CN114123293A - Photovoltaic power generation system and PID detection method of photovoltaic power generation system - Google Patents
Photovoltaic power generation system and PID detection method of photovoltaic power generation system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
- H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
本发明提供一种光伏发电系统和光伏发电系统的PID检测方法，用于在保证光伏发电系统的效率的同时，降低光伏发电系统的PID诊断和修复成本。该光伏发电系统包括：控制装置、多个光伏逆变器、与每个光伏逆变器一一对应的PID电路和采集装置；每个光伏逆变器的输入端用于与至少一个光伏组串连接；采集装置用于采集每个光伏组串的运行信息，并将运行信息输出给控制装置；运行信息用于确定每个光伏组串的PID故障状态；控制装置用于根据接收的运行信息，确定发生PID故障的目标光伏组串，向目标PID电路发送使能信号，目标PID电路对应的光伏逆变器与目标光伏组串连接。
The invention provides a photovoltaic power generation system and a PID detection method for the photovoltaic power generation system, which are used for reducing the PID diagnosis and repair cost of the photovoltaic power generation system while ensuring the efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system. The photovoltaic power generation system includes: a control device, a plurality of photovoltaic inverters, a PID circuit and a collection device corresponding to each photovoltaic inverter one-to-one; the input end of each photovoltaic inverter is used for connecting with at least one photovoltaic string connection; the collection device is used to collect the operation information of each photovoltaic string, and output the operation information to the control device; the operation information is used to determine the PID fault state of each photovoltaic string; the control device is used to, according to the received operation information, Determine the target PV string with a PID fault, send an enable signal to the target PID circuit, and the PV inverter corresponding to the target PID circuit is connected to the target PV string.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic power generation system and a PID detection method of the photovoltaic power generation system.
Background
With the large-scale continuous application of photovoltaic power generation systems, the number of photovoltaic modules in the photovoltaic power generation systems is increased, and the output voltage of a photovoltaic string including a plurality of photovoltaic modules connected in series is also increased. When the photovoltaic string is in a high-voltage or high-humidity scene, a potential difference of several hundreds or even thousands of volts may exist between the ground line and the negative electrode of the photovoltaic string, and under the action of the potential difference, electric ions in the photovoltaic string may move, which causes a large amplitude reduction in the output power of the photovoltaic string, which is called a Potential Induced Degradation (PID) effect.
In order to ensure the output power of the photovoltaic string, a device for performing PID repair or PID suppression on the photovoltaic string is usually disposed in the photovoltaic power generation system. In actual use, no matter whether the component generates a PID phenomenon, the PID repairing or PID restraining device is in a working state along with the normal operation of the photovoltaic power station, in the normal operation process of the photovoltaic power station, the PID attenuation condition of the component cannot be directly judged, the PID attenuation problem can be found only through modes such as annual power failure spot check and the like, and for the power station with a large scale, the spot check mode cannot completely reflect the PID attenuation condition of all the components. The PID diagnosis and repair method has the problems of long diagnosis period, low efficiency, low accuracy and resource waste, increases the PID diagnosis and repair cost of the photovoltaic power generation system, and reduces the diagnosis and repair efficiency.
Chinese patent publication No. CN107493057A, published as 12/19/2017, discloses an electrical regulation system and method for potential-induced attenuation in photovoltaic power generation, the system comprising: the photovoltaic array, the inverter, PID dynamic suppression circuit and the alternating current distribution unit. The output end of the photovoltaic array is connected with the direct-current input end of the inverter, and the output end of the inverter is connected with the input end of the alternating-current power distribution unit. The input end of the PID dynamic suppression circuit is connected with the direct current input end of the inverter, and the output end of the PID dynamic suppression circuit is connected with the bus midpoint N of the inverter. The PID dynamic suppression circuit is used for detecting the voltage to ground of a PV negative electrode of a direct-current input end of the inverter in real time, and adjusting the voltage of a bus midpoint N of the inverter according to the voltage to ground of the PV negative electrode, so that the voltage to ground of the PV negative electrode is larger than zero. The patent mainly aims at PID repair and PID suppression of a photovoltaic array connected with a single inverter, when a photovoltaic power generation system is provided with a plurality of inverters, the photovoltaic power generation system is also provided with a plurality of PID dynamic suppression circuits, a PID online improvement circuit and an MCU, and the problem of high cost is also caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a photovoltaic power generation system, which reduces the PID diagnosis and repair cost of the photovoltaic power generation system while ensuring the efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system.
