CN114042278A - Fire control method and fire control system for nuclear fuel post-processing plant - Google Patents
Fire control method and fire control system for nuclear fuel post-processing plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN114042278A CN114042278A CN202111250238.6A CN202111250238A CN114042278A CN 114042278 A CN114042278 A CN 114042278A CN 202111250238 A CN202111250238 A CN 202111250238A CN 114042278 A CN114042278 A CN 114042278A
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- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010003497 Asphyxia Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
- A62C31/28—Accessories for delivery devices, e.g. supports
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
- A62C37/36—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device
- A62C37/38—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone
- A62C37/40—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone with electric connection between sensor and actuator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J11/00—Devices for conducting smoke or fumes, e.g. flues
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
- A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
- A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide
- A62C99/0027—Carbon dioxide extinguishers
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fire control method for a nuclear fuel post-processing plant, which comprises the following steps: introducing non-combustible and non-combustion-supporting gas into an equipment room in a nuclear fuel post-treatment plant, wherein the equipment room is in a fire, so that the oxygen concentration in the gas in the equipment room is reduced until the fire is extinguished; and venting the gas from the equipment room to prevent overpressure in the equipment room. The invention also discloses a fire control system of the nuclear fuel post-processing plant. The invention can realize quick fire extinguishing and avoid overpressure risk.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear engineering, in particular to a fire control method and a fire control system for a nuclear fuel post-processing plant.
Background
Nuclear fuel post-treatment plants have high radioactivity levels and high pollution levels, and a large amount of combustible liquid (kerosene or tributyl phosphate) is stored in part of equipment rooms of the plants, so that fire disasters caused by leakage can occur in case of accidents, and strict fire control is needed.
However, since the radioactivity level in the equipment room of the nuclear fuel reprocessing plant is high, the temperature and smoke detection cannot be directly performed, and the fire detection is difficult. Moreover, because the equipment rooms are high in radioactivity environment, if water is used as a fire extinguishing medium, a critical accident is easily caused or a large amount of radioactive waste liquid is easily generated; if gas is used as fire extinguishing medium, the overpressure problem of the equipment chamber is easily caused.
In a conventional nuclear fuel reprocessing plant, fire control is typically performed in the following manner:
(1) and (5) extinguishing fire by suffocation. By means of high sealing performance in the equipment room of the nuclear fuel post-treatment plant, fire valves in front of and behind the equipment room are closed when a fire breaks out, the oxygen content in the equipment room is gradually reduced along with the development of the fire, and when the oxygen content is reduced to be below a concentration value required by the fire, the fire cannot continue, so that the fire is extinguished in a suffocation mode. The method is more applied to foreign nuclear fuel reprocessing plants such as France, and the time required for fire extinguishing is longer. According to the results of the simulation calculation, for a volume of 4512m3Is made up of (23.5 m)
9.1m × 21.1m), the fire extinguishing time required for the suffocation fire extinguishing is about 407 seconds in the case of 100L kerosene leakage, and the fire extinguishing time is long, so that the effective and rapid fire extinguishing cannot be realized. Also, this method is a passive method and there is no effective means to suppress a fire if other conditions occur during the fire.
(2) The fire is extinguished by totally flooding carbon dioxide. According to the national standard 'design code of carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system' GB50193-93(2010 edition), a large amount of CO is sprayed in a short time2Gas, rapidly increasing CO2The concentration of the gas reaches the fire extinguishing function, CO2The spraying time of (2) should not exceed 1 min. According to the result of simulation calculation, the method can achieve the fire extinguishing effect within 47s, and can be used for realizingThe fire is quickly extinguished. However, since a large amount of CO is injected in a short time2The gas, which may cause a sharp rise in pressure in the equipment room, runs the risk of overpressure. According to the simulation calculation result, the pressure in the equipment room can reach about 8000Pa, the limit pressure-bearing capacity of the fire valves at the front and the rear of the equipment room is 5000Pa, and the overpressure can cause the failure of the fire valves, so that the fire spreading or the radioactive leakage is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a fire control method and a fire control system for a nuclear fuel post-processing plant, which can realize quick fire extinguishing and avoid overpressure risk, aiming at the defects in the prior art.
