CN114108187A - Mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114108187A CN114108187A CN202111507864.9A CN202111507864A CN114108187A CN 114108187 A CN114108187 A CN 114108187A CN 202111507864 A CN202111507864 A CN 202111507864A CN 114108187 A CN114108187 A CN 114108187A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
- D04H3/147—Composite yarns or filaments
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于超细纤维非织造材料技术领域，提供了一种混纤长丝超细纤维非织造材料的制备方法，通过控制聚合物B的粘度低于聚合物C的粘度，实现了聚合物B对聚合物C的包覆，从而得到了海岛型纤维；采用与聚合物A和聚合物C均不相同的聚合物B，使得在萃取的过程中可以溶解全部聚合物B，实现了海岛型纤维与裂离型纤维复合的同时有效减小了海岛型纤维的纤维直径，并避免了裂离纤维的紧密堆积，提升了非织造材料的尺寸效应和表面效应。实施例的结果显示，本发明提供的制备方法制备的混纤长丝超细纤维非织造材料的透气性为550mm/s，透湿性为6000g/(m2·24h)，厚度为0.34mm，柔软度为5.2mm。
The invention belongs to the technical field of superfine fiber nonwoven materials, and provides a preparation method of a mixed fiber filament superfine fiber nonwoven material. By controlling the viscosity of polymer B to be lower than that of polymer C, the effect of polymer B on Coating of polymer C, thus obtaining sea-island fibers; using polymer B that is different from polymer A and polymer C, so that all polymer B can be dissolved during the extraction process, realizing sea-island fibers and polymers. The split fiber composite effectively reduces the fiber diameter of the islands-in-the-sea fibers, avoids the close packing of the split fibers, and improves the size effect and surface effect of the nonwoven material. The results of the examples show that the mixed fiber filament ultrafine fiber nonwoven material prepared by the preparation method provided by the present invention has an air permeability of 550 mm/s, a moisture permeability of 6000 g/(m 2 ·24h), a thickness of 0.34 mm, and a softness of 0.34 mm. is 5.2mm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of superfine fiber non-woven materials, in particular to a mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The superfine fiber non-woven material has the characteristics of large specific surface area, high porosity, good pore canal connectivity and the like due to the size effect and the surface effect caused by fiber diameter thinning, is widely applied to the fields of medical sanitation, filtration and separation, safety protection, vehicles, geotechnical buildings and the like, becomes an important component of the current strategic new material, and is the key point and the introduction of competitive development in the field of global fiber materials.
At present, the preparation method of the superfine fiber non-woven material mainly comprises a melt-blowing method, an electrostatic spinning method, a flash evaporation method and a composite spinning method. Among them, the composite spinning method is commonly used, and the composite spinning method includes sea-island type and split type- (hollow) orange segment type/m-shaped. However, there is no report on the compounding of sea-island type fibers and split type fibers into ultrafine fiber nonwoven materials in the prior art.
The prior document (preparation and performance of superfine fiber synthetic leather base cloth, Permance of flowers, super-surpassing, textile science, 9 months 2020) discloses that the synthetic leather base cloth is prepared by utilizing superfine fibers, and a micro/nano fiber composite non-woven material is obtained by blending hollow orange petal type double-component spun-bonded polyester/polyamide 6 composite fibers (the fiber diameter after splitting is 4-5 mu m) and electrostatic spinning polyacrylonitrile nano fibers (the average fiber diameter is 120nm), carding and spunlacing. This document also discloses the compounding of split fibers with electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers into nonwoven materials, and does not describe the compounding of split fibers with sea-island fibers into microfiber nonwoven materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material, a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a preparation method of a mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) melting the polymer A to obtain a first melt;
(2) mixing and melting the polymer B and the polymer C to obtain a second melt; the polymer B is different from the polymer A and the polymer C; the viscosity of polymer B is lower than the viscosity of polymer C;
(3) respectively enabling the first melt obtained in the step (1) and the second melt obtained in the step (2) to pass through a spinneret plate and then compounding into matrix fibril type composite filaments, and then forming a net to obtain a matrix fibril type composite filament fiber net;
(4) sequentially splitting and consolidating the matrix fibril type composite filament fiber web obtained in the step (3) to obtain a split type composite fiber non-woven material;
(5) and (4) sequentially extracting, shaping and winding the split type composite fiber non-woven material obtained in the step (4) to obtain the mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material.
