mentioned intertidal zone type multi-nutrition layer aquaculture net field in the offshore deep water area, a plurality of round holes are uniformly reserved at the edge of the supporting tray, besides the rope is used for penetrating through two symmetrical round holes to lift and prop against the lower port of the hollow stay bar, the hollow stay bar is convenient to operate to press the supporting tray and the pipe pile to be inserted into the seabed mud together for fixation, the rope with other round holes fastened in advance can be further arranged on the sea surface, and the operation management ship passes through the rope to slide the seabed aquaculture net cage to the seabed for aquaculture; when not in use, the rope at one end of the sea surface can be tied on the floating boom of the sea surface culture net field for standby application, and can also be used for pulling up the seabed support fixing device for moving or maintaining.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme, and for the above-mentioned offshore deep water region intertidal zone type multi-nutrition layer aquaculture net field, a cultivation method of the offshore deep water region intertidal zone type multi-nutrition layer aquaculture net field comprises the following contents:

1. the cultivation net field with upper sea surface is firstly arranged in deep sea area

After the culture position is determined, fixing a root cable by piling, fixedly connecting the upper sea surface culture net field with the root cable, binding a large floater on the root cable, binding a small floating cable in meshes of the upper sea surface culture net field, and tensioning and adjusting the upper sea surface culture net field by tides for several times to enable the translation range of the cross point of the upper sea surface culture net field to be close to zero or within an allowable range;

2. mounting of vertical floating supports

Firstly, fixedly inserting an upright floating support device into the seabed right below a cross point of an upper sea surface cultivation net field in low tide, and pressing a support tray up and down by holding a hollow support rod until the support tray is fixed firmly, and firmly binding the hollow support rod and the cross point of the upper sea surface cultivation net field by using a string in high tide;

when the tide is low again, a middle layer aquaculture net field symmetrical to the upper layer sea surface aquaculture net field is formed by connecting the vertical floating supporting devices through net ropes, a hanging string type aquaculture base rope is vertically arranged and connected between the upper layer sea surface aquaculture net field and the middle layer aquaculture net field to form a middle layer aquaculture growth base, and the upper layer sea surface aquaculture net field and the middle layer aquaculture net field are further connected, tensioned and fixed through concentric adjusting cables, so that the coastal deep water area intertidal zone type multi-nutrition layer aquaculture net field can be formed;

then, the lower-layer seabed cultivation device is tied to the sea surface through a rope by using a round hole on a supporting tray on the vertical floating supporting device, and then the lower-layer seabed cultivation device is operated to carry out cultivation to the seabed along the rope;

3. when the rising tide water level rises, the middle layer cultivation growth medium is immersed, so that shellfish organisms hung and cultivated in the upper sea surface cultivation net field and the middle layer cultivation net field are immersed in water for filter feeding growth; the upper sea surface cultivation net field floats on the sea surface under the action of buoyancy along with the continuous rise of the water level, so that the seaweeds on the upper sea surface cultivation net field can absorb the nutrients of the sea surface seawater, and can be irradiated by light to perform photosynthesis, reproduction and growth; the lower-layer seabed cultivation device is fixed on the seabed all the time, and organisms in the lower-layer seabed cultivation device can prey on excrement and other foods on the seabed, which are metabolized by the cultivation organisms in the upper-layer sea surface cultivation net field and the middle-layer cultivation net field, and propagate and grow;

when the tide moves back, the water level is gradually reduced, the upper layer sea surface cultivation net field and the middle layer cultivation net field initially descend along with the water level under the support of the vertical floating support device, when the vertical floating support device reaches the lowest support position, the upper layer sea surface cultivation net field and the middle layer cultivation net field do not descend along with the water level any more, the upper layer sea surface cultivation net field is exposed out of sea surface dry dew, filter-feeding type cultivation strings hung between the upper layer sea surface cultivation net field and the middle layer cultivation net field gradually leave water and dry dew from top to bottom, and when the tide moves back to the lowest position, all shellfish organisms leave water and dry dew, and the steps of sterilization and impurity removal are carried out; the lower-layer seabed cultivation device is always in water, preys on excrement metabolized by cultivation organisms in the upper-layer sea surface cultivation net field and the middle-layer cultivation net field, purifies water quality, and maintains ecology;