The invention provides a PID detection method of a photovoltaic power generation system.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a photovoltaic power generation system, the input of system and a plurality of photovoltaic group series connection, the output of system is connected with the electric wire netting, including a plurality of photovoltaic inverters, with photovoltaic inverter one-to-one's PID circuit, collection system and controlling means, wherein:
the input end of each photovoltaic inverter is connected with one photovoltaic string, the output end of each photovoltaic inverter is connected with a power grid, and each photovoltaic inverter is used for converting a received first voltage sent by the photovoltaic string into a second voltage;
the acquisition device is used for acquiring the operation information of each photovoltaic string and outputting the operation information to the control device, and the operation information is used for determining the PID fault state of each photovoltaic ancestor;
and the control device determines a target photovoltaic string with PID faults according to the operation information, sends an enabling signal to a PID circuit corresponding to a photovoltaic inverter connected with the target photovoltaic string, and the PID circuit receiving the enabling signal performs PID repair and/or PID inhibition on the target photovoltaic string.
Preferably, the PID circuit includes a PID repair circuit, specifically:
one end of the PID repair circuit is connected with the photovoltaic string connected with the corresponding photovoltaic inverter in series, the other end of the PID repair circuit is connected with the ground wire, and after the PID repair circuit receives the enabling signal sent by the control device, third voltage is applied between the connected photovoltaic string and the ground wire.
Preferably, the PID repair circuit includes a first PID power supply module, specifically:
one end of the first PID power module is connected with the anode or the cathode of the photovoltaic string connected with the corresponding photovoltaic inverter, and the other end of the first PID power module is connected with the ground wire.
Preferably, the PID repair circuit includes a plurality of third PID power supply modules, specifically:
each third PID power supply module corresponds to the photovoltaic group string connected with the photovoltaic inverter corresponding to the PID circuit one by one;
one end of each third PID power module is connected with the anode or the cathode of the corresponding photovoltaic group string, and the other ends of the third PID power modules are connected with the ground wire.
Preferably, the PID circuit further includes a PID suppression circuit, specifically:
one end of the PID suppression circuit is connected with a ground wire, the other end of the PID suppression circuit is connected with a neutral line of a power grid, and after the PID suppression circuit receives the enabling signal sent by the control device, a fourth voltage is applied between the ground wire and the neutral line of the power grid.
Preferably, the PID suppression circuit includes a second PID power supply module, specifically:
one end of the second PID power supply module is connected with the ground wire, and the other end of the second PID power supply module is connected with the neutral wire.
Preferably, the acquisition device includes a plurality of data acquisition devices, the plurality of data acquisition devices correspond to the plurality of photovoltaic inverters one by one, an input end of each data acquisition device is connected to a corresponding photovoltaic inverter, an output end of each data acquisition device is connected to the control device, and each data acquisition device acquires a current-voltage IV curve of a photovoltaic string connected to the corresponding photovoltaic inverter and outputs the current-voltage IV curve to the control device.
Preferably, the acquisition device includes an image acquisition terminal, the control device sends a first instruction to the photovoltaic inverter, the photovoltaic inverter applies a reverse voltage or a reverse current to the connected photovoltaic string after receiving the first instruction, and the image acquisition terminal acquires a first image of each photovoltaic string at this time and outputs the first image to the control device.
Preferably, the acquisition device comprises an infrared image acquisition terminal, and the infrared image acquisition terminal acquires the infrared image of each photovoltaic group string and outputs the infrared image to the control device.
A PID detection method of a photovoltaic power generation system is applied to the photovoltaic power generation system, and specifically comprises the following steps:
collecting operation information of each photovoltaic string by using a collection device of a photovoltaic power generation system, and outputting the operation information to the control device, wherein the operation information is used for determining the PID fault state of each photovoltaic string;
and the control device confirms and determines the target photovoltaic string with the PID fault according to the operation information, the control device sends an enabling signal to a PID circuit connected with a photovoltaic inverter corresponding to the target photovoltaic string with the PID fault, and the PID circuit performs PID repair and inhibition on the target photovoltaic string with the PID fault.
Preferably, the operation information includes one or any combination of the following:
the photovoltaic array comprises an infrared image, a first image or a current-voltage IV curve, wherein the first image is an image of the photovoltaic array string collected when the photovoltaic array string receives reverse voltage or reverse current.
