CN114113179A - Method for rapidly judging original defects of galvanized steel component - Google Patents
Method for rapidly judging original defects of galvanized steel component Download PDFInfo
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- CN114113179A CN114113179A CN202111198842.9A CN202111198842A CN114113179A CN 114113179 A CN114113179 A CN 114113179A CN 202111198842 A CN202111198842 A CN 202111198842A CN 114113179 A CN114113179 A CN 114113179A
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- original defects
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- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical group [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
- G01N23/203—Measuring back scattering
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种快速判断镀锌钢构件原始缺陷的方法，该方法是指：针对发生开裂或断裂失效的输变电设备镀锌钢构件，截取断口纵切面进行背散射电子扫描，并用线扫描标定元素Zn与Fe元素，即可判断断口是否存在锌液渗入现象。本发明简单快捷、灵敏、操作性强，且检测结果可靠直观，适用于在钢构件失效分析过程中开展检测，可以快速判断镀锌钢构件断口处是否存在原始缺陷，根据该检测结果可以调整失效分析的方向及失效原因的判断。The invention relates to a method for quickly judging the original defects of galvanized steel components. The method refers to: for the galvanized steel components of power transmission and transformation equipment that have cracks or fracture failures, the longitudinal section of the fracture is intercepted to perform backscattered electron scanning, and line scanning is used to scan the galvanized steel components. By calibrating the elements Zn and Fe, it can be judged whether there is zinc liquid infiltration in the fracture. The invention is simple, quick, sensitive, and has strong operability, and the detection results are reliable and intuitive. It is suitable for detection in the process of failure analysis of steel components, and can quickly determine whether there are original defects at the fracture of galvanized steel components, and the failure can be adjusted according to the detection results. The direction of the analysis and the judgment of the cause of failure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of failure analysis of galvanized steel members of power grid transmission lines, in particular to a method for quickly judging original defects of the galvanized steel members.
Background
Along with the development of social economy in China, the electric power demand is expanded, the safety problem of a power transmission network is increasingly prominent, and the safety and reliability of the power transmission network structure such as a power transmission line tower serving as a main structure of the power network are particularly important for guaranteeing the safe transmission of electric power. At present, the base material of the national power transmission tower mainly adopts a carbon steel base material, the surface of the base material is protected by galvanizing, the method is an economic and effective protection means, and the outdoor service life of the related steel structure can be greatly prolonged. Although the galvanizing technology can obviously prolong the outdoor service life of the steel member, original defects on the surface and the near surface of the steel member are covered, so that potential safety hazards after the steel member is put into operation are formed, and the failure reason is difficult to judge.
The atomic number contrast is a contrast formed by a difference in atomic number (chemical composition) of a substance on the surface of a sample. The physical signal sensitive to the change of the atomic number on the surface of the sample is used as a modulation signal of the kinescope, so that an atomic number contrast image can be obtained. The contrast of the backscattered electron image and the absorbed electron image both contain atomic number contrast, and the contrast of the characteristic X-ray image (electron probe) is the atomic number contrast. The backscattered electrons are higher in energy and leave the sample surface along a straight track to the sample surface facing away from the detector, and the backscattered electrons cannot be collected by the detector and become a shadow, so that the image shows strong contrast. In the range of atomic numbers less than 40, the yield of backscattered electrons is very sensitive to atomic number. When the analysis is carried out, the image on the fluorescent screen is brighter due to more collected backscattered electrons in the area with higher atomic number on the sample, so that the relative height of the atomic number in the corresponding area can be judged according to the brightness contrast of the backscattered electron image, and meanwhile, the analysis of different types of precipitated phases on the grain boundary or in the grain is very effective by utilizing the atomic number contrast.
The atomic number of Zn is 30, the atomic number of Fe is 26, theoretically, the area with high Zn element content should be brighter, and the Fe group is darker, which is very beneficial for judging whether the galvanized steel member has original defects before the galvanizing process to cause the zinc liquid to permeate into the fracture and making whether the galvanized steel member has the original defects.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for quickly judging the original defects of the galvanized steel member, which is simple, quick, sensitive and strong in operability.
