CN114046507B - A device and method for utilizing waste incineration waste heat for combined cooling and power generation - Google Patents
A device and method for utilizing waste incineration waste heat for combined cooling and power generation Download PDFInfo
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- CN114046507B CN114046507B CN202111503670.1A CN202111503670A CN114046507B CN 114046507 B CN114046507 B CN 114046507B CN 202111503670 A CN202111503670 A CN 202111503670A CN 114046507 B CN114046507 B CN 114046507B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
- F25B27/02—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
- F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
- F23G2206/203—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation with a power/heat generating installation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
- Y02A30/274—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies using waste energy, e.g. from internal combustion engine
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供的一种冷电联供的垃圾焚烧余热利用装置及方法，包括垃圾焚烧炉，所述垃圾焚烧炉上设置有城市生活垃圾入口和空气入口；所述垃圾焚烧炉上设置有高温烟气出口和高温炉渣出口，其中，所述高温炉渣出口和高温烟气出口均连接至蒸汽朗肯循环系统；所述蒸汽朗肯循环系统的低温气体出口连接有机朗肯循环系统的气体入口；所述有机朗肯循环系统上设置有低温气体出口和循环水出口，所述低温气体出口连接有制冷设备；所述循环水出口连接蒸汽朗肯循环系统的循环水入口；本发明通过多级热量回收单元将垃圾焚烧电厂焚烧炉底部的炉渣和烟气中的热量进行回收，之后经由蒸汽朗肯循环系统和有机朗肯循环系统进行发电，提高了垃圾焚烧电厂的输出功率；之后利用有机朗肯循环系统产生的低温烟气的热量驱动制冷机提取冷量，实现冷电联供，为电厂提供供冷收入。
The present invention provides a waste incineration waste heat utilization device and method for combined cooling and power generation, including a waste incinerator, wherein the waste incinerator is provided with a municipal domestic waste inlet and an air inlet; the waste incinerator is provided with a high-temperature flue gas outlet and a high-temperature slag outlet, wherein the high-temperature slag outlet and the high-temperature flue gas outlet are both connected to a steam Rankine cycle system; the low-temperature gas outlet of the steam Rankine cycle system is connected to the gas inlet of an organic Rankine cycle system; the organic Rankine cycle system is provided with a low-temperature gas outlet and a circulating water outlet, and the low-temperature gas outlet is connected to a refrigeration device; the circulating water outlet is connected to the circulating water inlet of the steam Rankine cycle system; the present invention recovers the heat in the slag and flue gas at the bottom of the incinerator of a waste incineration power plant through a multi-stage heat recovery unit, and then generates electricity through the steam Rankine cycle system and the organic Rankine cycle system, thereby increasing the output power of the waste incineration power plant; then, the heat of the low-temperature flue gas generated by the organic Rankine cycle system is used to drive the refrigeration machine to extract cold energy, thereby realizing combined cooling and power generation and providing cooling income for the power plant.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of waste incineration power generation, and particularly relates to a combined cooling and power waste heat utilization device and method for waste incineration.
Background
In the long term, landfill leachate generated in the landfill process is difficult to treat, so that land and groundwater resources in the area are polluted, and along with the promotion of urban land, the pressure of landfill is increased.
The garbage incineration power generation is to release chemical energy stored in the household garbage through incineration, convert the chemical energy into heat energy and utilize the heat energy. Compared with landfill, the emission of the polluted gas generated by the garbage incineration is much lower, and meanwhile, the consumption of non-renewable energy sources can be reduced by the generated electric power and heat supply, so that the energy conservation and emission reduction are realized, and the method is gradually becoming the main stream for treating urban household garbage in China.