Preferably, if the operation information is the current-voltage IV curve, the acquisition device includes a plurality of data collectors, the plurality of data collectors correspond to the plurality of photovoltaic inverters one by one, an input end of each data collector is connected to a corresponding photovoltaic inverter, an output end of each data collector is connected to the control device, each data collector acquires the current-voltage IV curve of the photovoltaic string connected to the corresponding photovoltaic inverter, and outputs the current-voltage IV curve to the control device;
if the operation information is the infrared image, the acquisition device comprises an infrared image acquisition terminal, and the infrared image acquisition terminal acquires the infrared image of each photovoltaic group string and outputs the infrared image to the control device;
if the operation information is the first image, the acquisition device comprises an image acquisition terminal, the control device sends a first instruction to the photovoltaic inverter, the photovoltaic inverter applies reverse voltage or reverse current to the connected photovoltaic group strings after receiving the first instruction, and the image acquisition terminal acquires the first image of each photovoltaic group string at the moment and outputs the first image to the control device.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the control device can judge the PID fault state of the photovoltaic string connected with each photovoltaic inverter according to the operation information of each photovoltaic string, so as to determine the target photovoltaic string with PID fault, and can control the PID circuit to carry out PID repair and inhibition on the target photovoltaic string by sending an enabling signal to the PID circuit corresponding to the photovoltaic inverter connected with the target photovoltaic string. Therefore, PID fault judgment can be carried out on all photovoltaic string groups by adopting the control device of the photovoltaic power generation system, so that a control module for PID fault judgment is not required to be configured for each photovoltaic string group, the cost and the volume of a plurality of control modules are reduced, and the PID diagnosis and repair efficiency of the photovoltaic string groups is improved
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic power generation system according to the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a PID repair apparatus in the prior art;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic power generation system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a PID circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a first connection diagram of a PID repair circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a second connection diagram of a PID repair circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 is a third connection diagram of a PID repair circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a PID suppression circuit according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent;
for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product;
it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
The particular methods of operation in the method embodiments may also be applied to apparatus embodiments or system embodiments. It is to be noted that "at least one" in the description of the present application means one or more, where a plurality means two or more. In view of this, the "plurality" may also be understood as "at least two" in the embodiments of the present invention. "and/or" describes the association relationship of the associated objects, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, which may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship, unless otherwise specified. In addition, it is to be understood that the terms first, second, etc. in the description of the present application are used for distinguishing between the descriptions and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order.
It is to be noted that "connected" in the embodiments of the present application refers to an electrical connection, and the connection of two electrical components may be a direct or indirect connection between the two electrical components. For example, a and B may be connected directly, or a and B may be connected indirectly through one or more other electrical elements, for example, a and B may be connected, or a and C may be connected directly, or C and B may be connected directly, and a and B are connected through C.
It should be noted that the switch in the embodiment of the present application may be one or more of various types of switching devices such as a relay, a Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET), a Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT), an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), a gallium nitride field effect transistor (GaN), a silicon carbide (SiC) power transistor, and the like, and the embodiments of the present application are not listed here. Each switching device may include a first electrode, a second electrode, and a control electrode, wherein the control electrode is used to control the switching device to be turned on or off. When the switching device is turned on, current can be transmitted between the first electrode and the second electrode of the switching device, and when the switching device is turned off, current cannot be transmitted between the first electrode and the second electrode of the switching device. Taking a MOSFET as an example, the control electrode of the switching device is a gate, the first electrode of the switching device may be a source of the switching device, and the second electrode may be a drain of the switching device, or the first electrode may be a drain of the switching device and the second electrode may be a source of the switching device.
A photovoltaic power generation system is an energy system that can generate power by using light energy (solar energy), and as shown in fig. 1, is a possible structure of the photovoltaic power generation system. Referring to fig. 1, the photovoltaic power generation system mainly includes a control device, a communication device, and a plurality of photovoltaic inverters.
Specifically, the input end of the photovoltaic inverter may be connected to at least one photovoltaic string, and the photovoltaic inverter may convert the direct current output by the connected photovoltaic string into an alternating current and output the alternating current. The communication device is connected with the control device and each photovoltaic inverter, and the communication device can acquire the operating parameters of each photovoltaic inverter and output the acquired operating parameters to the control device. The control device can send instructions to each photovoltaic inverter through the communication device, and analyze and process the operation parameters sent by the communication device. Wherein, the communication device can be a data collector.
The photovoltaic string may be one photovoltaic module or a collection of a plurality of photovoltaic modules. The string of photovoltaic groups may also be referred to as photovoltaic panels, each comprising a positive PV + and a negative PV-. Specifically, if the photovoltaic string is a collection of a plurality of photovoltaic modules, the plurality of photovoltaic modules may be connected in series.
During actual use, a direct current converter is connected between each photovoltaic string and the input end of the photovoltaic inverter, and the direct current converter can boost the voltage output by the photovoltaic strings to obtain a first voltage and output the first voltage to the photovoltaic inverter.
In a possible implementation manner, the photovoltaic power generation system may further include a grid-connected transformer, a primary winding of the grid-connected transformer is connected to an output end of the photovoltaic inverter, a secondary winding of the grid-connected transformer is connected to a power grid, and the grid-connected inverter may convert a voltage value of the ac power output by the photovoltaic inverter into a grid-connected voltage and output the grid-connected voltage to the power grid.