According to one aspect of the invention, a fire control method for a nuclear fuel post-processing plant is provided, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a method of controlling a fire in a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant comprising: introducing non-combustible and non-combustion-supporting gas into an equipment room in a nuclear fuel post-treatment plant, wherein the equipment room is in a fire, so that the oxygen concentration in the gas in the equipment room is reduced until the fire is extinguished; and venting the gas from the equipment room to prevent overpressure in the equipment room.
Preferably, the fire control method further comprises: after the fire is extinguished, the incombustible non-combustion-supporting gas is continuously introduced into the equipment room, so that the oxygen concentration in the equipment room is kept below the oxygen concentration value required by the fire, and the fire reignition is prevented.
Preferably, the non-combustible non-combustion-supporting gas is introduced at a rate not more than the discharge rate of the gas in the equipment room.
Preferably, the non-combustible non-combustion-supporting gas is an inert gas or carbon dioxide or nitrogen.
According to another aspect of the invention, a fire control system of a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant is provided, which comprises the following technical scheme:
the fire control system of the nuclear fuel post-processing plant comprises a gas supply unit and an exhaust unit, wherein the gas supply unit is communicated with an equipment room of the nuclear fuel post-processing plant and is used for introducing non-combustion and non-combustion gas into the equipment room which is in a fire disaster in the nuclear fuel post-processing plant; and the exhaust unit is communicated with the equipment room and is used for exhausting gas in the equipment room with the fire.
Preferably, the gas supply unit comprises a storage tank, a gas supply pipeline and a gas supply control valve, wherein the storage tank is used for storing non-combustion and non-combustion gas; one end of the gas supply pipeline is communicated with the storage tank, and the other end of the gas supply pipeline is communicated with the equipment room and used for introducing non-combustible and non-combustion-supporting gas in the storage tank into the equipment room; the air supply control valve is arranged on the outlet of the storage tank or the air supply pipeline and used for controlling the on-off between the storage tank and the equipment room and adjusting the air supply amount.
Preferably, the exhaust unit includes an exhaust pipe and an exhaust control valve, one end of the exhaust pipe communicates with the equipment room, and the other end thereof communicates with the atmosphere environment, for exhausting gas in the equipment room; the exhaust control valve is arranged on the exhaust pipeline and used for controlling the on-off of the exhaust pipeline.
Preferably, the exhaust pipeline is an exhaust pipeline of the equipment room, the exhaust control valve is a fire damper on the exhaust pipeline, and the fire damper on the exhaust pipeline is a 70 ℃ fusing fire damper.
Preferably, the gas supply unit further comprises a first flowmeter, the first flowmeter is arranged on the gas supply pipeline and is used for detecting the introduction rate of the non-combustion and non-combustion gas; the exhaust unit further comprises a second flow meter, which is provided on the exhaust duct, for detecting the exhaust rate of the gas in the equipment room.
Preferably, the fire control system further comprises a control component, wherein the control component comprises a fire detector and a controller, and the fire detector is used for detecting whether a fire disaster happens in the equipment room and sending a fire alarm signal to the controller when the fire disaster happens; the controller is electrically connected with the gas supply unit and the exhaust unit respectively and is used for controlling the gas supply unit to introduce non-combustion and non-combustion gas into the equipment room and controlling the exhaust unit to exhaust the gas in the equipment room when receiving the fire alarm signal.
Preferably, the control assembly further comprises a timer, wherein the timer is used for timing the time of continuing to introduce the non-combustible non-combustion-supporting gas after the fire is extinguished, obtaining the ventilation time and transmitting the ventilation time to the controller; the controller is also electrically connected with the timer, is preset with a ventilation time threshold and is used for receiving the ventilation time sent by the timer and comparing the ventilation time with the ventilation time threshold, and when the ventilation time reaches the ventilation time threshold, the controller controls the air supply control valve to be closed.
