CN114076814A - An observation system and method for simulating the relationship between surface movement and vegetation - Google Patents
An observation system and method for simulating the relationship between surface movement and vegetation Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000005492 Artemisia desertorum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001661344 Artemisia desertorum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015702 Artemisia filifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001670242 Artemisia filifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000223025 Caragana microphylla Species 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种模拟地表移动与植被影响关系的观测系统及使用方法，观测系统包括：承载装置，其用于承载被测植物及植物根系所处的目标地表，固定桩，其设置在所述目标地表外围，模拟装置，其设置在所述固定桩上，所述模拟装置与承载装置连接且可使其上下移动，用于模拟所述目标地表连续的移动变形；以及观测装置，其用于观测所述目标地表移动变形后所述植物根系的形态变化并获取相关参数。本发明可以实地模拟并观测地表连续移动变形对植物根系的影响，从而分析井下开采对于地表植物根系的影响特征和规律，进而总结植被受开采损害后能否自我修复。本发明在模拟时确保了植物不受其他因素影响，并进行原位、无损、定量地测量。
The invention discloses an observation system for simulating the relationship between ground surface movement and vegetation and a method for using it. The observation system comprises: a bearing device, which is used for bearing the target surface where the plants to be tested and the root systems of the plants are located, and a fixed pile, which is arranged on the In the periphery of the target surface, a simulation device is arranged on the fixed pile, the simulation device is connected with the bearing device and can be moved up and down, so as to simulate the continuous movement and deformation of the target surface; and an observation device, which uses After observing the movement and deformation of the target surface, the morphological changes of the plant roots are obtained and related parameters are obtained. The invention can simulate and observe the influence of continuous movement and deformation of the surface on the root system of the plant on the spot, so as to analyze the influence characteristics and laws of the underground mining on the root system of the surface plant, and then summarize whether the vegetation can self-repair after being damaged by the mining. The present invention ensures that plants are not affected by other factors during simulation, and performs in-situ, non-destructive and quantitative measurements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mining area ecological monitoring, in particular to an observation system for simulating the relationship between earth surface movement and vegetation influence and a using method thereof.
Background
Compared with the eastern part of China, the ecological environment of the northwest is relatively fragile, mainly in arid and semiarid regions, and the land desertification is serious. The ecological environment is also more affected by coal mining. On one hand, the ground surface movement deformation caused by mining can aggravate water and soil loss, and reduce the water content of soil, nutrients and mineral elements required by plant growth and the like; on the other hand, the state of the plant root system can be changed by mining, and even some root systems can be broken in serious conditions, so that the growth and development of the plant are influenced.
At present, the commonly used mining vegetation exploitation influence is mostly realized by adopting an indoor pot experiment and field investigation mode, but the difference between the indoor research and environmental conditions such as climate and the like is large, and the method rarely relates to the field experiment and the self-repairing research after the exploitation influence.
The field test mainly adopts root canal observation, the observation area is limited, and the self-repairing capability of the damaged plant is difficult to accurately judge. The influence of on-site research and mining subsidence on surface vegetation is usually analyzed in a large-scale whole influence manner, and the vegetation change of the whole mining area is determined by methods such as satellite remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicles and the like.
There is no study in the prior art of the specific effects of ground deformation on individual plants, nor is there a relatively mature device to simulate the effects of ground movement deformation on individual plants.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an observation system for simulating the relation between the earth surface movement and vegetation influence, which can simulate the continuous movement deformation of the earth surface caused by stratum exploitation on the spot, measure the change of the plant root system after the earth surface deformation in situ, nondestructively and quantitatively under the condition of ensuring that the primary plant is not influenced by other factors, and explore the influence of the earth surface movement deformation on the plant root system and the growth and development of the plant.
The invention also provides a use method of the observation system for simulating the relationship between the earth surface movement and the vegetation influence, and the method can be used for analyzing the influence characteristics and the law of underground exploitation on earth surface vegetation so as to analyze the self-repairing capability of the vegetation after exploitation damage.
