CN114034611A - Device and method for generating phase-change medium of heat escape micro particulate matters, detection equipment and application - Google Patents
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- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for generating a phase change medium of thermal escape tiny particles, detection equipment and application, and aims to solve the technical problem that the thermal escape tiny particles of combustible materials are difficult to detect at low cost. The invention realizes a three-in-one ingenious water supply mode of taking water from air, storing water in situ and responding to water release by utilizing the super-strong moisture-absorption hydrogel, thereby conveniently utilizing cheap and easily-obtained water as a supersaturated steam generation medium; based on the phase change amplification method, the quantity, the concentration and the escape speed of the heat escape tiny particles in the warning area can be detected by a low-cost method, and then the occurrence and development conditions of the fire condition in the whole process from invisible pre-burning to open fire burning of the combustible can be predicted and known.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fire fighting and disaster reduction, in particular to a device and a method for generating a phase-change medium of thermal escape micro particulate matters, detection equipment and application.
Background
At present, the common method for fire early warning and alarming is to install a smoke sensing probe, an infrared imaging temperature measuring instrument and the like, but the detection methods of the types can play a role only when a fire actually occurs, and the early warning time which can be won is very limited, so that timely and effective treatment is often difficult to achieve, and the great loss of personnel and property can not be avoided. Generally, the natural development course of fire includes invisible preheating section, visible smoke section, violent open fire section and natural extinguishing section. The stage of fire development can be timely ascertained and determined, and the method is expected by people all the time by taking targeted countermeasures, particularly effective detection and early warning are carried out at the front ends of visible smoke and open fire of the fire so as to win earlier precious processing opportunity, so that fire accidents are eliminated in a bud state, and the method is an industry problem which is eagerly solved and cannot be effectively solved all the time for a long time.
After the combustible is heated, the tiny particulate matters can continuously escape from the surface of the combustible, the escape is more violent when the temperature is higher, and when the temperature of the combustible is close to the open flame combustion state, a huge amount of heat escaping tiny particulate matters can be released; if the quantity and the escape speed of the thermal escape tiny particles in the unit space can be accurately measured, the fire occurrence and development conditions of the combustible in the whole process from the combustible section to the open fire section can be deduced.
On the other hand, when fine particles are introduced into the supersaturated vapor due to its instability, the fine particles are condensed into droplets by using the fine particles as condensation nuclei. When the liquid phase components are wrapped on the periphery of the tiny particles, the corresponding phase change of the particle size is amplified, so that phase change particles convenient to observe are formed. Therefore, how to generate the phase change medium, namely the supersaturated steam, quickly at low cost is the first prerequisite for implementing the observation of the thermal escape of the tiny particulate matters.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for generating a phase change medium of thermal escape tiny particulate matters, detection equipment and application, and aims to solve the technical problem that the thermal escape tiny particulate matters of combustible substances are difficult to rapidly detect at low cost.
The most common medium for generating supersaturated steam is water, which is cheap and easy to obtain, but liquid water also has many inconveniences in the aspects of sealing, storage, transportation, use and the like, and the supersaturated steam is difficult to be directly applied to various mobile or portable measuring devices.
The super-strong moisture-absorption hydrogel is a modified composite gel material of a traditional hydrogel material, and combines moisture-absorption macromolecules and hydrophilic macromolecules with good temperature responsiveness by utilizing a molecular interpenetrating mechanism in the composite gel, so that the unique functions of water taking from air, in-situ water storage and response water release are realized. The super-strong moisture-absorption hydrogel can absorb water and liquefy by utilizing the moisture-absorption polymer network. After liquefaction, the water can be partially transferred to the hydrophilic molecular network. The temperature response characteristic of the hydrophilic molecular network enables liquid water contained in the hydrophilic molecular network to be quickly discharged when the temperature exceeds a specific value, so that water is absorbed from the air and is thermally precipitated for use.
Besides heating, the water separation process of the super-absorbent hydrogel can also be realized by illumination, pressurization or salt separation by adding hydrogel.
The normal air contains a large amount of water molecules, the water molecules in the air are absorbed by the super-strong moisture-absorption hydrogel and are fixed in the hydrogel material, when the hydrogel material is heated, or pressed, or illuminated or added with water gel to separate out salt, the water molecules are separated out, and the supersaturated steam can be generated by utilizing the separated water.
