CN114033413B - Ultrasonic-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive nozzle and heading machine - Google Patents
Ultrasonic-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive nozzle and heading machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN114033413B CN114033413B CN202111318219.2A CN202111318219A CN114033413B CN 114033413 B CN114033413 B CN 114033413B CN 202111318219 A CN202111318219 A CN 202111318219A CN 114033413 B CN114033413 B CN 114033413B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 23
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/1066—Making by using boring or cutting machines with fluid jets
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an ultrasonic-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive nozzle and a heading machine, wherein the ultrasonic-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive nozzle comprises an outer shell (1) and an ultrasonic vibrator (6), the outer shell (1) internally comprises a main channel (11) and a side channel (12), the main channel (11) penetrates through the outer shell (1), one end of the main channel (11) is a first medium inlet, the other end of the main channel (11) is a mixed outlet, the outer part of the outer shell (1) is communicated with the main channel (11) through the side channel (12), the ultrasonic vibrator (6) can emit ultrasonic waves into the main channel (11), and the emitting direction of the ultrasonic vibrator (6) faces the other end of the main channel (11). The ultrasonic-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive nozzle solves the problems that the efficiency of rock breaking is low, the impact speed is low and the like when only the high-pressure water jet nozzle is carried.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tunnel construction equipment, in particular to an ultrasonic-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive nozzle, and also relates to a heading machine containing the ultrasonic-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive nozzle.
Background
At present, the multi-mining full-face heading machine in China is suitable for medium hard rock to hard rock, a motor or a hydraulic motor drives a cutter head to rotate under the action of the propelling pressure of a propelling oil cylinder, broken rock is cut and pressed, and the broken rock is discharged onto a conveying belt from a bucket. In the tunneling and rock breaking process, friction force is generated by interaction between the hob and the rock, continuous tunneling construction is carried out for a long time, ventilation of a construction site is poor, heat accumulated by friction between the hob and the rock cannot be effectively dissipated, the temperature of the hob is too high, the abrasion speed of the hob is accelerated, the service life is shortened, the hob replacement frequency is increased, the proportion of the cutter cost to the total cost is improved, the hob replacement process of workers is complex, the consumed time is long, and adverse effects such as construction period lag are easily caused.
Although the research theory of the rock breaking is assisted by high-pressure water and then spraying the water through a spraying device with a small aperture to form a high-speed water flow, and stretching and cracking rock cracks to form new rock fragments through the erosion and cracking actions of the high-pressure water jet, the research on the rock breaking mechanism of the high-pressure water jet is relatively deficient, the complex variability of the rock breaking process restricts the further development of the high-pressure water jet rock breaking technology, and the high-pressure water jet rock breaking technology cannot achieve an ideal effect in the practical application process due to various limiting factors.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve tunneling efficiency, the invention provides an ultrasonic-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive nozzle and a tunneling machine, and the ultrasonic-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive nozzle solves the problems of low efficiency, low impact speed and the like of rock breaking by only carrying the high-pressure water jet nozzle.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
The utility model provides an auxiliary high pressure water jet mixed abrasive material shower nozzle of ultrasonic wave, includes shell body and ultrasonic vibrator, contains main passageway and side channel in the shell body, and main passageway runs through the shell body, and main passageway's one end is first medium entry, and main passageway's the other end is mixed export, and the outside of shell body passes through side channel and main passageway intercommunication, and ultrasonic vibrator can be to main passageway internal emission ultrasonic wave, ultrasonic vibrator's emission direction orientation the other end of main passageway.
The development machine comprises a cutterhead, wherein the cutterhead is provided with the ultrasonic-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive nozzle, one end of a main channel is connected with an abrasive feeding tank through an abrasive conveying pipeline, and a side channel is connected with a high-pressure water generator through a high-pressure water pipeline.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. an ultrasonic vibrator is arranged on the side surface or inside the spray head body, an amplitude transformer of the ultrasonic vibrator and a water wave reinforcing cover are arranged in the high-pressure cavity, ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic vibrator enable high-speed abrasive jet flow to have pulse impact energy through the amplitude transformer and the water wave reinforcing cover, and the rock breaking effect is further enhanced on the basis of original jet flow rock breaking.