When the photovoltaic power generation system shown in fig. 1 is applied to a high-humidity or high-voltage scene, a potential difference of several hundreds or even thousands of volts is formed between an electrode of each photovoltaic string and a ground wire, and under the action of an electric field formed by the potential difference, electric ions of the photovoltaic strings move, so that the output power of the photovoltaic strings is attenuated.
Because the connection position of each photovoltaic string is different in height, whether PID attenuation occurs or not and the PID attenuation condition occurs are different in each photovoltaic string, in order to eliminate the PID attenuation problem of the photovoltaic strings, a PID repair device can be arranged for each photovoltaic string, each PID repair device can be connected with an inverter connected with the photovoltaic string, repair voltage can be applied to the negative electrode and the ground wire of the photovoltaic string within a specific time period, or repair voltage is applied between the positive electrode and the ground wire of the photovoltaic string, so that PID repair is performed on the photovoltaic string with PID faults.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a possible structure of a PID repairing apparatus. Referring to fig. 2, each PID repair device may include an acquisition module, a PID repair module, and a control module.
The input end of the acquisition module is connected with the photovoltaic inverter, the output end of the acquisition module is connected with the control module, and the acquisition module can acquire electric quantity parameters on the photovoltaic inverter or the direct current bus and output the acquired electric quantity parameters to the control module. The control module is connected with the PID repairing module, the control module can determine whether the PID fault occurs to the photovoltaic string connected with the photovoltaic inverter according to the electric quantity parameter collected by the collecting module, and when the PID fault occurs to the detected photovoltaic string, the PID repairing module is controlled to apply repairing voltage to the anode or the cathode of the detected photovoltaic string so as to repair the photovoltaic string with the PID fault, and the output power of the photovoltaic string is ensured.
Although the PID repairing method can solve the problem of power attenuation caused by PID faults of the photovoltaic strings and ensure the output power of the photovoltaic strings, a PID repairing device needs to be provided for each photovoltaic string in the photovoltaic power generation system, and the repairing cost of the photovoltaic strings is high.
In order to solve the above problem, an embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic power generation system, which is used for reducing the PID repair cost of the photovoltaic power generation system while ensuring the output power of a photovoltaic string.
Referring to fig. 3, for the photovoltaic power generation system provided in the embodiment of the present application, an input end of the photovoltaic power generation system 300 is connected to a plurality of photovoltaic groups in series, and an output end of the photovoltaic power generation system 300 is connected to a power grid, and includes a plurality of photovoltaic inverters 301, PID circuits 302 corresponding to the photovoltaic inverters 301 one to one, a collection device 303, and a control device 304, where:
the input end of each photovoltaic inverter 301 is connected to a photovoltaic string, the output end of each photovoltaic inverter 301 is connected to a power grid, and each photovoltaic inverter 301 is configured to convert a received first voltage sent by the photovoltaic string into a second voltage;
the acquisition device 303 is configured to acquire operation information of each photovoltaic string, and output the operation information to the control device 304, where the operation information is used to determine a PID fault state that is ancestral to each photovoltaic string;
the control device 304 determines a target photovoltaic string with a PID fault according to the operation information, the control device 304 sends an enable signal to the PID circuit 302 corresponding to the photovoltaic inverter 301 connected to the target photovoltaic string, and the PID circuit 302 receiving the enable signal performs PID repair and/or PID suppression on the target photovoltaic string.
It should be noted that although fig. 3 only shows that one string is connected to the input end of the pv inverter 301, the number of strings connected to the input end of the pv inverter 301 in the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
In practical use, the photovoltaic power generation system 300 may further include a grid-connected transformer, a primary winding of the grid-connected transformer is connected to the output end of each photovoltaic inverter 301, a secondary winding of the grid-connected transformer is connected to a power grid, and the grid-connected inverter may perform grid-connection processing on the electric energy output by the photovoltaic inverters 301.
Specifically, the photovoltaic string is connected to the input of the photovoltaic inverter 301, and the output of the photovoltaic inverter 301 is connected to the primary winding of the grid-connected inverter. Therefore, the positive pole of the pv string is connected to the end of the corresponding pv inverter 301 input that receives the high level, and the negative pole of the pv string is connected to the end of the pv inverter 301 input that receives the low level.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the control device 304 may collect, by the collecting device 303, operation information of the photovoltaic string connected to each photovoltaic inverter 301, and perform PID fault diagnosis on all the photovoltaic strings by using the obtained operation information. When the operation information acquired by the acquisition device 303 is different, the control device 304 determines the target pv group string in a different manner, and the following describes the manner in which the control device 304 determines the target pv group string according to different situations:
the first condition is as follows: current-voltage (IV) curve determination
When the control device 304 determines the target photovoltaic string with the PID fault by using the current-voltage IV curve, the acquisition device 303 may include a plurality of data collectors, and each data collector may correspond to the photovoltaic inverter 301 one to one. One end of each data collector is connected with the corresponding photovoltaic inverter 301, the other end of each data collector is connected with the control device 304, and each data collector can collect the operation information of the photovoltaic string connected with the corresponding photovoltaic inverter 301 and output the operation information to the control device 304.