The invention provides an observation system for simulating the relationship between earth surface movement and vegetation influence, which comprises:
the bearing device is used for bearing a target ground surface where a plant to be detected and a plant root system are positioned,
a spud pile disposed at a periphery of the target ground surface,
the simulation device is arranged on the fixing pile, is connected with the bearing device and can enable the bearing device to move up and down, and is used for simulating continuous movement deformation of the target ground surface; and
and the observation device is used for observing the morphological change of the plant root system after the target earth surface moves and deforms and acquiring related parameters.
Further, the simulation device comprises an automatic tightening device connected with the bearing device and a lifting device connected with the automatic tightening device, and the lifting device is matched with the automatic tightening device to control the target earth surface to generate displacement.
Further, elevating gear is including setting up the inside stiff end of spud pile, and can follow the slip end that the stiff end reciprocated.
Further, automatic take-up unit is including setting up the inside pulley of spud pile to and around establishing the nylon rope on the pulley, install the force sensor who is used for responding to nylon rope tautness on the pulley, the end of nylon rope is worn out the opening that supplies nylon rope to wear out on the slip end.
Further, the bearing device comprises a plurality of layers of screens which are arranged in a stacked mode, and the mesh number of each layer of screen is larger than 100.
Further, the screen mesh comprises a wire mesh and a deformable plastic screen mesh located at the edge of the wire mesh.
Furthermore, the cross section of the target earth's surface is square, observation pits are arranged on two opposite sides of a land where the target earth's surface is located, and a glass plate is arranged on the exposed surface of the land in each observation pit.
Further, the observation device comprises an imaging system arranged in the observation pit and a micro root canal system which is arranged on the glass plate and extends towards the root system.
The device further comprises a control device, and the control device is electrically connected with the simulation device and the observation device.
A use method of the observation system for simulating the relationship between the earth surface movement and the vegetation influence comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a plant to be detected, and installing the observation system around the plant to be detected;
2) controlling the simulation device to operate to simulate the continuous movement deformation of the earth surface;
3) and observing the morphological change of the plant root system and acquiring related parameters.
The observation system for simulating the influence relationship between the earth surface movement and the vegetation can simulate and observe the specific influence of the continuous movement and deformation of the earth surface on the root system of the single plant in the field, thereby analyzing the influence characteristics and rules of underground mining on the root system of the individual plant on the earth surface and further summarizing whether the vegetation can be self-repaired after being damaged by mining.
The invention is more flexible when simulating the surface mining change, can simulate the surface movement deformation of different degrees according to the actual requirement, ensures that the plants are not influenced by other factors when simulating, and carries out in-situ, nondestructive and quantitative measurement.
Drawings
The invention will be described in more detail hereinafter on the basis of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an observation system for simulating the relationship between earth surface movement and vegetation influence according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a fixing pile;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the lifting device and the automatic tightening device;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a screen.
In the figure: 1-fixed pile, 2-lifting clamping groove, 3-fine mesh screen, 4-automatic tightening device, 5-glass plate, 6-control device, 7-micro root canal system, 8-X-ray tomography system, 9-electric pulley, 10-clamping hook, 11-sliding end, 12-fixed end, 13-high-strength plastic screen, 14-fine mesh wire gauze, 15-observation pit, and 16-nylon rope.
In the drawings, like parts are designated with like reference numerals, and the drawings are not to scale.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly illustrate the inventive concept of the present invention, the present invention is described below with reference to examples.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the observation system for simulating a relationship between earth surface movement and vegetation influence according to the present invention is installed in an observation pit 15, and includes: the device comprises a bearing device, a fixed pile 1, a simulation device and a control device, wherein the bearing device is used for bearing a target ground surface where a plant to be detected and a plant root system are located, the fixed pile 1 is arranged on the periphery of the target ground surface, and the simulation device is connected with the bearing device and can enable the fixed pile 1 to move up and down and is used for simulating the movement deformation of the target ground surface; and the observation device is used for observing the morphological change of the plant root system after the target earth surface moves and deforms, and acquiring related parameters.