Although incineration has remarkable advantages in harmless treatment of municipal solid waste, some key problems to be solved exist, the most extensive problems are that the overall energy efficiency of the waste incineration power plant is low, and large low-grade energy loss exists, and the main reasons are heat loss of boiler combustion and low-temperature heat loss of tail gas smoke exhaust. In addition, the bottom ash particles at the bottom of the incinerator of the garbage incineration power plant also contain larger waste heat energy, but the current garbage incineration power plant rarely utilizes the heat.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a combined cooling and power waste heat utilization device and method for waste incineration, which solve the defect that the heat in slag at the bottom of an incinerator of a waste incineration power plant is not utilized, but only the waste heat in flue gas is utilized in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The invention provides a combined cooling and power garbage incineration waste heat utilization device, which comprises a garbage incinerator, wherein an urban household garbage inlet and an air inlet are arranged on the garbage incinerator, a high-temperature flue gas outlet and a high-temperature slag outlet are arranged on the garbage incinerator, and the high-temperature slag outlet and the high-temperature flue gas outlet are both connected to a steam Rankine cycle system;
The low-temperature gas outlet of the steam Rankine cycle system is connected with a gas inlet of the organic Rankine cycle system, the organic Rankine cycle system is provided with a low-temperature gas outlet and a circulating water outlet, the low-temperature gas outlet is connected with refrigeration equipment, and the circulating water outlet is connected with a circulating water inlet of the steam Rankine cycle system.
Preferably, the steam rankine cycle system comprises a slag waste heat boiler, a flue gas waste heat boiler, a first turbine and a third turbine, wherein the high-temperature slag outlet is connected with a slag inlet arranged on the slag waste heat boiler, and a superheated steam outlet arranged on the slag waste heat boiler is connected with a steam inlet of the first turbine;
The high-temperature flue gas outlet is connected with a flue gas inlet arranged on the flue gas waste heat boiler, and a superheated steam outlet arranged on the flue gas waste heat boiler is connected with a steam inlet of the third steam turbine;
the exhaust steam outlet arranged on the first steam turbine and the low-temperature flue gas outlet arranged on the flue gas waste heat boiler are connected with an organic Rankine cycle system;
And a circulating water inlet arranged on the slag waste heat boiler is connected with a circulating water outlet of the organic Rankine cycle system.
Preferably, a second condenser is arranged between the circulating water inlet on the slag waste heat boiler and the circulating water outlet of the organic Rankine cycle system.
Preferably, a waste steam outlet on the third steam turbine is connected with a waste steam inlet of the first condenser, and a condensed water outlet arranged on the first condenser is connected with a circulating water inlet arranged on the flue gas waste heat boiler.
The organic Rankine cycle system comprises a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger and a second steam turbine, wherein a gas inlet on the first heat exchanger and a gas inlet on the second heat exchanger are both connected with a gas outlet arranged on the steam Rankine cycle system, an organic working medium outlet arranged on the first heat exchanger is connected with an organic working medium inlet arranged on the second heat exchanger, a superheated steam outlet arranged on the second heat exchanger is connected with a steam inlet arranged on the second steam turbine, and a dead steam outlet arranged on the second steam turbine is connected with the organic working medium inlet of the first heat exchanger through a third condenser.
Preferably, a low-temperature gas outlet on the first heat exchanger is connected with a circulating water inlet arranged on the steam Rankine cycle system through a second condenser.
Preferably, a low-temperature gas outlet arranged on the second heat exchanger is connected with refrigeration equipment.
Preferably, the refrigerating equipment comprises a refrigerating machine, wherein a flue gas inlet is arranged on the refrigerating machine, the flue gas inlet is connected with a low-temperature flue gas outlet of the organic Rankine cycle system, and a cold water supply outlet is arranged on the refrigerating machine.
A method for utilizing waste incineration waste heat by combined cooling and power comprises the following steps:
Urban household garbage enters a garbage incinerator and is incinerated under the combustion supporting of air to generate high-temperature slag and high-temperature smoke;
Generating power by using the obtained high-temperature flue gas and high-temperature slag through a steam Rankine cycle system;
generating power by utilizing low-temperature gas generated by the steam Rankine cycle system by utilizing the organic Rankine cycle system;
and refrigerating the cold return water by utilizing low-temperature flue gas generated by the organic Rankine cycle.