During specific implementation, each data collector may collect the current-voltage IV curves of the photovoltaic string connected to the photovoltaic inverter 301, and send the current-voltage IV curves of all the photovoltaic strings connected to the corresponding photovoltaic inverter to the control device 304. After the control device 304 collects the current-voltage IV curves of all the photovoltaic string by a plurality of data collectors, the obtained current-voltage IV curves of the photovoltaic string are compared with the normal (non-PID fault) current-voltage IV curves of the photovoltaic string, the PID fault condition of each photovoltaic string is determined according to the comparison result, and after the target photovoltaic string with the PID fault is determined, an enable signal is sent to the target PID circuit.
In actual use, the photovoltaic power generation system may further include a plurality of sub data modules (omitted in the figure), each sub data module may be connected to each photovoltaic group string in a one-to-one correspondence manner, each sub data module may be connected to the photovoltaic inverter 301 connected to the corresponding photovoltaic group string, and each data collector may obtain operation information of the photovoltaic group string through one or more sub data modules connected to the corresponding photovoltaic inverter 301.
In specific implementation, before the acquisition device 303 acquires the operation information of each photovoltaic string, the control device may acquire a current-voltage IV curve of the photovoltaic string in a non-PID fault state through the acquisition device 303 or a specific current-voltage IV curve scanning device, and use the current-voltage IV curve with the best output performance as a normal current-voltage IV curve of the photovoltaic string.
As an example, the current-voltage IV curve of the maximum output power is taken as the normal current-voltage IV curve of the photovoltaic string.
Specifically, the control device 304 may pre-store a normal current-voltage IV curve of each photovoltaic string, and when the control device 304 acquires the current-voltage IV curve of each photovoltaic string, compare the current-voltage IV curve of each photovoltaic string with the stored normal current-voltage IV curve of the photovoltaic string, and may accurately determine whether the photovoltaic string has a PID fault according to a comparison result, thereby ensuring accuracy of an output result of the control device 304.
It should be noted that, a communication device for data transmission is generally arranged in the photovoltaic power generation system 300, and the data collector provided in the embodiment of the present application may be a communication device in the photovoltaic power generation system, so as to further reduce the cost of detecting the PID fault of the photovoltaic string.
Case two: electroluminescent (EL) determination
The control device 304 sequentially sends first instructions to the photovoltaic inverter 301 through the data collector, and after receiving the first instructions, the photovoltaic inverter 301 applies reverse voltage or reverse current to the connected photovoltaic string. The collecting device 303 collects a first image of the photovoltaic string when the photovoltaic string receives a reverse voltage or a reverse current, and sends the obtained first image to the control device 304. After receiving the first image sent by the acquisition device 303, the control device 304 performs PID fault calculation on each acquired first image by using an EL detection method to obtain a PID fault condition of the photovoltaic string corresponding to the first image, and after determining the target photovoltaic string with PID fault, sends an enable signal to the target PID circuit to control the target PID circuit to perform PID repair on the target photovoltaic string.
In a possible implementation manner, in order to reduce the data acquisition cost of the acquisition device 303, the acquisition device 303 may include a mobile image acquisition terminal, the mobile image acquisition terminal may be in communication with the control device 304, the control device 304 may sequentially send a first instruction to the photovoltaic inverters 301 in the photovoltaic power generation system 300 according to a fixed sequence, and the photovoltaic inverters 301 may apply a reverse voltage or a reverse current to the connected photovoltaic string after receiving the first instruction. The mobile image collecting terminal may sequentially collect first images of the photovoltaic string receiving the reverse voltage or the reverse current according to an order in which the control device 304 sends the first instructions, and sequentially send the collected first images to the control device 304. Wherein, the mobile image acquisition terminal can be an unmanned aerial vehicle.
In practical use, because it takes a corresponding time for the mobile image acquisition terminal to move from one photovoltaic string to another photovoltaic string, in order to increase the speed of the control device 304 for determining the target photovoltaic string with PID fault, the acquisition device 304 may further include a plurality of image acquisition terminals, each image acquisition terminal corresponds to each photovoltaic inverter 301 one to one, and each image acquisition terminal may be disposed near the corresponding photovoltaic inverter 301, and when it is determined that the photovoltaic string connected to the corresponding photovoltaic inverter 301 receives reverse voltage or reverse current, the image acquisition terminal acquires the first image of the photovoltaic string connected to the corresponding photovoltaic inverter 301, and sends the acquired first image to the control device 304.
