CN114101709A - Heat treatment method for manufacturing titanium alloy by casting-additive composite - Google Patents
Heat treatment method for manufacturing titanium alloy by casting-additive composite Download PDFInfo
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- CN114101709A CN114101709A CN202111428224.9A CN202111428224A CN114101709A CN 114101709 A CN114101709 A CN 114101709A CN 202111428224 A CN202111428224 A CN 202111428224A CN 114101709 A CN114101709 A CN 114101709A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2241/00—Treatments in a special environment
- C21D2241/01—Treatments in a special environment under pressure
- C21D2241/02—Hot isostatic pressing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention is a heat treatment method for casting-additive composite manufacturing titanium alloy, the heat treatment method is aimed at titanium alloy parts, which is an integral part after processing a basal body part through casting and then forming other parts on the local surface of the basal body through additive manufacturing, the other parts are complex structure parts which are considered not to be applicable to casting, the integral titanium alloy is directly subjected to heat treatment, and the heat treatment system is as follows: and heating the integral component to 930-1100 ℃ under the pressure condition of 160-180 MPa, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 1-3 h, then carrying out air cooling to 530-580 ℃, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 2-4 h, and then carrying out air cooling. The invention solves the problem of performance weakening caused by secondary heat treatment of a casting part in the conventional heat treatment method, ensures the integral strength of the composite manufacturing sample piece, simplifies the heat treatment process in the composite manufacturing process, shortens the processing period, reduces the processing cost and has popularization value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heat treatment method for manufacturing a titanium alloy by casting-additive compounding, belonging to the field of metal heat treatment.
Background
Casting is an important technical method for realizing low-cost and near-net-shape manufacturing of metal components, and is particularly suitable for batch production of large-size and complex parts. However, the mechanical properties of cast titanium alloys are relatively low due to shrinkage cavities, shrinkage porosity and coarse solidification structures. The additive manufacturing technology is another method for realizing near-net forming of metal components, the processing process of the method does not need a die, the material utilization rate is high, the processing period is short, the manufactured parts have high density and fine solidification structures, the mechanical properties of the parts are up to or even superior to those of forgings, and the method is particularly suitable for quickly producing large complex metal structural parts which are difficult to machine and have high performance such as titanium alloys and the like, but the cost and the processing time of the additive manufacturing technology are quickly increased along with the increase of the size of the parts, so that the technology is not widely applied in the industrial field. The titanium alloy has the characteristics of low density, high specific strength, good corrosion resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace, automobiles and chemical industry. At present, the research on the foundation and application of casting and additive manufacturing of titanium alloy is relatively complete at home and abroad, the technical maturity is high, and the research on casting-additive manufacturing of composite forming titanium alloy is not sufficient.
The cast titanium alloy is generally subjected to hot isostatic pressing treatment to eliminate casting defects, and then is subjected to solid solution treatment to improve the performance; the structure and performance of the titanium alloy manufactured by the additive are regulated and controlled by high-temperature solid solution and aging treatment at the upper part of the two-phase region. Therefore, if additive manufacturing is carried out on the casting matrix after hot isostatic pressing, and then the composite manufacturing sample piece is subjected to heat treatment once again by adopting the additive manufacturing heat treatment system, the casting part undergoes heat treatment twice or even three times, so that the performance is weakened, and the overall performance of the composite manufacturing sample piece is reduced; meanwhile, the problems of complex process, long processing period, high processing cost and the like are caused by multiple heat treatments of the casting part.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a heat treatment method for casting-additive composite manufacturing of titanium alloy by aiming at the prior art situation through research on the use requirement of a titanium alloy casting-additive composite manufacturing process and a heat treatment method thereof, and aims to solve the hot isostatic pressing requirement of a casting part of a composite manufacturing sample piece and the tissue regulation requirement of an additive manufacturing part through one-time heat treatment, avoid the performance weakening problem caused by multiple heat treatments of the casting part, simplify the post-treatment process of the composite manufacturing process and meet the technical requirements of low cost and short-period processing.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the heat treatment method for casting-additive composite manufacturing of titanium alloy aims at a titanium alloy part, wherein after a base body part is machined through casting, an integral part is manufactured on the local surface of the base body through additive manufacturing, and other parts are formed on the local surface of the base body, the other parts are complex structural parts which are considered to be unsuitable for casting, and the integral titanium alloy is directly subjected to heat treatment, and the heat treatment system comprises the following steps: and heating the integral component to 930-1100 ℃ under the pressure condition of 160-180 MPa, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 1-3 h, then carrying out air cooling to 530-580 ℃, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 2-4 h, then carrying out air cooling, and then carrying out nondestructive testing, finish machining and surface treatment on the integral component.