Preferably, the high-temperature slag enters a slag waste heat boiler to exchange heat with circulating water, the circulating water receives the heat of the high-temperature slag to heat up to form superheated steam, the superheated steam is sent to a first steam turbine to do work and generate power, the exhaust steam after the work enters a first heat exchanger to exchange heat with a circulating organic working medium, and then enters a second condenser to be condensed into water to return to the slag waste heat boiler, so that steam Rankine cycle is completed;
The circulating organic working medium is heated after heat exchange with exhaust steam in the first heat exchanger, then enters the second heat exchanger and cooled flue gas tail gas to be subjected to heat exchange and evaporation to form steam, then enters the second steam turbine to do work for power generation, and the processed organic working medium steam is condensed into liquid state through the third condenser to complete organic Rankine cycle;
the flue gas tail gas discharged by the incinerator enters a flue gas waste heat boiler to exchange heat with circulating water and then enters a second heat exchanger to exchange heat with organic working medium, and then enters a refrigerator to drive a refrigerator to cool;
the circulating water generates superheated steam in the flue gas waste heat boiler, enters a third steam turbine to do work for power generation, and the exhaust steam enters a first condenser to be condensed into water and then returns to the flue gas waste heat boiler to complete circulation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the combined cooling and power garbage incineration waste heat utilization device, heat in slag and smoke at the bottom of the garbage incineration power plant incinerator is simultaneously recycled through multistage heat recovery, power generation is performed through the steam Rankine cycle and the organic Rankine cycle, and output power of the garbage incineration power plant is improved. The refrigerating machine is driven by the heat of the low-temperature flue gas to extract cold energy, so that combined cooling and power supply is realized, and cooling income is provided for a power plant.
Furthermore, the output power and the energy utilization efficiency of the waste incineration power plant are improved through the cascade recovery of the heat of the flue gas and the slag and the matching and coupling of the heat of different grades;
furthermore, the waste heat boiler is used for recovering the heat of the slag to perform steam Rankine cycle power generation, so that the cooling water consumption in the conventional slag treatment process is greatly reduced.
Further, the refrigeration machine can be driven by low-temperature flue gas to produce cold energy, so that the combined cooling and power supply is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system configuration diagram according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the combined cooling and heating waste heat utilization device provided by the invention comprises a waste incinerator 1, a slag waste heat boiler 2, a first turbine 3, a second turbine 4, a third turbine 5, a flue gas waste heat boiler 6, a first condenser 7, a first heater 8, a second heater 9, a second condenser 10, a refrigerator 11 and a third condenser 12, wherein the waste incinerator 1 is provided with a waste inlet, an air inlet, a high-temperature flue gas outlet and a high-temperature slag outlet, the high-temperature flue gas outlet is connected with a flue gas inlet of the flue gas waste heat boiler 6, and a superheated steam outlet arranged on the flue gas waste heat boiler 6 is connected with a flue gas inlet of the third turbine 5.
The exhaust steam outlet on the third steam turbine 5 is connected with the inlet of the first condenser 7, and the condensed water outlet of the first condenser 7 is connected with the circulating water inlet arranged on the flue gas waste heat boiler 6.
The flue gas waste heat boiler 6 is provided with a flue gas inlet of which the flue gas outlet is connected with the second heater 9, and the low-temperature flue gas outlet arranged on the second heater 9 is connected with the flue gas inlet of the refrigerator 11.
The high-temperature slag outlet is connected with the slag inlet of the slag waste heat boiler 2, the superheated steam outlet arranged on the slag waste heat boiler 2 is connected with the steam inlet of the first steam turbine 3, the exhaust steam outlet on the first steam turbine 3 is connected with the gas inlet of the first heat exchanger 8, and the organic working medium outlet of the first heat exchanger 8 is connected with the organic working medium inlet of the second heat exchanger 9.
The superheated steam outlet arranged on the second heat exchanger 9 is connected with the steam inlet of the second steam turbine 4, the dead steam outlet of the second steam turbine 4 is connected with the inlet of the third condenser 12, and the condensate water outlet of the third condenser 12 is connected with the circulating water inlet of the first heat exchanger 8.
