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CN114050725A - A control method applied to reverse light-load operation of CLLC bidirectional DC/DC converter - Google Patents

A control method applied to reverse light-load operation of CLLC bidirectional DC/DC converter Download PDF

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CN114050725A
CN114050725A CN202111278826.0A CN202111278826A CN114050725A CN 114050725 A CN114050725 A CN 114050725A CN 202111278826 A CN202111278826 A CN 202111278826A CN 114050725 A CN114050725 A CN 114050725A
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converter
bidirectional
cllc
load operation
dead
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CN114050725B (en
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陈兆岭
娄金山
刘国海
廖志凌
黄博
王鑫利
张健鹏
吴振飞
张群峰
王传斌
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Jiangsu Zhongneng Xinrun Electric Power Technology Co ltd
Jiangsu University
Jiangsu Zhenan Power Equipment Co Ltd
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Jiangsu Zhongneng Xinrun Electric Power Technology Co ltd
Jiangsu University
Jiangsu Zhenan Power Equipment Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H02M3/325Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33584Bidirectional converters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种应用于CLLC双向DC/DC变换器反向轻载运行的控制方法。它包括以下步骤:(1)查阅文档得到MOSFET的输出结电容C oss;(2)测得MOSFET驱动信号V gs的下降延迟时间T off;(3)设置最大开关频率f smax、励磁电感L m;(4)通过控制系统确认变换器进入反向轻载运行阶段;(5)进入移相变死区控制的闭环控制;(6)通过控制系统对输出电压采样处理,得出移相角度θ;(7)控制器根据移相角度,根据相关的公式得到死区时间t dead;(8)根据移相角度和死区时间得到符合条件的PWM控制信号。优点是:在不改变电路结构和参数的前提下,能够有效提高CLLC双向DC/DC变换器反向轻载运行的效率。

Figure 202111278826

The invention discloses a control method applied to the reverse light-load operation of a CLLC bidirectional DC/DC converter. It includes the following steps: (1) refer to the document to obtain the output junction capacitance C oss of the MOSFET; (2) measure the falling delay time T off of the MOSFET driving signal V gs ; (3) set the maximum switching frequency f smax and the excitation inductance L m ; (4) Confirm that the converter enters the reverse light-load operation stage through the control system; (5) Enter the closed-loop control of the phase-shift dead-zone control; (6) Through the control system, the output voltage is sampled and processed, and the phase-shift angle θ is obtained. ; (7) The controller obtains the dead time t dead according to the relative formula according to the phase-shift angle; (8) obtains the qualified PWM control signal according to the phase-shift angle and the dead time. The advantage is that the efficiency of reverse light-load operation of the CLLC bidirectional DC/DC converter can be effectively improved without changing the circuit structure and parameters.