In practice, the casting is graphite mold casting, sand mold casting, or ceramic mold casting.
In practice, the surface of the substrate to be additively manufactured is treated, including sand blasting, pickling, turning, grinding, milling.
In practice, the high energy beam source used for additive manufacturing is a laser, an arc, or an electron beam.
In practice, the additive manufacturing uses a stock material that is a wire or powder that is the same material as the substrate.
In practice, the additive manufacturing is performed under an inert gas atmosphere, the oxygen content of the atmosphere being below 30 ppm.
In the implementation, the pressurizing and heat-preserving treatment at the temperature of 930-1100 ℃ in the heat treatment is completed by adopting a hot isostatic pressing furnace.
In the implementation, the heat preservation treatment at the temperature of 530-580 ℃ in the heat treatment is completed in a box type resistance furnace for 2-4 h.
The technical scheme is established on the basis of the maximum research and comparison, the research shows that the hot isostatic pressing treatment temperature of the cast titanium alloy is close to the high-temperature solid solution temperature of the upper part of a two-phase region of the additive manufacturing titanium alloy, and meanwhile, the research shows that the performance of the additive manufacturing titanium alloy after hot isostatic pressing treatment can be improved to a certain extent.
According to the technical scheme, a rapid cooling means is introduced into the overall heat treatment process for the composite manufacturing of the titanium alloy sample piece, and the heat treatment temperature, pressure and time suitable for the composite manufacturing of the titanium alloy sample piece are specified. For the composite manufacturing titanium alloy part with direct material increase on the as-cast casting matrix, the treatment method can reduce the defects of the casting part, increase the density of the material increase part and enable the combination area to generate solid solution and aging strengthening, and more importantly, a converter is not needed in the heat treatment process, so that the complicated furnace separation and step heat treatment process is simplified into one-step heat treatment, the hot isostatic pressing requirement of the casting part of the composite manufacturing titanium alloy sample piece and the tissue regulation requirement of the material increase manufacturing part are simultaneously solved, and the performance weakening problem caused by multiple heat treatments of the casting part is avoided. The mechanical property of the titanium alloy sample piece compositely manufactured after the heat treatment by the method is greatly improved, the post-treatment process in the composite manufacturing process is greatly simplified, the energy is saved, the production efficiency is improved, and the technical requirements of low cost and short-period processing are met. The integrated near-net forming manufacturing of the complex dual-performance or multifunctional metal component is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a tensile stress-strain curve of the TC4 alloy compositely manufactured by the heat treatment of the present method in one embodiment
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further detailed in the following by combining the embodiment of the attached drawings:
example one
Referring to the attached figure 1, the method of the invention is used for processing a TC4 titanium alloy sample piece which is formed by precision casting and laser additive manufacturing, and comprises the following steps:
step one, placing a TC4 alloy cast ingot into a vacuum induction melting furnace for melting, and pouring the melted TC4 alloy cast ingot into a ceramic mold to prepare a TC4 casting;
secondly, carrying out light acid washing on the casting, machining the part to be subjected to material increase on the surface of the casting by using a milling machine, and then carrying out alkali washing on the casting to remove surface stains;
thirdly, performing additive manufacturing on the surface of the casting by using a fiber laser inside a forming cavity protected by inert gas, wherein the adopted raw material is TC4 pre-alloyed powder with the same components as the casting, and the diameter of the adopted raw material is 50-150 microns;
fourthly, performing heat preservation and pressure maintaining heat treatment on the whole composite manufacturing part in a hot isostatic pressing furnace at 930-960 ℃/160-180 MPa for 1-3 h, then performing heat preservation and heat treatment by adopting argon cooling (the average cooling rate is 50-150 ℃/min) to 530-560 ℃/2-4 h, and then placing the sample piece in an atmospheric environment for natural cooling;
and step five, after the integral composite manufacturing sample piece is processed and subjected to surface treatment, the tensile strength of the sample piece reaches more than 950MPa, and the performance of a bonding area is higher than that of a casting part, as shown in fig. 2.