Preferably, the controller is further electrically connected to a fire damper on the air inlet duct of the equipment room, and is further configured to control the fire damper on the air inlet duct of the equipment room to close to stop ventilation into the equipment room when a fire alarm signal is received.
The fire control method and the fire control system for the nuclear fuel post-processing plant can realize rapid fire extinguishing and avoid overpressure risk. Compared with the suffocation fire-extinguishing method in the prior art, the fire-extinguishing method can effectively shorten the fire-extinguishing time and realize quick fire extinguishing, and the fire-extinguishing method is an active fire-extinguishing method, so that the situation that no effective means is available for suppressing the fire can be avoided if other situations occur in the fire process; compared with the full-flooding carbon dioxide fire extinguishing method in the prior art, the fire control method can prevent the fire valve of the fire-proof boundary of the equipment room from being damaged due to overpressure in the equipment room, and prevent fire spreading or radioactive substances from leaking. The invention is particularly suitable for equipment rooms with high radioactivity, high sealing performance and large amount of combustible liquid in the equipment rooms.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fire control system of a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the variation of the fire power with the time of introduction of the unburned incombustible gas in the example of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the variation of the pressure in the equipment chamber with the time of introduction of the non-combusted non-combustion supporting gas in the example of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-an equipment room; 2-a storage tank; 3-a gas supply pipeline; 4-an exhaust duct; 5-a fire damper; 6-an air inlet pipeline; 7-a fire detector; 8-a controller.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the indication of orientation or positional relationship, such as "on" or the like, is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience and simplicity of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must be provided with a specific orientation, constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "connected," "disposed," "mounted," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being fixedly or removably connected, or integrally connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, or through the interconnection of two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases for those skilled in the art.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment discloses a fire control method for a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant, including:
introducing non-combustible and non-combustion-supporting gas into an equipment room 1 in a nuclear fuel post-treatment plant, wherein the equipment room is in a fire, so that the oxygen concentration in the gas in the equipment room is reduced until the fire is extinguished;
and the gas inside the equipment room 1 is exhausted to prevent overpressure in the equipment room.
Specifically, the fire control method takes the introduced non-combustible and non-combustion-supporting gas as a fire control medium, so that the speed of reducing the oxygen concentration is accelerated, and when the oxygen concentration is reduced to a certain degree, the non-combustible and non-combustion-supporting gas can play a role in isolating oxygen, so that the fire is extinguished, and the purpose of controlling the fire (controlling the fire) is achieved.
In some embodiments, the present fire control method further comprises: after the fire is extinguished, the incombustible non-combustion-supporting gas is continuously introduced into the equipment room 1, so that the oxygen concentration in the equipment room is kept below the oxygen concentration value required by the fire, and the fire reignition is prevented.
In the embodiment, after the fire is extinguished, the time for continuously introducing the incombustible non-combustion-supporting gas is preferably 5-10 min.
In some embodiments, the rate of introduction of the non-combusting non-comburent gas should be less than or equal to the rate of removal of the gas from the equipment compartment to ensure that there is no over-pressure within the equipment compartment.
In this embodiment, in consideration of the pressure requirement of various devices in the device room on the environment, the feeding rate of the non-combustible non-combustion-supporting gas is preferably equal to the exhaust rate of the gas in the device room, that is, the feeding rate of the non-combustible non-combustion-supporting gas is consistent with the exhaust rate of the gas in the device room, so as to maintain the pressure in the device room as high as possible, which is beneficial to reducing the influence of fire on the devices in the device room.
In some embodiments, the non-combusting non-combustion supporting gas may be an inert gas, carbon dioxide, or nitrogen. Of course, the non-combustion gas is not limited to the above-mentioned gas, and is not described in detail herein.
