CN114034637B - Device and method for in-situ measurement of icing adhesion - Google Patents
Device and method for in-situ measurement of icing adhesion Download PDFInfo
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- CN114034637B CN114034637B CN202210021760.5A CN202210021760A CN114034637B CN 114034637 B CN114034637 B CN 114034637B CN 202210021760 A CN202210021760 A CN 202210021760A CN 114034637 B CN114034637 B CN 114034637B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000012625 in-situ measurement Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/04—Measuring adhesive force between materials, e.g. of sealing tape, of coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B64F5/00—Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for; Handling, transporting, testing or inspecting aircraft components, not otherwise provided for
- B64F5/60—Testing or inspecting aircraft components or systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
- G01M9/06—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing
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Abstract
The invention is suitable for the technical field of ice formation adhesion measurement on aircraft skin, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring ice formation adhesion in situ, wherein the device comprises a force detection part, the force detection part comprises a supporting beam and a strain gauge, and the strain gauge is adhered to the side surface of the supporting beam; one end of the supporting beam is fixed on the rotating arm; the other end is used for being fixedly connected with a sample to be measured. According to the invention, through the structural design of the measuring device and the principle that the load on the supporting beam is equal to the shearing load on the ice accumulated on the surface of the sample to be measured, the strain value on the supporting beam can be measured to calculate the adhesion force for measuring the ice accumulated on the surface of the sample to be measured. The measuring method can measure the adhesion force of the ice accretion on the surface of the skin of the airplane in situ, and can truly reflect the characteristic of the adhesion force of the ice accretion on the skin when the airplane passes through the icing cloud layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement of icing adhesive force on aircraft skin, in particular to a device and a method for in-situ measurement of icing adhesive force.
Background
When the aircraft flies over the icing cloud layer, the phenomenon that the aircraft skin is iced occurs, and serious hidden danger is generated on the flight safety. In the field of academia and engineering, there are continuously extensive studies on icing phenomena, icing hazards, physical properties of ice, and methods for preventing and removing ice in flight, and among them, the adhesion properties of ice accretion on the surface of skin seriously affect the evaluation of icing hazards, the selection of methods for preventing and removing ice, etc., and are very important research contents. The icing wind tunnel can simulate the icing phenomenon of the airplane when the airplane passes through the icing cloud layer, and is important equipment for researching the problems. The in-situ measurement of the adhesion force of the ice accumulated on the skin of the airplane in the ice growth process in the icing wind tunnel has important significance for evaluating the icing hazard of the airplane and researching the ice prevention and removal technology.
The in-situ measurement of the adhesion force of the accumulated ice on the skin of the airplane in the ice growth process in the icing wind tunnel provided by the invention refers to the measurement of the adhesion force in the ice growth process on a skin sample in the icing wind tunnel, and is characterized in that: (1) The skin and the ice accumulation sample do not need to be manually processed in the measurement; (2) The accumulated ice and the skin do not need to be removed out of the wind tunnel, so that the influence of the external environment on the adhesion force is avoided; (3) The measurement of the adhesion force is completed in the icing process, and the adhesion force characteristic of the icing when the aircraft actually passes through the icing cloud layer is truly reflected; (4) And a manual sample preparation link is not needed, so that the influence of the sample preparation process on the adhesion is avoided.
The adhesion in-situ measurement methods that have been proposed currently have some problems that are difficult to avoid. For example, in patent CN103776763B, the acting surface of the accumulated ice is much smaller than the ice adhering area when the rotating cylinder is pulled, which may cause crushing before ice shearing, thus making it impossible to measure; in patent CN108181233A, it is difficult to avoid the generation of overflow ice on the side surface of the tested piece, which affects the measurement accuracy of the adhesive force, and it is necessary to weigh the mass of the accumulated ice after stopping icing to calculate the centrifugal force, and since the mass of the accumulated ice is changing constantly during the dynamic growth of the accumulated ice, this method cannot measure the adhesive force during the dynamic growth of the accumulated ice.
