CN114087054A - Combined circulating system of internal combustion engine and micro gas turbine - Google Patents
Combined circulating system of internal combustion engine and micro gas turbine Download PDFInfo
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- CN114087054A CN114087054A CN202111604107.3A CN202111604107A CN114087054A CN 114087054 A CN114087054 A CN 114087054A CN 202111604107 A CN202111604107 A CN 202111604107A CN 114087054 A CN114087054 A CN 114087054A
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- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- gas turbine
- micro gas
- heat exchanger
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 43
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
- F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
- F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
- F02B29/045—Constructional details of the heat exchangers, e.g. pipes, plates, ribs, insulation, materials, or manufacturing and assembly
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/08—Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及动力装置技术领域，特别涉及一种内燃机与微型燃气轮机联合循环系统，包括涡轮增压内燃机系统和微型燃气轮机系统，所述涡轮增压内燃机系统和微型燃气轮机系统通过第一换热器及旁通冷却系统连接；本发明提供一种结构设计简单，内燃机涡后废气充分利用且微型燃气轮机热效率高的内燃机与微型燃气轮机联合循环系统。
The present invention relates to the technical field of power plants, in particular to a combined cycle system of an internal combustion engine and a micro gas turbine, including a turbocharged internal combustion engine system and a micro gas turbine system, wherein the turbocharged internal combustion engine system and the micro gas turbine system pass through a first heat exchanger and a bypass system. The invention provides a combined cycle system of an internal combustion engine and a micro gas turbine with simple structure design, full utilization of exhaust gas behind the vortex of the internal combustion engine, and high thermal efficiency of the micro gas turbine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power devices, in particular to a combined cycle system of an internal combustion engine and a micro gas turbine.
Background
Internal combustion engines and micro gas turbines are important power plants and have important applications in the fields of vehicles, ships, engineering machinery, agricultural machinery and power generation. However, with the increasing market reserves of power plants, the emission of greenhouse gases is also increasing year by year, the problem of global warming caused by the emission is a global problem which cannot be ignored, and China also sets the ambitious goals of 2035 carbon peak reaching and 2050 carbon neutralization in China. Under such a background, how to increase the thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines and micro gas turbines becomes an important way to reduce carbon emissions. Combustion and pneumatic optimization of an internal combustion engine and a micro gas turbine are important technical means for improving respective thermal efficiency, and a large amount of basic and engineering research work is developed at present, so that important progress is achieved. However, the technology is mature day by day, and it is difficult to further achieve a great increase in thermal efficiency in this technical route. If the combined cycle of the two power machines can be realized, the heat exchange characteristic is fully utilized according to the characteristics of respective thermodynamic cycles, so that the heat efficiency of the whole power system is improved, and the combined cycle is a technical means for reducing the carbon emission of the power machines.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art and provides a combined circulating system of an internal combustion engine and a micro gas turbine, which has the advantages of simple structural design, full utilization of waste gas generated after the turbine of the internal combustion engine and high thermal efficiency of the micro gas turbine.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: the internal combustion engine and micro gas turbine combined cycle system comprises a turbocharged internal combustion engine system and a micro gas turbine system, wherein the turbocharged internal combustion engine system and the micro gas turbine system are connected through a first heat exchanger and a bypass cooling system.
Further, the turbocharged internal combustion engine system comprises an internal combustion engine, a first turbocharger and a intercooler, wherein the internal combustion engine body, the first turbocharger and the intercooler are connected through pipelines to form a closed loop.
Further, the micro gas turbine system comprises a combustion chamber, a second heat exchanger and a second turbocharger, wherein the second heat exchanger is connected with the combustion chamber and the second turbocharger through pipelines to form a closed loop.
Further, the first heat exchanger is arranged on a pipeline between the second heat exchanger and the second turbocharger, and the first heat exchanger is connected with the first turbocharger through a pipeline.