The super-strong moisture-absorption hydrogel is exposed in the air, the temperature, the pressure, the light or the salt is separated out by alternately adjusting the temperature, the pressure or the light on the hydrogel material, or the salt is separated out by adding, and the liquid water can be separated out from the moisture-absorption hydrogel. Liquid water is sent into the steam generating device in a timed and quantitative mode, after the liquid water reaches a saturated state, the temperature of the closed cavity is reduced or the pressure of the closed cavity is reduced to generate supersaturated steam, and the heat escaping tiny particles pass through a supersaturated steam medium, so that liquid drops which are easy to observe and take the tiny particles as condensation nuclei can be generated.
Based on this, design a thermal escape tiny particle thing phase change medium and generate device, include:
the steam generating container is provided with a water injection port, a micro particle introducing port and a pressure adjusting interface for adjusting the pressure in the steam generating container;
a gel water supply mechanism for supplying water into the steam generating container through the water filling port;
and the heating or/and refrigerating piece is arranged in the steam generating container and used for realizing the temperature rise or temperature reduction of the steam medium.
The gel water supply mechanism comprises:
the container can adjust temperature, pressure and illumination or/and inject hydrogel to precipitate salt, and is provided with a vent communicated with the outside atmosphere;
the super-strong hygroscopic hydrogel is placed in the containing container, is in controlled contact with air to absorb and store water in the air, and separates out liquid water after changing the temperature, the pressure, the illumination or/and adding the hydrogel into the containing container to separate out salt;
in the using process, the contact between the super-absorbent hydrogel and the air and the temperature, the pressure, the illumination or/and the charging of the salt precipitated from the hydrogel are alternately regulated and controlled, so that the super-absorbent hydrogel repeats the processes of taking water from the air, storing the water in situ and responding to the water release, and the water supply mechanism continuously or intermittently supplies water to the steam generating container.
The heating or/and refrigerating piece is a semiconductor heating or/and refrigerating plate arranged at the bottom of the closed container.
A method for generating a phase-change medium of thermal escape tiny particles is designed, and comprises the following steps:
(1) the super-strong moisture-absorbing hydrogel is contacted with air to absorb water and store water in situ;
(2) changing the temperature, pressure bearing or/and illumination conditions of the super-strong moisture-absorbing hydrogel to separate out water from the super-strong moisture-absorbing hydrogel and evaporate the water to form saturated steam;
(3) and (3) cooling or/and depressurizing the saturated steam in the closed container to form supersaturated steam.
The super-strong moisture-absorbing hydrogel is at least one of modified polyacrylic acid, modified sodium polyacrylate, modified polyacrylamide and modified polyvinyl alcohol.
Designing a thermal escape fine particulate detection apparatus, comprising:
the steam generating container is provided with a water injection port, a micro particle introducing port and a pressure adjusting interface for adjusting the pressure in the closed container;
a water supply mechanism for supplying water into the steam generating container through the water filling port;
the heating or/and refrigerating piece is arranged in the steam generating container and used for realizing the heating or cooling of the steam medium;
and the micro particle counter is used for detecting the number of phase-change micro particles in the steam generating container.
The phase change amplification detection method of the thermal escape tiny particles based on the thermal escape tiny particle detection equipment comprises the following steps:
(1) the water supply mechanism is adjusted alternately, so that the super-strong moisture absorption hydrogel finishes the processes of taking water from air, storing water in situ and responding to releasing water in sequence, and water is supplied to the steam generation container;
(2) the steam generating container is evaporated to form saturated steam after water is obtained;
(3) cooling saturated steam in the steam generating container through the refrigerating piece, or/and reducing pressure of the saturated steam in the closed container to form supersaturated steam;
(4) and introducing a sample to be detected containing the thermal escape micro particles into the steam generation container through the micro particle introducing port, so that the particle size of the thermal escape micro particles is subjected to phase change amplification, and then the quantity and the movement rate of the thermal escape micro particles are measured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the main beneficial technical effects that:
1. the invention utilizes the super-strong moisture-absorption hydrogel to realize a three-in-one ingenious water supply mode of air water taking, in-situ water storage and response water release, thereby conveniently utilizing cheap and easily available water as a supersaturated steam generation medium.