the circulation is that in the process of rising tide and falling tide, the vertical floating supporting device can drive the strip type multi-nutrition layer aquaculture net field in the intertidal zone of the offshore deep water area to ascend and descend along with the tide, so that the automatic soaking and floating in high tide and the automatic water leaving and drying in low tide are realized.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) The invention can automatically dry and expose under the clean original ecological growth environment, automatically immerse and grow, does not need personnel to manage and operate, saves labor and time, reduces a large amount of management cost compared with the prior art, and ensures that the cultured marine products are healthy, high in quality and high in yield;

in high tide, the hollow stay bar is vertically floated along the cultivation field by taking the hollow draw bar as a slideway under the combined action of the cultivation floating field and the buoyancy of the hollow stay bar; during low tide, the field is bred along with the sea and descends and the landing touches the end support, props up and breeds the field and no longer descends along with the sea and descends, and from the water dew, whole process is accomplished by oneself, need not manual operation, and it is the same with nature beach coats intertidal zone: the rising tide is immersed and the falling tide is exposed.

(2) The invention has strong wind wave resistance and stability when running in an offshore deep water area, simultaneously has the functions of impact resistance and scouring resistance, and can be used in open sea; the breeding net Tian Sibian is tensioned through a root cable fixed on the seabed in a long distance and is level and stable;

the underwater supporting device and the cultivation net field form a mutual-help firm supporting system, when a hollow support rod (a movable rod) of each supporting device floats upwards along with the cultivation net field, a hollow drawing rod (a fixed rod) in a cavity is used as an upper and lower slideway, and a ball head fixed at the tail end of the hollow drawing rod can be used as an original point to swing back and forth and left and right to meet the requirements of the open sea environment; secondly, the top end of the hollow support rod is bound and hung below the corresponding cross point, and the hollow support rod is pressed up and down, is exhausted and generates damping by water, so that the lifting of sea waves to a net field can be inhibited, the frequent impact of the sea waves is buffered, and the cultured organisms are prevented from being washed off from a growth base by the big waves to cause loss;

(3) During operation, the invention does not affect the water body exchange during tidal rising and does not generate ecological pollution to the culture sea area; in the initial stage of flood tide, the tide is large, but the cultivation floating field is supported by all supporting devices in the net field to be a few meters away from the water surface due to the last tide falling, so that the tide is not blocked and the tide flows smoothly; when the tidal current rises to more than half, the tidal current is slowed down slowly, the cultivation net field gradually soaks to the sea and floats on the sea surface along with the slow rise of the sea surface, and then the tidal current is gradually stopped, and the water body basically does not flow; when the tide is removed after the full tide is reached, the culture floating field can block the tide and prevent the tide and water from leaving, the culture floating field can be maintained in the water to grow, the culture organisms can be easily grown by suction, and the quality and the high yield can be guaranteed;

(4) The invention can realize a multi-nutrition-level comprehensive breeding mode in an offshore deep water area, promote the continuous high yield of cultured marine products, reduce the pressure of a breeding ecological environment and improve the space utilization rate of a breeding system; the excrement metabolized by some cultured organisms is used as the nutrient source of other cultured organisms to realize complementary culture and three-dimensional culture of marine space resources; the supporting system enables the aquaculture field on the sea surface to automatically enter water for suction aquaculture, automatically discharge water, dry and expose, remove impurities and prevent diseases, builds aquaculture seaweed (such as laver and the like) and grows in the original ecological environment; arranged in water at intervals, and the head and the tail of the shellfish are used for controlling filter feeding organisms of the strung shellfish (such as oyster and the like) to form a second nutrition layer. Benthonic organisms (such as sea cucumbers and the like) in the benthonic culture cage or the net cage which is fastened on the benthonic pile foundation tray are a third nutrition layer; the oysters filter and eat plankton, and exhale carbon dioxide and excrement for nutrient absorption of photosynthesis of the laver; when the laver absorbs carbon dioxide and nutritive salt for photosynthesis, released oxygen, metabolized debris and other numerous plankton are sucked, filtered and eaten by the oysters; the excrement excreted by the oysters and the oxygen released by the laver, and the scraps are the nutrient food of the sea cucumber; the feces of the sea cucumber can be degraded into nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient salt by microorganisms, and the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient salt is absorbed and utilized by the laver; thus, the oysters, the laver and the sea cucumbers generate flowing circulation of nutrient substances and energy, and are mutually beneficial, so that the culture benefit per unit area is improved, the eutrophication pollution of the water body is reduced, and the water quality of the culture sea area is purified;

