CN114098897A - Balloon type shock wave generation system capable of controlling energy and control method thereof - Google Patents
Balloon type shock wave generation system capable of controlling energy and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A61B17/22004—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves
- A61B17/22012—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves in direct contact with, or very close to, the obstruction or concrement
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- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
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- A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
- A61M25/104—Balloon catheters used for angioplasty
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
- A61B17/22004—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves
- A61B17/22012—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves in direct contact with, or very close to, the obstruction or concrement
- A61B2017/22025—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves in direct contact with, or very close to, the obstruction or concrement applying a shock wave
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- A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
- A61B2017/22051—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for with an inflatable part, e.g. balloon, for positioning, blocking, or immobilisation
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- A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
- A61B2017/22051—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for with an inflatable part, e.g. balloon, for positioning, blocking, or immobilisation
- A61B2017/22062—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for with an inflatable part, e.g. balloon, for positioning, blocking, or immobilisation to be filled with liquid
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
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- A61M2025/1043—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications
- A61M2025/105—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications having a balloon suitable for drug delivery, e.g. by using holes for delivery, drug coating or membranes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
- A61M2025/1043—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications
- A61M2025/109—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications having balloons for removing solid matters, e.g. by grasping or scraping plaque, thrombus or other matters that obstruct the flow
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Abstract
The invention discloses a balloon type shock wave generation system capable of controlling energy, wherein a catheter is provided with an elongated carrier, a balloon is hermetically surrounded at one part of the carrier and can be filled with fluid, a shock wave generator is arranged in the balloon and can generate shock waves in the balloon to enable the balloon to be expanded, a charger is used for charging an energy storage unit, a supercharger is electrically connected with the energy storage unit and used for increasing output voltage and inputting the increased output voltage to a pulse generator, the pulse generator is electrically connected with the shock wave generator and used for inputting pulse voltage to the shock wave generator so as to send the shock waves through the pulse generator, and a processor can adjust the voltage input to the pulse generator according to physiological and pathological characteristics of different calcified tissues so as to adjust the pulse voltage input to the shock wave generator. The pulse amplitude, pulse width and frequency of the output voltage can be effectively controlled, the applied energy is adjusted, and the treatment process is not damaged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a balloon type shock wave generation system capable of controlling energy and a control method thereof.
Background
In recent years, a kind of hydroelectrosurgery based on high voltage discharges within a fluid has been used by clinicians to destroy calcified deposits or stones in the urethra or biliary tract, and therefore, high voltage discharge within a fluid technique can also be used to destroy calcified plaques in the vessel walls. One or more pairs of discharge electrodes are placed in a balloon adopted in percutaneous balloon angioplasty (PTA) to form a set of pressure wave generator device, and then the electrodes are connected to a high-voltage pulse power supply host at the other end of the balloon dilatation catheter through a connector. When the sacculus is placed at the calcification focus in the blood vessel, the system makes pressure wave generator release the pressure wave through applying high-pressure pulse, and the pressure wave can selectively destroy the calcification plaque in the vascular wall, effectively avoids causing the damage to the vascular wall simultaneously.
However, in general, during clinical intervention, a clinician needs to select shock wave balloon catheters with different diameters according to different sizes of treated blood vessels, and needs to set a required working mode or output energy on a high-voltage pulse power supply host according to different types of the shock wave balloon catheters, so that the operation is complex and errors are easy to occur.