2. Based on the phase change amplification method, the quantity and the movement rate of phase change micro particles (liquid drops) can be detected at low cost, namely the quantity and the escape speed of heat escape micro particles in a unit space are obtained, and further the occurrence and development conditions of the fire in the whole process from invisible pre-burning to open fire burning of combustible materials can be obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of the thermal runaway particle detector in the embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a steam generating container, 2 is a fine particulate matter introducing port, 3 is a pressure regulating port, 4 is a high and low temperature plate, 5 is a water injecting port, 6 is an air vent, 7 is a water supplying mechanism, 8 is a pressure regulating port, 9 is super-strong hygroscopic hydrogel, and 10 is a laser air fine particulate matter counter.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.
The equipment referred to in the following examples is, unless otherwise specified, conventional commercially available equipment; the detection, measurement, test methods and the like are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Example 1: a thermal escape fine particle detecting apparatus, see fig. 1, comprising:
a steam generating vessel 1 provided with a water injection port 5, a fine particulate matter introduction port, and a pressure adjusting port 3 for adjusting the pressure in the steam generating vessel;
a water supply mechanism for supplying water into the steam generating container through the water filling port; the water supply mechanism includes: a container which is provided with a pressure regulating port 8 capable of regulating the internal pressure and is provided with a vent 6 communicated with the outside atmosphere; super absorbent hydrogel (modified polyacrylamide such as polyacrylamide cross-linked with dialdehyde) 9, placed in the container, and controllably contacted with air to absorb and store water in the air, and separate out liquid water after changing the pressure in the container;
a high-low temperature plate (such as a semiconductor refrigeration plate, which can refrigerate and heat) 4 arranged in the steam generation container and used for realizing the temperature rise or temperature reduction of the steam medium;
and the laser air micro-particle counter 10 is used for detecting the number of phase-change micro-particles in the steam generation container.
A common low-cost medium for supersaturated steam generated by a thermal escape fine particle detection device is steam, and liquid water is required when the device works. The super-strong moisture-absorption hydrogel water supply mechanism can complete the functions of taking water from air, storing water in situ and responding to water release, and can realize the functions of absorbing gaseous moisture in air, converting the gaseous moisture into liquid water and supplying the liquid water to the steam generation container. When the measurement is started, quantitative liquid water is injected into the evaporation container, the water is evaporated in the steam generator and forms saturated steam, and after the water reaches an equilibrium state, the temperature in the steam generator is reduced or the pressure in the steam generator is reduced so as to generate supersaturated steam.
Example 2: phase change amplification detection method for thermal escape tiny particulate matters based on detection equipment in embodiment 1
Air in a fire hazard warning area is sucked, air samples (containing heat escape tiny particles) are quantitatively injected into a steam generation container filled with supersaturated steam, the supersaturated steam can form fog drops by taking the heat escape tiny particles as condensation nuclei, phase change amplification is generated, a laser air tiny particle counter emits laser with a certain wavelength to pass through the steam generation container, the laser attenuation rate is in direct proportion to the concentration of the heat escape tiny particles, and the laser attenuation rate is calibrated to obtain the accurate concentration of the heat escape tiny particles in the air.
The concentration of the thermal escape tiny particles in the measured environment under the normal condition is taken as a background value, when the concentration of the measured thermal escape tiny particles reaches more than 3 times of the background value, the thermal decomposition process of combustible materials in the environment is shown, and when the concentration is more than 5 times of the background value, the potential open fire is possible; when the concentration is more than 10 times greater than the background value, the object approaches the strong decomposition process, indicating that it is already very close to the vigorous combustion process.
The 3 times, 5 times, and 10 times of the background value are empirical values obtained by a large number of practices to judge the degree of fire development, and do not represent all materials and all environments. In the actual engineering implementation process, after the detection equipment is installed, the parameters need to be readjusted according to the field condition so as to achieve a good use effect.
Application example 1: the application of the cotton warehouse verifies that the cotton is easy to smolder due to the characteristics of the cotton, the cotton is extremely fast in fire passing speed, and the smolder is easy to be changed into violent combustion or even explosion. Stably stored cotton requires both humidity and ventilation of the storage environment.
A safety test area is opened up in a cotton storage area, and the number of background tiny particles in the normal and stable environment is basically 10 ten thousand/cm measured by the detection method of the embodiment 23Hereinafter, when cotton smoldering occurs, the amount of thermally escaping micro-particles quickly rises to 70 ten thousand/cm3The above; the extremely small amount of cotton which is close to the open fire burning can escape 900 ten thousand per cm3The above quantities.
