CN114012261B - Non-ferrous metal laser welding method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a non-ferrous metal laser welding method, and relates to the technical field of laser welding. The non-ferrous metal laser welding method is a method of composite welding using visible light and near-infrared light, comprising: composite a visible light laser beam and a near-infrared light laser beam to form a composite light beam, adjusting the light spot of the composite light beam to the connection of the non-ferrous metal specimen for laser welding, and controlling the light emission sequence and energy distribution during the welding process. The welding method is particularly suitable for welding non-ferrous metal specimens with relatively thin thickness, and can greatly reduce the equipment damage caused by light beam reflection; during the welding process, the molten pool is stable, almost no spatter is generated, the weld is well formed, no internal defects are generated, and the welding deformation is small, which well realizes the welding of relatively thin and ultra-thin non-ferrous metal specimens.

Description

A nonferrous metal laser welding method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of laser welding, and in particular to a non-ferrous metal laser welding method.

Background technique

Due to their excellent performance, non-ferrous metals such as aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, and copper alloys are widely used in new energy batteries, electronics, and other fields. During use, thin and ultra-thin non-ferrous metal specimens usually need to be welded. Conventional welding processes are usually not used for welding ultra-thin specimens due to their large heat input, low welding efficiency, and large deformation after welding. Laser welding is more suitable for welding thin plates due to its high precision, fast welding speed, and low heat input.

However, when using the commonly used near-infrared laser beam (wavelength over 1000nm) on the market to weld non-ferrous metals, the non-ferrous metals have a high reflectivity and a low absorption rate for the laser beam. A higher laser power is required to achieve the melting of the non-ferrous metals and the formation of a molten pool. The increase in power makes the molten pool very unstable, prone to defects such as spatter and pores, and the oxidation and deformation of the specimen will be greater. Therefore, conventional laser welding is not suitable for welding non-ferrous metals, especially thin and ultra-thin non-ferrous metal specimens.

In view of this, the present invention is proposed.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a non-ferrous metal laser welding method, aiming to provide a welding method suitable for non-ferrous metal thin plates, avoiding equipment damage caused by light beam reflection, and having good weld formation and small welding deformation.

The present invention is achieved in that:

The invention provides a non-ferrous metal laser welding method, which uses a composite light beam formed by a visible light laser beam and a near-infrared light laser beam to perform laser welding on the connection of non-ferrous metal test pieces.

The present invention has the following beneficial effects: by adopting a composite laser beam formed by a visible light laser beam and a near-infrared laser beam to weld non-ferrous metal specimens, the present invention is particularly suitable for welding non-ferrous metal specimens with relatively thin thickness, and can greatly reduce equipment damage caused by beam reflection; during the welding process, the molten pool is stable, almost no spatter is generated, the weld is well formed, no internal defects are generated, and the welding deformation is small, thereby well realizing the welding of relatively thin and ultra-thin non-ferrous metal specimens.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

Figure 1 shows the welding of 0.5 mm aluminum alloy using a composite laser beam of blue light and near infrared light;

Figure 2 shows the welding of 0.5 mm aluminum alloy using a blue light laser beam;

FIG3 shows the welding of 0.5 mm aluminum alloy by near-infrared laser beam;

FIG4 is a composite laser beam welding of a 0.1 mm copper alloy using a blue light and near infrared light;

FIG5 is a blue light laser beam welding of 0.1 mm copper alloy;

FIG6 shows the welding of 0.1 mm copper alloy by near infrared laser beam;

FIG7 is a composite laser beam welding of a 0.5 mm copper alloy using a blue light and near infrared light;

FIG8 is a composite laser beam welding of a 0.1 mm titanium alloy using a blue light and near infrared light;

FIG9 is a composite laser beam welding of a 0.8 mm titanium alloy using a blue light and near infrared light;

Figure 10 is a welding effect diagram of Comparative Example 1;

FIG11 is a welding effect diagram of Comparative Example 2;

FIG12 is a welding effect diagram of Comparative Example 3;

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the welding effect of comparative example 4.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. If the specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments used is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

The inventor creatively adopts a visible light and near-infrared light composite welding method, which can well solve the problems existing in the prior art of non-ferrous metal thin plate welding.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a non-ferrous metal laser welding method, which adopts a visible light and near-infrared light composite welding method, including: using a composite light beam formed by a visible light laser beam and a near-infrared light laser beam to laser weld the joints of non-ferrous metal specimens.