2. When the ultrasonic vibrator is located the side of the shower nozzle body, the ultrasonic vibrator passes through flange and shower nozzle body coupling, location and installation are simple and be convenient for maintain, and piezoceramics is outside the shower nozzle body, but visual inspection piezoceramics state, and the convenience electric wire inserts and need not to consider extra sealed problem.
3. When the ultrasonic vibrator is positioned in the spray head body, the built-in ultrasonic vibrator can be pre-installed on the annular structure at the bottom of the abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle pressing head, the positioning and the installation of the ultrasonic vibrator can be completed along with the assembly of the abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle pressing head and the spray head body, an additional installation channel is not required to be added in the spray head body, the difficulty of production and installation is reduced, and the maintenance is convenient.
4. The key components such as the abrasive material input wear-resistant nozzle, the mixed jet wear-resistant guide pipe and the like are facilitated to adopt high wear-resistant materials such as tungsten carbide, artificial diamond, silicon carbide and the like with poor manufacturability, and the service life is long.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an ultrasonic-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive jet head according to the present invention in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an ultrasonic transducer in example 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the outer case in embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of an abrasive input wear tip indenter in example 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of an abrasive input wear tip in example 1.
Fig. 6 is a top view of an abrasive tip positioning centering and retaining ring in example 1.
Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction A-A in fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken along the direction B-B in fig. 6.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a mixed jet wear conduit in example 1.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view showing the working state of the ultrasonic-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive jet head according to the present invention in example 1.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of an ultrasonic-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive jet head according to the present invention in example 2.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram showing correspondence between ultrasonic transducers and communication gaps in example 2.
Fig. 13 is a schematic view of an abrasive input wear tip indenter and an abrasive input wear tip in example 3.
FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the outlet portion of the abrasive delivery nozzle in example 3.
1. An outer housing; 2. inputting an abrasive into a wear-resistant nozzle pressing head; 3. inputting abrasive into a wear-resistant nozzle; 4. positioning and righting the baffle ring by the abrasive nozzle; 5. a seal ring; 6. an ultrasonic vibrator; 7. a mixed jet wear resistant conduit; 8. the guide pipe compresses the spiral retainer ring; 9. a high pressure water input connector;
11. a main channel; 12. a side channel; 13. a mounting channel; 14. an annular cavity;
21. an outer connecting section of the pressure head; 22. an outer large-diameter section of the pressure head; 23. a connecting section in the pressure head; 24. a small diameter section in the pressure head;
31. a large diameter section outside the wear-resistant nozzle; 32. an outer conical transition section of the wear-resistant nozzle; 33. an outer small diameter section of the wear-resistant nozzle;
41. An inner ring body; 42. an outer baffle; 43. a communication gap;
61. a piezoelectric ceramic transducer; 62. a mounting flange; 63. a horn; 64. a water wave reinforcing cover;
71. A conical surface section;
111. A first inner major diameter section; 112. a second inner major diameter section; 113. an inner connecting section; 114. a first inner minor diameter section; 115. a second inner minor diameter section; 116. an inner conical transition section.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
Example 1
The utility model provides an ultrasonic wave-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive material shower nozzle, includes shell body 1 and ultrasonic vibrator 6, contains main passageway 11 and side channel 12 in the shell body 1, and main passageway 11 runs through shell body 1, and the one end of main passageway 11 is first medium entry, and the other end of main passageway 11 is the mixing outlet, and the outside of shell body 1 communicates with main passageway 11 through side channel 12, and ultrasonic vibrator 6 can be to main passageway 11 internal emission ultrasonic wave, and ultrasonic vibrator 6's emission direction orientation is towards the other end of main passageway 11, as shown in figure 1.
In this embodiment, the main channel 11 is in an upright state, the side channel 12 is in a horizontal state, the main channel 11 penetrates through the upper end and the lower end of the outer casing 1, the upper end of the main channel 11 is a first medium inlet of the outer casing 1, the lower end of the main channel 11 is a mixing outlet of the outer casing 1, the outer end of the side channel 12 is a second medium inlet of the outer casing 1, and the inner end of the side channel 12 is communicated with the main channel 11.
In this embodiment, the outer casing 1 further includes a mounting channel 13, the mounting channel 13 is in an inclined state, the mounting channel 13 is used for mounting the ultrasonic vibrator 6, the inner end of the mounting channel 13 is communicated with the main channel 11, the outer end of the mounting channel 13 forms a mounting platform, the ultrasonic vibrator 6 includes a piezoelectric ceramic transducer 61, an amplitude transformer 63 and a water wave enhancing cover 64 which are sequentially connected, the axis of the ultrasonic vibrator 6 is inclined relative to the axis of the main channel 11, the amplitude transformer 63 is located in the mounting channel 13, and the piezoelectric ceramic transducer 61 is located outside the outer casing 1, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.