(5) The invention has the functions of purifying air and regulating sea surface climate. A deep sea intertidal zone type multi-nutrition layer aquaculture method; the tide leaves water and is dried out once and is soaked in water once in the sea surface cultivation net field; the sea surface cultured algae can float on the sea surface to perform photosynthesis, and absorb a large amount of dissolved carbon dioxide from the sea water; carbon fixation, neutralization and acidification, inorganic substances are converted into organic substances to propagate and grow up, and a large amount of oxygen is released at the same time, so that the oxygen content in seawater is increased and overflows into air; when a basic net curtain grows on the sea surface and the sea surface is in low tide, the sea surface leaves water and is dry, wet seaweed growing on the net curtain or the rope is exposed, and when the sea surface is dry, wind blows and is sunned, and water vapor generated by evaporation humidifies the surrounding air; in addition, in the process of evaporation, the heat of the surrounding substances is absorbed, so that the surrounding substances: the seawater and the air are cooled, so that the air is purified, and the humidity and the temperature of the culture sea surface are adjusted;

(6) According to the invention, the head end of the hollow stay bar is always fixed with the cross point of the transverse and vertical floating ropes of the upper-layer sea surface aquaculture net field, a sea surface blocking net when high tide is not needed, the lower end of the hollow stay bar takes the hollow draw bar as a slideway, and slides into the buffer groove of the support tray when low tide is needed, so that the support function can be exerted, the hollow stay bar does not need to be inserted into seabed sludge for fixing, and compared with other dry dew methods, the length of the hollow stay bar can be shortened by more than one third; the cost is saved, and the strength is increased. Because the weight is loaded by adopting a supporting method, the gravity center is low and the stability is good; and the reasonable design of the supporting tray and the spherical ball head is adopted, so that the requirement of the hollow support rod on the dynamic state of the aquaculture net field ocean is met, the hollow support rod can support the water leaving and drying during dynamic, static and overload conditions, and the hollow support rod can be used for a long time. The damage rate is greatly reduced; the pipe pile is lengthened, the auxiliary inclined support can be adjusted, the height reference surface of the supporting foundation can be lifted, the used short rod can be continuously reused, replacement is not needed, flexibility and convenience are realized, the cost is reduced, and pollution is reduced;

(7) The invention inserts the fixed striking reflector tube rod into the top end of the hollow stay bar and vertically follows the hollow stay bar in water, thereby not only having warning function, but also correcting the influence of climate change on the growth period of cultivated organisms and dealing with disasters brought to the cultivated organisms by sudden weather (such as storm snow); the global climate is warmed, the seaweed is sensitive and fragile to the change of water temperature, and the propagation and growth of the seaweed can be directly influenced even if the temperature of the seawater is averagely raised by a few tenths of degrees, so that the harvesting period is obviously shortened; if the management is slightly inadequate in the seedling stage, the climate can cause the failure of cultivation; the height of the culture net Tian Lishui is increased through the striking pipe rod at the top end of the hollow stay bar, so that the exposure time of the seaweed after seedling emergence is prolonged, the influence of temperature of sea surface air lower than that of sea water in the sea water is balanced, the fastening piece with the rope groove at the head end of the hollow stay bar is loosened from the fastening rope at the cross point of the sea surface culture net field, the fastening piece is temporarily sleeved on the upper end of the rod body of the hollow stay bar, the culture net field is enabled to float in the sea surface water all the time, the seaweed can be prevented from being frostbitten by storm and snow, and the culture harvest is ensured.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the upper sea surface cultivation net field of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of the vertical floating support of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a spindle piston according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the cultivation method of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1, referring to fig. 1 to 5, an offshore deep water region intertidal zone type multi-nutritive layer aquaculture net field comprises an upper sea surface aquaculture net field: the transverse floating ropes 1 and the vertical floating ropes 2 are vertical to each other to form a plurality of small rectangular meshes 12 and cross intersection points 4 which are tied together, each floating rope in the rectangular mesh farm 10 is connected with one end of the large rope floater 5 of the root cable 3 at Tian Bian, the other end of the root cable 3 is tied on the seabed fixed pile 6, the small floating ropes 7 are arranged in the small rectangular meshes in parallel, and then the mesh curtains are connected with the small rectangular meshes and are used for flattening the seaweed growth substrate 8;