The fire control method for the nuclear fuel post-processing plant of the embodiment can realize rapid fire extinguishing and avoid overpressure risk. Compared with the suffocation fire-extinguishing method in the prior art, the fire-controlling method can effectively shorten the fire-extinguishing time and realize quick fire-extinguishing, and is an active fire-extinguishing method, so that if other conditions occur in the fire process (for example, the storage tank is damaged in the fire process, and the fire intensity is enhanced due to the fact that a large amount of combustible liquid leaks out), the situation that no effective means is used for suppressing the fire can be avoided; compared with the full-flooding carbon dioxide fire extinguishing method in the prior art, the fire control method can prevent the fire valve of the fire-proof boundary of the equipment room from being damaged due to overpressure in the equipment room, and prevent fire spreading or radioactive substances from leaking. The fire control method is particularly suitable for equipment rooms with high radioactivity, high sealing performance and large amount of combustible liquid inside.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment discloses a fire control system of a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant, including an air supply unit and an air exhaust unit, wherein:
the gas supply unit is communicated with the equipment room 1 of the nuclear fuel post-treatment plant and is used for introducing non-combustion and non-combustion-supporting gas into the equipment room with fire in the nuclear fuel post-treatment plant so as to reduce the concentration of oxygen in the gas in the equipment room until the fire is extinguished;
and the exhaust unit is communicated with the equipment room 1 and is used for exhausting gas in the equipment room with a fire disaster so as to prevent overpressure in the equipment room and avoid damaging a fire prevention valve at the fire prevention boundary of the equipment room.
In some embodiments, the air supply unit includes a tank 2, an air supply duct 3, and an air supply control valve (not shown in fig. 1), wherein: the storage tank 2 is used for storing non-combustion and non-combustion-supporting gas; one end of the gas supply pipeline 3 is communicated with the storage tank 2, and the other end of the gas supply pipeline is communicated with the equipment room 1 and is used for introducing non-combustible and non-combustion-supporting gas in the storage tank into the equipment room; the air supply control valve is arranged on the outlet of the storage tank 2 or on the air supply pipeline 3 and is used for controlling the on-off between the storage tank and the equipment room and adjusting the air supply quantity (namely adjusting the feeding rate of the non-combustion and non-combustion gas).
Specifically, the storage tank 2 is preferably disposed outside the equipment room 1, the incombustible non-combustion-supporting gas may be an inert gas, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or the like, the type of the storage tank 2 is specifically determined according to the type of the incombustible non-combustion-supporting gas, and the specification of the storage tank 2 is to satisfy the amount of the incombustible non-combustion-supporting gas consumed for fire extinguishment when a fire occurs in the equipment room. When a fire breaks out, the air supply control valve is opened to introduce inert gas, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and other non-combustion gas into the equipment room.
In this embodiment, an electric valve is preferably used as the air supply control valve.
In some embodiments, the exhaust unit comprises an exhaust conduit and an exhaust control valve, wherein: one end of the exhaust pipeline is communicated with the equipment room 1, and the other end of the exhaust pipeline is communicated with the atmospheric environment and used for exhausting the gas in the equipment room to the atmospheric environment; the exhaust control valve is arranged on the exhaust pipeline and used for controlling the on-off of the exhaust pipeline. The dimensions of the exhaust duct are adapted to those of the gas supply duct 3 so that the rate of gas exhaust from the equipment room is at least not lower than the rate of non-combustible non-comburent gas introduced into the equipment room, ensuring that the equipment room is not over-pressurised. In the event of a fire, the exhaust control valve is opened to exhaust the gas in the equipment room.
In the present embodiment, the design specifications of the exhaust duct and the gas supply duct 3 are preferably the same as those of the carbon dioxide transport duct in "carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system design specification" GB50193-93(2010 version).