In order to solve the problems, the method for quickly judging the original defects of the galvanized steel member is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and intercepting the fracture longitudinal section to perform back-scattered electron scanning aiming at the galvanized steel member of the power transmission and transformation equipment with cracking or fracture failure, and calibrating elements Zn and Fe by line scanning to judge whether the fracture has a zinc liquid infiltration phenomenon.
Before the back scattering electron scanning is carried out, the intercepted fracture longitudinal section sample needs to be subjected to ultrasonic cleaning and drying.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the method fully utilizes the characteristic that the backscattered electrons can reflect the surface composition characteristics of the sample, judges the relative high and low conditions of the atomic number in the corresponding area through the brightness and darkness contrast of the formed backscattered electron image, and carries out element calibration on the bright and dark area, so as to quickly judge whether the zinc liquid permeates into the fracture longitudinal section of the galvanized steel component, thereby realizing the quick detection of whether the original defects exist in the steel component of the power transmission and distribution line of the power grid.
2. The method is simple, quick, sensitive, strong in operability, reliable and intuitive in detection result, suitable for developing detection in the failure analysis process of the steel member, capable of quickly judging whether the original defect exists at the fracture of the galvanized steel member, and capable of adjusting the failure analysis direction and the failure reason judgment according to the detection result.
Drawings
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a backscattering analysis according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the energy spectrum analysis of the present invention.
Detailed Description
A method for rapidly judging original defects of galvanized steel components comprises the following steps: intercepting a fracture longitudinal section for carrying out back-scattered electron scanning aiming at a galvanized steel member of electric transmission and transformation equipment which is cracked or fails in fracture, and observing whether a bright-dark area exists on the surface of an image from the edge or not; and calibrating elements Zn and Fe by line scanning, thus judging whether the fracture has molten zinc infiltration phenomenon, and proving that the steel member has original defects before galvanization, so that the molten zinc penetrates into the steel member from the original defects during galvanization.
The specific process is as follows:
the fracture longitudinal section is intercepted aiming at a galvanized steel component of electric transmission and transformation equipment with cracking or fracture failure.
And ultrasonically cleaning and drying the intercepted fracture longitudinal section sample.
Fixing the sample to a scanning electron microscope sample table by using conductive adhesive, and placing the sample table to an electron microscope sample bin.
And fourthly, after the vacuum state of the scanning electron microscope is prepared, adjusting the imaging mode of the scanning electron microscope to be a back scattering imaging mode, and then observing the micro morphology of the surface of the sample in a back scattering electron imaging mode. There are distinct bright areas extending inward at the crack origin, while the remaining areas appear darker. The atomic number of Zn is 30 and the atomic number of Fe is 26, theoretically, the region with high Zn element content should be brighter, the Fe aggregate as a whole is darker, which is also demonstrated by the lighter region of the crack origin in fig. 1.
Fifthly, adjusting the imaging mode of the scanning electron microscope to be the secondary electron imaging mode, opening a transmission channel between the scanning electron microscope and the energy spectrometer, then opening a line scanning mode of the energy spectrometer, and starting energy spectrum line scanning detection of the scanning electron microscope at different positions, as shown in fig. 2. From FIG. 2, it can be found that there is uneven Zn element at the fracture surface, but the Zn element content at the crack initiation fracture part is obviously higher than that at the other fracture surface detection parts, and the Zn element content at the crack termination zone is obviously reduced.
[ working principle ]
Backscattered electrons are generated by elastic scattering. When electrons in the main electron beam approach the nuclei in the sample, their trajectories are deviated by the force of the positive charges in the nuclei. The yield of backscattered electrons depends on the size of the nuclei. Therefore, the backscattered electrons mainly reflect the composition characteristics of the sample surface, i.e. the parts of the sample with large average atomic number Z generate strong backscattered electron signals, and form bright areas on the image; while the lower average atomic number region produces less backscattered electrons and forms a darker region in the image, thus forming the atomic number contrast (component contrast) of the sample surface.