Therefore, even though the adhesion force measuring device in the icing wind tunnel is available in the prior art, the adhesion force in the icing wind tunnel aircraft skin icing dynamic growth process cannot be measured in situ by the existing device.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for measuring icing adhesion in situ, which can realize in-situ measurement of the dynamic growth of the ice accumulated on the skin of the airplane in an icing wind tunnel.
The device for measuring the icing adhesion in situ comprises two measuring systems, a rotating arm and a driving mechanism, wherein the two measuring systems are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the rotating arm, and the driving mechanism can drive the rotating arm to rotate;
the measuring system comprises a force detection component, wherein the force detection component comprises a supporting beam and a strain gauge, and the strain gauge is adhered to the side surface of the supporting beam;
one end of the supporting beam is fixed on the rotating arm; the other end is used for being fixedly connected with a sample to be measured.
Further, the measuring system further comprises a protective cover, the protective cover surrounds the supporting beam, a gap exists between the upper end face of the protective cover and the surface of the sample to be measured, and the size of the gap is smaller than a gap threshold value.
Further, the gap threshold is a gap size which prevents overflow water on the surface of the sample to be measured from flowing into the gap.
Furthermore, the protective cover is of a revolving body structure and comprises a front edge, a main body and a transmission part, wherein the front edge, the main body and the transmission part are sequentially connected, the end surface of the front edge is flush with the upper surface of the sample to be tested, and the transmission part is arranged on the supporting beam through a bearing.
Furthermore, the measuring system further comprises a protective cover driving device, and the protective cover driving device is connected with the transmission part through a transmission device and drives the protective cover to rotate.
Further, the protective cover is of a streamline structure.
And furthermore, the strain gauge further comprises a data acquisition system and a data processing system, wherein the data acquisition system acquires strain values generated by the bending deformation of the support beam acquired by the strain gauge and transmits the strain values to the data processing system for data processing.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the icing adhesion in situ, which adopts the device for measuring the icing adhesion in situ and comprises the following steps:
s10, fixing a sample to be detected on the supporting beam;
s20, setting a spray angle of a cloud and mist flow field, wherein the spray angle is an included angle between the cloud and mist flow field and the surface of the sample to be detected;
s30, starting a spraying system to enable liquid drops to impact the surface of the sample to be detected and begin to be condensed into ice;
s40, after the ice accumulated on the surface of the sample to be measured increases to a set volume or a set thickness, starting the driving mechanism to enable the rotating arm to drive the measuring system to rotate;
s50, gradually increasing the rotating speed of the driving mechanism until the accumulated ice falls off from the surface of the sample to be detected; simultaneously collecting a strain value 400collected on the strain gauge when accumulated ice falls off from the surface of a sample to be measured;
s60, calculating the icing adhesive force S:
wherein F is the load F, E is the elastic modulus of the supporting beam, A is the ice deposition area of the deposited ice on the surface of the sample to be detected,lw is the bending resistance section coefficient of the support beam, and is the distance from the surface of the sample to be measured to the strain gauge.
Further, when the measuring system includes a protective cover, the step S30 further includes activating a protective cover driving device to rotate the protective cover around the support beam.
Further, when the accumulated ice on any one sample to be measured in the two samples to be measured in the two measuring systems falls off, the rotation of the rotating arm is stopped; and collecting the strain value of the supporting beam under the sample to be detected, which falls off the accumulated ice.
Compared with the prior art, the device and the method for measuring the icing adhesion in situ at least have the following beneficial effects:
(1) The method directly takes the load value on the supporting beam as the load value borne by the accumulated ice on the surface of the sample to be measured, has simple measurement mode, can realize the in-situ measurement of the adhesion force in the ice accretion growth, can truly reflect the adhesion force characteristic of the accumulated ice on the skin when the airplane passes through the icing cloud layer, and provides technical support for the research of the adhesion force characteristic of the accumulated ice on the airplane;
(2) The adhesion force measuring device is provided with two symmetrical measuring systems, so that extra balance weight and sample preparation are not needed, and measuring errors caused by human factors are avoided;
(3) The protective cover is arranged, so that the influence of airflow disturbance on the measurement result is avoided, and the influence of overflow water on the measurement result is also avoided;
(4) The measuring method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple implementation steps and easiness in operation, greatly saves the test time and shortens the test period.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention or in the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for in-situ measurement of ice adhesion in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a detecting unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an installation structure of a support beam and a sample to be tested according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional block diagram of a measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a protective cover according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a driving structure of the protective cover according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the installation direction of a device for in-situ measurement of icing adhesion in an icing wind tunnel according to an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure, 1-a measuring system, 11-a sample to be measured, 12-a force detection part, 121-a supporting beam, 122-a strain gauge, 13-a protective cover, 131-a front edge, 132-a main body, 133-a transmission part, 14-a protective cover driving device, 141-a motor, 142-a transmission device, 143-a mounting seat, 15-a bearing, 2-a rotating arm, 3-a driving mechanism and 4-a cloud field incoming flow direction.