In such treatment systems for percutaneous coronary or peripheral angioplasty, a dilatation catheter is used to pass through the lesion in order to dilate the lesion and restore normal blood flow in the artery. This is particularly useful when the lesion is a calcified lesion in the arterial wall. Calcified lesions require high pressure (sometimes up to 10-15 or even 30 atmospheres) to break up the calcified plaque and push it back into the vessel wall. The use of such pressure can cause trauma to the vessel wall, which can lead to vessel rebound, dissection, thrombosis, and high levels of restenosis. When exposed to high pressure, non-concentric calcified lesions can cause excessive pressure on the free wall of the vessel. An angioplasty balloon inflated to high pressure may have a certain maximum diameter to which the balloon will expand, but the opening under a concentric lesion in the vessel will typically be much smaller. When increasing the pressure to open the blood passage, the balloon (before rupturing) will be restricted to the size of the opening in the calcified lesion. As pressure builds, a very large amount of energy is stored in the balloon before the calcified lesion breaks or cracks. This energy is then released and causes the balloon to rapidly expand to its maximum size and can compress and damage the vessel wall.
Current calcified lesions treated with angioplasty balloons require high pressures (sometimes up to 10-15 or even 30 atmospheres) to break up the calcified plaque and push it back into the vessel wall. As such pressure causes trauma to the vessel wall, this can lead to vessel recoil, dissection, thrombosis, and high levels of restenosis. Non-concentric calcified lesions can cause excessive pressure on the free vessel wall when exposed to high pressure. An angioplasty balloon when inflated to high pressure can have a certain maximum diameter to which it will expand but the opening in the vessel under a concentric lesion will typically be much smaller. When the pressure is increased to open the path of the blood vessel, the balloon will be limited to the size of the opening in the calcified lesion (before it breaks). When pressure builds, a significant amount of energy is stored in the balloon until the calcific lesions are destroyed or ruptured. This energy is then released and causes rapid expansion of the balloon to its maximum size and can stress and damage the vessel wall.
More recently, new systems and methods for breaking up calcium deposits, such as in arteries and veins, have been devised. Such a system is described, for example, in U.S. patent publication No. 2009/0312768, published 12-17-2009. Embodiments described herein include a catheter having a balloon, such as an angioplasty balloon, at its distal end, the balloon being arranged to be inflated with a liquid. Disposed within the balloon is a shock wave generator, for example in the form of a pair of electrodes coupled by a connector to a high voltage source at the proximal end of the catheter. When the balloon is placed adjacent to a calcified region of a vein or artery and a high voltage is applied between the electrodes, a shock wave is formed that propagates through the fluid and impinges on the balloon wall and the calcified region. Repeated pulses break up the calcium without damaging the surrounding soft tissue.
Each high voltage pulse causes an arc to form between the electrodes. The arc in turn causes vapor bubbles to form. It is possible for each vapor bubble to produce two shock waves, a leading edge shock wave as a result of bubble expansion and a trailing edge shock wave as a result of bubble collapse. The trailing edge shockwaves exhibit highly variable energy levels and energy levels that are typically much greater than the leading edge shockwaves. The energy level of the trailing edge shock wave depends primarily on the uniformity of bubble collapse. The uniform collapse of the spherical bubbles to a point appears to produce the greatest shock wave energy. Unfortunately, the spherical bubble configuration requires much more space than is available in a balloon that must fit into a calcified vein or artery or even ureter. In fact, trailing edge shock waves can be largely eliminated by confining the bubbles to irregular shapes. As a result, trailing edge shockwaves cannot be reliably relied upon for angioplasty of shockwaves or other cardiac or non-cardiac applications to produce consistent results.
However, the leading shock wave formed by the expansion of the bubble is a different situation. Leading edge shock waves are more consistent in energy level when presented with generally lower energy. Therefore, leading edge shockwaves are good candidates for use in medical procedures such as angioplasty or valvuloplasty.
Another consideration is the amount of energy that will be represented by the high voltage applied to the electrodes. Each high voltage pulse removes a portion of the electrode material. In order to fit the electrodes into calcified veins or arteries, the size of the electrodes must be small, so the electrodes can only sustain a limited number of high voltage pulses sufficient to form a shockwave that creates an arc.