Preferably, the polymer a in the step (1) comprises polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene or derivatives thereof.
Preferably, the polymer B in step (2) comprises low density polyethylene, cellulose acetate butyrate or cellulose acetate propionate.
Preferably, the polymer C in the step (2) comprises polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyethylene, polystyrene, polyphenylene sulfide, vinyl alcohol-ethylene copolymer or derivatives thereof.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the polymer B to the polymer C in the step (2) is (2-8): (2-8); the mass ratio of the first melt to the second melt in the step (3) is (2-5): (5-8).
Preferably, the matrix fibril type composite filament of the step (3) includes alternately arranged splittable fibers and islands-in-the-sea fibers; the number of the split fibers is 8-128; the islands in the islands-in-the-sea fiber are adventitious islands.
Preferably, the split release composite fiber nonwoven material of step (4) comprises orange-petal fibers M1 and orange-petal fibers M2; the orange petal type fiber M1 is composed of a polymer A, and the diameter of the orange petal type fiber M1 is 3000-10000 nm; the orange-petal-shaped fiber M2 comprises a polymer B and a polymer C, and the diameter of the orange-petal-shaped fiber M2 is 3000-5000 nm.
Preferably, the extractant used in the extraction in step (5) comprises NaOH solution, toluene or benzene.
The invention provides the mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme, the mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material comprises two or more superfine fibers with different diameters, and the diameter difference of the superfine fibers with different diameters is 1000-9900 nm.
The invention also provides the application of the mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material in synthetic leather, separation and purification, biomedicine, sensing or energy sources.
The invention provides a preparation method of a mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material, which comprises the following steps: melting the polymer A to obtain a first melt; mixing and melting the polymer B and the polymer C to obtain a second melt; the polymer B is different from the polymer A and the polymer C; the viscosity of polymer B is lower than the viscosity of polymer C; respectively enabling the first melt and the second melt to pass through a spinneret plate and then compounding into matrix fibril type composite filaments, and then forming a net to obtain a matrix fibril type composite filament fiber net; sequentially splitting and consolidating the matrix fibril type composite filament fiber net to obtain a split type composite fiber non-woven material; and (3) sequentially extracting, shaping and winding the split composite fiber non-woven material to obtain the mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material. The invention adopts three polymers as raw materials, obtains the non-woven material compounded by sea-island fibers and split-type fibers by spinning, web forming, fiber opening, consolidation and extraction, and comprises two or more than two superfine fibers with different diameters, wherein the superfine fiber with large diameter bears the main mechanical property, and the superfine fiber with small diameter endows the mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material with the characteristics of softness, water absorption, moisture permeability, visual effect and the like. The invention realizes the coating of the polymer B on the polymer C by controlling the viscosity of the polymer B to be lower than that of the polymer C, thereby obtaining the sea-island fiber; the polymer B which is different from the polymer A and the polymer C is adopted, so that all the polymer B can be dissolved in the extraction process, the sea-island fiber and the split-type fiber are compounded, the fiber diameter of the sea-island fiber is effectively reduced, the tight accumulation of the split-type fiber is avoided, and the size effect and the surface effect of the non-woven material are improved. The results of the examples show that the superfine fiber nonwoven material of the mixed fiber filament prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention has the air permeability of 550mm/s and the moisture permeability of 6000 g/(m)224h) thickness of 0.34mm and softness of 5.2 mm.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus used in the process route of the present invention;
wherein 1, 1-1-hopper; 2. 2-2-screw extruder; 3. 3-2-metering pump; 4-spinning the assembly; 5-side blowing cooling air; 6-a drafting device; 7-forming a net curtain; 8-negative pressure suction; 9-a filament web; 10-a fiber opening device; 11-a guide roller; 12-a reduction tank; 13-drying oven; 14-a winding device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the spinning assembly of the apparatus used in the process route of the present invention;
wherein 41-feeding plate, 41a, 41 b-feeding hole; 42-a flow guide plate; 421a, 421 b-flow channel; 422-diversion trench; 423-diversion holes; 43-spinneret plate; 431-spinneret plate leading-in holes; 432-spinneret plate orifice reduction; 433-spinneret holes;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a matrix fibril type composite filament fiber prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an SEM image of a cross-section of a hybrid filament microfiber nonwoven material prepared in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of a mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) melting the polymer A to obtain a first melt;
(2) mixing and melting the polymer B and the polymer C to obtain a second melt; the polymer B is different from the polymer A and the polymer C; the viscosity of polymer B is lower than the viscosity of polymer C;
(3) respectively enabling the first melt obtained in the step (1) and the second melt obtained in the step (2) to pass through a spinneret plate and then compounding into matrix fibril type composite filaments, and then forming a net to obtain a matrix fibril type composite filament fiber net;
(4) sequentially splitting and consolidating the matrix fibril type composite filament fiber web obtained in the step (3) to obtain a split type composite fiber non-woven material;
(5) and (4) sequentially extracting, shaping and winding the split type composite fiber non-woven material obtained in the step (4) to obtain the mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material.