In this embodiment, a part of the ultrasonic vibrator 6 is inserted into the mounting channel 13, the piezoelectric ceramic transducer 61 is fixed to the outer casing 1 by the mounting flange 62 in a sealing connection manner, the water wave enhancing cover 64 is located at the connection position between the main channel 11 and the mounting channel 13, the cross section of the water wave enhancing cover 64 is arc-shaped, the arc-shaped opening faces the mixing outlet, and the transmitting direction of the ultrasonic vibrator 6 intersects with the axis of the main channel 11. The power of the ultrasonic vibrator 6 can be obtained by a limited number of experiments.
In this embodiment, along the direction from the upper end of the main channel 11 to the lower end of the main channel 11, the inner surface of the main channel 11 includes a first inner large diameter section 111, a second inner large diameter section 112, an inner connecting section 113, a first inner small diameter section 114 and a second inner small diameter section 115 which are sequentially arranged, the inner diameter of the first inner large diameter section 111 is larger than the inner diameter of the second inner large diameter section 112, the inner diameter of the inner connecting section 113 is smaller than the inner diameter of the first inner small diameter section 114, the inner diameter of the first inner small diameter section 114 is smaller than the inner diameter of the second inner small diameter section 115, and both the first inner large diameter section 111 and the second inner small diameter section 115 are female thread sections, as shown in fig. 3. The first inner large diameter section 111 is used for installing a fixed abrasive material input wear-resistant nozzle pressing head 2, and the second inner small diameter section 115 is used for installing a fixed conduit pressing screw retainer ring 8.
In this embodiment, the main channel 11 is sleeved with an abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle 3 and an abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle pressing head 2 which are connected internally and externally (may also be called as lower-upper connection), an annular cavity 14 is formed between the outer surface of the abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle 3 and the inner surface of the main channel 11, the abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle pressing head 2 is fixedly connected with the outer shell 1 in a sealing manner, and abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle 3 and abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle pressing head 2 are both provided with mutually communicated abrasive inlet channels (the used abrasives can be dry abrasives or abrasive mixed liquid), as shown in fig. 4 and 5. The lower end of the abrasive input wear tip 3 is lower than the water wave reinforcement cap 64, i.e., the outlet end of the abrasive input wear tip 3 is located between the other end of the main channel 11 and the water wave reinforcement cap 64.
In this embodiment, the outer surface of the abrasive material input wear-resistant nozzle pressing head 2 comprises a pressing head outer connecting section 21, a pressing head outer large-diameter section 22, a pressing head inner connecting section 23 and a pressing head inner small-diameter section 24 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the pressing head outer large-diameter section 22 is positioned outside the outer shell 1, the pressing head outer large-diameter section 22 is in sealing connection with the outer shell 1, the pressing head inner connecting section 23 is positioned in the outer shell 1, the pressing head inner connecting section 23 is in threaded connection with the first inner large-diameter section 111, and the pressing head inner small-diameter section 24 is in sealing connection with the second inner large-diameter section 112. Wherein, sealing connection is realized through setting up seal groove and sealing washer 5.
In this embodiment, the upper end of the abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle 3 is inserted into the lower end of the abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle pressing head 2, the axis of the abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle 3, the axis of the abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle pressing head 2 and the axis of the outer shell 1 are coincident, and the outer surface of the abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle 3 comprises a wear-resistant nozzle outer large diameter section 31, a wear-resistant nozzle outer conical transition section 32 and a wear-resistant nozzle outer small diameter section 33 which are sequentially arranged along the direction from the upper end of the abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle 3 to the lower end of the abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle 3, as shown in fig. 5.
In this embodiment, the outer small diameter section 33 of the abrasive tip is located in the inner connecting section 113, an annular channel is formed between the outer small diameter section 33 of the abrasive tip and the inner connecting section 113, in order to ensure that the position of the abrasive tip 3 in the outer casing 1 is stable, and that the axis of the abrasive tip 3 coincides with the axis of the outer casing 1, an abrasive tip positioning and centering baffle ring 4 is sleeved between the outer surface of the abrasive tip 3 and the inner surface of the main channel 11, and the abrasive tip positioning and centering baffle ring 4 contains a communication gap 43, that is, the abrasive tip 3 is connected with the outer casing 1 through the abrasive tip positioning and centering baffle ring 4.