Maintaining a high voltage beyond a certain point after the arc does not result in any shock wave of greater intensity. Moreover, because the bubbles are composed of steam, the steam generates heat that can increase the temperature of adjacent soft tissue. A temperature rise of only two degrees celsius above body temperature can cause soft tissue damage.
Moreover, it has been known that to maintain a leading edge shockwave, it is not necessary to maintain a high voltage throughout the shockwave. Yet another important aspect of the prior art in initially attempting to use the shock waves from the arc for therapeutic purposes is that there is a dwell time (Td) from the time a high voltage is initially applied to the electrodes to the time the arc occurs, which is highly variable from the application of one high voltage to the other. To account for long residence times, prior art strategies rely on high voltage application, where all high voltage pulse durations or pulse widths are the same length and are long enough to extend through the longest expected residence time plus the associated arc and vapor bubble. Thus, when the dwell time is shorter than the maximum, the high voltage application duration is longer than necessary and may unnecessarily extend the arc and vapor bubble beyond the time required to produce a shock wave of maximum intensity. The result is wasted energy, extended electrode erosion, and unnecessary heating of adjacent tissue.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a balloon type shock wave generation system capable of controlling energy and a control method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the prior art, effectively control the pulse amplitude, pulse width and frequency of output voltage, adjust applied energy and ensure that the treatment process is not damaged.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a balloon type shock wave generation system capable of performing energy control, which comprises a catheter, a balloon, a shock wave generator and an energy control system, wherein the catheter is provided with an elongated carrier, the balloon is hermetically surrounded at one part of the carrier, fluid can be filled in the balloon, the shock wave generator is arranged in the balloon, the shock wave generator can generate shock waves in the balloon to enable the balloon to be expanded, the energy control system comprises a charger, an energy storage unit, a supercharger, a pulse generator and a processor, the charger is used for charging the energy storage unit, the supercharger is electrically connected with the energy storage unit and is used for increasing output voltage and inputting the increased output voltage to the pulse generator, and the pulse generator is electrically connected with the shock wave generator, the processor can adjust the voltage input to the pulse generator according to physiological and pathological characteristics of different calcified tissues so as to adjust the pulse voltage input to the pulse generator.
Preferably, the shock wave generator is an electric arc shock wave generator comprising two or more shock wave sources distributed within the balloon.
Preferably, the shock wave source comprises a plurality of electrodes and at least one counter electrode adapted to be in contact with the liquid and to receive a voltage of opposite polarity to the voltage applied to the plurality of electrodes.
Preferably, after the voltage pulse occurs, the processor calculates the energy emitted by the pulse at this time according to the measured current curve, calculates the magnitude, pulse width and frequency of the next shock wave pulse voltage according to the magnitude of the energy and physiological and pathological characteristics of calcified tissues, controls the voltage input to the pulse generator through the supercharger, and controls the magnitude, pulse width and frequency of the pulse voltage through the pulse generator.
The invention also provides a control method of the balloon type shock wave generation system capable of controlling energy based on the above, which comprises the following steps:
detecting whether the boost button is pressed after the program is started, starting to regulate DC/DC when the boost button is pressed to enable the bus voltage to rise to the target voltage, detecting whether a discharge button of the conduit is pressed after the bus voltage is stabilized to the target voltage, starting to execute discharge when the conduit button is pressed, counting once every discharge, quickly regulating DC/DC to enable the bus voltage to be kept stable at the target voltage, and repeating the discharge actions until the treatment process is finished.
The present invention provides a shock wave generation system including a balloon adapted to be positioned adjacent a calcified region of a body. The balloon is inflatable with a liquid and has micropores. Due to the small size of the micropores, the surface tension generated by the micropores can maintain a high instantaneous pressure in the balloon. The balloon can be single-layer or multi-layer, single-leakage or double-leakage. One balloon may contain a contrast solution and saline, and the other balloon may be filled with a drug for treating intravascular restenosis.