all the transverse ropes 1 and the vertical floating ropes 2 are mutually vertical to form crossed cross points 4, the floating ropes and the rope strands at the cross points are separated, then a section of thin rope passes through the separated transverse and vertical floating ropes and the rope strands, the transverse and vertical floating ropes and the rope strands are tied up and firmly connected into a whole, and the whole rectangular cultivation net field 10 consisting of a plurality of rectangular meshes 12 with uniform sizes is braided; then, the edges of the one-to-one corresponding net field are tensioned by the floating ropes through a plurality of fixed submarine root cables 3, so that the rectangular cultivation net field 10 floating on the sea surface is stretched out to ensure that the seaweed cultivated on the growth substrate 8 is always flattened and floated on the water surface for photosynthesis or is supported to be free from water and dew; the length of the root cable is as long as possible, and the splayed roots at the four corners of the rectangular cultivation net field 10 are controlled by the uniform force 11, so that the translation range of all the crossed points 4 in the field is close to zero in the flood tide and tide falling process or in any climatic environment, and can be controlled within the range of dozens of centimeters generally; thus, the rectangular cultivation net field 10 floating on the sea surface is constantly controlled to be in four equal positions and eight equal positions, can only move up and down along with tides and does not move transversely after being impacted and flapped by the stormy waves, and ensures normal cultivation in heavy stormy waves;

example 2, the offshore deep water intertidal multi-nutritive layer aquaculture net field of example 1, further comprising a mid-layer aquaculture net field: a fastening hoop 30 with bolt holes fixed at the middle lower section of the hollow stay bar 16 is connected into a middle layer cultivation net field 31 symmetrical to the upper layer rectangular net field 10 through Kong Chuansheng, the middle layer cultivation net field is connected with the upper layer rectangular net field 10 through a fixed shellfish connecting rope 39, shellfish strings 9 cultivated at intervals are hung and fixed by taking the shellfish connecting rope 39 as a root base, and cultivation is carried out;

the offshore deep water region intertidal zone type multi-nutrition layer aquaculture net field in the embodiment 3 and the embodiment 1 further comprises the following steps of: the upper end of a bottom layer fixed mesh cage connecting rope 40 is connected with the transverse floating rope 1 or the vertical floating rope 2 of the upper layer rectangular aquaculture mesh cage 10, the lower end of the bottom layer fixed mesh cage connecting rope is fastened and fixed through a peripheral circular hole 23 of the support tray 15, and the seabed aquaculture mesh cage 41 penetrates through the mesh cage connecting rope 40 on the sea surface and slides to the seabed for aquaculture or is lifted from the seabed to the sea surface for management and harvesting;

embodiment 4, the intertidal zone multi-nutrition layer aquaculture net field in the offshore deep water region described in embodiments 1 to 3, includes each set of vertical floating support device 13, concentric adjusting cable 37, direction-changing fixed pulley 38, middle layer aquaculture net base 31 on the cross point 4, bolt hole fastening hoop 30 on the hollow stay bar 16, splayed root cable 11, root cable 3, and support pipe pile 26;

in the offshore deep water intertidal multi-nutritive layer aquaculture net field in embodiment 5 or 4, each set of vertical floating support device 13 comprises a hollow stay bar 16, a hollow pumping bar 17 and a piston 18 fixed on the hollow pumping bar 17, an anti-cracking upper cone lower column fastening fixing piece 14 with a rope groove is arranged at the top end of the hollow stay bar 16, a striking pipe bar 35 inserted and fixed through an upper through hole thereof, a one-way valve piece 36 with a rope groove is arranged at the top end of the pipe bar 35, a bolt hole sealing fastening piece 32 is arranged at the top end of the hollow pumping bar 17, an anti-dropping connecting rope 33 is arranged between the anti-dropping upper cone lower column fastening piece 14 with a rope groove and a bolt hole, and a horn mouth anti-cracking clamp 34 is sleeved at the lower end of the hollow stay bar 16;