It should be noted that, compared with near-infrared light, the absorption rate of non-ferrous metals for visible light (wavelength range 300-800nm) is significantly improved, and a molten pool can be formed at a lower laser power, and the molten pool is stable and has fewer defects. However, the current non-ferrous laser power is low, and the penetration ability to the depth of the plate is limited. Once the non-ferrous metal is melted to form a molten pool, the absorption rate of near-infrared light will be greatly improved. The embodiment of the present invention can solve the problem of high-quality welding of non-ferrous metal thin plates by using a composite laser beam of visible light and near-infrared light. Specifically, the visible light laser beam can be blue light.

Specifically, the thickness of the non-ferrous metal sheet referred to in the embodiment of the present invention refers to a sheet with a thickness of less than 1 mm. Non-ferrous metals refer to non-ferrous metals including various alloys such as aluminum alloys, copper alloys, titanium alloys and magnesium alloys.

In some embodiments, the non-ferrous metal specimen is subjected to surface treatment to remove the oxide film on the surface of the non-ferrous metal specimen before welding; preferably, the oxide film on the surface of the welded portion of the specimen is removed and then cleaned and dried. Specifically, the oxide film can be removed by conventional methods such as grinding or alkaline solution treatment, and alcohol or acetone can be used to clean and remove oil stains on the surface, and then blow-dried, and the specimen is fixed at the welding station.

In the actual operation of composite welding, the visible light laser beam and the near-infrared laser beam are combined to a spot position, and the focal positions of the two beams are adjusted to be on the same horizontal plane to form a composite beam, and the spot of the composite beam is adjusted to the connection of the non-ferrous metal specimen, and the scanning path of the beam is set along the connection of the specimen to form a weld that meets the connection of the specimen through welding. Specifically, setting the beam scanning path according to the connection of the specimen belongs to the prior art, which can be modeled by scanning and the program can be run during welding.

During the actual operation of visible light and near-infrared light, the operating parameters need to be controlled. The power of the two laser beams, laser scanning speed, laser defocusing amount, protective gas flow, light on and light off time, etc. need to be set. The details are as follows:

It is preferable that both visible light laser beam and near-infrared laser beam present Gaussian heat source distribution. Gaussian heat source distribution means that the temperature is high in the center and low at the outer edge within a circle of equal diameter. Within the circle of equal diameter, the temperature is distributed according to a Gaussian curve.

After the visible laser beam and the near-infrared laser beam are combined, the spot diameter of the visible laser beam at the focal position is adjusted to be larger than the spot diameter of the near-infrared laser beam; the spot diameter of the visible laser beam is 1 to 1.5 mm (such as 1.0 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, etc.), and the spot diameter of the near-infrared laser beam is 0.3 to 1.0 mm (such as 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1.0 mm, etc.). During composite welding, the spot of the colored laser beam should be controlled to be appropriately larger than the spot of the near-infrared laser beam, so as to ensure that a larger molten pool is generated first. Once the near-infrared laser beam reacts with the non-ferrous metal, it reacts with the liquid molten pool rather than the solid non-ferrous metal, thereby avoiding excessive energy from being reflected back to the laser welding optical path system and causing damage to the equipment.

Furthermore, at the beginning of welding, the visible light laser is turned on first and then the near-infrared laser; the visible light laser acts on the sample in advance for 10-100ms. Based on the fact that non-ferrous metals have a higher absorption rate for visible light laser beams in the solid state, and a lower absorption rate for near-infrared lasers at this time, the visible light laser beam is controlled to run first, so that the non-ferrous metals melt and produce a molten pool; then, based on the relatively large absorption rate of the molten non-ferrous metals for both visible light laser beams and near-infrared laser beams, the near-infrared laser beam is turned on and operated to increase the depth of the molten pool to compensate for the insufficient power of the colored light laser beam.