Detailed Description
The following description provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the invention. The particular examples set forth below are intended as a brief description of the invention and are not intended as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a device for measuring icing adhesion in situ, which comprises two measuring systems 1, a rotating arm 2 and a driving mechanism 3, wherein the two measuring systems 1 are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the rotating arm 2, and the driving mechanism 3 can drive the rotating arm 2 to rotate, as shown in fig. 1;
the invention adopts two measuring systems 1 which are symmetrically arranged on a rotating arm 2, in the measurement of the adhesive force, two samples to be measured are simultaneously frozen, when the accumulated ice on one sample to be measured is cut off, the rotation is stopped, and the adhesive force is obtained by calculating the shearing load and the freezing area of the accumulated ice on the sample to be measured. The icing mass of the two samples to be measured is basically the same in the adhesion force measuring process, so that the rotating system can be balanced, and the measuring system does not need to be additionally balanced.
It is worth to be noted that the sample to be measured is generally an aircraft skin, and can also be used for measuring the icing adhesion of wind turbine blades and the like.
As shown in fig. 2, the measuring system 1 includes a force detecting member 12, the force detecting member 12 includes a support beam 121 and a strain gauge 122, and the strain gauge 122 is adhered to a side surface of the support beam 121; one end of the supporting beam 121 is fixed on the rotating arm 2; the other end is used for being fixedly connected with a sample to be measured.
The strain gauge in the invention is an element for measuring strain, which is composed of a sensitive grid and the like, and is a commonly used element for measuring strain, and the principle, structure and arrangement mode of the strain gauge are not described in detail herein. The strain gauge is pasted on the side surface of the supporting beam 121, the strain value of the supporting beam in the measuring process can be measured, the load value borne by the supporting beam can be calculated by adopting the strain value, and the load value is equal to the load value borne by the ice accumulated on the surface of the sample to be measured, so that the shear force borne by the ice accumulated on the surface of the sample can be measured by utilizing the strain gauge, and the adhesion force of the ice accumulated on the surface of the sample can be calculated.
It should be noted that the supporting beam 121 in this embodiment is a cylindrical structure, and the side surface thereof is the surface between the upper and lower surfaces of the cylinder, as shown in fig. 2, in fact, those skilled in the art can understand that the supporting beam 121 may also be other cylindrical structures, and the cylindrical structure in this embodiment of the invention is not limited to the supporting beam structure of the invention.
Regarding the connection manner between the supporting beam 121 and the sample 11 to be measured, one end of the supporting beam connected to the sample to be measured may be a flange structure, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, a threaded hole is formed at the bottom of the sample to be measured, and a flange on the supporting beam is connected to the sample to be measured by a screw or a bolt; certainly, those skilled in the art know that there are many connection relations between the support beam and the sample to be measured, for example, the support beam is not provided with a flange structure, and a section of stud is directly and fixedly installed at the top end of the support beam to connect the sample to be measured and the stud by screw threads; or sticking the two together, etc.
Further, in order to avoid the influence of the overflow water on the measurement result during the measurement, the measurement system 1 of the present embodiment is further provided with a protective cover 13, as shown in fig. 4 to 6.
The protection cover 13 surrounds the supporting beam 121, a gap exists between the upper end surface of the protection cover 13 and the surface of the sample to be detected, the size of the gap is smaller than a gap threshold value, and the gap threshold value is the size of the gap for preventing overflow water on the surface of the sample to be detected from flowing into the gap.