The balloon is an elongated balloon having a longitudinal dimension along its length, and the plurality of shock wave sources extend along a portion of the longitudinal dimension. The balloon has a sidewall and the shock wave source is in non-contacting relationship with the balloon sidewall. The apparatus also includes a shock wave generator, which may be an electric arc shock wave generator, located within the balloon, and the shock wave source may include a plurality of electrodes. The electric arc shock wave generator may further comprise at least one counter electrode adapted to be in contact with the liquid and to receive a voltage of opposite polarity to the voltage applied to the plurality of electrodes. Wherein the positive and negative electrodes of the balloon catheter are respectively attached to a high-voltage electric pulse power supply. The arrangement of the positive and negative electrodes may be coaxially disposed annular electrodes, which may be made of stainless steel metal, and maintained at a controlled separation distance so that the voltage and current applied by the power source form a reproducible arc.
The electric arc generated between the positive and negative electrodes in the liquid is used to vaporize water to generate bubbles, thereby generating shock waves. Is transmitted through the liquid to impinge on the calcified area in the vicinity of the balloon. The shock wave generator includes a plurality of electrodes distributed within the balloon, wherein the plurality of shock wave sources includes more than two shock wave sources. These shock wave sources may be distributed both longitudinally and circumferentially within the balloon for optimum effect.
The shock wave generator may include an elongated conductor and an insulator covering the elongated conductor. The insulator may have a plurality of discrete openings, each opening for exposing the elongate conductor to a fluid to form a plurality of electrodes. Insulated wires may be used to form the elongated conductors and the overlying insulator.
The apparatus may also include an elongated carrier that may extend through and be wrapped in the balloon. The insulated wire may be wrapped around a carrier located within the balloon. The carrier may include a guidewire lumen. The insulated wire may be wound around the carrier to form electrode coil turns, and the apparatus may further include a conductor wire wound around the carrier within the balloon and between the electrode coil turns to form a counter electrode.
The shock wave generator may include a long cylindrical conductor and an insulator covering the long cylindrical conductor. The insulator may have a plurality of discrete openings, each opening for exposing the long cylindrical conductor to a fluid to form a plurality of electrodes. The apparatus may also include an elongate carrier extending through and in sealing relationship with the balloon. The long cylindrical conductor may cover a carrier located within the balloon. The elongate carrier may include a guidewire lumen.
The shock wave generator may be an electric arc shock wave generator, wherein the shock wave source comprises a plurality of electrodes, wherein the apparatus further comprises an elongate carrier having a longitudinal dimension, extending through and in sealed relation to the balloon, wherein the elongate carrier has a guidewire lumen extending along at least a portion of the longitudinal dimension of the elongate carrier, and at least some of the plurality of electrodes are distributed along the elongate carrier within the balloon.
The elongate carrier may be formed from an insulating material. The shock wave generator may include at least one conductor extending within the elongate carrier in spaced relation to the guidewire lumen and along at least a portion of a longitudinal dimension of the elongate carrier, and a plurality of discrete portions of the elongate carrier insulating material are removed to expose a plurality of corresponding portions of the at least one conductor to form at least some of the plurality of electrodes. At least some of the removed discrete portions of the elongated carrier insulation may comprise conductive fillers. The conductive filler is conductively secured to the elongated conductor.
The elongate carrier may be formed from an insulating material. The shock wave generator may include at least first and second elongate conductors spaced apart from each other and in spaced relation to the guidewire lumen and extending within the elongate carrier along at least a portion of a longitudinal dimension of the elongate carrier. A plurality of discrete portions of the elongate carrier insulating material may be removed to expose a plurality of corresponding portions of the at least first and second conductors to form at least some of the plurality of electrodes.
The plurality of electrodes are arranged in a series circuit relationship. Alternatively, the plurality of electrodes are arranged in a parallel circuit relationship. The apparatus may also include a power source and a multiplexer to selectively couple the plurality of electrodes to the power source one at a time. In another embodiment, the plurality of electrodes may be arranged in a plurality of series circuit arrangements, and the apparatus may further comprise a multiplexer that selectively couples the series circuit arrangements with the power supply one at a time.