Furthermore, when welding is finished, the near-infrared laser is turned off first and then the visible light laser; the hysteresis time of the visible light laser on the sample is 10-100ms. Before welding is finished, the near-infrared laser should be turned off first and then the visible light laser. This is also done to avoid the near-infrared laser from interacting with solid non-ferrous metals, causing excessive energy reflection and damaging the welding optical path equipment.

During the welding process, the power of colored laser and near-infrared laser should be specially controlled, that is, to avoid problems such as insufficient energy resulting in small welding penetration and excessive energy resulting in burn-through and large deformation of the specimen.

In some embodiments, when the thickness of the non-ferrous metal specimen is less than 0.5 mm, the power of the visible light laser beam is controlled to be 100-500 W, the power of the near-infrared laser beam is 50-500 W, and the laser defocus range is 1-5 mm; preferably, when the thickness of the non-ferrous metal specimen is less than 0.5 mm, the power of the visible light laser beam is controlled to be 200-300 W, and the power of the near-infrared laser beam is 150-300 W.

Specifically, when the thickness of the non-ferrous metal specimen is less than 0.5 mm, the power of the visible light laser beam can be 100 W, 150 W, 200 W, 250 W, 300 W, 350 W, 400 W, 450 W, 500 W, etc., the power of the near-infrared laser beam can be 50 W, 100 W, 150 W, 200 W, 250 W, 300 W, 350 W, 400 W, 450 W, 500 W, etc., and the laser defocus range can be 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, etc.

In some embodiments, when the thickness of the non-ferrous metal specimen is 0.5-1.0 mm, the power of the visible light laser beam is controlled to be 500-1000 W, the power of the near-infrared laser beam is 500-2000 W, and the laser defocus range is -1-1 mm; when the thickness of the non-ferrous metal specimen is 0.5-1.0 mm, the power of the visible light laser beam is controlled to be 600-800 W, and the power of the near-infrared laser beam is 800-1500 W.

Specifically, when the thickness of the non-ferrous metal specimen is 0.5-1.0 mm, the power of the visible light laser beam can be 500 W, 550 W, 600 W, 650 W, 700 W, 750 W, 800 W, 850 W, 900 W, 950 W, 1000 W, etc.; the power of the near-infrared laser beam can be 500 W, 600 W, 700 W, 800 W, 900 W, 1000 W, 1100 W, 1200 W, 1300 W, 1400 W, 1500 W, 1600 W, 1700 W, 1800 W, 1900 W, 2000 W, etc.; and the laser defocus range can be -1 mm, 0 mm, 1 mm, etc.

Further, the laser scanning speed of the visible light laser beam and the near-infrared laser beam is 0.5 to 10 m/min, preferably 2 to 5 m/min. Specifically, the laser scanning speed can be 0.5 m/min, 1.0 m/min, 2.0 m/min, 3.0 m/min, 4.0 m/min, 5.0 m/min, 6.0 m/min, 7.0 m/min, 8.0 m/min, 9.0 m/min, 10.0 m/min, etc.

Furthermore, the laser welding process is carried out in the presence of a shielding gas, the shielding gas flow rate is 15-25 L/min, and the shielding gas can be a general inert gas.

When a composite laser beam composed of blue light (visible light) and near-infrared light is used to weld thin or ultra-thin nonferrous metal specimens, the inventors summarize the optimized process parameters for aluminum alloys, copper alloys, and titanium alloys of different thicknesses. Under the optimized parameter range, the weld is well formed, the deformation is small, no spatter is generated, and there are fewer defects such as internal pores and cracks. The results are shown in Table 1:

Table 1 Optimized welding parameter ranges for different alloys

That is to say, for the welding of aluminum alloy materials, when the thickness is less than 0.5mm, the power of the visible light laser beam is controlled to be 100-500W, the power of the near-infrared laser beam is 50-500W, the laser defocus range is 2-5mm, the welding speed is 2-5m/min, the advance action time of the visible light laser on the sample is 50-80ms, and the delayed action time of the visible light laser on the sample is 40-60ms; when the thickness is 0.5-1mm, the power of the visible light laser beam is controlled to be 500-1000W, the power of the near-infrared laser beam is 500-1500W, the laser defocus range is -1-1mm, the welding speed is 1-2m/min, the advance action time of the visible light laser on the sample is 70-90ms, and the delayed action time of the visible light laser on the sample is 50-70ms.