According to the relation between the back-scattered electron coefficient (η) and the atomic number (Z): eta ═ 0.0254+0.016Z-0.000186Z2+8.3×10-7Z3(ii) a It is known that the back-scattered electron coefficient increases with an increase in atomic number. The backscattered electrons have high energy and escape from the sample surface in a straight trajectory, and for the sample surface facing away from the detector, they appear as a shadow due to the inability of the detector to collect the backscattered electrons, thus showing a strong contrast in the image, and the yield of backscattered electrons is very sensitive to atomic number in the range where the atomic number Z is less than 40. Therefore, qualitative composition analysis can be performed on various metals and alloys by using the contrast change caused by the atomic number. The areas of heavy elements in the sample are bright areas relative to the image, while the areas of light elements are dark areas. When the analysis with higher precision is carried out, the bright and dark areas are calibrated in advance, and a satisfactory result can be obtained. When the fracture of the galvanized steel member has an original defect, a longitudinal section of the fracture is cut out to perform back-scattered electron imaging scanning electron microscope analysis, so that a bright area which obviously extends inwards can be seen in the crack source part, and the rest parts are darker areas. The areas are calibrated by utilizing an energy spectrum of a scanning electron microscope, so that the higher Zn element content in the bright areas and the higher Fe element content in the darker areas can be verified, and the original defects of the steel member before galvanization can be proved, and the original defects of the molten zinc can be proved to exist when the molten zinc is galvanizedDeep into the steel member.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111198842.9A CN114113179A (en) | 2021-10-14 | 2021-10-14 | Method for rapidly judging original defects of galvanized steel component |
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| CN202111198842.9A CN114113179A (en) | 2021-10-14 | 2021-10-14 | Method for rapidly judging original defects of galvanized steel component |
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Citations (12)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09113465A (en) * | 1995-10-18 | 1997-05-02 | Nippon Steel Corp | Surface defect detector for galvanized steel sheet |
| JP2004198414A (en) * | 2002-12-06 | 2004-07-15 | Polyplastics Co | Fractography method for crystalline polymer material |
| WO2005008223A2 (en) * | 2003-07-18 | 2005-01-27 | Applied Materials Israel, Ltd. | Methods for defect detection and process monitoring based on sem images |
| US20050139291A1 (en) * | 2003-04-18 | 2005-06-30 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Zinc hot dip galvanized steel plate excellent in press formability and method for production thereof |
| JP2006119108A (en) * | 2004-09-24 | 2006-05-11 | Fujitsu Ltd | Analysis apparatus and inspection method |
| JP2006317379A (en) * | 2005-05-16 | 2006-11-24 | Nippon Steel Corp | Determining the cause of abnormal appearance on the surface of hot-dip galvanized steel sheet |
| CN1975994A (en) * | 2005-11-29 | 2007-06-06 | 国际商业机器公司 | Method of detecting defect evoked by processing image |
| CN103364381A (en) * | 2007-12-17 | 2013-10-23 | 生命技术公司 | Methods for detecting defects in inorganic-coated polymer surfaces |
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-
2021
- 2021-10-14 CN CN202111198842.9A patent/CN114113179A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (12)
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| JP2004198414A (en) * | 2002-12-06 | 2004-07-15 | Polyplastics Co | Fractography method for crystalline polymer material |
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| WO2005008223A2 (en) * | 2003-07-18 | 2005-01-27 | Applied Materials Israel, Ltd. | Methods for defect detection and process monitoring based on sem images |
| JP2006119108A (en) * | 2004-09-24 | 2006-05-11 | Fujitsu Ltd | Analysis apparatus and inspection method |
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Application publication date: 20220301 |