Figure 202111278826

Description

Control method applied to reverse light-load operation of CLLC bidirectional DC/DC converter
Technical Field
The invention relates to a control method applied to reverse light-load operation of a CLLC bidirectional DC/DC converter, and belongs to the technical field of power electronic power converters.
Background
On the basis of a full-bridge LLC bidirectional DC/DC converter, the CLLC bidirectional DC/DC converter is provided with a resonant capacitor on the secondary side, has bidirectional voltage boosting and reducing capacity, and can realize zero voltage switching-on (ZVS) of a primary switching tube and zero current switching-off (ZCS) of a secondary side rectifying tube, so that the CLLC bidirectional DC/DC converter is a good choice on occasions requiring bidirectional electric energy flow, such as a micro-grid, an energy storage system and the like.
For the CLLC bidirectional DC/DC converter, a commonly used control method is frequency modulation control (PFM), i.e. the output voltage of the converter is changed by changing the switching frequency of the switching tube on the inversion side. However, due to the operating gain characteristic of the CLLC bidirectional DC/DC converter, the effect of adjusting the output voltage by increasing the switching frequency of the inverter-side switching tube under the light load condition is not obvious.
To address this problem, phase shift control, which is capable of effectively controlling an output voltage and is closely related to a phase shift angle and a dead time, is applied to the resonant converter by many scholars.
The dead time setting ratio is large, so that the converter can still realize ZVS when the phase shift angle is large, but when the phase shift angle is small, the overlong dead time can enable the MOSFET junction capacitor to be discharged firstly and then reversely charged, so that ZVS is lost, and on the other hand, the overlarge dead time can bring longer body diode follow current time, so that the efficiency of the converter is reduced.
The dead time is set insufficiently, which can cause the ZVS of the MOSFET on the inversion side to be lost when the phase shift angle of the converter is relatively large under light load, so that the dead time is set too large or too small for a fixed dead time control strategy, which is not beneficial to the improvement of the light load efficiency of the converter.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a control method applied to the reverse light-load operation of a CLLC bidirectional DC/DC converter, which can improve the efficiency of the CLLC bidirectional DC/DC converter during the reverse light-load operation.
In order to solve the technical problem, the control method applied to the reverse light-load operation of the CLLC bidirectional DC/DC converter comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining output junction capacitance C of MOSFET in CLLC resonant bidirectional DC/DC converter circuit by consulting documentoss
(2) Debugging according to open loop,Measuring MOSFET driving signal V by oscilloscopegsIs decreased by the delay time Toff
(3) Setting the maximum switching frequency fsmaxAnd an excitation inductor Lm
(4) Confirming that the converter enters a reverse light-load operation stage through a control system;
(5) entering closed-loop control of phase-shifting dead zone control;
(6) sampling the output voltage through a control system to obtain a phase-shifting angle theta;
(7) the controller obtains the dead time t according to the phase shift angle and the related formuladead
(8) And obtaining a PWM control signal meeting the conditions according to the phase shift angle and the dead time.
The CLLC resonant bidirectional DC/DC converter circuit comprises a full-bridge circuit on a primary side and a full-bridge circuit on a secondary side, wherein the full-bridge circuit on the primary side is connected with an energy storage battery V1The full bridge circuit of the secondary side is connected with a direct current bus V2The full-bridge circuit on the primary side and the full-bridge circuit on the secondary side are both composed of four MOSFETs, and the middle points of bridge arms of the four MOSFETs are respectively led out to be connected with two ends of the resonant cavity.
During reverse light-load operation, phase shift control of a variable dead zone is adopted, at the maximum switching frequency, an upper tube and a lower tube in MOSFETs of two bridge arms on an inversion side in a CLLC resonant bidirectional DC/DC converter circuit are conducted in a complementary mode, the duty ratios are the same, and driving signals of the MOSFETs of the two bridge arms on the inversion side are staggered.
In the step (5), when the phase shift control of the variable dead zone is adopted, the switching frequency is fixed, and the switching frequency is the maximum switching frequency set by the system.
And the MOSFET at the rectifying side in the CLLC resonant bidirectional DC/DC converter circuit provides a synchronous rectification control signal, and the duty ratio is less than or equal to that of the control signal at the inverting side.
The dead time tdeadIs set by the phase shift angle theta and the output junction capacitance C of the MOSFETossMOSFET drive signal VgsIs decreased by the delay time ToffSwitching frequency fsmaxAnd an excitation inductor LmAnd (4) jointly determining.
The correlation formula mentioned in the step (7) is as follows:
Figure BDA0003330547650000031