For the welding of copper alloy materials, when the thickness is less than 0.5mm, the power of the visible light laser beam is controlled to be 100-500W, the power of the near-infrared laser beam is 100-500W, the laser defocus range is 2-3mm, the welding speed is 2-3m/min, the advance action time of the visible light laser on the sample is 60-80ms, and the delayed action time of the visible light laser on the sample is 50-70ms; when the thickness is 0.5-1mm, the power of the visible light laser beam is controlled to be 500-1000W, the power of the near-infrared laser beam is 500-2000W, the laser defocus range is -1-1mm, the welding speed is 1-1.5m/min, the advance action time of the visible light laser on the sample is 80-100ms, and the delayed action time of the visible light laser on the sample is 70-90ms.

For the welding of titanium alloy materials, when the thickness is less than 0.5mm, the power of the visible light laser beam is controlled to be 100-500W, the power of the near-infrared laser beam is 50-500W, the laser defocus range is 2-5mm, the welding speed is 2-6m/min, the advance action time of the visible light laser on the sample is 40-60ms, and the delayed action time of the visible light laser on the sample is 20-40ms; when the thickness is 0.5-1mm, the power of the visible light laser beam is controlled to be 500-1000W, the power of the near-infrared laser beam is 500-1300W, the laser defocus range is -1-1mm, the welding speed is 1-2m/min, the advance action time of the visible light laser on the sample is 50-80ms, and the delayed action time of the visible light laser on the sample is 40-60ms.

The features and performance of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

Example 1

This embodiment provides a non-ferrous metal laser welding method, comprising the following steps:

(1) Material preparation: The material used is 0.5 mm thick aluminum alloy plate. The surface oxide film is removed and the oil stains are cleaned with alcohol and acetone. After being blown dry, it is fixed to the welding station with a clamp.

(2) The specimens were welded using a composite laser beam consisting of visible light, blue light, and near-infrared light, where the blue light laser power was set to 500 W, the blue light spot was set to 1 mm, the near-infrared light power was set to 600 W, the near-infrared light spot was set to 0.4 mm, the laser defocus was set to 0 mm, and the laser scanning speed range was 1 m/min.

(3) Set the beam scanning length to 100 mm, set the blue light priority near infrared light on time to 80 ms, and set the blue light lagging near infrared light off time to 60 ms.

(4) Argon gas is used to protect the molten pool, and the gas flow rate is 25L/min.

(5) Turn on the argon gas, run the program, and complete the welding process. The welding result is shown in Figure 1.

Comparative Case 1: The same specimen was welded using 500W blue light and 1100W near-infrared light, and the results are shown in Figures 2 and 3 respectively.

As can be seen from Figure 1, the use of a composite laser beam composed of blue light and near-infrared light to weld a 0.5 mm thick aluminum alloy can achieve single-sided welding and double-sided forming, with small deformation of the plate, smooth and continuous weld surface and back, no spatter, and no pores or cracks inside the weld.

As shown in Figure 2, when blue light welding is used alone, only a small molten pool is formed on the surface of the specimen, and the molten depth is almost negligible; when near-infrared laser welding is used alone; as shown in Figure 3, even if the laser power and the composite light power are equal, only a narrow and shallow weld is obtained on the surface of the specimen, and most of the energy of the beam is reflected.

Example 2

This embodiment provides a non-ferrous metal laser welding method, comprising the following steps:

(1) Material preparation: The material used is a 0.1 mm thick copper alloy plate. The surface oxide film is removed and the oil stains are cleaned with alcohol and acetone. After being blown dry, it is fixed to the welding station with a clamp.