In this embodiment, an inner cone-shaped transition section 116 is disposed between the second inner large-diameter section 112 and the inner connecting section 113, the abrasive nozzle positioning and centering baffle ring 4 includes an inner ring body 41 and an outer baffle piece 42 which are connected inside and outside, a plurality of outer baffle pieces 42 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the inner ring body 41, a communication gap 43 is located between two adjacent outer baffle pieces 42, the inner ring body 41 is in matched and abutting connection with the wear-resistant nozzle outer cone-shaped transition section 32, and the outer baffle piece 42 is in matched and abutting connection with the inner cone-shaped transition section 116, as shown in fig. 1, 6, 7 and 8.
The pretightening force of the abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle 3 is transmitted to the outer shell 1, so that the shape and position relationship of the abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle 3 and the outer shell 1 is not influenced by high-pressure water and vibration. Preferably, the taper of the wear tip outer tapered transition section 32 is less than the taper of the inner tapered transition section 116 to ensure a mating relationship between the abrasive input wear tip 3, the outer housing 1, and the abrasive tip positioning and centering stop ring 4.
In this embodiment, the side channel 12 is connected with the high-pressure water input connector 9, the high-pressure water input connector 9 is in threaded connection with the side channel 12, the first inner small diameter section 114 is internally sleeved with the mixed jet wear-resistant conduit 7 in a matching manner, the second inner small diameter section 115 is internally sleeved with the conduit compression screw retainer 8, the conduit compression screw retainer 8 is in threaded connection with the second inner small diameter section 115, the conduit compression screw retainer 8 can lock the mixed jet wear-resistant conduit 7, and the inner diameter of the conduit compression screw retainer 8 and the inner diameter of the mixed jet wear-resistant conduit 7 can be the same, as shown in fig. 9.
The inner surface of the mixed jet wear-resistant guide pipe 7 is provided with a conical surface section 71 and an equal diameter section 72 which are connected in sequence, the bottom end of the conical surface section 71 faces the abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle 3, the inner diameter of the bottom end of the conical surface section 71 is larger than the outer diameter of the outlet end of the abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle 3, and the inner diameter of the top end of the conical surface section 71 is smaller than the outer diameter of the outlet end of the abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle 3. The inner surface of the conduit compression screw collar 8 and the inner surface of the mixed jet wear-resistant conduit 7 may be provided with spiral guide grooves to facilitate fluid mixing.
In this embodiment, the upper end (inlet end) of the abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle pressing head 2 is the first medium inlet (abrasive inlet or injected medium inlet) of the ultrasonic-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive nozzle, the outer end (inlet end) of the high-pressure water input joint 9 is the second medium inlet (high-pressure water inlet or injected medium inlet) of the ultrasonic-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive nozzle, and the lower end (outlet end) of the conduit pressing screw retaining ring 8 is the mixing outlet of the ultrasonic-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive nozzle. Both the side channel 12 and the mounting channel 13 are connected to a second inner large diameter section 112.
The development machine comprises a cutterhead, wherein the cutterhead is provided with the ultrasonic-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive nozzle, one end of a main channel 11 is connected with an abrasive feeding tank through an abrasive conveying pipeline, and a side channel 12 is connected with a high-pressure water generator through a high-pressure water pipeline. As shown in fig. 1, the upper end of the main channel 11 is a first medium inlet (may also be referred to as an injected medium inlet) of the outer casing 1, the lower end of the main channel 11 is a mixing outlet of the outer casing 1, and the outer end of the side channel 12 is a second medium inlet (may also be referred to as an injected medium inlet) of the outer casing 1.
The working process of the ultrasonic-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive nozzle is described below.
The upper end of the abrasive input wear-resisting mouth pressing head 2 is connected with an abrasive supply tank through an abrasive conveying pipeline, the outer end of the high-pressure water input joint 9 is connected with a high-pressure water generator through a high-pressure water pipeline, the ultrasonic vibrator 6 is fixed on the side face of the outer shell 1 through a mounting flange 62, the piezoelectric ceramic transducer 61 is arranged outside the outer shell 1 and does not contact with a high-pressure environment, and the amplitude transformer 63 and the water wave reinforcing cover 64 are positioned in a high-pressure cavity.