Example two
Referring to the attached figure 1, the precision casting-arc additive manufacturing composite forming TC11 titanium alloy part is processed by the method of the invention, and the steps are as follows:
step one, placing a TC11 alloy cast ingot in a vacuum consumable electrode smelting furnace for melting, and pouring the alloy cast ingot into a sand mold to prepare a TC11 casting;
secondly, carrying out light acid washing on the casting, machining the part to be subjected to material increase on the surface of the casting by using a milling machine, and then carrying out alkali washing on the casting to remove surface stains;
thirdly, performing additive manufacturing on the surface of the casting by using an electric arc inside a forming cavity protected by inert gas, wherein the adopted raw material is a TC11 wire material with the same component as the casting and the diameter of the TC11 wire material is 50-150 mu m;
step four, performing heat preservation and pressure maintaining heat treatment on the whole composite manufacturing sample piece in a hot isostatic pressing furnace at the speed of 950-1100 ℃/160-180 MPa/1-3 h, then performing heat preservation and heat treatment by adopting argon cooling (the average cooling rate is 60-200 ℃/min) to the speed of 550-580 ℃/2-4 h, and then placing the sample piece in an atmospheric environment for natural cooling;
and step five, after the integral composite manufacturing part is processed and subjected to surface treatment, the tensile strength of the sample piece reaches over 1000MPa, and the performance of the bonding area is higher than that of the casting part.
Claims (8)
1. A heat treatment method for manufacturing titanium alloy by casting-additive composite is characterized in that: the heat treatment method aims at a titanium alloy part, wherein the titanium alloy part is an integral part which is formed by processing a base body part through casting and then forming other parts on the local surface of the base body through additive manufacturing, the other parts are complex structure parts which are considered not to be suitable for casting, and the finished titanium alloy whole is directly subjected to heat treatment, and the heat treatment system comprises the following steps: and heating the integral component to 930-1100 ℃ under the pressure condition of 160-180 MPa, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 1-3 h, then carrying out air cooling to 530-580 ℃, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 2-4 h, and then carrying out air cooling.
2. The heat treatment method for casting-additive composite manufacturing of titanium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the casting refers to graphite mold casting, sand mold casting and ceramic mold casting.
3. The heat treatment method for casting-additive composite manufacturing of titanium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) processing the surface of the substrate needing additive manufacturing, including sand blasting, acid washing, turning, grinding and milling.
4. The heat treatment method for casting-additive composite manufacturing of titanium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the high-energy beam source adopted by the additive manufacturing is laser, electric arc or electron beam.
5. The heat treatment method for casting-additive composite manufacturing of titanium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the raw material adopted by the additive manufacturing is wire material or powder, and the raw material and the matrix are made of the same material.
6. The heat treatment method for casting-additive composite manufacturing of titanium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the additive manufacturing is carried out under the protection of inert gas, and the oxygen content in the protective atmosphere is lower than 30 ppm.
7. The heat treatment method for casting-additive composite manufacturing of titanium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the pressurizing and heat-preserving treatment at the temperature of 930-1100 ℃ in the heat treatment is completed by adopting a hot isostatic pressing furnace.
8. The heat treatment method for casting-additive composite manufacturing of titanium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the heat preservation treatment at the temperature of 530-580 ℃ in the heat treatment is completed in a box type resistance furnace for 2-4 h.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117286440A (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2023-12-26 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | Heat treatment method for additive manufacturing of nickel-titanium alloy and application thereof |
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