(2) The specimens were welded using a composite laser beam consisting of visible light, blue light, and near-infrared light, wherein the blue light laser power was set to 200 W, the blue light spot was set to 1 mm, the near-infrared light power was set to 200 W, the near-infrared light spot was set to 0.4 mm, the laser defocus was set to 3 mm, and the laser scanning speed range was 2 m/min.

(3) Set the beam scanning length to 100 mm, set the blue light priority near infrared light on time to 50 ms, and set the blue light lagging near infrared light off time to 30 ms.

(4) Use argon gas to protect the molten pool with a gas flow rate of 20L/min.

(5) Turn on the argon gas, run the program, and complete the welding process. The welding result is shown in Figure 4.

Comparative Case 2: In order to facilitate comparison with the above results, the same specimen was welded using 300W blue light and 500W near-infrared light respectively. The results are shown in Figures 5 and 6 respectively.

As can be seen from Figure 4, the composite laser beam composed of blue light and near-infrared light is used to weld a 0.1 mm thick copper alloy, and single-sided welding and double-sided forming are also achieved. The plate deformation is small, the weld surface and back are smooth and continuous, fish scale patterns are produced, no spatter is generated, and there are no pores or cracks inside the weld.

As shown in Figure 5, when blue light welding is used alone, although the plate is also welded through, the weld is relatively small and locally uneven, and the weld formation is not as good as that of composite light. As shown in Figure 6, when near-infrared laser welding is used alone, the laser power has exceeded the composite light power, but the laser energy is almost completely reflected, and the plate does not melt at all, leaving only a trace of laser heat.

Example 3

This embodiment provides a non-ferrous metal laser welding method, comprising the following steps:

(1) Material preparation: The material used is a 0.5 mm thick copper alloy plate. The surface oxide film is removed and the oil stains are cleaned with alcohol and acetone. After being blown dry, it is fixed to the welding station with a clamp.

(2) The specimen was welded using a composite laser beam consisting of visible light, blue light and near-infrared light, where the blue light laser power was set to 600 W, the blue light spot was set to 1 mm, the near-infrared light power was set to 800 W, the near-infrared light spot was set to 0.4 mm, the laser defocus was set to 0 mm, and the laser scanning speed range was 1.2 m/min.

(3) Set the beam scanning length to 100 mm, set the blue light priority near infrared light on time to 100 ms, and set the blue light lagging near infrared light off time to 80 ms.

(4) Argon gas is used to protect the molten pool, and the gas flow rate is 25L/min.

(5) Turn on the argon gas, run the program, and complete the welding process.

The welding results are shown in Figure 7. The composite laser beam composed of blue light and near-infrared light is used to weld a 0.5 mm thick copper alloy, which can achieve single-sided welding and double-sided forming. The plate deformation is small, the weld surface and back are smooth and continuous, no spatter is generated, and there are no pores or cracks inside the weld.

Example 4

This embodiment provides a non-ferrous metal laser welding method, comprising the following steps:

(1) Material preparation: The material used is a 0.1 mm thick titanium alloy plate. The surface oxide film is removed and the oil stains are cleaned with alcohol and acetone. After being blown dry, it is fixed to the welding station with a clamp.

(2) The specimens were welded using a composite laser beam consisting of visible light, blue light and near-infrared light, where the blue light laser power was set to 100 W, the blue light spot was set to 1 mm, the near-infrared light power was set to 100 W, the near-infrared light spot was set to 0.4 mm, the laser defocus was set to 2 mm, and the laser scanning speed range was 2.5 m/min.

(3) Set the beam scanning length to 100 mm, set the blue light priority near infrared light on time to 40 ms, and set the blue light lagging near infrared light off time to 20 ms.

(4) Use argon gas to protect the molten pool with a gas flow rate of 20L/min.

(5) Turn on the argon gas, run the program, and complete the welding process.

The welding results are shown in Figure 8. The composite laser beam composed of blue light and near-infrared light is used to weld 0.1 mm thick titanium alloy, which can achieve single-sided welding and double-sided forming. The plate deformation is small, the weld surface and back are smooth and continuous, no spatter is generated, and no pores and cracks are generated inside the weld.