The high-pressure water enters the annular cavity 14 of the outer shell 1 through the high-pressure water input joint 9; the ultrasonic vibrator 6 generates controllable ultrasonic vibration, ultrasonic vibration energy is converted into high-pressure water through the amplitude transformer 63 and the water wave reinforcing cover 64, meanwhile, the high-pressure water passes through an annular gap between the abrasive input abrasion nozzle 3 and the outer shell 1, the high-pressure P0 (the pressure in the high-pressure water generator) is converted into annular high-speed pulse jet water which surrounds the abrasive input abrasion nozzle 3, and meanwhile, low pressure or negative pressure P3 is generated at the outlet of the abrasive input abrasion nozzle 3 due to venturi action; p3 is less than P0, P1 (the pressure within the abrasive supply tank) and the ultrasonic assisted high pressure water jet mixed abrasive jet head is immersed at ambient pressure (e.g., atmospheric pressure in the atmosphere, mud pressure in the mud).
Under the pressure combined pushing of P3+P1 and the like, the abrasive in the abrasive feeding tank is carried by air or liquid and is sprayed out from the abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle 3, the abrasive is fed into the middle of annular high-speed pulse jet water, the pulse high-speed jet water wraps the abrasive and is sprayed out in the same direction and enters the mixed jet wear-resistant conduit 7 together, and the pulse high-speed jet and the abrasive are further mixed and accelerated in the mixed jet wear-resistant conduit 7 to form pulse abrasive jet to be sprayed onto a workpiece or a rock surface for cutting and breaking, as shown in figure 10.
The advantages of this embodiment are:
1. the abrasive is added from the top interface of the outer shell 1, the abrasive spraying direction and the jet flow are sprayed in the same direction, the abrasive is added in the center of the high-speed jet flow, and the abrasive is wrapped and accelerated by the high-speed jet flow. Compared with the side feeding, the accelerating capacity is stronger, and the high-speed jet mixing is more uniform.
2. The side face of the spray head body is provided with a mounting platform, the amplitude transformer and the water wave reinforcing cover of the ultrasonic vibrator 6 are arranged in the high-pressure cavity, ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic vibrator 6 enable high-speed abrasive jet flow to have pulse impact energy through the amplitude transformer and the water wave reinforcing cover, and the rock breaking effect is further enhanced on the basis of original jet flow rock breaking.
3. The ultrasonic vibrator is connected with the spray head body through the flange, the positioning and the installation are simple, the maintenance is convenient, the piezoelectric ceramics are outside the spray head body, the state of the piezoelectric ceramics can be visually checked, the electric wire access is convenient, and the extra sealing problem is not needed to be considered.
4. The key components such as the abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle 3, the mixed jet wear-resistant conduit 7 and the like are made of tungsten carbide, artificial diamond, silicon carbide and other high wear-resistant materials with poor manufacturability, so that the service life can be prolonged.
The disadvantages of this embodiment are:
1. The high-pressure water is connected into the spray head body from the side edge, there is a 90 ° turn; the grinding nozzle positioning and centering baffle ring 4 and the built-in ultrasonic vibrator cause a plurality of runner turns, and the local pressure loss is increased. However, because the section is high-pressure low-speed liquid flow, the pressure loss is not increased greatly.
2. The generated ultrasonic mixed jet can impact the spray head, is unfavorable for the overall durability of the spray head, and has high requirements on the abrasion resistance and impact resistance of materials.
For ease of understanding and description, the present invention is described using absolute positional relationships, where the azimuth term "upper" indicates the upper direction in fig. 1 and the azimuth term "lower" indicates the lower direction in fig. 1 unless otherwise specified. The invention is described using the reader's perspective view, but the above directional terms are not to be interpreted or interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 2
This embodiment is a modification of embodiment 1, and the main difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that,
The ultrasonic-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive nozzle comprises a plurality of ultrasonic vibrators 6, the ultrasonic vibrators 6 are all positioned in an annular cavity 14, the ultrasonic vibrators 6 are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular cavity 14, the ultrasonic vibrators 6 are fixedly connected with an abrasive input abrasion nozzle pressure head 2, the ultrasonic vibrators 6 comprise piezoelectric ceramic transducers 61, amplitude transformers 63 and a water wave reinforcing cover 64 which are sequentially connected, the section of the water wave reinforcing cover 64 is arc-shaped, and the arc-shaped opening faces the mixing outlet; along the axial direction of the outer case 1, the ultrasonic vibrators 6 are in one-to-one correspondence with the communication gaps 43, and the side passages 12 are located between two adjacent ultrasonic vibrators 6, as shown in fig. 11 and 12.