Further, bypass cooling system establishes between intercooler and second turbo charger, bypass cooling system includes the bypass pipeline and establishes the automatically controlled valve on the bypass pipeline, the both ends of bypass pipeline are connected with first turbo charger and second turbo charger respectively.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the following positive effects:
(1) according to the invention, the first heat exchanger is arranged on the pipeline between the second heat exchanger and the second air compressor, and is connected with the first turbine through the pipeline, so that the internal energy of the gas after the internal combustion engine is whirled is transmitted to the air inlet of the micro gas turbine, the energy of the waste gas after the internal combustion engine is whirled is utilized, the air inlet temperature of the combustion chamber of the micro gas turbine is increased, and the purpose of improving the heat efficiency of the micro gas turbine can be achieved according to the Brayton thermodynamic cycle basic principle of the micro gas turbine;
(2) according to the invention, the bypass cooling system is arranged between the intercooler and the second turbine, so that part of fresh air cooled by the internal combustion engine through the intercooler is extracted and introduced to the end of the second turbine of the micro gas turbine to cool the blades of the second turbine, and the reliability of the turbine blades of the micro gas turbine is improved, thus the inlet temperature of the turbine of the micro gas turbine is allowed to be improved, and the heat efficiency of the micro gas turbine can be further improved according to the Brayton thermodynamic cycle basic principle of the micro gas turbine.
Drawings
In order that the present disclosure may be more readily and clearly understood, the following detailed description of the present disclosure is provided in connection with specific embodiments thereof and with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
In the figure: the internal combustion engine comprises a turbocharged internal combustion engine system 1, an internal combustion engine 11, a first turbocharger 12, a first compressor 121, a first turbine 122, an intercooler 13, a crankshaft 14, an outlet pipeline 15, a first air inlet pipeline 16, a micro gas turbine system 2, a combustion chamber 21, a second heat exchanger 22, a second turbocharger 23, a rotating shaft 24, a second air inlet pipeline 25, a second compressor 231, a second turbine 232, a cooling mechanism 2321, a first heat exchanger 3, a bypass cooling system 4, a bypass pipeline 41 and an electric control valve 42.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, an internal combustion engine and micro gas turbine combined cycle system includes a turbocharged internal combustion engine system 1 and a micro gas turbine system 2, where the turbocharged internal combustion engine system 1 includes an internal combustion engine 11, a first turbocharger 12 and a intercooler 13, the first turbocharger 12 is composed of a first compressor 121 and a first turbine 122, and the internal combustion engine 11, the first turbocharger 12 and the intercooler 13 are connected by pipes to form a closed loop; the micro gas turbine system 2 comprises a combustion chamber 21, a second heat exchanger 22 and a second turbocharger 23, wherein the second turbocharger 23 consists of a second compressor 231 and a second turbine 232, and the second heat exchanger 23 is respectively connected with the combustion chamber 21 and the second turbocharger 22 through pipelines to form a closed loop; a first heat exchanger 3 is arranged on a pipeline between the second heat exchanger 22 and a second compressor 231 of the second turbocharger 23, and the first heat exchanger 3 is connected with a first turbine 122 of the first turbocharger 12 through a pipeline; the first heat exchanger 3 is arranged on a pipeline between the second heat exchanger 22 and the second compressor 231, and the first heat exchanger 3 is connected with the first turbine 122 through a pipeline, so that the energy of the exhaust gas after the vortex of the internal combustion engine 11 is transmitted to the air inlet of the micro gas turbine, and the thermal efficiency of the micro gas turbine is improved while the energy of the exhaust gas after the vortex of the internal combustion engine 11 is utilized. A bypass cooling system 4 is further arranged between the intercooler 13 and the second turbine 232 of the second turbocharger 23, the bypass cooling system 4 comprises a bypass pipeline 41 and an electric control valve 42 arranged on a pipeline of the bypass pipeline 41, and two ends of the bypass pipeline 41 are respectively connected with the cooling mechanisms 2321 on the intercooler 13 and the second turbine 232; a bypass cooling system 4 is arranged between the intercooler 13 and the second turbine 232, so that a part of fresh air cooled by the intercooler 13 of the internal combustion engine 11 is extracted and introduced to the second turbine 232 end of the micro gas turbine for cooling the blades of the second turbine 232, and the thermal efficiency of the micro gas turbine is improved; the setting of the electronic control valve 42 can adjust the working state of the bypass cooling system 4 according to the requirement of the operation condition of the combined cycle system: when the combined cycle system is in low working condition operation, the combustion temperature of the micro gas turbine is relatively low, the second turbine 232 can meet the requirement of reliability, the electric control valve 42 is closed, and the bypass cooling system 4 does not work; when the combined cycle system is in high-power operation, the discharge temperature of the micro gas turbine is high, and at this time, in order to reduce the heat load of the second turbine 232, the electronic control valve 42 may be opened, so that a part of the cooled fresh air in the pipe behind the intercooler 13 enters the bypass pipe 41, and then the second turbine 232 is cooled by the cooling structure 2321 on the second turbine 232, thereby improving the reliability of the micro gas turbine.