The present invention provides a shock wave generation system including an elongate carrier and a balloon carried on the elongate carrier in sealing relationship therewith. The balloon is adapted to be positioned adjacent a calcified region of the body and is inflatable with a liquid. The apparatus also includes an electric arc shock wave generator located within the balloon. The electric arc shock wave generator includes more than two electrodes distributed within the balloon. Each electrode is adapted to generate a shock wave that propagates through the liquid to impinge on a calcified region in the vicinity of the balloon. The device further comprises a counter electrode adapted to be in contact with the liquid and to receive a voltage polarity opposite to the voltage polarity applied to the more than two electrodes.
In use, the balloon is inserted into the body such that the balloon is positioned adjacent the calcified region, the balloon is inflated with a liquid to bring the balloon into contact with the calcified region, a shock wave generator comprising more than two shock wave sources is positioned within the balloon and distributed within the balloon, and the shock wave sources are configured to form shock waves that propagate through the liquid and impinge on the calcified region.
The inserting step may include inserting the balloon into an artery or vein of the body. The balloon may be an elongated balloon having a longitudinal dimension, and the distributing step may include distributing the shock wave source along a portion of the longitudinal dimension.
The balloon has a sidewall and the distributing step may include distributing the shock wave source in non-contacting relation with the balloon sidewall. The shock wave generator may be an electric arc shock wave generator, the shock wave source may comprise a plurality of electrodes, and the step of causing the shock wave source to form a shock wave that propagates through the liquid and impinges on the calcified region may comprise applying a voltage pulse between the counter electrode and the plurality of electrodes to form the shock wave.
In a shock wave energy apparatus, an energy control system is used, which includes a charging unit for charging a battery. The device inputs 12V-16V voltage through an external adapter, an internal charging unit senses the voltage of the battery, CC charging is carried out, CV charging is carried out when the current is less than 0.1C, and charging is finished when the charging time reaches 6 hours through an internal timer.
In a shock wave energy apparatus, an energy control system is used, which includes a battery for storing energy. A6600 mAh battery pack is used as an energy system inside, the total energy reaches 87Wh, and the output voltage range is 8V-14.4V. The protection circuit has over-discharge protection and low-voltage output protection.
In a shock wave energy apparatus, an energy control system is used which includes a multiplier that boosts the voltage of a battery. The voltage multiplier topology is a full-bridge + voltage-multiplying rectification topology, and the output voltage required by people is obtained through voltage-multiplying rectification and digital closed-loop control through DCDC inversion.
In a shock wave energy apparatus, an energy control system is used which includes a multiplier that boosts the voltage of the battery so that the voltage, pulse width and pulse frequency of the electrical pulse signal can be adjusted according to the physiological environment in which the catheter electrodes are located. Providing suitable shock wave energy for different physiological calcified tissues.
In a shock wave energy apparatus, an energy control system is used which includes an electrode which applies an electrical pulse to a shock waveguide via a pulse generator from a boosted electrical signal.
In the shock wave energy apparatus, an artificial intelligence energy control system is used. A processor having artificial intelligence software incorporated therein can automatically optimize the energy applied by the shockwave device based on the discharge current between the first electrode and the second electrode.
In the shock wave energy apparatus, an artificial intelligence energy control system is used. The processor with artificial intelligence software can adjust the applied energy according to the discharge current between the first electrode and the second electrode and the change of the temperature of the fluid in the saccule.