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,tdeadis dead time, theta is phase shift angle, CossOutput junction capacitance, T, for MOSFEToffFor driving signal V by MOSFETgsFall delay time of (f)smaxFor maximum switching frequency, L, of the convertermIs the excitation inductance of the transformer of the converter.
The invention has the advantages that:
when the CLLC resonant bidirectional DC/DC converter runs under reverse light load, under the maximum switching frequency, phase-shifting control of variable dead zones is adopted, each phase-shifting angle corresponds to one dead zone time, and compared with the traditional phase-shifting control of fixed dead zone time, the efficiency of the CLLC bidirectional DC/DC converter running under reverse light load can be effectively improved on the premise of not changing the circuit structure and parameters.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit topology diagram of a CLLC bidirectional DC/DC converter according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the phase-shifting control process of the CLLC bidirectional DC/DC converter with the variable dead zone in reverse light-load operation;
FIG. 3 shows a MOSFET S according to the present invention1-S8Timing charts of the control signals of (1);
FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram of the light-load variable dead zone phase shift work of the CLLC bidirectional DC/DC converter of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a comparison graph of the efficiency of the CLLC bidirectional DC/DC converter in reverse light load operation.
Detailed Description
Considering that the ZVS of the MOSFET cannot be realized when the phase-shifting angle is larger in fixed dead zone control, which can greatly reduce the light-load efficiency of the converter, the control method applied to the reverse light-load operation of the CLLC bidirectional DC/DC converter provided by the invention has the advantages that the dead zones of the upper tube and the lower tube of the same bridge arm on the inverting side in the CLLC resonant bidirectional DC/DC converter circuit are changed at different phase-shifting angles, so that the zero-voltage conduction of the MOSFET on the inverting side is realized in the full range, and the key is to obtain the proper dead zone time t corresponding to each phase-shifting angledeadAs shown in FIG. 3, the control method applied to the reverse light-load operation of the CLLC bidirectional DC/DC converter of the invention comprises the following stepsThe method comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining output junction capacitance C of MOSFET in CLLC resonant bidirectional DC/DC converter circuit by consulting documentoss
(2) According to open-loop debugging, an oscilloscope is used for measuring a MOSFET driving signal VgsIs decreased by the delay time Toff
(3) Setting the maximum switching frequency fsmaxAnd an excitation inductor Lm
(4) Confirming that the converter enters a reverse light-load operation stage through a control system;
(5) entering closed-loop control of phase-shifting dead zone control;
(6) sampling the output voltage through a control system to obtain a phase-shifting angle theta;
(7) the controller obtains the dead time t according to the phase shift angle and the related formuladead
(8) And obtaining a PWM control signal meeting the conditions according to the phase shift angle and the dead time.
The CLLC resonant bidirectional DC/DC converter circuit is an asymmetric structure and comprises a full-bridge circuit on a primary side and a full-bridge circuit on a secondary side, wherein the full-bridge circuit on the primary side is connected with an energy storage battery V1The full bridge circuit of the secondary side is connected with a direct current bus V2The full-bridge circuit at the primary side and the full-bridge circuit at the secondary side are both composed of four MOSFETs, the middle points of bridge arms of the four MOSFETs are respectively led out and connected with two ends of the resonant cavity, as can be seen from figure 1, the left end and the right end are respectively connected with the energy storage battery V1And DC bus V2Then respectively connecting two full-bridge structure circuits, each full-bridge circuit is composed of 4 MOSFETs, S1-S4And S5-S84 bridge arm middle points ABCD lead out wiring to two ends of the resonant cavity, and the resonant cavity at the battery side is composed of a resonant inductor LrResonant capacitor Cr1The resonant cavity at the side of the DC bus consists of a resonant capacitor Cr2And (4) forming. Connecting the two resonant cavities is a high-frequency transformer T, the transformation ratio of which is set as n: 1.
when the CLLC resonant bidirectional DC/DC converter runs under reverse light load, phase shift control of a variable dead zone is adopted, at the maximum switching frequency, upper tubes and lower tubes in MOSFETs of two bridge arms on an inverting side in a CLLC resonant bidirectional DC/DC converter circuit are conducted complementarily, the duty ratios are the same, but driving signals of the MOSFETs of the two bridge arms on the inverting side are staggered by a certain angle theta, the staggered angles are different, the dead zone time of the upper tubes and the lower tubes in the two bridge arms on the inverting side are not set to be the same, when the phase shift control of the variable dead zone is adopted, the switching frequency is fixed and is the maximum switching frequency set by a system, the MOSFETs on a rectifying side in the resonant bidirectional DC/DC converter circuit provide synchronous rectification control signals, and the duty ratios are smaller than or equal to the duty ratios of the control signals on the inverting side.