each set of vertical suspension supporting device 13 is a drawing combination consisting of a hollow tubular hollow stay bar 16 made of high-molecular high-strength anticorrosive composite material and a hollow thin bar 17 which is arranged in the inner cavity of the hollow stay bar 16 and made of the same composite material; the thin rod 17 is provided with a plurality of plastic pistons 18 which are uniformly distributed and fixed and penetrate through the inner cavity of the middle lower section of the hollow support rod 16; the plastic piston 18 is tightly matched with the inner cavity of the hollow support rod 16, and when the plastic piston works, the plastic piston can be used for absorbing and pressing air or seawater to generate damping hysteresis: the wind wave resistance of the invention can be improved; secondly, marine organisms cultured on the growth substrate can be prevented from being washed away; thirdly, gas or seawater can be exchanged from the water surface to the underwater bottom layer up and down, and the ecological environment of the culture sea area is treated and improved;

example 6, in the aquaculture net field with multiple nutrition layers in intertidal zone in offshore deep water region in example 5, the uniform fixed piston 18 on the upper section of the hollow pumping rod 17 is placed in the cavity of the middle lower section of the hollow support rod 16, the tail end of the hollow pumping rod 17 is clamped by two half combined ball heads 19, and then the hollow pumping rod is fixed by a through fixed bolt 20;

the tail end of the hollow draw-out rod 17 is provided with a fixed ball head 19, then is arranged on the supporting tray 15, and is pressed and fastened at the center of the supporting tray 15 with a gap through a three-jaw gland 21;

the supporting tray 15 is matched and arranged at the top end of the tubular pile 26, and the part sleeved into the tubular pile is screwed and fixed with the tubular body through self-tapping;

example 7, in the intertidal zone type multi-nutrition-layer aquaculture net field in the offshore deep water region described in example 5, in order to make the support foundation inserted into the seabed sludge firm, a positive three-jaw inclined hole fastener 24 is sleeved along a pipe pile 26 below the support tray 15, and the pipe pile 26 is positioned and fixed through a self-tapping positioning jackscrew 25;

inserting a long inclined supporting short pipe 28 such as a fitting and the like from an inclined hole by using a positive three-jaw inclined hole fastener 24, and penetrating, screwing and fixing the same with the wall of the inclined hole through a penetrating bolt;

the end of the pipe pile 26 is provided with a pipe pile end cone stopper 27, the end of the short pipe 28 is supported obliquely, and the short pipe end cone stopper 29 is also arranged, so that water entering the pipe cavity can not enter mud, and the supporting area is increased;

in example 8, in the intertidal zone type multi-nutrition-layer aquaculture net field in the offshore deep water region described in example 5, the dome of the three-jaw gland 21 at the center of the supporting tray 15 is provided with a buffer groove 22 for reducing the sliding impact of the hollow support rod 16 in the circumferential direction, in addition to the pre-reaming of the hollow draw rod 17;

in example 9, the intertidal zone type multi-nutrition-layer aquaculture net field in the offshore deep water region in example 5, the spindle-shaped pistons 18 fixed on the hollow extraction rod 17 are uniformly distributed, and are combined into a spindle shape by two symmetrical halves, so that the spindle-shaped pistons can conveniently enter and exit the inner cavity of the hollow support rod 16, and the method for clamping the hollow extraction rod 17 by the spindle-shaped pistons 18 is as follows: the rubber pad 42 is lined in the through groove of the piston, assembled and clamped through the clamping self-tapping screw 43 and fixed on the required position of the hollow drawing rod 17 through the positioning self-tapping jackscrew 44;

the spindle-shaped piston 18 is provided with a piston ring groove 45 at the convex circular arc, and a piston ring 46 is embedded, so that the spindle-shaped piston is wear-resistant and sealed;

in the aquaculture net field with multiple nutrition layers in the intertidal zone in the offshore deep water region in embodiment 10 and embodiment 5, the edge of the supporting tray 15 is uniformly provided with the fixing round holes 23 for the bottom layer fixing net cage ropes 40 to pass through and fix; and can be used as an operation to insert and fix the supporting device; can also be used as a lifting and tying rope fixing hole for removal and maintenance;

example 11, a method of aquaculture using the intertidal multi-aquifer network of examples 1-10:

firstly, arranging a rectangular cultivation net field 10 on the upper sea surface in a deep sea area, fixing one end of a root cable 3 on a seabed fixing device 6 with a calculated distance by piling after a cultivation position is determined, and floating on the sea surface by binding a large floater 5 at the other end; then correspondingly arranging transverse floating ropes 1 and vertical floating ropes 2 on the sea surface, respectively connecting and tensioning the heads and the tails of the transverse floating ropes 1 and the vertical floating ropes 2 with one ends of large floaters 5 corresponding to the root cables 3, then bundling all the cross points 4 in the field firmly, arranging small floating ropes 7 in parallel in the required small rectangular meshes 12, and adjusting the expansion of the sea surface rectangular breeding net field 10 by tides several times to enable the translation range of the cross points 4 to be close to zero or in an allowable range;

the big floater 5 on the root cable 3 and the small floating cable 7 in the mesh 12 act together to make the upper layer sea surface cultivation net field 10 always float on the sea surface, so that the seaweed on the seaweed growth base 8 receives the illumination to carry out photosynthesis and absorb the nutrients in the sea water to breed and grow;

in the multi-nutrition layer ecological breeding three-dimensional net field supporting system, each set of supporting device 13 is assembled, when the tide is low, the connecting rope 40 for fixing the breeding net cage at the bottom layer is operated to lift the hand, so that the supporting tray 15 is propped against the lower end port of the hollow stay bar 16, the supporting tray 15 and the hollow stay bar are vertically inserted into the seabed right below the cross point 4, the hollow stay bar 16 is held by hand, and the supporting tray 15 is punched up and down until the fixing is firm. Then, the anti-cracking upper cone lower column fastener 14 with the rope groove at the top end of the hollow stay bar 16 is firmly tied with the cross point 4 through the rope groove by a thin rope in the high tide;

in low tide, the middle section of each set of supporting device 13, which is exposed out of the hollow stay bar 16, is connected into a middle layer cultivation net base 31 which is symmetrical to the upper layer cultivation net field 10 through a bolt hole threading clamp 30 which is installed, and the upper layer cultivation net field and the middle layer cultivation net field are connected, tensioned and fixed in Tian Bian through a concentric adjusting cable 37;

then, the lower-layer seabed cultivation device is tied to the sea surface through a round hole in a supporting tray on the vertical floating supporting device by using a rope, and then the lower-layer seabed cultivation device is operated to perform seabed cultivation along the rope;

through the firm arrangement of the upper sea surface cultivation net field 10, the hollow support rod 16 is fixed with the support device 13 on each cross point 4 in the field, the head end of the hollow support rod 16 is connected with the cross point 4, the middle section of the hollow support rod is connected with the middle cultivation net base 31, the lower section of the hollow support rod is controlled on the basis of underwater support by the hollow draw rod 17 in the inner cavity of the hollow support rod 16, and then the cultivation net field support system with multiple nutrition layers and the form of a tidal zone is built by cultivating sea areas in offshore deep water areas:

when the rising tide water level rises, the middle layer cultivation net base 31 is immersed to enable the shellfish strings 9 hung in the upper and middle layer cultivation net fields to be alternately cultured, and shellfish organisms are immersed in water to filter, feed and grow. With the water level continuing to rise to the upper cultivation net field 10, the upper cultivation net field 10 floats on the sea surface by the buoyancy generated by the large floater 5 and the small floating cable 7, and then rises along with the rise of tidal water, so that the algae on the algae growth base 8 which is flatly laid can absorb the nutrients in the sea surface seawater, and can be subjected to photosynthesis, reproduction and growth; the lower-layer seabed cultivation net cage 41 is always tensioned and fixed on the seabed by the bottom cultivation net cage connecting rope 40; the organisms in the cages prey on the excrement metabolized by the organisms cultured in the upper and middle layers and other food on the seabed, and propagate and grow;

when the tide is ebb, the water level is gradually reduced, the cultivation net field 10 on the upper sea surface descends along with the descent of the sea surface, the supporting devices 13 and the hollow supporting rods 16 on the cross points 4 in the net field slide by taking the hollow pumping rods 17 as inner cavity slideways, the cultivation net field 10 on the upper sea surface descends along with the descent of the cultivation net field 10 on the upper sea surface, the cultivation net field 10 slides into the buffer groove 22 of the seabed supporting tray 15, the upper cultivation net field 10 is supported by touching the bottom, the cultivation net base 31 on the middle layer does not descend along with the continuous descent of the sea surface, and the cultivation net field 10 on the upper layer gradually leaves the sea surface to be dry and exposed; the filter-feeding breeding strings 9 hung between the upper-layer breeding net field 10 and the middle-layer breeding net base 31 are gradually separated from water and dried;