In some embodiments, since the exhaust duct 4 is generally disposed on the equipment room 1, and the fire damper 5 is disposed on the exhaust duct 4, the exhaust duct may be the exhaust duct 4 of the equipment room, and the exhaust control valve may be the fire damper 5 on the exhaust duct 4 of the equipment room, that is, the exhaust unit and the exhaust duct 4 and the fire damper 5 on the equipment room may share the same equipment. Under normal conditions, the fire damper on the exhaust duct 4 is normally open to exhaust air, and when a fire occurs, the fire damper continues to be normally open to exhaust gas in the equipment room, so as to prevent overpressure in the equipment room.
In this embodiment, the fire-proof valve 5 on the exhaust duct 4 is preferably a 70 ℃ fusing fire-proof valve, and when a fire occurs, the fire-proof valve can be automatically fused and closed after the temperature reaches 70 ℃ so as to prevent the flame from spreading to other equipment rooms along the exhaust duct.
In some embodiments, the gas supply unit further comprises a first flow meter (not shown) arranged on the gas supply duct for detecting the rate of introduction of the non-combusted non-comburent gas. The exhaust unit further includes a second flow meter (not shown) provided on the exhaust duct for detecting a discharge rate of the gas in the equipment room.
In some embodiments, the present fire control system further comprises a control assembly comprising a fire detector 7 and a controller 8, wherein: the fire detector 7 is used for detecting whether a fire disaster occurs in the equipment room and sending a fire alarm signal to the controller 8 when the fire disaster is detected; the controller is electrically connected with the gas supply unit and the exhaust unit respectively and is used for controlling the gas supply unit to introduce non-combustible and non-combustion-supporting gas into the equipment room and controlling the exhaust unit to exhaust the gas in the equipment room when receiving the fire alarm signal.
Specifically, the controller 8 is electrically connected to a gas supply control valve (not shown) in the gas supply unit, and when a fire occurs, the gas supply control valve automatically opens a fire alarm signal sent from the fire detector 7 in a linkage manner, so that incombustible and incombustible gas is introduced into the equipment room. The controller 8 is electrically connected to an exhaust control valve in the exhaust unit, and when a fire occurs, the exhaust control valve is automatically opened in conjunction with a fire alarm signal transmitted from the fire detector 7, thereby exhausting gas from the equipment room.
The fire detector 7 is preferably arranged in the exhaust duct 4 and can be a smoke detector or a temperature detector. When a fire occurs, smoke generated by the fire is discharged from the exhaust duct 4 of the equipment room, so that the fire can be detected by the smoke detector, and meanwhile, the temperature of gas discharged from the exhaust duct 4 of the equipment room 1 is increased by the fire, so that the fire can be detected by the temperature detector. In addition, because the fire detector 7 is arranged in the exhaust duct 4, the problem that the smoke detector or the temperature detector cannot be directly adopted due to high radiation intensity in the equipment room can be solved.
In some embodiments, the control assembly further comprises a timer (not shown in fig. 1) for timing the time for continuing to introduce the non-combusted non-combustion supporting gas after the fire is extinguished, obtaining the introduction time, and transmitting the introduction time to the controller; the controller 8 is also electrically connected with the timer, a ventilation time threshold is preset on the controller, and the ventilation time threshold is used for receiving the ventilation time sent by the implementation timer and comparing the ventilation time with the ventilation time threshold, and when the ventilation time reaches the ventilation time threshold, the controller 8 controls the air supply control valve to be closed so as to stop supplying the non-combustion and non-combustion supporting gas.
In some embodiments, since the air inlet duct 6 is generally disposed on the equipment room 1, and the fire-proof valve 5 is disposed on the air outlet duct 6, the controller 8 can also be electrically connected to the fire-proof valve 5 on the air inlet duct 6 of the equipment room 1, and is further configured to control the fire-proof valve on the air inlet duct of the equipment room to close when receiving a fire alarm signal, so as to stop ventilation into the equipment room, thereby isolating oxygen from entering the equipment room, that is, after a fire occurs, the equipment room 1 has no oxygen supply.
In this embodiment, the fire damper 5 on the air inlet duct 6 is a 70 ℃ electric fire damper.
