CN114029511A - Support structure of titanium alloy SLM forming parts and its removal method - Google Patents
Support structure of titanium alloy SLM forming parts and its removal method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114029511A CN114029511A CN202111324824.0A CN202111324824A CN114029511A CN 114029511 A CN114029511 A CN 114029511A CN 202111324824 A CN202111324824 A CN 202111324824A CN 114029511 A CN114029511 A CN 114029511A
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- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- MIMUSZHMZBJBPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methoxy-8-nitroquinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC(OC)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C21 MIMUSZHMZBJBPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000003934 vacuole Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- -1 ammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000561734 Celosia cristata Species 0.000 description 2
- 210000001520 comb Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003670 easy-to-clean Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007348 radical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/40—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards
- B22F10/47—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards characterised by structural features
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
- C25F3/16—Polishing
- C25F3/22—Polishing of heavy metals
- C25F3/26—Polishing of heavy metals of refractory metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a titanium alloy SLM forming part supporting structure and a removing method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing. The serrated supporting surface can enable the surface of the formed part to form a fine protruding structure, and a tip effect can be formed in subsequent electropolishing, so that the electric potential of the tip part is high, the protrusion is convenient to remove, the surface of the part is faster and smoother, and the supporting structure can be quickly separated from the main body of the part after the protrusion is removed. When a workpiece is subjected to electropolishing, 2-5 wt% of ammonium sulfate, 0.5-2 wt% of ammonium bifluoride and water are selected to prepare polishing solution, the polishing solution is heated to a temperature of above 70 ℃, a titanium alloy workpiece is used as an anode, a polishing tank is used as a cathode, and stable direct current high voltage of 400-500V is applied for polishing, the polishing time is 5-30 min, the support residues can be smoothly removed, the surface of the workpiece is bright, the whole polishing process is short, the operation is simple, the pollution is small, and the cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a titanium alloy SLM (Selective laser melting) formed part supporting structure and a removing method thereof.
Background
Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a new advanced manufacturing technology, which can form parts with good density, high dimensional accuracy, stable mechanical properties and excellent metallurgical bonding performance, and during the manufacturing process, three-dimensional models with complex structures are formed by mutually Melting and solidifying continuous metal powder layers. The method does not need a tool clamp and a die, is hardly restricted by the complexity of parts, has high forming precision, short required period and stable quality and performance of the parts, and has wide application prospect in the fields of aerospace, biomedical treatment, automobile manufacturing, industrial production and the like.
However, since there is no fixture or mold for selective laser melting molding, when the laser is sintered in the powder bed, if the current layer is larger than the cross-sectional area of the previous layer, i.e. there is an overhanging surface, the support must be added when the extending portion is inclined to the critical angle to ensure the printing process to be smoothly performed. Most SLM forming parts are very complex in shape and structure and often comprise characteristics of tiny details, corner parts, internal flow channels and the like, and the broken teeth attached to the surfaces of the parts after the titanium alloy supporting structures are removed are difficult to be subjected to full-coverage efficient treatment by adopting traditional technical means such as manual grinding, sand blasting, machining, chemical corrosion and the like, so that a brand new technical means is needed for solving the problem of post-treatment polishing of SLM forming.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects that the existing titanium alloy SLM forming part is not easy to clean supporting residues, the surface quality is affected and the like, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the titanium alloy SLM forming part supporting structure capable of being removed conveniently and the method for removing the titanium alloy SLM forming part supporting structure fast are provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the titanium alloy SLM forming part supporting structure comprises a base surface and a supporting surface, wherein the supporting surface is in a sawtooth shape, the tooth width is 0.1-0.2 mm, the distance between every two adjacent teeth is 0.2-1.5 mm, and the height of each tooth is 0.5-1.5 mm.
Further, the thickness of the support structure is equivalent to the diameter of the laser spot of the SLM forming process.
Further, the base surface of the support structure, if connected to the part, is also arranged in the same indentation as the support surface, and if not in contact with the part, is flat.
Furthermore, the middle part of the supporting structure is provided with a hole along the width direction in a hollow way.
The method for removing the support structure of the titanium alloy SLM forming part comprises the following steps:
a. preparing 2-5 wt% of ammonium sulfate, 0.5-2 wt% of ammonium bifluoride and water into polishing solution;
b. pouring the polishing solution into a polishing tank, and heating to above 70 ℃;
c. taking the titanium alloy SLM forming piece placed in the polishing groove as a positive electrode, taking the polishing groove as a negative electrode, and applying stable direct current high voltage of 400-500V for polishing for 5-30 min;
d. and after polishing, washing away the polishing solution on the surface of the titanium alloy SLM forming part by using clear water, and drying water stains.
Further, a steam generator is used for providing high-temperature steam when the polishing solution is heated, and the steam is guided into the polishing tank by a circulating pump to heat the polishing solution.
Further, when the air pressure in the steam generator reaches more than 0.4MPa, a valve and a circulating pump are opened, so that high-temperature gas enters the polishing tank to be mixed with the solution.