Specifically, four ultrasonic vibrators 6 are uniformly distributed and installed on the annular bottom surface of the abrasive material input wear-resistant nozzle pressing head 2, and electric wires 65 are led out from wire holes preset in the abrasive material input wear-resistant nozzle pressing head 2. The diameter of the first inner large diameter section 111 is the same as the diameter of the second inner large diameter section 112, and the diameter of the ram inner connecting section 23 is the same as the diameter of the ram inner small diameter section 24. Screw holes are uniformly distributed on the upper end surface of the outer shell 1 and can be used for installing an abrasive material input wear-resistant nozzle pressing head 2, and the installation mode adopts high-strength bolts for pressing.
The ultrasonic vibrator 6 is fixed on a vibrator mounting plate 66, the vibrator mounting plate 66 is mounted on the lower end face of the grinding material input abrasion-resistant nozzle pressing head 2, and the ultrasonic vibrator 6 is fixed on the vibrator mounting plate 66, preferably in a bolt connection mode. The vibrator mounting plate 66 is preferably connected with the lower end face of the abrasive material input wear-resistant nozzle pressing head 2 by bolts. Along the axis direction of the outer shell 1, the ultrasonic vibrators 6 are in one-to-one correspondence with the communicating gaps 43, so that longitudinal pulse waves emitted by the ultrasonic vibrators 6 can pass through the communicating gaps 43, interference loss of pulse energy is avoided, the side channels 12 are located between two adjacent ultrasonic vibrators 6, and high-pressure water can be prevented from directly impacting the ultrasonic vibrators 6 at the same time.
The advantages of this embodiment are:
1. The abrasive is added from the interface at the top of the nozzle body, the abrasive and the jet flow are ejected in the same direction, the abrasive is added in the center of the high-speed jet flow, and the abrasive is wrapped and accelerated by the high-speed jet flow. Compared with the side addition, the accelerating capacity is stronger, and the high-speed jet is mixed more uniformly.
2. 4 Ultrasonic vibrators are uniformly arranged in the high-pressure cavity of the spray head, ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic vibrators arranged in the spray head can enable the high-speed abrasive jet flow to have pulse impact energy, and the rock breaking effect is further enhanced on the basis of original jet flow rock breaking.
3. The built-in ultrasonic vibrator can be pre-installed on the annular structure at the bottom of the abrasive material input abrasion-resistant nozzle pressing head, and can be positioned and installed along with the assembly of the abrasive material input abrasion-resistant nozzle pressing head and the nozzle body, so that an additional installation channel is not required to be added on the nozzle body, the difficulty of production and installation is reduced, and the maintenance is convenient;
4. the piezoelectric ceramic transducer is immersed in high-pressure water, so that the heat dissipation of the transducer is facilitated.
5. The method is favorable for key components such as an abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle, a mixed jet wear-resistant conduit and the like to adopt high wear-resistant materials such as tungsten carbide, artificial diamond, silicon carbide and the like with poor manufacturability.
The disadvantages of this embodiment are:
1. The high-pressure water is connected into the spray head body from the side edge, there is a 90 ° turn; the grinding material nozzle positioning baffle ring and the built-in ultrasonic vibrator cause a plurality of runner turns, and the local pressure loss is increased. However, because the section is high-pressure low-speed liquid flow, the pressure loss is not increased greatly.
2. The generated ultrasonic mixed jet can impact the spray head, is unfavorable for the overall durability of the spray head, and has high requirements on the abrasion resistance and impact resistance of materials.
The other technical features of this embodiment may be the same as those of embodiment 1, and for the sake of economy, this embodiment will not be described in detail.