The invention carries the target ground surface where the plant and the plant root system are located through the carrying device, further controls the vertical displacement of the target ground surface where the plant is located through the simulation device connected with the carrying device, simulates ground surface movement deformation caused by mining on the spot, and finally inspects the change of the plant root system after the ground surface movement deformation through the observation device.
Through on-site simulation, under the condition that the native plant is not influenced by other factors, the in-situ, lossless and quantitative observation and measurement of the plant root system are realized, the change of the plant root system after the ground surface deformation can be really restored, and the influence of the ground surface movement deformation on the plant root system and the plant growth development can be reliably explored.
The simulation device comprises an automatic tightening device 4 connected with the bearing device and a lifting device connected with the automatic tightening device 4, wherein the lifting device is matched with the automatic tightening device 4 to control the bearing device to drive the target ground surface where the plants are located to generate displacement.
The fixing pile 1 in this embodiment is a hollow steel column, and the structures of the automatic tightening device 4 and the lifting device and the matching relationship between the two and the bearing device mainly include the following:
automatic take-up 4 specifically includes fixed mounting at the inside electronic pulley 9 of spud pile 1, winds on electronic pulley 9 and is equipped with nylon rope 16, and the end of nylon rope 16 can wear out spud pile 1 and can be connected with load-bearing device, corresponds on the end of nylon rope 16 and load-bearing device and is provided with pothook 10 that matches each other, but the cooperation is connected between pothook 10.
A strip-shaped opening is formed in one side, close to the ground surface of a plant root system, of the lower portion of the fixing pile 1, a lifting clamping groove 2 is formed in the position close to the strip-shaped opening, the lifting device comprises two parts, one part is a fixed end 12 arranged on the lifting clamping groove 2 and is fixed on the fixing pile 1; the other part is the slip end 11 that can reciprocate along stiff end 12, be provided with on slip end 11 and supply nylon rope 16 end and the opening that stretches out in end connection's pothook 10 follow spud pile 1, nylon rope 16 end specifically wears out from this opening from spud pile 1, this open-ended size can supply nylon rope 16 end and pothook 10 on the load-bearing device to advance, stiff end 12 can be the slide rail that sets up on lift draw-in groove 2, slip end 11 can correspond forms such as selecting for use electric control's slide rail car, it can to satisfy the technical requirement that slip end 11 can follow stiff end 12 and slide from top to bottom.
When the simulation target ground surface moves and deforms, the hook 10 at the tail end of the nylon rope 16 is connected with the hook 10 of the bearing device, and the sliding end 11 slides up and down along the fixed end 12 to indirectly adjust the tightness state of the nylon rope 16 penetrating out of the sliding end 11, so that the bearing device drives the plants and the target ground surface where the plant roots are located to move up and down, and the continuous movement and deformation of the target ground surface are simulated.
In this embodiment, after the nylon rope 16 and the carrying device are connected by the hooks 10 respectively disposed on the two, the nylon rope 16 is in a tight state, so that the position of the target ground surface is fixed.
When the downward collapse of a target stratum needs to be simulated, the sliding end 11 slides upwards along the fixed end 12, the nylon rope 16 is in an instantaneous relaxed state in the process, and the extending length of the nylon rope 16 relative to the sliding end 11 is prolonged, so that the bearing device drives the target ground surface to move downwards; when the position of the target ground surface before moving and deforming needs to be restored, the sliding end 11 slides downwards along the fixed end 12, and the nylon rope 16 is tightened, so that the bearing device drives the target ground surface to be lifted upwards.
Through adopting reciprocating of automatic tightening means and elevating gear indirect control target earth's surface, compare in direct control earth's surface displacement, can follow the removal of at utmost reduction earth's surface when exploiting and warp, and then reflect the change that appears when plant roots moves along with the earth's surface in the earth's surface more really.