In the shock wave energy apparatus, an artificial intelligence energy control system is used. The processor with artificial intelligence software can adjust the applied energy according to the discharge current between the first electrode and the second electrode to change the fluid pressure in the saccule.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention provides a balloon type shock wave generating system capable of controlling energy and a control method thereof, wherein a shock wave generator can generate shock waves in a balloon to expand the balloon, the energy control system comprises a charger, an energy storage unit, a supercharger, a pulse generator and a processor, the charger is used for charging the energy storage unit, the supercharger is electrically connected with the energy storage unit and is used for increasing output voltage and inputting the increased output voltage to the pulse generator, the pulse generator is electrically connected with the shock wave generator and is used for inputting pulse voltage to the shock wave generator so as to emit the shock waves through the pulse generator, the processor can adjust the voltage input to the pulse generator according to the physiological and pathological characteristics of different calcified tissues to adjust the pulse voltage input to the shock wave generator, thereby effectively controlling the pulse amplitude, pulse width and frequency of the output voltage, the applied energy is adjusted to ensure that the treatment process does not cause damage.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a portion of a balloon-type shock wave generation system capable of energy management in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structural connection of a shock wave source provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a simplified equivalent diagram of a shock wave circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of high voltage pulses applied to a pair of electrodes for generating an arc shockwave versus time in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of current through a pair of electrodes generating an arc blast resulting from a high voltage pulse applied to the electrodes versus time in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a power supply for use in an arc shock waveguide in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of an energy control process of an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 100-balloon type shock wave generation system capable of controlling energy, 1-catheter, 2-balloon, 3-electrode and 4-electrode.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a balloon type shock wave generation system capable of controlling energy and a control method thereof, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, effectively controlling the pulse amplitude, pulse width and frequency of output voltage, adjusting applied energy and ensuring that the treatment process cannot be damaged.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1-7, the present embodiment provides a balloon type shock wave generating system 100 capable of performing energy control, which includes a catheter 1, a balloon 2, a shock wave generator and an energy control system, wherein the catheter 1 has an elongated carrier, the balloon 2 is hermetically surrounded on a portion of the carrier, fluid can be filled in the balloon 2, the shock wave generator is disposed in the balloon 2, the shock wave generator can generate shock waves in the balloon 2 to inflate the balloon 2, the energy control system includes a charger, an energy storage unit, a supercharger, a pulse generator and a processor, the charger is used for charging the energy storage unit, the supercharger is electrically connected with the energy storage unit and is used for increasing output voltage and inputting the increased output voltage to the pulse generator, the pulse generator is electrically connected with the shock wave generator and is used for inputting pulse voltage to the shock wave generator to emit shock waves through the pulse generator, the processor can adjust the voltage input to the pulse generator according to the physiological and pathological characteristics of different calcified tissues so as to adjust the pulse voltage input to the shock wave generator.
The booster is electrically connected with the energy storage unit and used for increasing the output voltage and inputting the increased output voltage to the pulse generator, the pulse generator is electrically connected with the shock wave generator and used for inputting pulse voltage to the shock wave generator so as to send shock waves through the pulse generator, and the processor can adjust the voltage input to the pulse generator according to the physiological and pathological characteristics of different calcified tissues so as to adjust the pulse voltage input to the shock wave generator, so that the pulse amplitude, the pulse width and the frequency of the output voltage can be effectively controlled, the applied energy is adjusted, and the treatment process is ensured not to be damaged.
The shock wave generator is an electric arc shock wave generator comprising two or more shock wave sources distributed within the balloon 2. A shock wave is generated within the balloon 2 by a shock wave source 6, inflating the balloon 2.
The shock wave source includes a plurality of electrodes and at least one counter electrode adapted to be in contact with the liquid and to receive a voltage having a polarity opposite to a polarity of a voltage applied to the plurality of electrodes. By applying a high voltage pulse between the electrode and the counter electrode, an arc effect is generated between the electrode pair, which causes the surrounding liquid to rapidly vaporize and expand, and a shock wave is generated by a sound barrier effect generated when the bubble is broken.