It should be noted that, in order to ensure the energy production of the photovoltaic power generation system 300, after determining that the first image of the photovoltaic string is received, the control device 304 sends a second instruction to the photovoltaic inverter 301 connected to the photovoltaic string and having collected the first image through the data collector, and after receiving the second instruction, the photovoltaic inverter 301 stops sending the reverse voltage or the reverse current to the connected photovoltaic string, so that the photovoltaic string returns to normal operation.
In specific implementation, if the input end of the photovoltaic inverter 301 is connected with a plurality of photovoltaic strings, in order to avoid that the output power of the photovoltaic power generation system is greatly reduced when the plurality of photovoltaic strings simultaneously receive reverse voltage or reverse voltage, after the photovoltaic inverter 301 receives a first instruction, the reverse voltage or reverse current can be applied to the first connected photovoltaic string, after it is determined that the first image of the first photovoltaic string is collected by the collection device 303, the reverse voltage or reverse current is stopped being applied to the first photovoltaic string, and the reverse voltage or reverse current is applied to the next connected photovoltaic string until the collection device 303 collects the first images of all the photovoltaic strings connected to the photovoltaic inverter.
It should be noted that, the order in which the photovoltaic inverter applies the reverse current or the reverse current to the connected photovoltaic string may be set according to the needs, and the application is not limited herein. For example, the arrangement may be made in accordance with the positional relationship of the photovoltaic string.
Case three: infrared spectroscopy (IR) determination method
The control device 304 controls the acquisition device 303 to acquire the infrared image of the photovoltaic string connected to each photovoltaic inverter 301, and outputs the acquired infrared image to the control device 304. After receiving the infrared images sent by the acquisition device 303, the control device 304 splices all the infrared images by using an image splicing technology to obtain a temperature distribution map of the photovoltaic string in the photovoltaic power generation system 300, compares temperature values of different areas with set temperatures, determines the photovoltaic string in the area with the temperature higher than the set temperature as a target photovoltaic string with a PID fault, sends an enable signal to a target PID circuit, and controls the PID circuit to perform PID repair and inhibition on the target photovoltaic string.
In a possible implementation manner, in order to reduce the acquisition cost of the acquisition device 303, the acquisition device 303 may include a mobile image acquisition terminal, the mobile image acquisition terminal may communicate with the control device 304, the mobile image acquisition terminal may move according to a set route, sequentially acquire infrared images of each photovoltaic group string on the moving route, and sequentially send the acquired infrared images to the control device 304.
In another possible implementation manner, since it takes a corresponding time for the mobile image acquisition terminal to move from one pv group string to another pv group string, in order to increase the speed of the control device 304 determining the target pv group string with the PID fault, the acquisition device 303 may include a plurality of image acquisition terminals, each image acquisition terminal may correspond to each pv inverter 301 one-to-one, and each image acquisition terminal may be disposed near the corresponding pv inverter 301, acquire an infrared image of each pv group string connected to the corresponding pv inverter 301, and send the acquired infrared image to the control device 304.
It should be understood that the shooting range formed by the plurality of image acquisition terminals can acquire infrared images of all photovoltaic group strings connected with the photovoltaic inverters 301 in the photovoltaic power generation system 300.
In actual use, the control device 304 may determine the PID fault condition of each pv string connected to the pv inverter 301 in the above manner, and after determining the target pv string with PID fault, send an enable signal to the target PID circuit. And after receiving the enabling signal, the target PID circuit starts to work, performs PID repair and inhibition on the target photovoltaic string, and ensures the output power of the target photovoltaic string. The following describes in detail the process of PID repair and suppression of the photovoltaic string by the PID circuit 303.
Each PID circuit 303 corresponds to each photovoltaic inverter 301 one-to-one, and each PID circuit can repair and/or suppress PID of the photovoltaic string connected to the corresponding photovoltaic inverter 301.
Specifically, each PID circuit 303 may be connected to the control device 304 through a data collector, and after receiving an enable signal sent by the control device 304, performs PID repair and suppression on the photovoltaic string connected to the corresponding photovoltaic inverter 301.
Wherein, each PID circuit 302 mainly comprises a PID repair circuit 3021 and/or a PID suppression circuit 3022.
Specifically, referring to fig. 4, one end of the PID repair circuit 3021 is connected to the photovoltaic string connected to the corresponding photovoltaic inverter 301, the other end of the PID repair circuit 3021 is connected to the ground, and the PID repair circuit 3021 may apply a third voltage between the connected photovoltaic string 1 and the ground after receiving the enable signal; one end of the PID suppression circuit 3022 is connected to a ground line, the other end of the PID suppression circuit 3022 is connected to a grid neutral line N, and the PID suppression circuit 3022 is configured to apply a fourth voltage between the ground line and the neutral line N after receiving the enable signal. The voltage value of the third voltage and the voltage value of the fourth voltage may be equal or different, and the specific value may be set according to the output voltage of the photovoltaic string. For example, the voltage values of the third voltage and the fourth voltage may be 500 volts (V). In the figure, only the schematic diagram of the connection of the PID repair circuit 3021 and the PID suppression circuit 3022 to the photovoltaic inverter 301 is shown, and the connection to the control device is not shown.