Specifically, the protective cover 13 is a revolving body structure, the protective cover 13 is concentrically arranged with the supporting beam 121, the protective cover 13 includes a front edge 131, a main body 132 and a transmission member 133, the front edge 131, the main body 132 and the transmission member 133 are sequentially connected, an end surface of the front edge 131 is flush with an upper surface of the sample to be measured, and the transmission member 133 is mounted on the supporting beam 121 through a bearing 15.
In the measurement process, the protective cover 13 mainly plays two roles:
(1) Under normal conditions, if the supporting beam is directly placed in the flow field of the spraying system for measurement, certain disturbance force can be generated on the supporting beam due to airflow disturbance of the spraying flow field near the supporting beam, and certain winding force can be generated on the ice accumulated on the surface of the sample to be measured. In order to improve the measurement accuracy, the protective cover is arranged around the supporting beam, so that the influence of airflow disturbance on the supporting beam is avoided, and the strain of the supporting beam measured by the stress sheet is completely generated by the shear load on the ice block. The invention assumes that the shearing force applied to the ice accumulated on the surface of the sample to be measured in the measuring process is derived from the centrifugal force applied to the ice accumulated and the airflow disturbance force applied to the surface of the ice accumulated, and the airflow disturbance force applied to the surface of the ice accumulated is transmitted to the supporting beam, so that the adhesive force applied to the ice accumulated on the surface of the sample to be measured can be measured by measuring the stress value applied to the supporting beam.
Based on this, set up the protection cover and can avoid the influence of air current disturbance to measuring result for measuring result is more accurate.
(2) And because the ice on the surface of the skin in the icing wind tunnel is impact ice, the liquid drops are solidified and iced after impacting the surface of the sample to be detected. Therefore, under certain icing conditions, the phenomenon that liquid drops are iced after overflowing to the side surface of the sample to be measured cannot be avoided, namely, overflowing ice is generated on the side surface of the sample to be measured, and the overflowing ice has harmful influence on adhesion measurement. The protective cover is used for preventing the icing process from generating overflow water on the side surface of the skin sample.
The action principle is as follows: the sample to be measured assembles on a supporting beam in the safety cover, and sample to be measured and safety cover have certain clearance in footpath to the safety cover front edge is at the coplanar with the sample surface to be measured, and this clearance size sets up to make the overflow water on sample surface to be measured can not flow in the clearance size in clearance, thereby the overflow water that produces on sample surface to be measured can not flow in the side of sample to be measured, but flows out from the lateral surface of safety cover, thereby has eliminated the influence of overflow water to sample surface area ice adhesion measurement to be measured.
Meanwhile, the protective cover rotates around the central shaft of the sample to be measured so as to prevent ice accumulation on the front edge of the protective cover from being connected with ice accumulation on the skin sample, and therefore measurement of the surface ice accumulation adhesive force of the sample to be measured is not affected.
Therefore, the measuring system 1 further comprises a protective cover driving device 14, and the protective cover driving device 14 is connected with the transmission component 133 through a transmission device to drive the protective cover 13 to rotate. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4 and 7, the protecting cover driving device 14 is a motor 141, and the transmission device 142 can be a gear set, so that the motor 141 rotates to drive the gear set to rotate, and further drive the protecting cover 13 to rotate.
In this embodiment, the device further comprises a mounting seat 143, and the protective cover driving device 14 is fixedly mounted on the rotating arm 2 through the mounting seat 143.
In order to reduce the influence of the protective cover on the flow field in the spraying system, the protective cover is provided with a streamline structure.