Further, the temperature of the polishing solution is also kept above 70 ℃ during the polishing process, and the polishing solution is supplemented at any time to ensure that the titanium alloy SLM forming part can be submerged.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the supporting surface of the supporting structure of the titanium alloy SLM forming part is designed to be in a sawtooth shape, so that a fine protruding structure can be formed on the surface of the formed part, a tip effect can be formed in subsequent electropolishing, on one hand, the potential of a tip part is high, the protrusion is convenient to remove, the surface of the part is faster and smoother, and on the other hand, the supporting structure can be quickly separated from the main body of the part after the protrusion is removed. The method can remove the workpiece supporting residues, can perform full-coverage deburring and smooth treatment on the characteristics of tiny details, corner parts, internal flow channels and the like which are difficult to treat in other traditional methods, and the polishing solution contains neutral polishing salt, so that the purposes of zero emission and recycling can be achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a titanium alloy workpiece and support structure after SLM forming in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the process of polishing a formed workpiece according to the present invention.
The symbols in the figure are 1-titanium alloy SLM former, 2-polishing bath, 3-high voltage supply, 4-polishing liquid, 5-vacuole, 6-support structure, 61-basal plane, 62-support plane, 63-hole.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the support structure 6 of the titanium alloy SLM forming member of the present invention includes a base surface 61 and a support surface 62, wherein the support surface 62 is a sawtooth shape, a tooth width is 0.1-0.2 mm, a distance between two adjacent teeth is 0.2-1.5 mm, and a tooth height is 0.5-1.5 mm. Through designing the supporting surface 62 into special cockscomb structure, can make the part surface after the shaping form tiny protruding structure, can form the tip effect in the follow-up electropolishing, on the one hand the tip position electric potential is high, is convenient for get rid of the arch, makes the part surface more bright and clean, on the other hand just can realize bearing structure 6 and the quick break away from of part main part after the arch is got rid of.
For the support structure 6, the present application also provides the following preferences:
in order to support the titanium alloy SLM moulding 1 without affecting the removal of the support structure 6, the thickness of the support structure 6 is preferably comparable to the diameter of the laser spot of the SLM moulding process.
The base surface 61 of the support structure 6 may be formed in the same zigzag shape as the support surface 62 if it is connected to a component, for facilitating electropolishing and removal of support residues, or may be formed in a flat surface if it is not in contact with a component, for facilitating an increase in contact area with a substrate and enhancing support strength.
In addition, a hole 63 is hollowed out along the width direction of the support structure 6 at the middle part thereof. The supporting structure 6 is designed to be a hollow structure, so that the supporting structure 6 can be conveniently removed by tools such as pliers and the like. Meanwhile, the powder consumption on the sintering support is reduced, the material is saved, and the hollow part can also be used as a sand discharge hole, so that the powder inside the support can be conveniently discharged.
The method for removing the support structure of the titanium alloy SLM forming part comprises the following steps:
a. preparing 2-5 wt% of ammonium sulfate, 0.5-2 wt% of ammonium bifluoride and water into polishing solution 4;
b. pouring the polishing solution 4 into the polishing tank 2, and heating to over 70 ℃;
c. taking the titanium alloy SLM forming piece 1 placed in the polishing groove 2 as a positive electrode, taking the polishing groove 2 as a negative electrode, and applying stable direct current high voltage of 400-500V for polishing for 5-30 min;
d. and after polishing, washing away the polishing solution 4 on the surface of the titanium alloy SLM forming piece 1 by using clear water, and drying water stain.
The work process for removing the support structure 6 is: after the titanium alloy SLM formed part 1 is subjected to heat treatment, a clamp is used for clamping a support connected between the part and a substrate, and a tooth end in contact with the part is removed as much as possible, so that broken teeth remained on the part are minimized, and the workload of polishing in the later period is reduced. Then, performing electropolishing on the titanium alloy SLM molded part 1, specifically as shown in fig. 2, providing a stable direct current high voltage by a high voltage power supply 3, forming a short circuit in a polishing solution 4 by using the titanium alloy SLM molded part 1, releasing a large amount of heat, ionizing the polishing solution 4 around the titanium alloy SLM molded part to form a discharge channel, generating plasma, generating an oscillation wave due to the plasma in a liquid medium, and forming a cavitation effect on the surface of the titanium alloy SLM molded part 1 where the anode is located, that is, forming a layer of cavitation 5 containing steam to attach to the surface of the titanium alloy SLM molded part 1. And the vapor in the vacuole 5 is vaporized from the polishing liquid, so that the vacuole is rich in polishing liquid ions, such as ammonium ions, sulfate ions, fluoride ions, hydrogen ions, sulfite ions, and the like, and a voltage is applied to the vacuole 5 to form a plasma channel, thereby accelerating electrochemical reactions and other free radical reactions in the vacuole 5. Meanwhile, the surface of the titanium alloy SLM forming part 1, which is in contact with the supporting structure 6, is in a zigzag shape, so that a tip effect can be formed, the potential of the tip part is high, more polishing liquid ions are gathered, the protrusion can be removed more quickly, the surface of the part is fast and smooth, and meanwhile, the supporting structure 6 can be separated from the titanium alloy SLM forming part 1 quickly after the protrusion is removed. The applicant found, based on a large number of experiments and demonstrations, that when electropolishing is performed using the above-mentioned process parameters, the residual support structure can be sufficiently removed in a short time, and rapid polishing of the surface of the titanium alloy SLM molded part 1 is facilitated, while the polishing liquid 4 is a low-concentration neutral salt solution, which has little influence on the environment.