The PID repair circuit 3021 is provided to function as: and performing PID repair on the photovoltaic string with the PID fault. The PID suppression circuit 3022 is provided to function as: and inhibiting PID faults of photovoltaic strings without PID faults.
Next, the operation of the PID repair circuit 3021 and the PID suppression circuit 3022 will be described with reference to the embodiments.
The PID repair circuit 3021 may include: a first PID power module.
One output end of the first PID power supply module is connected to the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the photovoltaic string connected to the corresponding photovoltaic inverter 301, and the other end of the first PID power supply module is connected to the ground wire. The connection mode of the first PID power supply module can be seen in fig. 5 and 6.
In a specific implementation, when the PID repair circuit 3021 receives the enable signal, if the pv string is in a low power output state or stops operating, a third voltage is applied between the positive electrode of the pv string connected to the corresponding pv inverter 301 and the ground, or a third voltage is applied between the negative electrode of the pv string connected to the corresponding pv inverter 301 and the ground. At the moment, a repair voltage which causes PID faults and is opposite in voltage direction is formed on the photovoltaic string, and under the action of an electric field formed by the repair voltage, the originally deviated electric ions on the photovoltaic string can return to the original position, so that the photovoltaic string with the PID faults is repaired.
In one possible implementation, the first PID power module may be a battery pack, and the battery pack may output the third voltage.
In another possible implementation manner, the first PID power module may be further connected to the corresponding photovoltaic inverter 301, and after the first PID power module receives the enable signal, the corresponding photovoltaic inverter 301 is controlled to be in a rectification state, that is, the photovoltaic inverter 301 converts the alternating current transmitted on the power grid into a direct current, and outputs the direct current to the first PID power module, and the first PID power module receives the direct current and applies the received direct current between the positive electrode of the photovoltaic string connected to the photovoltaic inverter 301 and the ground line, or between the negative electrode of the photovoltaic string connected to the photovoltaic inverter 301 and the ground line.
In specific implementation, a first switch is connected between the first PID power module and the photovoltaic inverter 302, and the enable signal is used to control a first switch state. When the PID repair circuit 3021 receives the enable signal, the first switch is turned on, the first PID power module is connected to the corresponding photovoltaic inverter 301, and the first PID power module receives the repair voltage output by the corresponding photovoltaic inverter 301.
In a possible implementation manner, if the voltage value of the direct current output by the received photovoltaic inverter 301 does not satisfy the requirement of the photovoltaic string on the repair voltage, the first PID power module may include a voltage converter, the voltage converter may perform voltage conversion on the received direct current, and the direct current after the voltage conversion may satisfy the requirement of the photovoltaic string on the repair voltage.
It should be noted that, the first PID power module provides the repair voltage by using the corresponding photovoltaic inverter 301, and during actual use, the input end of the first PID power module may also be connected to other power supply devices except the corresponding photovoltaic inverter 301, and the power supply device may supply power to the first PID power module.
During practical use, when the PID repair circuit 3021 structure is used to repair a target pv string with a PID fault, all pv strings connected to the same pv inverter 301 with the target pv string may receive a repair voltage to perform PID repair, and in order to avoid energy waste, the PID repair circuit 3021 may include a plurality of third PID power modules. And each third PID power supply module corresponds to the photovoltaic group string connected with the photovoltaic inverter corresponding to the PID circuit one by one.
Referring to fig. 7, one end of each of the third PID modules is connected to the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the corresponding photovoltaic string, and the other end of each of the third PID power modules is connected to the ground line.
In specific implementation, the third PID power supply module includes a second switch, the enable signal can control the state of the second switch, when the third power supply module receives the enable signal, the second switch is turned on, and the third power supply module applies a repair voltage between the positive electrode of the connected photovoltaic string and the ground wire, or applies a repair voltage between the negative electrode of the connected photovoltaic string and the ground wire.
By adopting the structure of the PID repair circuit 3021, after the control device 304 determines the target pv string with the PID fault, an enable signal may be sent to the third power module connected to the target pv string, and at this time, the PID repair circuit 3021 performs PID repair only on the target pv string, and other pv strings connected to the same pv inverter 301 as the target pv string cannot receive the repair voltage, thereby avoiding waste of energy.
The PID suppression circuit 3022 includes: and the second PID power supply module.
One end of the second PID power supply module is connected with the ground wire, and the other end of the second PID power supply module is connected with the neutral wire N. The connection mode of the second PID power panel can be seen in fig. 8.