The operation of the fire control system of the nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in this embodiment is described in detail below, specifically as follows:
under normal conditions, the fire damper 5 on the air inlet pipeline 6 of the equipment room 1 and the fire damper 6 (namely the air exhaust control valve on the air exhaust pipeline) on the air exhaust pipeline 4 (namely the air exhaust pipeline in the air exhaust unit) are both opened;
when a fire breaks out, a fire detector 7 in an exhaust duct 4 judges whether the equipment room has a fire or not by detecting smoke in gas exhausted from the exhaust duct 4 or detecting the temperature of the gas exhausted from the exhaust duct 4, and sends a fire alarm signal to a controller 8 after judging that the equipment room has the fire, the controller 8 receives the fire alarm signal and then controls an air supply control valve in an air supply unit to open, so that non-combustible and non-combustion-supporting gas in a storage tank 2 is led into the equipment room 1, a fire valve 5 on an air inlet duct 6 is controlled to close, ventilation to the equipment room 1 is stopped, oxygen supplement is isolated, meanwhile, the fire valve 5 on the exhaust duct 4 is kept in an open state, so that gas in the equipment room 1 is exhausted, overpressure in the equipment room is prevented, and the fire is extinguished;
after the fire is extinguished, the incombustible non-combustion-supporting gas is continuously introduced, the time for continuously introducing the incombustible non-combustion-supporting gas can be controlled by setting a gas introduction time threshold (such as 10min), and when the time counted by the timer reaches 10min, the controller 8 controls the gas supply control valve to be closed, and the introduction of the incombustible non-combustion-supporting gas is stopped.
According to the working engineering, a change curve of Fire power and the flowing-in time of non-combustion and non-combustion gas (as shown in figure 2) and a change curve of pressure in an equipment room and the flowing-in time of non-combustion and non-combustion gas (as shown in figure 3) can be obtained through FDS (Fire Dynamics simulation) software simulation, as can be seen from figure 2, the Fire can be extinguished after the non-combustion and non-combustion gas is led in by the Fire control system for about 210S, which is lower than the extinguishing time (407S) required by the prior art for suffocation and extinguishment, as can be seen from figure 3, the pressure in the equipment room of the Fire control system is about 3000Pa at most and far lower than the highest pressure (8000Pa) of the prior art for extinguishing Fire by totally submerging carbon dioxide, and at the moment, the pressure in the equipment room can not exceed the limit pressure-bearing capacity (5000Pa) of Fire valves (namely a Fire valve on an air inlet pipeline and a Fire valve on an air outlet pipeline) at the front and back of the equipment room, the fire-proof valve cannot be damaged, and a fire-proof boundary can be effectively protected.
The fire control system of the nuclear fuel post-processing plant of the embodiment can realize rapid fire extinguishing by introducing the incombustible non-combustion-supporting gas, and can avoid overpressure risk by discharging the gas in the equipment room. Compared with the suffocation fire extinguishing method in the prior art, the fire control system can effectively shorten the fire extinguishing time and realize quick fire extinguishing, and moreover, the fire control system actively extinguishes fire, so that if other conditions occur in the fire process, the situation that no effective means is available for suppressing the fire can be avoided; compared with the full-flooding carbon dioxide fire extinguishing method in the prior art, the fire control system can prevent the fire valve of the fire-proof boundary of the equipment room from being damaged due to overpressure in the equipment room, and fire spreading or leakage of radioactive substances is avoided. The fire control system is particularly suitable for equipment rooms with high radioactivity, high sealing performance and large amount of combustible liquid inside.
It will be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments taken to illustrate the principles of the present invention, which is not limited thereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (12)
1. A method of fire control in a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant comprising:
introducing non-combustible and non-combustion-supporting gas into an equipment room in a nuclear fuel post-treatment plant, wherein the equipment room is in a fire, so that the oxygen concentration in the gas in the equipment room is reduced until the fire is extinguished;
and venting the gas from the equipment room to prevent overpressure in the equipment room.