Can take up or relax nylon rope 16 through rotating electric pulley 9 in this embodiment, install the tension sensor who is used for responding to the 16 tensity degrees of nylon rope on electric pulley 9, can control electric pulley 9 and be taut to the certain degree when nylon rope 16 stall, prevent the card shell that nylon rope 16 appears on slip end 11.
The cross section of the target ground surface where the plant root system is located is square, and the bearing device for bearing the target ground surface specifically comprises a plurality of layers of screens which are arranged in a stacked mode, wherein each screen is a square screen and is in the shape following the cross section of the stratum. Considering that the target ground surface to be borne is ground surface soil, the screen is preferably a fine mesh screen 3, the mesh number of each layer of screen is more than 100 meshes, the hooks 10 corresponding to the tail ends of the nylon ropes 16 are particularly arranged on the circumferential periphery of the screen, and the two hooks 10 are preferably clip hooks capable of being connected in a quick fit manner, so that the nylon ropes 16 and the screen can be connected in a quick matching manner, and the specific structure of the bearing device is shown in fig. 4.
The fine mesh screen 3 specifically comprises a fine mesh wire gauze 14, the edge of the square fine mesh wire gauze 14 is a strip-shaped dense-hole high-strength plastic screen 13, the high-strength plastic screen 13 supports deformation to a certain degree, and the nylon rope 16 can be prevented from being leaked by loose-layer sand when the tightness or the lifting device is adjusted to move so as to influence the experiment.
The observation pits 15 are arranged on two opposite sides of a land block where the target ground surface is located, the glass plates 5 which can visually observe the moving deformation state of the target ground surface are attached to the exposed surfaces of the land block located in the observation pits 15, the deformation state of the target ground surface when moving up and down can be more visually observed through the glass plates 5, and the simulation device is convenient to control the movement of the target ground surface where the plant root system is located.
After the target ground surface is moved and deformed, the change of the plant root system is observed through an observation device which specifically comprises an imaging system arranged in an observation pit 15 and a micro root canal system 7 arranged between glass plates 5.
The imaging system is specifically an X-ray tomography system 8 and comprises an X-ray emitting end and a projection end of the plant root system, wherein the emitting end and the projection end are respectively arranged in observation pits 15 on two opposite sides of the target ground surface, and the system observes the root system form of the plant after the movement and deformation of the target ground surface by utilizing an X-ray tomography technology.
The micro root canal system 7 utilizes the in-situ root system scanning device to perform in-situ online scanning imaging on the plant root system without damage, so as to obtain the relevant parameters of the plant root system, such as the length, the area, the number of root tips and other information of roots.
The preferred high strength toughened glass board 5 of glass board 5 in this embodiment is provided with prefabricated hole on glass board 5, the installation of being convenient for little root canal system 7, and little root canal system 7 extends the installation towards plant roots, can acquire plant roots's above-mentioned parameter information more comprehensively.
In the invention, each device is controlled to operate by a control device 6 arranged on the ground, the control device 6 is a control console and is electrically connected with a sliding end 11 in a lifting device, an electric pulley 9 in an automatic tightening device 4, a micro root canal system 7 and an X-ray tomography system 8 so as to realize the sliding of the sliding end 11 along a fixed end 12, and the electric pulley 9 is used for tightness adjustment of a nylon rope 16 and the observation device is used for observing the change of the plant root system after the target ground surface moves and deforms.
The invention also provides a using method of the observation system adopting the simulated relation between the earth surface movement and the vegetation influence, and the using method of the observation system is explained in the following by combining the figures 1-4.