Further, said dead time tdeadIs set by the phase shift angle theta and the output junction capacitance C of the MOSFETossThe falling delay time T of the MOSFET drive signal VgsoffMaximum switching frequency fs max And an excitation inductor LmThe joint decision, namely: the correlation formula in step (7) is as follows:
Figure BDA0003330547650000051
in the formula, tdeadIs dead time, theta is phase shift angle, CossOutput junction capacitance, T, for MOSFEToffFor driving signal V by MOSFETgsFall delay time of (f)smaxFor maximum switching frequency, L, of the convertermIs the excitation inductance of the transformer of the converter.
The theoretical analysis is as follows:
under the working condition of light-load operation, the current flowing through the resonant capacitor is small, so that the voltage drop is not large, the voltage drop of the resonant capacitor can be considered to be zero, and the power supply voltage V is2Directly loaded to the exciting inductance LmThe above.
Phase shift angle theta and phase shift duty cycle DyThe relationship of (A) is as follows:
Figure BDA0003330547650000061
and due to the rise time Deltat and the phase-shift duty cycle DyThe relationship of (1):
Figure BDA0003330547650000062
wherein t isdeadIs the dead time.
The relationship between the phase shift angle θ and the rise time Δ t can be obtained by bringing the formula (1) into the formula (2):
Figure BDA0003330547650000063
at 0.5 (1-D)y)TsIn time, the excitation inductance LmThe voltage across can be approximately seen as V2Then, the rising slope of the excitation current is:
Figure BDA0003330547650000064
and the maximum value of the excitation current can be approximately calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003330547650000065
by bringing formulae (3) and (4) into formula (5):
Figure BDA0003330547650000066
in CLLC phase shift control, zero voltage switching-on of a MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor) of a lagging bridge arm is difficult to lead the leading bridge arm, namely, the leading bridge arm can realize ZVS as long as the lagging bridge arm is ensured to realize ZVS, and the condition that the lagging bridge arm realizes ZVS is that a resonant current iCr2The hysteresis bridge arm can be charged and discharged within the dead time, namely:
iCr2·tdead≥2CossV2 (7)
closer to the actual condition, the switch tube is not turned off ideally, and it has a turn-off delay time ToffThe data can be measured according to the actual MOSFET driving waveform, and in consideration of the factor, the realization condition of the hysteresis bridge arm ZVS can be corrected to obtain:
icr2·(tdead-Toff)≥2CossV2 (8)
and iCr2At the moment when the lagging leg enters the dead zone is equal to the field current IPNamely:
Ip=iCr2(t)|t=tdead_Start (9)
resonant current iCr2In the dead time is falling, and in the worst case iCr2And drops to 0 just at the end of the dead band. To simplify the analysis, consider the current iCr2There is a linear drop in the dead time. The ZVS implementation conditions are therefore:
Figure BDA0003330547650000071
formula (6) is substituted for formula (10) to obtain:
Figure BDA0003330547650000072
it can be seen that the expression (11) relates to the dead time tdeadA second inequality of the first one, t is obtained by using the root-finding formuladeadAs shown in equation (12):
Figure BDA0003330547650000081
in the phase-shifting control stage, the controller calculates the minimum value t of the dead time in real time according to the phase-shifting angle theta and the known conditionsdead_minThis minimum value is then passed to the PWM generator as the dead time of the control signal.
In order to verify the feasibility and the advancement of the control method, a 2.4kW test circuit is built. The switching frequency in the dead zone phase shift control stage in the test was 200 kHz. Under the light-load working condition of 3% -10% of rated load, a comparison test of a traditional fixed dead zone control strategy and the variable dead zone control strategy provided by the invention is carried out, so that the superiority and the practicability of the control method are proved.
The specific test parameters are as follows: primary side voltage V1Is in the range of 180V-216V, the secondary side voltage V2The range of (1) is 370V-400V, the inductance of the primary side of the transformer is 45.5 muH, the inductance of the secondary side of the transformer is 174.8 muH, and the excitation inductance LmIs 8.6. mu.H, Cr1Has a value of 326.5nF, Cr2Is 132 nF. The measured MOSFET drive signal fall delay time is 70ns, and the MOSFET equivalent output junction capacitance CossTake 120 pF.
Efficiency comparison tests of reverse light-load fixed dead zone phase-shift control and variable dead zone phase-shift control are carried out, wherein the highest input voltage is 400V, and the voltage is reduced to 180V, and the rated power is 3% -10%, so that the high efficiency of the control strategy in reverse light-load operation is reflected. The driving waveforms for the variable-dead-zone phase shift control are shown in fig. 3.
Under the condition of 3% -10% of rated load, the test efficiency ratio of dead zone phase-shift control and variable dead zone phase-shift control is shown in fig. 5, and the test result shows that under the light load working condition of 3% -10% of rated load, the variable dead zone phase-shift control is improved by about 0.5% compared with the fixed dead zone phase-shift control efficiency, and the efficiency of reverse light load operation of the converter is improved.