The invention melts polymer A to obtain a first melt. The invention prepares the polymer A into melt through melting, which is convenient for spinning.
In the present invention, the polymer a preferably includes polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene or a derivative thereof, and more preferably polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide or polyacrylonitrile. The invention preferably adopts the substances as the polymer A, which is beneficial to obtaining the mixed fiber filament ultrafine fiber non-woven material with good mechanical property.
The present invention is not particularly limited to the melting operation of the polymer a, and a method of melting a polymer known to those skilled in the art may be employed. In the present invention, the apparatus used for the melting is preferably a single screw extruder; the melting is preferably carried out in a stepwise manner. In the present invention, the temperature of the melting is controlled depending on the kind of the polymer a.
According to the invention, the polymer B and the polymer C are mixed and melted to obtain a second melt. The invention realizes the coating of the polymer B on the polymer C by mixing and melting the polymer B and the polymer C, thereby obtaining the sea-island fiber.
In the present invention, the polymer B is different from both the polymer A and the polymer C. According to the invention, the polymer B which is different from the polymer A and the polymer C is adopted, so that all the polymer B can be dissolved in the extraction process, the sea-island fiber and the split-type fiber are compounded, the fiber diameter of the sea-island fiber is effectively reduced, and the size effect and the surface effect of the non-woven material are improved.
In the present invention, the viscosity of the polymer B is lower than that of the polymer C. The invention realizes the coating of the polymer B on the polymer C by controlling the viscosity of the polymer B to be lower than that of the polymer C, thereby obtaining the sea-island fiber. In the present invention, the difference in viscosity between the polymer B and the polymer C is preferably 1.5 to 2.5 pas.
In the present invention, the melting point of the polymer B is preferably close to that of the polymer C. The invention preferably adopts the polymer B and the polymer C with similar melting points to prepare the sea-island fiber, which is beneficial to simplifying the melting process.
In the present invention, the ratio of the apparent viscosities of the polymer A and the polymer B is preferably 0.8 to 1.2, and more preferably 0.8 to 1.0. In the invention, the apparent viscosities of the polymer A and the polymer B influence the spinning process, and the viscosities of the two polymers during melt spinning are similar, so that when the two polymers simultaneously reach the spinning nozzle of the spinneret plate, a flat interface is formed during compounding of the two polymers, and fiber separation is further facilitated.
In the present invention, the polymer B preferably includes low density polyethylene, cellulose acetate butyrate or cellulose acetate propionate, more preferably low density polyethylene or cellulose acetate butyrate. The invention preferably adopts the substance as the polymer B, which is beneficial to realizing the rapid dissolution of the polymer B in the extraction process, thereby reducing the fiber diameter of the sea-island fiber and improving the size effect and the surface effect of the non-woven material.
In the present invention, the polymer C preferably includes polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyethylene, polystyrene, polyphenylene sulfide, vinyl alcohol-ethylene copolymer or a derivative thereof, more preferably polyamide, polystyrene or polyphenylene sulfide. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the polyamide is preferably polyamide 6. The invention preferably adopts the substances as the polymer C, which is beneficial to obtaining the soft, water-absorbing and moisture-permeable superfine fiber nonwoven material of the mixed fiber filament.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the polymer B to the polymer C is preferably (2-8): (2-8), more preferably (3-4): (6-7).
The present invention is not particularly limited to the melting operation after mixing the polymer B and the polymer C, and a method for melting a polymer known to those skilled in the art may be used. In the present invention, the apparatus used for the melting is preferably a twin-screw extruder; the melting is preferably carried out in a stepwise manner. In the present invention, the temperature of the melting is controlled depending on the kinds of the polymer B and the polymer C.