Example 3
This embodiment is a modification of embodiment 1, and the main difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that,
The abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle pressing head 2 and the abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle 3 are of an integrated structure, and can be integrated into the integrated abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle 3. The material of the abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle pressing head 2 is the same as that of the abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle 3, the inner diameter of the abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle pressing head 2 is the same as that of the abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle 3, and the abrasive nozzle positioning and centering baffle ring 4 can be omitted. The outlet end of the abrasive material input wear-resistant nozzle 3 is provided with a plurality of jet grooves 34, and the jet grooves 34 are uniformly arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the abrasive material input wear-resistant nozzle 3, as shown in fig. 13 and 14.
The other technical features of this embodiment may be the same as those of embodiment 1, and for the sake of economy, this embodiment will not be described in detail.
The foregoing description of the embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, so that the substitution of equivalent elements or equivalent variations and modifications within the scope of the invention shall fall within the scope of the patent. In addition, the technical characteristics and technical characteristics, the technical characteristics and technical scheme and the technical scheme can be freely combined for use.
Claims (9)
1. The ultrasonic-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive nozzle is characterized by comprising an outer shell (1) and an ultrasonic vibrator (6), wherein the outer shell (1) is internally provided with a main channel (11) and a side channel (12), the main channel (11) penetrates through the outer shell (1), one end of the main channel (11) is a first medium inlet, the other end of the main channel (11) is a mixed outlet, the outer part of the outer shell (1) is communicated with the main channel (11) through the side channel (12), the ultrasonic vibrator (6) can emit ultrasonic waves into the main channel (11), and the emitting direction of the ultrasonic vibrator (6) faces the other end of the main channel (11);
Along the direction from one end of the main channel (11) to the other end of the main channel (11), the inner surface of the main channel (11) comprises a first inner large-diameter section (111), a second inner large-diameter section (112), an inner connecting section (113), a first inner small-diameter section (114) and a second inner small-diameter section (115) which are sequentially arranged;
An abrasive input abrasion-resistant nozzle (3) and an abrasive input abrasion-resistant nozzle pressing head (2) which are connected internally and externally are sleeved in the main channel (11), an annular cavity (14) is formed between the outer surface of the abrasive input abrasion-resistant nozzle (3) and the inner surface of the main channel (11), and abrasive inlet channels which are mutually communicated are arranged in the abrasive input abrasion-resistant nozzle (3) and the abrasive input abrasion-resistant nozzle pressing head (2);
The outer surface of the abrasive material input wear-resistant nozzle pressing head (2) comprises a pressing head outer connecting section (21), a pressing head outer large-diameter section (22), a pressing head inner connecting section (23) and a pressing head inner small-diameter section (24) which are sequentially arranged, the pressing head outer large-diameter section (22) is in sealing connection with the outer shell (1), and the pressing head inner connecting section (23) is in threaded connection with the first inner large-diameter section (111);
the side channel (12) is connected with a high-pressure water input joint (9).
2. The ultrasonic-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the outer shell (1) further comprises a mounting channel (13), the mounting channel (13) is communicated with the main channel (11), the ultrasonic vibrator (6) comprises a piezoelectric ceramic transducer (61), a horn (63) and a water wave enhancement cover (64) which are sequentially connected, the axis of the ultrasonic vibrator (6) is obliquely arranged relative to the axis of the main channel (11), the horn (63) is positioned in the mounting channel (13), the piezoelectric ceramic transducer (61) is positioned outside the outer shell (1), the section of the water wave enhancement cover (64) is arc-shaped, and the arc-shaped opening faces the mixing outlet.
3. The ultrasonic-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive jet head according to claim 1, wherein the inner diameter of the first inner large diameter section (111) is larger than the inner diameter of the second inner large diameter section (112), the inner diameter of the inner connecting section (113) is smaller than the inner diameter of the first inner small diameter section (114), and the inner diameter of the first inner small diameter section (114) is smaller than the inner diameter of the second inner small diameter section (115).
4. An ultrasonic assisted high pressure water jet abrasive mix jet head according to claim 3 characterised in that the ram inner small diameter section (24) is sealingly plugged with the second inner large diameter section (112).