when the ebb water level reaches the lowest, the shellfish strings 9 cultured at intervals are completely separated from water and dried, and degerming and impurity removal are carried out; the lower-layer seabed cultivation net cage 41 is always arranged on the seabed cultivation bottom layer organisms, preys on the excrement of the upper-layer cultivation organisms and the middle-layer cultivation organisms, purifies the water quality and maintains the ecology;

the sea surface cultured algae (such as purple cabbage), the middle layer cultured filter food (such as oyster) and the seabed cultured algae (such as sea cucumber) are formed to grow together, the edible plankton of the oyster and the sea cucumber and the fragments metabolized by the algae are the excrement of the oyster and the sea cucumber and are the best nutrient of the algae, and the oxygen released by the photosynthesis of the algae can promote the healthy growth of the oyster and the sea cucumber;

when the tide rises next time, the large floater 5 and the small floating cable 7 float up along with the rising of the water level to drive the upper layer seaweed cultivation net field 10 to float, meanwhile, the hollow support rod 16 in the supporting system of the multi-nutrition layer net field drives the ten-point cross point 4 and the upper layer cultivation net field 10 to float together by taking the hollow draw rod 17 as a slide way, and also drives the middle layer cultivation net base 31 to rise integrally to enter the next cycle;

in each tide rising and ebb circulation process, the supporting system of the multi-nutrition layer aquaculture net field can not only ascend and descend along with the net field, but also can fully meet the impact of storms in offshore deep water sea areas, and the generated waves swing left, right, front and back, and is suitable for long-term use;

therefore, in offshore deepwater sea areas, the complementary ecological aquaculture with multiple nutrition layers in the intertidal zone form of automatically soaking and floating at high tide and automatically leaving and drying at low tide is realized, so that the offshore mariculture industry is continuously developed in offshore deepwater areas, the yield and income can be increased, and a natural ecological system is built.

Claims

1. An offshore deep water region intertidal zone type multi-nutrition layer aquaculture net field is characterized in that: the cultivation device comprises an upper sea surface cultivation net field, wherein a plurality of vertical floating supporting devices are fixedly connected to the upper sea surface cultivation net field, the vertical floating supporting devices are connected through net ropes to form a middle cultivation net field, hanging string type cultivation base ropes are fixedly connected between the middle cultivation net field and the upper sea surface cultivation net field, and the hanging string type cultivation base ropes are vertically arranged to form a middle cultivation growth base;

the aquaculture net field culture method comprises the following steps:

(1) The cultivation net field with upper sea surface is firstly arranged in deep sea area

(2) Mounting of vertical floating supports

Firstly, fixedly inserting an upright floating support device into the seabed right below a cross point of an upper sea surface cultivation net field in low tide, holding a hollow support rod by hands, punching a support tray up and down until the support tray is fixed firmly, and binding the hollow support rod and the cross point of the upper sea surface cultivation net field firmly by a string in high tide;

(3) When the rising tide water level rises, the middle layer cultivation growth medium is immersed, so that shellfish organisms hung and cultivated in the upper sea surface cultivation net field and the middle layer cultivation net field are immersed in water for filter feeding growth; the upper sea surface cultivation net field floats on the sea surface under the action of buoyancy along with the continuous rise of the water level, so that the seaweeds on the upper sea surface cultivation net field can absorb the nutrients of the sea surface seawater, and can be irradiated by light to perform photosynthesis, reproduction and growth; the lower-layer seabed cultivation device is fixed on the seabed all the time, and organisms in the lower-layer seabed cultivation device can prey on excrement and other foods on the seabed, which are metabolized by the cultivation organisms in the upper-layer sea surface cultivation net field and the middle-layer cultivation net field, and propagate and grow;

when the tide returns, the water level is gradually reduced, the upper sea surface cultivation net field and the middle layer cultivation net field are initially reduced along with the water level under the support of the vertical floating support device, after the vertical floating support device reaches the lowest support position, the upper sea surface cultivation net field and the middle layer cultivation net field are not reduced along with the water level, the upper sea surface cultivation net field is exposed out of the sea surface dry dew, filter-feeding cultivation strings hung between the upper sea surface cultivation net field and the middle layer cultivation net field gradually leave the water dry dew from top to bottom, and when the tide returns to the lowest position, all shellfish organisms leave the water dry dew, and the shellfish organisms are sterilized and purified; organisms in the lower-layer seabed breeding device are always in water, and prey on excreta metabolized by the breeding organisms in the upper-layer sea surface breeding net field and the middle-layer breeding net field, so that the water quality is purified, and the ecology is maintained;