The turbocharged internal combustion engine system 1 injects oil and burns through the internal combustion engine 11, the burnt engine outputs power outwards through the crankshaft 14, exhaust gas enters the first turbine 122 through a pipeline to expand and work, internal energy of the exhaust gas which works through the first turbine 122 is converted into mechanical energy to drive the first compressor 121 to rotate and work, on the other hand, the exhaust gas energy which is not completely utilized is transmitted to fresh air behind the second compressor 232, and the exhaust temperature behind the first turbine 122 can reach 550-650 ℃ during high-working-condition operation of a general engine. After the first compressor 121 obtains the mechanical energy transmitted by the first turbine 122, the first compressor rotates and compresses air to do work, fresh air is sucked into the first compressor 121 through a pipeline, and the mechanical energy of the first compressor 121 is converted into pressure energy and internal energy in the first compressor 121. The air in the rear outlet duct 15 of the first compressor 121 has a higher pressure and temperature, since it is compressed by the first compressor 121. In order to increase the intake air amount per unit time of the internal combustion engine 11 and thus increase the power density and efficiency, the thermodynamic system of the internal combustion engine following the sabaded basic thermodynamic cycle needs to reduce the temperature of the air in the first intake duct 16 as much as possible, so that an intercooler 13 is added to the rear duct of the first compressor 121 for cooling the intake air of the engine. Meanwhile, the fuel is combusted in the combustion chamber 21, and the combusted high-temperature and high-pressure fuel gas enters the second heat exchanger 22 through a pipeline and then enters the second turbine 232 through the pipeline to perform work through expansion. The high-temperature high-pressure gas converts pressure energy and internal energy into mechanical energy in the second turbine 232, the mechanical energy is used for driving the second compressor 231 to compress air to do work on one hand, and the residual power is output outwards through the rotating shaft 24 of the second turbine 232 on the other hand. Fresh air is sucked into the second air compressor 231 through a pipeline, mechanical energy is converted into pressure energy and internal energy of the fresh air, the compressed fresh air enters the first heat exchanger 3 through the pipeline to be mixed with exhaust gas which is not completely utilized after the vortex of the internal combustion engine 11, and the mixed gas is heated through two stages of the first heat exchanger 3 and the second heat exchanger 22, so that the temperature in the second air inlet pipeline 25 is increased to be higher, the heat efficiency increasing direction of the Brayton cycle is met, and the heat efficiency of the micro gas turbine is increased. Although the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine 11 in the combined cycle system is not improved, the thermal efficiency of the micro gas turbine is improved by exchanging heat with the micro gas turbine by using the operating mode of the internal combustion engine 11, so that the thermal efficiency of the combined cycle system is improved.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An internal combustion engine and micro gas turbine combined cycle system, characterized in that: the system comprises a turbocharged internal combustion engine system (1) and a micro gas turbine system (2), wherein the turbocharged internal combustion engine system (1) and the micro gas turbine system (2) are connected through a first heat exchanger (3) and a bypass cooling system (4).
2. An internal combustion engine and micro gas turbine combined cycle system according to claim 1, wherein: the turbocharged internal combustion engine system (1) comprises an internal combustion engine (11), a first turbocharger (12) and a intercooler (13), wherein the internal combustion engine body (11), the first turbocharger (12) and the intercooler (13) are connected through pipelines to form a closed loop.