After the voltage pulse occurs, the processor calculates the energy emitted by the pulse according to the measured current curve, calculates the size, the pulse width and the frequency of the next impulse wave pulse voltage according to the size of the energy and the physiological and pathological characteristics of the calcified tissues, controls the voltage input to the pulse generator through the supercharger, and controls the size, the pulse width and the frequency of the impulse voltage through the pulse generator.
A control method based on the above balloon type shock wave generation system capable of performing energy control, comprising:
detecting whether the boost button is pressed after the program is started, starting to regulate DC/DC when the boost button is pressed to enable the bus voltage to rise to the target voltage, detecting whether a discharge button of the conduit is pressed after the bus voltage is stabilized to the target voltage, starting to execute discharge when the conduit button is pressed, counting once every discharge, quickly regulating DC/DC to enable the bus voltage to be kept stable at the target voltage, and repeating the discharge actions until the treatment process is finished.
The present invention focuses primarily on the energy management aspect of the power supply. After the energy storage is used, the pulse amplitude, the pulse width and the frequency of the output voltage can be effectively controlled.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a shock wave generation system comprising an electrode, a catheter 1, a balloon 2 and a liquid filled in the balloon 2. The catheter 1 comprises an elongate carrier of a hollow sheath and a guide wire. The connection part of the sacculus 2 and the sheath tube is formed by welding to form a closed system. When high-voltage pulses act on the first electrode and the second electrode, an electric arc effect is generated between the electrode pairs, so that surrounding liquid is rapidly vaporized and expanded, and when a sound barrier effect generated after bubbles are broken causes shock waves, the shock waves act on surrounding calcified tissues to break and soften the calcified tissues, so that the balloon 2 is expanded to finish angioplasty.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the electrodes 3 and 4 are connected to a high voltage pulse power supply. The electrodes can be coaxially designed into ring electrodes or laminated electrodes. The electrode is made of a metallic material, such as 304 stainless steel, PtIr alloy, etc., depending on the size requirements of the catheter and the size of the material being designed.
The arc between the electrode 3 and the electrode 4 in the fluid is used to generate a shock wave in the fluid. Each high voltage electrical pulse applied to the electrodes 3 and 4 forms an arc between the electrodes. Wherein the amplitude of the electrical pulse can be as low as 500V or between 100 and 10000V. When the shock wave occurs, the pressure in the balloon 2 is instantaneously increased, and the shock wave acts on the calcified tissue to generate shattering.
As shown in fig. 3, is a simplified equivalent diagram of a shockwave circuit of the present invention. As can be seen, the capacitor stores energy at a high voltage. When the switch is closed, the voltage drop between electrode 3 and electrode 4 begins to rise rapidly at the chef's low current level. After the dwell time, an arc is created between the electrodes when the voltage between the electrodes reaches the breakdown voltage of the fluid between the electrodes. The arc causes the formation of a vapor bubble between the electrodes and a relatively large current flowing through the electrodes. The expansion of the bubble forms a first or leading shock wave. After a period of time, the vapor cools and condenses, causing the bubbles to collapse. The collapsing bubbles have the potential to form a secondary or trailing edge shock wave. The backstrap shock waves are relatively unreliable, and relatively unstable intensity is formed among the shock waves. Leading edge shockwaves therefore hold the best promise for reliable therapy.
Fig. 4-5 are graphs of high voltage pulses applied to a pair of electrodes 3, 4 generating an arc shockwave and resulting current flow through the electrodes according to an embodiment of the present invention. When the switch is first closed, the voltage between the electrodes rises rapidly to a level. During this time, the current through the electrodes is relatively low, as shown by the dashed line. After a dwell time (Td), an arc occurs between the electrodes. At which point vapor bubbles begin to form and a large current begins to flow through the electrodes.
After the first shock wave pulse is finished, the system can measure the energy in real time according to the monitoring of the current curve. If the output current is too powerful, there is a risk of damage to the patient's blood vessels and surrounding tissue. The microprocessor with software can regulate the output voltage and pulse width based on the measured impedance and capacitance distribution of the system. The system can continuously test the energy output by a plurality of pulse voltages until the output voltage and the pulse width are optimized.