2. The offshore deepwater intertidal multi-aquifer aquaculture net farm of claim 1, wherein: a concentric adjusting cable is fixedly connected between the upper sea surface cultivation net field and the middle cultivation net field and is pulled and supported through a fixed pile with a fixed pulley.

3. The offshore deepwater intertidal multi-aquifer aquaculture net farm of claim 1, wherein: the upper-layer sea surface cultivation net field comprises a plurality of transverse floating ropes and a plurality of vertical floating ropes, wherein the transverse floating ropes are arranged in parallel at equal lengths and equal intervals, the vertical floating ropes are arranged in parallel at equal lengths and equal intervals, the transverse floating ropes and the vertical floating ropes are arranged perpendicular to each other to form a net field consisting of a plurality of grid meshes, and the transverse floating ropes and the vertical floating ropes in the net field are connected in a bundling manner through the thin ropes.

4. The offshore deepwater intertidal multi-aquifer aquaculture net farm of claim 3, wherein: and the two ends of the transverse and/or vertical ropes are fixedly connected with root cables with large floaters respectively, and the other ends of the root cables are fixedly connected with fixed piles for fixing to the sea bottom along the straightening direction of the transverse and vertical ropes.

5. The offshore deep water intertidal multi-nutritive layer aquaculture net of claim 3, wherein: small floating cables with small floating balls are bound in square grid eyes of the upper sea surface cultivation net field, the small floating cables are connected to opposite sides of the square grid eyes in parallel, and meanwhile, a middle cultivation growth base and the small floating cables are stretched in a leveling connection mode.

6. The offshore deepwater intertidal multi-aquifer aquaculture net farm of claim 1, wherein: the vertical floating support device comprises a hollow support rod, a hollow drawing rod and a tubular pile support foundation, one end of the hollow drawing rod is inserted into the hollow support rod and is fixedly connected with the top end inside the hollow support rod through an anti-falling connecting rope, spindle-shaped pistons which are uniformly distributed are fixedly mounted on the hollow drawing rod, the other end of the hollow drawing rod is mounted on the tubular pile support foundation through a ball head gap, and a support tray matched with the ball head is further arranged at the top of the tubular pile support foundation.

7. The offshore deep water intertidal multi-nutritive layer aquaculture net of claim 1, wherein: the anti-cracking fastener with the rope groove is fixedly mounted at the top of the hollow support rod, the fastening hoop with the bolt hole is fixedly mounted at the middle lower part of the hollow support rod, the guiding type anti-cracking fastener is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the hollow support rod, the striking mark pipe rod is fixedly mounted on the anti-cracking fastener at the top of the hollow support rod, a top port is arranged at the top of the striking mark pipe rod, a sealing one-way valve member used for adjusting the buoyancy of the hollow support rod is fixedly mounted at the top port, and the rope groove is further formed in the sealing one-way valve member.

8. The offshore deep water intertidal multi-nutritive layer aquaculture net of claim 1, wherein: the adjustable auxiliary inclined support inserting assembly is fixedly mounted on the tubular pile support base below the support tray, a plurality of inclined support tubes are uniformly inserted in the adjustable auxiliary inclined support inserting assembly along the circumferential direction of the tubular pile support base, and conical blocking pieces used for increasing support are fixedly mounted at the bottom of the tubular pile support base and the bottoms of the inclined support tubes.

9. The offshore deepwater intertidal multi-aquifer aquaculture net farm of claim 6, wherein: the supporting tray is circumferentially provided with a plurality of round holes, the round holes are connected with the upper-layer sea surface cultivation net field through ropes, one end of each rope penetrates through the round hole and is used for lifting the supporting tray to abut against the lower end opening of the hollow support rod to serve as a supporting base for driving the vertical floating supporting device to be integral, a rope penetrating seabed cultivation net cage is further sleeved on each rope, and the seabed cultivation net cage slides to the seabed along the ropes to form the lower-layer seabed cultivation device.