Firstly, selecting plants needing to be tested in an experimental area, anchoring fixing piles 1 near the plants according to the selected plants to be tested, preferably arranging the fixing piles 1 around the plants in a square shape, and ensuring that no root system of the plants to be tested exists outside a target ground surface area formed by the fixing piles 1;
secondly, selecting two opposite sides of the square, excavating an observation pit 15, attaching and installing a glass plate 5 on an exposed surface of a land where a target earth surface is located in the observation pit 15, close to the side part of the plant to be measured, installing a micro root canal system 7 on a prefabricated hole on the glass plate 5, and determining the depth of the observation pit 15 according to the length of the root system of the plant;
thirdly, digging through the lower part of a square area of the target ground surface at the bottom of the observation pit 15, digging downwards for a certain distance, simultaneously connecting the hooks 10 of the fine mesh screen 3 to the hooks 10 at the tail ends of the nylon ropes 16 extending out of the openings of the sliding ends 11 on the fixed piles 1, and then controlling the automatic tightening device 4 to tighten the nylon ropes 16;
fourthly, controlling the sliding end 11 of the lifting device to lift along the fixed end 12 so as to simulate the continuous moving deformation of the target ground surface, and properly loosening the automatic loosening and tightening device 4 if the nylon rope 16 is pulled too tightly during lifting;
and fifthly, acquiring influences of target ground surface movement deformation caused by simulated mining on various parameters of the plant root system through the micro root canal system 7, and observing the root system morphological change of the plant after the target ground surface movement deformation through the X-ray tomography system 8.
The observation system and the using method of the present invention are described in detail below with respect to specific using conditions.
Taking the Shendong mining area as an example, the area is mainly arid and semiarid area, and sandy vegetation in plant types is dominant, including sand sagebrush, sand willow, caragana microphylla and the like. On the basis of the existing research, the root systems of the plants are vertically distributed above 1m underground, and the root systems horizontally distributed in a soil layer of 1.8m × 1.8m account for more than 90% of the total root amount, so the depth of the observation pit in the embodiment is 1.8m, and the experimental area surrounded by the fixing piles is a square area of 2m × 2 m.
Selecting two plants of artemisia desertorum and salix psammophila in an experimental field, anchoring eight fixing piles with the length of 2m at four corners and the middle points of four sides of a square area of 2m multiplied by 2m near a plant, and taking a clamping hook at the tail end of a nylon rope of an automatic take-up device into an opening of a sliding end of a lifting device when the fixing piles are nailed for facilitating operation;
selecting two opposite sides of a square area, digging observation pits with the depth of 1.8m on the two sides, attaching and installing a glass plate on the exposed surface of a land block close to the side of a plant in the observation pits, and installing a micro root canal system on a prefabricated hole on the glass plate;
digging a square area at the bottom of the observation pit, wherein the height of the communicated area is 50cm, and supporting a land block where a plant root system is located to prevent an upper layer from collapsing when the communicated area is dug;
dismantle when strutting on the pothook card of fine mesh screen cloth on the terminal pothook of nylon rope that the lifting device opening part stretches out on each spud pile, then the taut nylon rope of automatic take-up unit of control, influence experiment is leaked down to loose layer sand in order to avoid adjusting the elasticity or when lifting device slip end removes, the fine mesh wire netting size in the fine mesh screen cloth is 2m, the width of bar high strength plastic screen cloth is 50cm, this kind of setting mode makes the whole support of fine mesh screen cloth support the landmass through the high strength plastic screen cloth that can take place deformation, prevent the leakage of sand in the landmass.
Controlling the sliding end on the lifting device to lift so as to simulate the continuous movement deformation of the ground surface, and properly loosening by using an automatic loosening and tightening device if the nylon rope is pulled too tightly during lifting;
and observing the parameters and morphological changes of the plant root system after the target earth surface moves and deforms through an observation device.
It is important to point out that the automatic tightening device and the lifting device in the invention can be matched with each other, and can simulate the continuous moving deformation of the earth surface in an indirect control mode, so that the moving deformation of the earth surface in the mining process is truly restored to the maximum extent.
It should be noted that, in addition to the form of the high-strength nylon rope, other connection structures with better flexibility and higher strength may also be adopted, and details are not repeated here.
Finally, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments taken to illustrate the principles of the present invention, which is not intended to be limiting. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these changes and modifications are to be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
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2020
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| CA2428914A1 (en) * | 2003-05-15 | 2004-11-15 | Robert Gabriel | Planting apparatus and method |
| CN102135501A (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2011-07-27 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for observing root growth process of deep rooting plant alhagi sparsifolia |
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