Claims (7)

1. A control method applied to the reverse light-load operation of a CLLC bidirectional DC/DC converter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) obtaining output junction capacitance C of MOSFET in CLLC resonant bidirectional DC/DC converter circuit by consulting documentoss
(2) According to open-loop debugging, an oscilloscope is used for measuring a MOSFET driving signal VgsIs decreased by the delay time Toff
(3) Setting the maximum switching frequency fsmaxAnd an excitation inductor Lm
(4) Confirming that the converter enters a reverse light-load operation stage through a control system;
(5) entering closed-loop control of phase-shifting dead zone control;
(6) sampling the output voltage through a control system to obtain a phase-shifting angle theta;
(7) the controller obtains the dead time t according to the phase shift angle and the related formuladead
(8) And obtaining a PWM control signal meeting the conditions according to the phase shift angle and the dead time.
2. The control method applied to the reverse light-load operation of the CLLC bidirectional DC/DC converter according to claim 1, wherein: the CLLC resonant bidirectional DC/DC converter circuit comprises a full-bridge circuit on a primary side and a full-bridge circuit on a secondary side, wherein the full-bridge circuit on the primary side is connected with an energy storage battery V1The full bridge circuit of the secondary side is connected with a direct current bus V2The full-bridge circuit on the primary side and the full-bridge circuit on the secondary side are both composed of four MOSFETs, and the middle points of bridge arms of the four MOSFETs are respectively led out to be connected with two ends of the resonant cavity.
3. The control method applied to the reverse light-load operation of the CLLC bidirectional DC/DC converter according to claim 1, wherein: during reverse light-load operation, phase shift control of a variable dead zone is adopted, at the maximum switching frequency, an upper tube and a lower tube in MOSFETs of two bridge arms on an inversion side of the CLLC resonant bidirectional DC/DC converter circuit are conducted in a complementary mode, the duty ratios are the same, and driving signals of the MOSFETs of the two bridge arms on the inversion side are staggered.
4. The control method applied to the reverse light-load operation of the CLLC bidirectional DC/DC converter according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (5), when the phase shift control of the variable dead zone is adopted, the switching frequency is fixed, and the switching frequency is the maximum switching frequency set by the system.
5. The control method applied to the reverse light-load operation of the CLLC bidirectional DC/DC converter according to claim 1, wherein: and the MOSFET at the rectifying side in the CLLC resonant bidirectional DC/DC converter circuit provides a synchronous rectification control signal, and the duty ratio is less than or equal to that of the control signal at the inverting side.
6. The control method applied to the reverse light-load operation of the CLLC bidirectional DC/DC converter according to claim 1, wherein: the dead time tdeadIs set by the phase shift angle theta and the output junction capacitance C of the MOSFETossThe falling delay time T of the MOSFET drive signal VgsoffSwitching frequency fsmaxAnd an excitation inductor LmAnd (4) jointly determining.
7. The control method applied to the reverse light-load operation of the CLLC bidirectional DC/DC converter according to claim 1, wherein: the correlation formula mentioned in the step (7) is as follows:
Figure FDA0003330547640000021
in the formula, tdeadIs dead time, theta is phase shift angle, CossOutput junction capacitance, T, for MOSFEToffFor driving signal V by MOSFETgsFall delay time of (f)smaxFor maximum switching frequency, L, of the convertermIs the excitation inductance of the transformer of the converter.
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CN117728695A (en) * 2024-02-08 2024-03-19 浙江艾罗网络能源技术股份有限公司 Control method and controller of double-active-bridge converter and double-active-bridge converter

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CN110401350A (en) * 2019-07-01 2019-11-01 中南大学 Phase Shift Control Method of Full Load Range ZVS of Dual Active Full Bridge Bidirectional DC-DC Converter
CN112202336A (en) * 2020-09-17 2021-01-08 华南理工大学 Control method of bidirectional CLLLC type converter capable of automatically switching power directions

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CN110401350A (en) * 2019-07-01 2019-11-01 中南大学 Phase Shift Control Method of Full Load Range ZVS of Dual Active Full Bridge Bidirectional DC-DC Converter
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