5. The ultrasonic-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive nozzle according to claim 4, wherein one end of an abrasive input abrasion-resistant nozzle (3) is inserted into an abrasive input abrasion-resistant nozzle pressing head (2), and the outer surface of the abrasive input abrasion-resistant nozzle (3) comprises an abrasion-resistant nozzle outer large-diameter section (31), an abrasion-resistant nozzle outer conical transition section (32) and an abrasion-resistant nozzle outer small-diameter section (33) which are sequentially arranged along the direction from one end of the abrasive input abrasion-resistant nozzle (3) to the other end of the abrasive input abrasion-resistant nozzle (3); the outer small diameter section (33) of the abrasion-resistant nozzle is positioned in the inner connecting section (113), an annular channel is formed between the outer small diameter section (33) of the abrasion-resistant nozzle and the inner connecting section (113), an abrasive nozzle positioning and centering baffle ring (4) is sleeved between the outer surface of the abrasive input abrasion-resistant nozzle (3) and the inner surface of the main channel (11), and the abrasive nozzle positioning and centering baffle ring (4) comprises a communication gap (43).
6. The ultrasonic-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive nozzle as claimed in claim 5, wherein an inner conical transition section (116) is arranged between the second inner large-diameter section (112) and the inner connecting section (113), the abrasive nozzle positioning and centering baffle ring (4) comprises an inner ring body (41) and an outer baffle (42) which are connected internally and externally, the plurality of outer baffle (42) are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the inner ring body (41), the communication gap (43) is positioned between two adjacent outer baffle (42), the inner ring body (41) is matched and abutted with the outer conical transition section (32) of the abrasion nozzle, the outer baffle (42) is matched and abutted with the inner conical transition section (116), and the taper of the outer conical transition section (32) of the abrasion nozzle is smaller than that of the inner conical transition section (116).
7. The ultrasonic-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive nozzle according to claim 6, wherein a plurality of ultrasonic vibrators (6) are positioned in the annular cavity (14), the ultrasonic vibrators (6) are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular cavity (14), the ultrasonic vibrators (6) are fixedly connected with an abrasive input wear-resistant nozzle pressing head (2), the ultrasonic vibrators (6) comprise piezoelectric ceramic transducers (61), amplitude transformers (63) and a water wave reinforcing cover (64) which are sequentially connected, the section of the water wave reinforcing cover (64) is arc-shaped, and the arc-shaped opening faces the mixing outlet; along the axial direction of the outer shell (1), the ultrasonic vibrators (6) are in one-to-one correspondence with the communication gaps (43), and the side channels (12) are positioned between two adjacent ultrasonic vibrators (6).
8. An ultrasonic-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive nozzle according to claim 3, characterized in that the first inner small diameter section (114) is internally sleeved with a mixed jet abrasion-resistant guide pipe (7), the second inner small diameter section (115) is internally sleeved with a guide pipe compression screw ring (8), the inner surface of the inlet of the mixed jet abrasion-resistant guide pipe (7) is provided with a conical surface section (71), the bottom end of the conical surface section (71) faces the abrasive input abrasion-resistant nozzle (3), the inner diameter of the bottom end of the conical surface section (71) is larger than the outer diameter of the outlet end of the abrasive input abrasion-resistant nozzle (3), and the inner diameter of the top end of the conical surface section (71) is smaller than the outer diameter of the outlet end of the abrasive input abrasion-resistant nozzle (3).
9. The development machine is characterized by comprising a cutterhead, wherein the cutterhead comprises the ultrasonic-assisted high-pressure water jet mixed abrasive nozzle in accordance with claim 1, one end of a main channel (11) is connected with an abrasive feeding tank through an abrasive conveying pipeline, and a side channel (12) is connected with a high-pressure water generator through a high-pressure water pipeline.
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| US8389066B2 (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2013-03-05 | Vln Advanced Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method for prepping a surface using a coating particle entrained in a pulsed waterjet or airjet |
| CN216077122U (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-03-18 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | Ultrasonic post-mixing spray head |
| CN216076977U (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-03-18 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | Water jet nozzle based on amplitude transformer structure |
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| CN202893594U (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-04-24 | 古家朴 | Liquid whistle type supersonic jet device |
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| CN112157596A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2021-01-01 | 太原理工大学 | Acoustic-magnetic coupling cavitation auxiliary liquid jet polishing device and using method thereof |
| CN112196543B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-08-19 | 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 | Heading machine and auxiliary rock breaking device for abrasive jet flow of heading machine |
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| US8389066B2 (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2013-03-05 | Vln Advanced Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method for prepping a surface using a coating particle entrained in a pulsed waterjet or airjet |
| CN216077122U (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-03-18 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | Ultrasonic post-mixing spray head |
| CN216076977U (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-03-18 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | Water jet nozzle based on amplitude transformer structure |
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