After the stress sheet 122 collects the strain data on the support beam 121, the data is transmitted to a data processing system through the data collecting system for data processing, that is, further calculation of the adhesion force is performed.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for measuring icing adhesion in situ, which adopts the device for measuring icing adhesion in situ of the embodiment 1, and comprises the following steps:
s10, fixing a sample to be detected on the supporting beam 121;
s20, setting a spray angle of a cloud and mist flow field, wherein the spray angle is an included angle between the cloud and mist flow field and the surface of the sample to be detected; as shown in fig. 8, the incoming flow direction 4 of the cloud field may be perpendicular to the surface of the sample to be tested, or a certain angle may be set, and the test process is set according to the target to be tested;
s30, starting a spraying system to enable liquid drops to impact the surface of the sample to be detected and begin to be condensed into ice;
s40, after the ice accumulated on the surface of the sample to be measured increases to a set volume or a set thickness, starting the driving mechanism 3 to enable the rotating arm 2 to drive the measuring system 1 to rotate;
it should be noted that in the measuring method of the present invention, the driving mechanism is started to rotate after the accumulated ice on the surface of the sample to be measured increases to a certain extent, that is, the accumulated ice increases to at least a value that can be used for measuring a normal adhesion force, and if the accumulated ice is too thin, the adhesion force applied to the accumulated ice is too small to drop, and the measurement cannot be completed. The set volume or set thickness described herein can be empirically set by one skilled in the art.
S50, gradually increasing the rotating speed of the driving mechanism 3 until the accumulated ice falls off from the surface of the sample to be detected; meanwhile, when the accumulated ice falls off from the surface of the sample to be tested, a strain value 400collected on the strain gauge 122 is collected;
when the accumulated ice on any one of the two samples to be measured in the two measurement systems 1 falls off, stopping the rotation of the rotating arm 2; and the strain value of the support beam 121 under the sample to be measured, from which the ice accretion falls, is collected.
It is worth to explain that, the strain value on the strain gauge can be collected in real time in the test process, and the strain value at the moment when the ice accretion falls off from the surface of the sample to be measured is taken as the finally collected strain value to be brought into the subsequent calculation process; the strain value at the moment can also be collected at the moment that the accumulated ice falls off from the surface of the sample; how this is done is not a limitation of the present invention.
S60, calculating the icing adhesive force S:
wherein F is the load, E is the elastic modulus of the supporting beam, A is the ice deposition area of the deposited ice on the surface of the sample to be detected,lw is the distance from the surface of the sample to be measured to the strain gauge, and W is the bending-resistant section coefficient of the support beam.
And after the test is finished, closing the spraying system.
Example 3
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 2 in that a protective cover 13 is provided on the measuring apparatus used in the present embodiment.
A method of measuring icing adhesion in situ comprising the steps of:
s10, fixing a sample to be detected on the support beam 121;
s20, setting a spraying angle of a cloud and mist flow field, wherein the spraying angle is an included angle between the cloud and mist flow field and the surface of the sample to be detected; as shown in fig. 8, the cloud flow field 4 may be set to be perpendicular to the surface of the sample to be tested, or may be set at a certain angle, and the test process is set according to the target to be tested;
s30, starting a spraying system to enable liquid drops to impact the surface of the sample to be detected and begin to be condensed into ice; at the same time, the shield driving means 14 is activated to rotate the shield 13 around the support beam 121.
It should be noted that, in this step, there is no restriction on the relationship between the pneumatic spraying system and the starting of the protective cover driving device, and of course, as an optimization, the protective cover driving device is started first, and the spraying system is started after the protective cover rotates stably.
S40, after the ice accumulated on the surface of the sample to be measured increases to a set volume or a set thickness, starting the driving mechanism 3 to enable the rotating arm 2 to drive the measuring system 1 to rotate;
it should be noted that in the measuring method of the present invention, the driving mechanism is started to rotate after the accumulated ice on the surface of the sample to be measured increases to a certain extent, that is, the accumulated ice increases to at least a value that can be used for measuring a normal adhesion force, and if the accumulated ice is too thin, the adhesion force applied to the accumulated ice is too small to drop, and the measurement cannot be completed. The set volume or set thickness described herein can be empirically set by one skilled in the art.
S50, gradually increasing the rotating speed of the driving mechanism 3 until the accumulated ice falls off from the surface of the sample to be detected; simultaneously, collecting a strain value 400collected on the strain gauge 122 when accumulated ice falls off from the surface of a sample to be detected;
when the accumulated ice on any one of the two samples to be measured in the two measurement systems 1 falls off, stopping the rotation of the rotating arm 2; and the strain value of the support beam 121 under the sample to be measured, from which the ice accretion falls, is collected.