After the first melt and the second melt are obtained, the first melt and the second melt are respectively compounded into the matrix fibril type composite filament through a spinneret plate, and then the web formation is carried out, so as to obtain the matrix fibril type composite filament fiber web.
The first melt and the second melt are respectively passed through a spinneret plate to obtain the precursor of the matrix fibril type composite filament. According to the invention, after the first melt and the second melt respectively pass through the spinneret plate, the split-type fiber and the sea-island fiber which are alternately arranged are obtained. In the invention, the hole pattern of the spinneret plate is preferably 8-128 hollow orange petals, and more preferably 8 or 16 hollow orange petals; the 16-segment hollow orange segment type is preferably 8+8 type; the number of holes of the spinneret plate is preferably 2000-2500 holes/m.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the first melt to the second melt is preferably (2-5): (5-8), more preferably (3-5): (5-6).
After obtaining the matrix fibril type composite filament precursor, the invention compounds the matrix fibril type composite filament precursor. In the present invention, the matrix fibril type composite filament precursor is preferably combined by sequentially passing through the spinneret orifice and the spinneret hole.
After the compounding is completed, the present invention preferably drafts the compounded product to obtain a matrix fibril type composite filament. In the present invention, the equipment for drawing is preferably a tubular drawing machine; the speed of the drafting is preferably 5000-6000 m/s; the pressure of the drawing is preferably 4.2-4.5 bar. In the present invention, the drawing is preferably performed under the action of cooling wind; the cooling air is preferably blown out in a side blowing manner; the pressure of the cooling air is preferably 550-600 Pa; the temperature of the cooling air is preferably 15-18 ℃; the humidity of the cooling air is preferably 70-75%; the device that blows out the cooling wind is preferably an air conditioner.
In the present invention, the matrix fibril type composite filament preferably includes split type fibers and sea-island type fibers alternately arranged. In the present invention, the ingredient of the splittable fiber is preferably polymer a; the number of lobes of the split fibers is preferably 8-128, more preferably 8-16, and most preferably 16. In the present invention, the structure of the split type fiber is preferably a hollow structure. In the present invention, the number of lobes of the splittable fiber is preferably controlled by a spinneret.
In the present invention, the components of the sea-island type fiber are preferably polymer B and polymer C; the islands in the islands-in-the-sea fiber are preferably adventitious islands. The invention preferably adopts an island-in-sea spinning method with indefinite islands to prepare the island-in-sea fiber, and compared with the traditional island-in-sea spinning method, the invention has the advantages of low spinning speed, small drafting multiplying power and suitability for most thermoplastic high polymer.
After the matrix fibril type composite filament is obtained, the matrix fibril type composite filament is subjected to net forming to obtain a matrix fibril type composite filament fiber net.
The operation of the web formation is not particularly limited in the present invention, and a web formation method known to those skilled in the art may be used. The invention preferably accomplishes the netting by a netting curtain. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the grammage of the matrix fibril type composite filament web is preferably 100g/m2。
After the matrix fibril type composite filament fiber net is obtained, the matrix fibril type composite filament fiber net is subjected to fiber splitting and consolidation in sequence to obtain the split type composite fiber non-woven material. The invention separates the matrix fibril composite filament into two fibers with different diameters by fiber splitting, and simultaneously achieves the purpose of consolidating the fiber web.
The operation of the fiber opening is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the technical scheme of the fiber opening known to those skilled in the art can be adopted. In the present invention, the opening is preferably needle-punching opening and water-punching opening.
In the present invention, the pressure of the needling is preferably 5 MPa. In the invention, the hydroentangling preferably adopts four zones to control the hydroentangling pressure, and the pressure of each zone is respectively: 10MPa in the 1-zone, 15MPa in the 2-zone, 15MPa in the 3-zone and 10MPa in the 4-zone.
In the present invention, the splittable conjugate fiber nonwoven material preferably comprises orange-peel fibers M1 and orange-peel fibers M2. In the present invention, the component of the orange-peel fiber M1 is preferably polymer a; the diameter of the orange section fiber M1 is preferably 3000-10000 nm, and more preferably 3000-5000 nm. In the present invention, the components of the orange-peel fiber M2 are preferably polymer B and polymer C; the diameter of the orange-petal-shaped fiber M2 is preferably 3000-5000 nm, and more preferably 3000-4000 nm.