Further, a steam generator is used to supply high-temperature steam when the polishing liquid 5 is heated, and the steam is introduced into the polishing tank 2 by a circulation pump to heat the polishing liquid 4. The polishing solution 4 is heated by high-temperature steam, so that the temperature of the solution can be raised and the solution can be uniformly mixed, and the heating end of other heating modes can be prevented from contacting the polishing solution to damage a heating material. In order to achieve sufficient heating and stirring effect, it is preferable to open the valve and the circulating pump when the pressure in the steam generator reaches 0.4MPa or more, so that the high-temperature gas enters the polishing tank to mix with the solution.
In addition, because water is continuously gasified in the polishing process to take away heat, and the temperature of the polishing solution 4 has a certain influence on the polishing effect, the temperature of the polishing solution 4 also needs to be kept above 70 ℃ in the polishing process. Meanwhile, if the polishing time is too long and the water evaporation is too large, solute supplement is considered.
This application is through being the cockscomb structure with titanium alloy SLM forming part bearing structure's holding surface design, can make the part surface after the shaping form tiny protruding structure, can form the tip effect in the follow-up electropolishing, and tip position electric potential is high on the one hand, is convenient for get rid of the arch, makes the part surface more bright and clean, and on the other hand just can realize bearing structure and the quick break away from of part main part after the arch is got rid of. The method can not only remove the support residue of the workpiece, but also carry out full-coverage deburring and smooth treatment on the characteristics of tiny details, corner parts, internal flow channels and the like which are difficult to treat by other traditional methods. Meanwhile, the polishing solution is neutral polishing salt, can achieve the purposes of zero emission and recycling, has good use value, and is very suitable for industrial application of SLM (selective laser melting) technology post-treatment polishing.
Claims (8)
1. Titanium alloy SLM formed part bearing structure, characterized by: the supporting structure (6) comprises a base surface (61) and a supporting surface (62), wherein the supporting surface (62) is in a sawtooth shape, the tooth width is 0.1-0.2 mm, the distance between every two adjacent teeth is 0.2-1.5 mm, and the height of each tooth is 0.5-1.5 mm.
2. The titanium alloy SLM formed part support structure as claimed in claim 1 characterised by: the thickness of the supporting structure (6) is equivalent to the diameter of a laser spot of the SLM forming process.
3. The titanium alloy SLM formed part support structure as claimed in claim 1 characterised by: the base surface (61) of the support structure (6) is also arranged, if connected to the part, in the same zigzag shape as the support surface (62) and, if not in contact with the part, flat.
4. The titanium alloy SLM formed part support structure as claimed in claim 1 characterised by: and the middle part of the supporting structure (6) is provided with a hole (63) along the width direction in a hollow way.
5. Method for removing a titanium alloy SLM support structure according to any of claims 1-4, characterized by the following steps:
a. preparing 2-5 wt% of ammonium sulfate, 0.5-2 wt% of ammonium bifluoride and water into polishing solution (4);
b. pouring the polishing solution (4) into the polishing tank (2), and heating to above 70 ℃;
c. taking the titanium alloy SLM forming piece (1) placed in the polishing groove (2) as a positive electrode, taking the polishing groove (2) as a negative electrode, and applying stable direct current high voltage of 400-500V for polishing for 5-30 min;
d. and (3) washing away the polishing solution on the surface of the titanium alloy SLM forming piece (1) by using clear water after polishing is finished, and drying water stains.
6. The method of removing a titanium alloy SLM support structure as claimed in claim 5 characterised by: when the polishing solution (4) is heated, a steam generator is used for providing high-temperature steam, and the steam is guided into the polishing tank (2) by a circulating pump to heat the polishing solution (4).
7. The method for descaling a titanium alloy surface according to claim 6, wherein: and opening the valve and the circulating pump when the air pressure in the steam generator reaches more than 0.4MPa, so that the high-temperature gas enters the polishing tank to be mixed with the solution.
8. The method for descaling a titanium alloy surface according to claim 5, wherein: and in the polishing process, the temperature of the polishing solution (4) is also kept above 70 ℃, and the polishing solution (4) is supplemented at any time to ensure that the titanium alloy SLM forming part can be submerged.
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| CN202111324824.0A CN114029511A (en) | 2021-11-10 | 2021-11-10 | Support structure of titanium alloy SLM forming parts and its removal method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115627521A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2023-01-20 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 | Method and system for reducing surface roughness of alloy part |
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| Title |
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| 吴国庆: "《3D打印技术基础及应用》", 31 July 2021, 北京：北京理工大学出版社, pages: 107 - 108 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115627521A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2023-01-20 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 | Method and system for reducing surface roughness of alloy part |
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