S60, calculating the icing adhesive force S:
wherein F is the load, E is the elastic modulus of the supporting beam, A is the ice deposition area of the deposited ice on the surface of the sample to be detected,lw is the bending resistance section coefficient of the support beam, and is the distance from the surface of the sample to be measured to the strain gauge.
After the test is finished, the spraying system is closed.
The above description is intended to be illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, but rather, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The device for in-situ measurement of the icing adhesion is characterized by comprising two measurement systems (1), a rotating arm (2) and a driving mechanism (3), wherein the two measurement systems (1) are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the rotating arm (2), and the driving mechanism (3) can drive the rotating arm (2) to rotate;
the measuring system (1) comprises a force detection part (12), wherein the force detection part (12) comprises a support beam (121) and a strain gauge (122), and the strain gauge (122) is adhered to the side surface of the support beam (121);
one end of the supporting beam (121) is fixed on the rotating arm (2); the other end is used for being fixedly connected with a sample to be measured.
2. An in-situ measurement device for icing adhesion according to claim 1, characterized in that the measurement system (1) further comprises a protective cover (13), the protective cover (13) is arranged around the support beam (121), a gap exists between the upper end surface of the protective cover (13) and the surface of the sample to be measured, and the size of the gap is smaller than a gap threshold value.
3. The device for in-situ measuring the adhesion force of the icing air as claimed in claim 2, wherein the gap threshold is the gap size which ensures that overflow water on the surface of a sample to be measured does not flow into the gap.
4. The device for in-situ measurement of icing adhesion force according to claim 3 is characterized in that the protective cover (13) is of a rotary structure and comprises a front edge (131), a main body (132) and a transmission part (133), wherein the front edge (131), the main body (132) and the transmission part (133) are connected in sequence, the end surface of the front edge (131) is flush with the upper surface of the sample to be measured, and the transmission part (133) is mounted on the supporting beam (121) through a bearing (15).
5. The device for in-situ measurement of icing adhesion force according to claim 4, wherein the measurement system (1) further comprises a protective cover driving device (14), and the protective cover driving device (14) is connected with the transmission component (133) through a transmission device to drive the protective cover (13) to rotate.
6. A device for in situ measurement of ice adhesion as claimed in claim 5 wherein the protective shield (13) is of streamlined construction.
7. An in-situ measurement device for icing adhesion as claimed in any one of claims 1-6 further comprising a data acquisition system and a data processing system, wherein the data acquisition system acquires strain values generated by bending deformation of the support beam (121) acquired by the strain gauge (122) and transmits the strain values to the data processing system for data processing.
8. A method for in situ measurement of ice adhesion using an apparatus for in situ measurement of ice adhesion as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
s10, fixing a sample to be detected on the supporting beam (121);
s20, setting a spray angle of a cloud and mist flow field, wherein the spray angle is an included angle between the cloud and mist flow field and the surface of the sample to be detected;
s30, starting a spraying system to enable liquid drops to impact the surface of the sample to be detected and begin to be condensed into ice;
s40, after the ice accumulated on the surface of the sample to be measured increases to a set volume or a set thickness, starting the driving mechanism (3) to enable the rotating arm (2) to drive the measuring system (1) to rotate;
s50, gradually increasing the rotating speed of the driving mechanism (3) until the accumulated ice falls off from the surface of the sample to be detected; meanwhile, when the accumulated ice falls off from the surface of the sample to be detected, a strain value 400collected on the strain gauge (122) is collected;
s60, calculating the icing adhesive force S:
wherein F is the load, E is the elastic modulus of the supporting beam, A is the ice deposition area of the deposited ice on the surface of the sample to be detected,lw is the bending resistance section coefficient of the support beam, and is the distance from the surface of the sample to be measured to the strain gauge.
9. The method for in situ measurement of icing adhesion force of claim 8, wherein when the measurement system (1) comprises a protective cover (13), the step S30 further comprises activating a protective cover driving device (14) to rotate the protective cover (13) around the support beam (121).
10. A method for in situ measurement of icing adhesion force according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the rotation of the rotating arm (2) is stopped when the ice accretion on any one of the two samples to be measured in the two measuring systems (1) falls off; and collecting the strain value of the supporting beam (121) under the sample to be detected, which falls off the accumulated ice.
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