2. A method of controlling a fire in a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant according to claim 1 and also comprising:
after the fire is extinguished, the incombustible non-combustion-supporting gas is continuously introduced into the equipment room, so that the oxygen concentration in the equipment room is kept below the oxygen concentration value required by the fire, and the fire reignition is prevented.
3. A fire control method for a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant according to claim 1 or 2 and wherein said non-combusting gas is introduced at a rate equal to or less than the rate of removal of gas from said equipment room.
4. A method of controlling fire in a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant according to claim 1 or 2 and wherein said non-combusting gas is an inert gas or carbon dioxide or nitrogen.
5. A fire control system of a nuclear fuel post-processing plant is characterized by comprising an air supply unit and an air exhaust unit,
the gas supply unit is communicated with an equipment room of the nuclear fuel post-treatment plant and is used for introducing non-combustion and non-combustion-supporting gas into the equipment room in the nuclear fuel post-treatment plant, which is in a fire disaster;
and the exhaust unit is communicated with the equipment room and is used for exhausting gas in the equipment room with the fire.
6. The fire control system of a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant according to claim 5, wherein said air supply unit includes a storage tank, an air supply duct, and an air supply control valve,
the storage tank is used for storing non-combustion and non-combustion-supporting gas;
one end of the gas supply pipeline is communicated with the storage tank, and the other end of the gas supply pipeline is communicated with the equipment room and used for introducing non-combustible and non-combustion-supporting gas in the storage tank into the equipment room;
the air supply control valve is arranged on the outlet of the storage tank or the air supply pipeline and used for controlling the on-off between the storage tank and the equipment room and adjusting the air supply amount.
7. The fire control system of a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant according to claim 6, wherein said exhaust unit comprises an exhaust duct and an exhaust control valve,
one end of the exhaust pipeline is communicated with the equipment chamber, and the other end of the exhaust pipeline is communicated with the atmospheric environment and used for exhausting gas in the equipment chamber;
the exhaust control valve is arranged on the exhaust pipeline and used for controlling the on-off of the exhaust pipeline.
8. The fire control system of a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant of claim 7, wherein said exhaust duct is an exhaust duct of said equipment room, said exhaust control valve is a fire damper on said exhaust duct, and said fire damper on said exhaust duct is a 70 ℃ fused fire damper.
9. The fire control system of a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant of claim 7,
the gas supply unit also comprises a first flowmeter, and the first flowmeter is arranged on the gas supply pipeline and is used for detecting the introduction rate of the non-combustion and non-combustion gas;
the exhaust unit further comprises a second flow meter, which is provided on the exhaust duct, for detecting the exhaust rate of the gas in the equipment room.
10. The fire control system of a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant according to any of claims 5 to 9, further comprising a control assembly including a fire detector and a controller,
the fire detector is used for detecting whether a fire disaster occurs in the equipment room and sending a fire alarm signal to the controller when the fire disaster is detected;
the controller is electrically connected with the gas supply unit and the exhaust unit respectively and is used for controlling the gas supply unit to introduce non-combustion and non-combustion gas into the equipment room and controlling the exhaust unit to exhaust the gas in the equipment room when receiving the fire alarm signal.
11. The fire control system of a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant of claim 10, wherein the control assembly further includes a timer,
the timer is used for timing the time of continuously introducing the incombustible non-combustion-supporting gas after the fire is extinguished, obtaining the ventilation time and transmitting the ventilation time to the controller;
the controller is also electrically connected with the timer, is preset with a ventilation time threshold and is used for receiving the ventilation time sent by the timer and comparing the ventilation time with the ventilation time threshold, and when the ventilation time reaches the ventilation time threshold, the controller controls the air supply control valve to be closed.
12. The fire control system of a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant according to claim 10, wherein said controller is further electrically connected to a fire damper on an air inlet duct of said equipment room and is further configured to control the fire damper on the air inlet duct of the equipment room to close upon receipt of a fire alarm signal to stop ventilation into the equipment room.
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