In specific implementation, when the PID suppression circuit 3022 receives the enable signal, a fourth voltage is applied between the ground line of the photovoltaic string and the neutral line N of the power grid, so as to raise the potential of the ground line, reduce the voltage difference between the ground line and the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the photovoltaic string, and make the potential of the electrode of the photovoltaic string equal to that of the ground line. At the moment, the potential difference required by the PID fault cannot be formed on the photovoltaic string, so that the effect of inhibiting the PID fault of the photovoltaic string is achieved.
In a possible implementation manner, the second PID power module may be connected to the corresponding photovoltaic inverter 301, and after receiving the enable signal, the second PID power module controls the corresponding photovoltaic inverter 301 to be in a rectification state, that is, the photovoltaic inverter 301 converts the alternating current transmitted on the power grid into a direct current, and outputs the direct current to the second PID circuit module, and the second PID power module receives the direct current and applies the received direct current between the ground line of the photovoltaic string and the neutral line N of the power grid, so as to raise the potential of the ground line, and make the potential of the electrode of the photovoltaic string equal to the potential of the ground line. At the moment, the potential difference required by the PID fault cannot be formed on the photovoltaic string, so that the effect of inhibiting the PID fault of the photovoltaic string is achieved.
In a specific implementation, a third switch is connected between the second PID power module and the photovoltaic inverter 301, the enable signal can control the state of the third switch, when the PID suppression module 3022 receives the enable signal, the third switch is turned on, the second PID power module is connected to the photovoltaic inverter 301, and the second PID power module receives the direct current output by the photovoltaic inverter 301.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present application further provides a PID detection method for a photovoltaic power generation system, which is applied to the above-mentioned photovoltaic power generation system 300 and is used for detecting a PID fault state of a photovoltaic string connected to a plurality of photovoltaic inverters 301 in the photovoltaic power generation system. The PID detection method specifically comprises the following steps:
collecting the operation information of each photovoltaic string by using a collecting device 303 of the photovoltaic power generation system 300, and outputting the operation information to the control device 304, wherein the operation information is used for determining the PID fault state of each photovoltaic string;
the control device 304 determines the target photovoltaic string with the PID fault according to the operation information, the control device 304 sends an enable signal to the PID circuit 302 connected to the photovoltaic inverter 301 corresponding to the target photovoltaic string with the PID fault, and the PID circuit 302 performs PID repair and inhibition on the target photovoltaic string with the PID fault.
In actual execution, in order to perform PID fault detection on each photovoltaic string, the control device 304 may control the acquisition device 303 to acquire operation information of each photovoltaic string, receive the operation information of each photovoltaic string acquired by the acquisition device 303, perform PID fault detection on each photovoltaic string by using the received data, and determine a target photovoltaic string with a PID fault.
Specifically, the operation information of each photovoltaic string collected by the control device 304 controlling the collection device 303 may be any one of the following: an infrared image, a first image, or a current-voltage IV curve. The first image is acquired when the photovoltaic string receives reverse voltage or reverse current.
In actual use, if the operation information is the current-voltage IV curve, the acquisition device 303 includes a plurality of data collectors, the plurality of data collectors correspond to the plurality of photovoltaic inverters 301 one by one, an input end of each data collector is connected to the corresponding photovoltaic inverter 301, an output end of each data collector is connected to the control device 304, each data collector acquires the current-voltage IV curve of the photovoltaic string connected to the corresponding photovoltaic inverter, and outputs the current-voltage IV curve to the control device 304;
if the operating information is the infrared image, the acquisition device 303 includes an infrared image acquisition terminal, and the infrared image acquisition terminal acquires the infrared image of each photovoltaic group string and outputs the infrared image to the control device 304;
if the operation information is the first image, the acquisition device 303 includes an image acquisition terminal, the control device 304 sends a first instruction to the photovoltaic inverter 301, the photovoltaic inverter 301 applies a reverse voltage or a reverse current to the connected photovoltaic string after receiving the first instruction, and the image acquisition terminal acquires the first image of each photovoltaic string at this time and outputs the first image to the control device 304.
It should be noted that, the process of determining the target photovoltaic string by the control device using the above operation information can be referred to the foregoing description, and the description of the present application is not repeated here.
Specifically, after determining the target pv string, the control device 304 sends an enable signal to the target PID circuit 302, and controls the target PID circuit 302 to perform PID repair and suppression on the target pv string.
Specifically, the manner and process of the control device 304 controlling the target PID circuit 302 to perform PID repair and PID suppression on the target pv string can be referred to the descriptions of fig. 5 to 8, and the description of the present application is not repeated here.
Based on the above embodiments, the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a computer, the computer is enabled to execute the PID detection method of the photovoltaic power generation system provided by the above embodiments.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.
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