The circulating water outlet arranged on the first heat exchanger 8 is connected with the inlet of the second condenser 10, and the circulating water outlet of the second condenser 10 is connected with the circulating water inlet of the slag waste heat boiler 2.
The refrigerator 11 is provided with a cold water supply return inlet and a cold water supply outlet.
The working process of the invention comprises the following steps:
urban household garbage 13 enters the garbage incinerator 1 and is incinerated under the combustion supporting of air 14 to generate high-temperature slag 16 and high-temperature flue gas 15.
The high-temperature slag 16 from the bottom of the incinerator of the garbage incineration power plant enters the slag waste heat boiler 2 to exchange heat with circulating water, and cooled solid particles are discharged.
The circulating water receives the heat of slag to form superheated steam, the superheated steam is sent to the first steam turbine 3 to do work and generate power, the exhaust steam after work is sent to the first heat exchanger 8 to exchange heat with circulating organic working medium, and then the exhaust steam is sent to the second condenser 10 to be condensed into water to return to the slag waste heat boiler 2, so that steam Rankine cycle is completed.
The circulating organic working medium exchanges heat with steam in the first heat exchanger 8, then enters the second heat exchanger 9, exchanges heat with cooled flue gas tail gas, evaporates into steam, then enters the second steam turbine 4 to do work for power generation, and the processed organic working medium steam is condensed into liquid state through the third condenser 12 to complete the organic Rankine cycle.
The flue gas tail gas 15 discharged from the incinerator enters the flue gas waste heat boiler 6 to exchange heat with circulating water for cooling, then enters the second heat exchanger 9 to exchange heat with organic working medium, and then enters the refrigerator 11 to drive refrigeration and then goes to the purification device.
The circulating water is heated in the flue gas waste heat boiler 6 to generate superheated steam, the superheated steam enters the third steam turbine 5 to perform power generation, and the dead steam enters the first condenser 7 to be condensed into water and then returns to the flue gas waste heat boiler 6 to complete circulation.
The cold supply backwater 17 enters the refrigerator 11 to extract cold energy under the action of low-temperature flue gas for cold supply.
According to the invention, the heat in the slag and the smoke at the bottom of the incinerator of the garbage incineration power plant is simultaneously recycled through multistage heat recovery, and the power generation is performed through the steam Rankine cycle and the organic Rankine cycle, so that the output power of the garbage incineration power plant is improved. The refrigerating machine is driven by the heat of the low-temperature flue gas to extract cold energy, so that combined cooling and power supply is realized, and cooling income is provided for a power plant.
1. The output power and the energy utilization efficiency of the waste incineration power plant are improved through the cascade recovery of the heat of the flue gas and the slag and the matching and coupling of the heat of different grades;
2. The waste heat boiler is used for recovering the heat of the slag to perform steam Rankine cycle power generation, so that the cooling water consumption in the conventional treatment process of the slag is greatly reduced.
3. The refrigeration energy is produced by using the low-temperature flue gas to drive the refrigerator, so that the combined cooling and power supply is realized.
The cascade recovery of the smoke and the slag heat and the matching and coupling between different grade heat improve the output power and the energy utilization efficiency of the waste incineration power plant, and the waste heat boiler is used for recovering the slag heat for steam Rankine cycle power generation, so that the cooling water consumption in the conventional slag treatment process is greatly reduced. The refrigerating energy is produced by using the low-temperature flue gas to drive the refrigerator, so that a certain amount of cold energy is provided for the power plant, and the combined cooling and power supply is realized.
Claims (6)
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| CN202111503670.1A CN114046507B (en) | 2021-12-09 | 2021-12-09 | A device and method for utilizing waste incineration waste heat for combined cooling and power generation |
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| CN103161527B (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2015-02-04 | 南京瑞柯徕姆环保科技有限公司 | Steam Rankine and organic Rankine combined cycle power generation device |
| KR20150109102A (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2015-10-01 | 김영선 | Organic Rankine Cycle electricity generation system |
| CN214464459U (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-10-22 | 华北电力大学 | Deep waste heat utilization system of integrated organic Rankine cycle waste incineration power station |
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