Application example 2: application verification in a power distribution room
The cable is decomposed from the insulation to the insulation layer material, the passing current, the heat dissipation condition and the accumulated heating time are related. The number of background micro particles measured by a thermal escape micro particle detection device of a cable working below rated current is basically 3 ten thousand/cm3Below, 1.5 mm at 25 ℃ ambient temperature2In a single-core national standard cable, when the current is overloaded by 1.2 times, the number of thermal escape micro particles can reach 50 ten thousand/cm3The above; when the current is overloaded by 1.5 times, the cable wire sleeve becomes soft but does not catch fire, and the quantity of heat escape tiny particles can reach 200 ten thousand/cm3The above. When the current is further increased and the cable insulation begins to turn black, the quantity of heat escape tiny particles can reach 700 ten thousand/cm3Above level.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in the specific parameters and/or equivalent substitutions of related steps and methods may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, so as to form a plurality of specific embodiments, which are common variations of the present invention and will not be described in detail herein.
Claims (9)
1. A thermal escape particulate matter phase change medium generation device, comprising:
the steam generating container is provided with a water injection port, a micro particle introducing port and a pressure adjusting interface for adjusting the pressure in the closed container;
a gel water supply mechanism for supplying water into the steam generating container through the water filling port;
and the heating or/and refrigerating piece is arranged in the steam generating container and used for realizing the temperature rise or temperature reduction of the steam medium.
2. A thermal escape particulate phase change medium generating device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said gel water supply mechanism comprises:
the container can adjust temperature, pressure and illumination or/and inject hydrogel to precipitate salt, and is provided with a vent communicated with the outside atmosphere;
the super-strong hygroscopic hydrogel is placed in the containing container, is in controlled contact with air to absorb and store water in the air, and separates out liquid water after changing the temperature, the pressure, the illumination or/and adding the hydrogel into the containing container to separate out salt;
when the device works, the contact between the super-absorbent hydrogel and air and the temperature, pressure, illumination or/and salt precipitation and injection of the hydrogel are alternately regulated and controlled, so that the super-absorbent hydrogel repeats the processes of taking water from air, storing water in situ and responding to water release, and the water supply mechanism continuously or intermittently supplies water to the steam generating container.
3. A thermal escape small particulate matter phase change medium generation device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said heating or/and cooling member is a semiconductor heating or/and cooling plate disposed at the bottom of the closed container.
4. The device for generating the phase-change medium with thermal escape of tiny particulate matters as claimed in claim 1, wherein said super-absorbent hydrogel is at least one of modified polyacrylic acid, modified sodium polyacrylate, modified polyacrylamide and modified polyvinyl alcohol.
5. A method for generating a phase-change medium of thermal escape tiny particles is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the super-strong moisture-absorbing hydrogel is contacted with air to absorb water and store water in situ;
(2) separating out water from the super-strong moisture-absorbing hydrogel by changing the temperature, the pressure or/and the illumination conditions of the super-strong moisture-absorbing hydrogel, and evaporating to form saturated steam;
(3) and (3) cooling or/and depressurizing the saturated steam in the closed container to form supersaturated steam.
6. The method for generating the phase-change medium with thermal escape tiny particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), said super-absorbent hydrogel is at least one of modified polyacrylic acid, modified sodium polyacrylate, modified polyacrylamide and modified polyvinyl alcohol.
7. A thermal escape fine particle detection apparatus comprising the thermal escape fine particle phase change medium generation device as claimed in claim 1 and a fine particle counter for detecting the number of phase change fine particles in said vapor generation vessel.
8. A phase change amplification detection method for thermal escape tiny particles, which is implemented based on the thermal escape tiny particle detection device of claim 7, and comprises the following steps:
(1) the gel water supply mechanism is adjusted alternately, so that the super-strong moisture absorption hydrogel finishes the processes of taking water from air, storing water in situ and responding to releasing water in sequence, and water is supplied to the steam generating container;
(2) the steam generating container is evaporated to form saturated steam after water is obtained;
(3) cooling saturated steam in the steam generating container through the refrigerating piece, or/and reducing pressure of the saturated steam in the steam generating container to form supersaturated steam;
(4) and introducing a sample to be detected containing the thermal escape micro particles into the steam generation container through the micro particle introducing port, so that the particle size of the thermal escape micro particles is subjected to phase change amplification, and then the quantity and the movement rate of the thermal escape micro particles are measured.
9. The phase change amplification detection method for thermal escape tiny particles as claimed in claim 8, wherein said super-absorbent hydrogel is at least one of modified polyacrylic acid, modified sodium polyacrylate, modified polyacrylamide, and modified polyvinyl alcohol.
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2021
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