After the energy control system has completed optimizing the voltage output, the physician can perform continuous shock wave generation therapy.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a power supply for use in an arc shock waveguide in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The power supply controls the DCDC to output high voltage through the DSP, after the high voltage reaches a preset value, the two paths of PWM control Q1 and Q2 are conducted within a certain time, instantaneous high-voltage pulse voltage is generated and applied to two ends of the guide pipe, and discharging energy is detected through the sensing resistor. The power supply has an output terminal coupleable to the electrode 3 of FIG. 1 and an output terminal coupleable to the electrode 4 of FIG. 1. The switching circuit selectively applies a high voltage on the line between the electrodes. A microprocessor or other similar control circuit, such as a gate array, controls the overall operation of the source. A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) may also replace the microprocessor in a manner known in the art. The microprocessor is coupled to the switch by an opto-electronic driver.
Fig. 7 is a flowchart of the procedure of the embodiment of the present invention, in which the state of the boost button is detected after the program is started, when the boost button is pressed, the DC/DC adjustment is started to raise the bus voltage to the target voltage, and after the bus voltage is stabilized to the target voltage, whether the discharge button of the catheter is pressed is detected, when the catheter button is pressed, the discharge is started, and once per discharge, the count is performed, and the DC/DC adjustment is performed rapidly to keep the bus voltage stabilized at the target voltage, and then the above discharge operation is repeated until the treatment procedure is completed.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A balloon-type shock wave generation system capable of energy control, characterized by: including pipe, sacculus, shock wave generator and energy control system, the pipe has elongated carrier, the sacculus seal encircle in around a part of carrier, can fill fluid in the sacculus, shock wave generator set up in the sacculus, shock wave generator can produce the shock wave in the sacculus, make the sacculus inflation, energy control system includes charger, energy storage unit, booster, impulse generator and treater, the charger is used for energy storage unit charges, the booster with energy storage unit electricity is connected for increase output voltage and with the output voltage input of increase to impulse generator, impulse generator with shock wave generator electricity is connected, be used for to shock wave generator input pulse voltage is in order to pass through impulse generator sends the shock wave, the processor can adjust the voltage input to the pulse generator according to physiological and pathological characteristics of different calcified tissues so as to adjust the pulse voltage input to the shock wave generator.
2. An energy steerable balloon-type shock wave generating system as in claim 1, wherein: the shock wave generator is an electric arc shock wave generator which comprises two or more shock wave sources distributed in the saccule.
3. An energy steerable balloon-type shock wave generating system as in claim 2, wherein: the shock wave source includes a plurality of electrodes and at least one counter electrode adapted to be in contact with the liquid and to receive a voltage having a polarity opposite to a polarity of a voltage applied to the plurality of electrodes.
4. An energy steerable balloon-type shock wave generating system as in claim 1, wherein: after the voltage pulse occurs, the processor calculates the energy emitted by the pulse according to the measured current curve, calculates the size, the pulse width and the frequency of the next impulse wave pulse voltage according to the size of the energy and the physiological and pathological characteristics of calcified tissues, controls the voltage input to the pulse generator through the supercharger, and controls the size, the pulse width and the frequency of the impulse voltage through the pulse generator.
5. A control method of a balloon type shock wave generation system capable of performing energy control according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that:
detecting whether the boost button is pressed after the program is started, starting to regulate DC/DC when the boost button is pressed to enable the bus voltage to rise to the target voltage, detecting whether a discharge button of the conduit is pressed after the bus voltage is stabilized to the target voltage, starting to execute discharge when the conduit button is pressed, counting once every discharge, quickly regulating DC/DC to enable the bus voltage to be kept stable at the target voltage, and repeating the discharge actions until the treatment process is finished.
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