After the split composite fiber non-woven material is obtained, the split composite fiber non-woven material is sequentially extracted, shaped and wound to obtain the mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material.
In the present invention, the extractant used for the extraction preferably comprises NaOH solution, toluene or benzene, more preferably NaOH solution.
The invention dissolves all the polymer B by extraction. In the invention, the extraction time is preferably 10-30 min, and more preferably 20-30 min.
In the present invention, when the polymer B is completely dissolved, the resulting hybrid filament microfiber nonwoven material preferably includes orange-petal type fibers and round type fibers; the round fiber is distributed on the surface of the orange petal-shaped fiber and inside the assembly of the orange petal-shaped fiber to form a plush and release structure. In the present invention, the component of the orange-peel fibers is preferably polymer a; the diameter of the orange petal-shaped fiber is preferably 3000-10000 nm, and more preferably 3000-5000 nm. In the present invention, the composition of the round fibers is preferably polymer C; the diameter of the circular fiber is preferably 100-2000 nm, and more preferably 100-1500 nm.
In the invention, the setting temperature is preferably 100-150 ℃; the setting time is preferably 30-50 min.
The structure diagram of the device used in the preparation method of the mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material is shown in figure 1, wherein a polymer A is fed from a hopper and forms a first melt through a screw extruder, a polymer B and a polymer C are fed from another hopper and form a second melt through the screw extruder; the first melt and the second melt respectively enter a spinning assembly through a metering pump to realize compounding, are drafted through a drafter, form a filament fiber web on a web forming curtain, are sent into a fiber opening device to be opened and solidified, are guided into a decrement tank containing an extracting agent by a guide roller to be extracted, enter a drying box to be shaped after extraction is finished, and finally pass through a winding device to obtain the mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material.
The structure diagram of the spinning assembly in the device used in the preparation method provided by the invention is shown in figure 2, a first melt and a second melt respectively enter a material inlet and a flow passage in sequence through a metering pump, then the melts are guided into a guide hole through a guide channel and then flow into a spinneret plate guide hole to prepare split-type fibers and sea-island fibers, and finally the split-type fibers and the sea-island fibers are compounded through a spinneret plate hole and a spinneret hole to obtain the matrix fibril type composite filament precursor.
The invention adopts three polymers as raw materials, obtains the non-woven material compounded by sea-island fibers and split-type fibers by spinning, net forming, fiber opening, consolidation and extraction, and comprises two or more than two superfine fibers with different diameters, wherein the superfine fiber with large diameter bears the main mechanical property, and the superfine fiber with small diameter endows the mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material with the characteristics of softness, water absorption, moisture permeability, visual effect and the like; the coating of the polymer B on the polymer C is realized by controlling the viscosity of the polymer B to be lower than that of the polymer C, so that the sea-island fiber is obtained; the polymer B which is different from the polymer A and the polymer C is adopted, so that all the polymer B can be dissolved in the extraction process, the sea-island fiber and the split-type fiber are compounded, the fiber diameter of the sea-island fiber is effectively reduced, the tight accumulation of the split-type fiber is avoided, and the size effect and the surface effect of the non-woven material are improved.
The invention provides the mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme, and the mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material comprises two or more superfine fibers with different diameters.
The mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material provided by the invention comprises two or more superfine fibers with different diameters, the superfine fiber with the large diameter bears the main mechanical property, and the superfine fiber with the small diameter endows the mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material with the characteristics of softness, water absorption, moisture permeability, visual effect and the like.
In the invention, the diameter difference of the superfine fibers with different diameters is 1000-9900 nm, and preferably 1500-4000 nm.
The invention also provides the application of the mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material in synthetic leather, separation and purification, biomedicine, sensing or energy sources.