3. An internal combustion engine and micro gas turbine combined cycle system according to claim 2, wherein: the micro gas turbine system (2) comprises a combustion chamber (21), a second heat exchanger (22) and a second turbocharger (23), wherein the second heat exchanger (23) is connected with the combustion chamber (21) and the second turbocharger (22) through pipelines to form a closed loop.
4. An internal combustion engine and micro gas turbine combined cycle system according to claim 3, wherein: the first heat exchanger (3) is arranged on a pipeline between the second heat exchanger (22) and the second turbocharger (23), and the first heat exchanger (3) is connected with the first turbocharger (12) through a pipeline.
5. An internal combustion engine and micro gas turbine combined cycle system according to claim 4, wherein: bypass cooling system (4) are established between intercooler (13) and second turbo charger (23), bypass cooling system (4) include bypass pipeline (41) and establish automatically controlled valve (42) on bypass pipeline (41) pipeline, the both ends of bypass pipeline (41) are connected with first turbo charger (12) and second turbo charger (23) respectively.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111604107.3A CN114087054A (en) | 2021-12-25 | 2021-12-25 | Combined circulating system of internal combustion engine and micro gas turbine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111604107.3A CN114087054A (en) | 2021-12-25 | 2021-12-25 | Combined circulating system of internal combustion engine and micro gas turbine |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114087054A true CN114087054A (en) | 2022-02-25 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111604107.3A Pending CN114087054A (en) | 2021-12-25 | 2021-12-25 | Combined circulating system of internal combustion engine and micro gas turbine |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN101644178A (en) * | 2008-08-05 | 2010-02-10 | 通用电气公司 | Systems and method for controlling stack temperature |
| CN102155299A (en) * | 2011-03-02 | 2011-08-17 | 上海理工大学 | Combination system of stirling engine and combustion gas turbine utilizing liquefied natural gas |
| CN102155290A (en) * | 2011-03-20 | 2011-08-17 | 北京理工大学 | Auxiliary combustion-engine type pressurization system for restoring plateau power of internal-combustion engine |
| CN103754103A (en) * | 2014-01-22 | 2014-04-30 | 清华大学 | Turbine piston hybrid power system and vehicle |
| CN104832289A (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2015-08-12 | 湖南康拜恩分布式能源科技有限公司 | Combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) station system and method of gas turbine and gas internal combustion engine |
| CN105386856A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-03-09 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一一研究所 | Two-stage sequential turbocharging system used for internal combustion engine and internal combustion engine |
| CN216894595U (en) * | 2021-12-25 | 2022-07-05 | 上海毅合捷汽车科技有限公司 | A combined cycle system of an internal combustion engine and a micro gas turbine |
-
2021
- 2021-12-25 CN CN202111604107.3A patent/CN114087054A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2002057A (en) * | 1977-08-03 | 1979-02-14 | Acec | The combination of an installation for the production of electrical energy and a reception terminal for natural gas |
| CN101042071A (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2007-09-26 | 通用电气公司 | Systems and methods of reducing NOx emissions in gas turbine systems and internal combustion engines |
| CN101644178A (en) * | 2008-08-05 | 2010-02-10 | 通用电气公司 | Systems and method for controlling stack temperature |
| CN102155299A (en) * | 2011-03-02 | 2011-08-17 | 上海理工大学 | Combination system of stirling engine and combustion gas turbine utilizing liquefied natural gas |
| CN102155290A (en) * | 2011-03-20 | 2011-08-17 | 北京理工大学 | Auxiliary combustion-engine type pressurization system for restoring plateau power of internal-combustion engine |
| CN103754103A (en) * | 2014-01-22 | 2014-04-30 | 清华大学 | Turbine piston hybrid power system and vehicle |
| CN104832289A (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2015-08-12 | 湖南康拜恩分布式能源科技有限公司 | Combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) station system and method of gas turbine and gas internal combustion engine |
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