The method for applying the mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material in synthetic leather, separation and purification, biomedicine, sensing or energy sources is not particularly limited, and the method for applying the non-woven material in the synthetic leather, separation and purification, biomedicine, sensing or energy sources, which is well known by the technical personnel in the field, can be adopted.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material consists of polyethylene terephthalate fiber with a cross section in an orange petal shape and a diameter of 3000-5000 nm and polyamide 6 fiber with a cross section in a circular shape and a diameter of 100-1500 nm.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) adding polyethylene terephthalate into a single-screw extruder through a hopper for segmented melting to obtain a first melt; wherein the temperature of the sectional melting is 295 ℃;
(2) mixing low-density polyethylene and polyamide 6 according to the mass ratio of 7:3, adding the mixture into a double-screw extruder through another hopper, and carrying out sectional melting to obtain a second melt; wherein the temperature of the sectional melting is 270 ℃; the viscosity difference between the low-density polyethylene and the polyamide 6 was 2.05 pas; the apparent viscosity ratio of polyethylene terephthalate to low density polyethylene was 1.0;
(3) mixing the first melt obtained in the step (1) and the first melt obtained in the step (2)The second melt is respectively converged into a spinning assembly through a metering pump, split type fibers and sea-island fibers are formed through a spinneret plate (the specification of the spinneret plate is 8+8 hollow orange petal type, 2000 holes/m) in the spinning assembly, the split type fibers and the sea-island fibers are compounded through the spinneret plate shrinkage holes and the spinneret holes in the spinning assembly, then the split type fibers and the sea-island fibers are drafted under the action of side-blown cooling air to form matrix fibril type composite filaments, and finally, uniform lapping is carried out on a lapping screen to obtain the lapping screen with the gram weight of 100g/m2The matrix fibril type composite filament web of (4); wherein the mass ratio of the first melt to the second melt is 5:5, the number of the split fibers is 16, and the islands in the island fibers are indefinite islands; the speed of the drawing is 5000m/s, and the pressure of the drawing is 4.2 bar; the pressure of the cooling air is 550Pa, the temperature of the cooling air is 15 ℃, and the humidity of the cooling air is 70%;
(4) prewetting the matrix fibril type composite filament fiber web obtained in the step (3), and then sequentially carrying out needling and spunlace to obtain a split type composite fiber non-woven material consisting of orange segment type fibers M1 and orange segment type fibers M2; wherein the orange petal type fiber M1 is composed of a polymer A with the diameter of 3000-5000 nm, and the orange petal type fiber M2 is composed of a polymer B and a polymer C with the diameter of 3000-4000 nm; the pressure of the needling is 5MPa, and the pressure of the spunlacing is as follows: 10MPa in the 1 region, 15MPa in the 2 region, 15MPa in the 3 region and 10MPa in the 4 region;
(5) and (3) placing the split type composite fiber non-woven material obtained in the step (4) into a circulating extraction device filled with NaOH solution for extraction for 25min, drying the non-woven material at 100 ℃ for 30min after the polymer B is completely dissolved, and winding to obtain the mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the matrix fibril type composite filament prepared in this example. As can be seen from fig. 3, the split fibers and the sea-island fibers of the matrix fibril type composite filament prepared in this example were alternately arranged, the cross section of the split fibers was an orange petal shape, the cross section of the sea-island fibers was a sea-island structure, and the cross section of the islands in the sea-island fibers was a circle.
Example 2
The mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material consists of polyethylene terephthalate fibers with the cross section of an orange petal shape and the diameter of 3000-5000 nm and polyamide 6 fibers with the cross section of a circular shape and the diameter of 100-1500 nm;
the difference from example 1 is that the low density polyethylene was replaced with cellulose acetate butyrate.
Fig. 4 is an SEM image of a cross-section of the mixed filament microfiber nonwoven material prepared in this example. As can be seen from fig. 4, the orange petal fibers are uniformly mixed with the round fibers to form the mixed filament microfiber nonwoven material.
Example 3
The mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material consists of polyethylene terephthalate fibers with the cross section shape of orange petal and the diameter of 5000-10000 nm and polyamide 6 fibers with the cross section shape of round and the diameter of 200-2000 nm;
the difference from example 1 is that the number of lobes was changed from 16 lobes to 8 lobes, and the mass ratio of low density polyethylene to polyamide 6 was changed from 7:3 to 6: 4.
Comparative example
(1) Respectively conveying and drying polyethylene terephthalate slices and polyamide 6 slices (wherein the drying temperature of the polyethylene terephthalate is 140 ℃ and the drying temperature of the polyamide 6 is 60 ℃), extruding and melting the polyethylene terephthalate slices and the polyamide 6 slices by a screw extruder (the melting temperature of the polyethylene terephthalate is 275-285 ℃ and the melting temperature of the polyamide 6 is 253-268 ℃), filtering by a filter, quantifying by a metering pump (the mass ratio of the polyamide 6 of the polyethylene terephthalate is 7: 3), conveying the polyethylene terephthalate slices and the polyamide 6 slices into a 280-DEG C spinning box, sequentially spraying the polyethylene terephthalate slices and the polyamide 6 slices by a spinneret plate (the specification of the spinneret plate is 8+8 hollow petal type, 2000 holes/meter), cooling by side blowing (the pressure is 600Pa, the temperature is 15 ℃, the humidity is 70%), and drawing filaments by a tubular drawing device (the pressure for drawing the filaments is 4.2bar, and the speed for drawing is 5000m/s) to obtain a composite, then the composite filaments are uniformly laid on a net conveying curtain to form a fiber net;
(2) pre-wetting the fiber web obtained in the step (1), performing 3-channel spunlace, and finally drying (the drying equipment is a six-cylinder drying machine, and the drying form is a hot air typeThe heating mode of penetration and drying is heat transfer oil heating), trimming and winding to obtain the product with the gram weight of 85g/m2The bicomponent spun-bonded spunlace superfine fiber non-woven material.
The nonwoven materials prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative examples were tested for softness according to NFG 52-033-: determination of air Permeability the nonwoven materials prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples were tested for air permeability according to GB/T12704.2-200% "method for testing the moisture permeability of textile fabrics part 2: evaporation method the nonwoven materials prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example were subjected to moisture permeability test.
TABLE 1 Properties of nonwovens prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative examples
As can be seen from the above examples, the mixed fiber filament ultrafine fiber nonwoven material prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention is formed by compounding split type fibers and sea-island type fibers, and has good moisture permeability, softness and air permeability, wherein the air permeability is 550mm/s, and the moisture permeability is 6000g/(m & lt/m & gt)224h) thickness of 0.34mm and softness of 5.2 mm.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material comprises the following steps:
(1) melting the polymer A to obtain a first melt;
(2) mixing and melting the polymer B and the polymer C to obtain a second melt; the polymer B is different from the polymer A and the polymer C; the viscosity of polymer B is lower than the viscosity of polymer C;
(3) respectively enabling the first melt obtained in the step (1) and the second melt obtained in the step (2) to pass through a spinneret plate and then compounding into matrix fibril type composite filaments, and then forming a net to obtain a matrix fibril type composite filament fiber net;
(4) sequentially splitting and consolidating the matrix fibril type composite filament fiber web obtained in the step (3) to obtain a split type composite fiber non-woven material;
(5) and (4) sequentially extracting, shaping and winding the split type composite fiber non-woven material obtained in the step (4) to obtain the mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymer A in the step (1) comprises polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene or a derivative thereof.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymer B in the step (2) comprises low density polyethylene, cellulose acetate butyrate or cellulose acetate propionate.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymer C in the step (2) comprises polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyethylene, polystyrene, polyphenylene sulfide, vinyl alcohol-ethylene copolymer, or a derivative thereof.
5. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the polymer B to the polymer C in the step (2) is (2-8): (2-8); the mass ratio of the first melt to the second melt in the step (3) is (2-5): (5-8).
6. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the matrix fibril type composite filament of the step (3) comprises split type fibers and sea-island type fibers alternately arranged; the number of the split fibers is 8-128; the islands in the islands-in-the-sea fiber are adventitious islands.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the splittable composite fiber nonwoven material of step (4) comprises orange-peel fibers M1 and orange-peel fibers M2; the orange petal type fiber M1 is composed of a polymer A, and the diameter of the orange petal type fiber M1 is 3000-10000 nm; the orange-petal-shaped fiber M2 comprises a polymer B and a polymer C, and the diameter of the orange-petal-shaped fiber M2 is 3000-5000 nm.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the extractant used in the extraction in the step (5) comprises NaOH solution, toluene or benzene.
9. The mixed-fiber filament microfiber nonwoven material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising two or more microfibers with different diameters, wherein the difference between the diameters of the microfibers is 1000 to 9900 nm.
10. Use of the hybrid filament microfiber nonwoven material of claim 9 for synthetic leather, separation and purification, biomedical applications, sensing or energy sources.
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