Example 5

This embodiment provides a non-ferrous metal laser welding method, comprising the following steps:

(1) Material preparation: The material used is a 0.8 mm thick titanium alloy plate. The surface oxide film is removed and the oil stains are cleaned with alcohol and acetone. After being blown dry, it is fixed to the welding station with a clamp.

(2) The specimen was welded using a composite laser beam consisting of visible light, blue light and near-infrared light, where the blue light laser power was set to 800 W, the blue light spot was set to 1 mm, the near-infrared light power was set to 600 W, the near-infrared light spot was set to 0.4 mm, the laser defocus was set to 0 mm, and the laser scanning speed range was 1 m/min.

(3) Set the beam scanning length to 100 mm, set the blue light priority near infrared light on time to 80 ms, and set the blue light lagging near infrared light off time to 60 ms.

(4) Argon gas is used to protect the molten pool, and the gas flow rate is 25L/min.

(5) Turn on the argon gas, run the program, and complete the welding process.

The welding results are shown in Figure 9. The composite laser beam composed of blue light and near-infrared light is used to weld 0.8 mm thick titanium alloy, which can achieve single-sided welding and double-sided forming. The plate deformation is small, the weld surface and back are smooth and continuous, no spatter is generated, and no pores and cracks are generated inside the weld.

Comparative Example 1

This comparative example provides a nonferrous metal laser welding method, which is different from Example 2 only in the parameter control of step (2), specifically: the laser defocus amount is set to 0 mm.

The result is shown in FIG10 . It can be seen that the weld is completely cut at this time and no effective connection can be formed.

Comparative Example 2

This comparative example provides a nonferrous metal laser welding method, which is different from Example 3 only in the parameter control of step (2), specifically: the blue light laser power is set to 400W, and the near-infrared light power is set to 2000W.

The results are shown in Figure 11. It can be seen that when the energy distribution of the two beams of light is unreasonable, even if the near-infrared light power is larger and the blue light power is smaller, only a weld with a smaller depth can be obtained on the surface of the plate, the back cannot be penetrated, and the weld is uneven.

Comparative Example 3

This comparative example provides a nonferrous metal laser welding method, which is different from Example 5 only in the parameter control of step (2), specifically: the blue light laser power is set to 1000W, and the near-infrared light power is set to 400W.

The results are shown in Figure 12. It can be seen that when the energy distribution of the two beams is unreasonable, even if the near-blue light power is larger and the near-infrared light power is smaller, the back of the weld cannot be penetrated.

Comparative Example 4

This comparative example provides a nonferrous metal laser welding method, which is different from Example 5 only in the parameter control of step (2), specifically: the blue light laser power is set to 1000W, and the near-infrared light power is set to 1500W.

The results are shown in Figure 13. It can be seen that when the energy distribution of the two beams is unreasonable, the near-infrared light power is large, the weld is partially completely cut, and no effective connection can be formed.

Comparative Example 5

This comparative example provides a nonferrous metal laser welding method, which is different from Example 3 only in the parameter control of step (3), specifically: the blue light and near-infrared light are set to be turned on and off at the same time. As a result, due to the strong reflection of the light beam at the beginning, the laser itself alarms and stops the program running, and effective and smooth welding cannot be implemented.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A nonferrous metal laser welding method is characterized in that a composite beam formed by a visible light laser beam and a near infrared light laser beam is used for carrying out laser welding on the joint of nonferrous metal test pieces; the visible light laser beam is blue light or green light;

The thickness of the nonferrous metal test piece is smaller than 1mm, and the nonferrous metal test piece is at least one of aluminum alloy, copper alloy, titanium alloy and magnesium alloy;

Combining a visible light laser beam and a near infrared light laser beam to a spot position, adjusting the focal positions of the two beams to be on the same horizontal plane to form a combined beam, adjusting the spot of the combined beam to the joint of nonferrous metal test pieces, and setting a scanning path of the beam along the joint of the test pieces; after the visible light laser beam and the near infrared light laser beam are compounded, adjusting the spot diameter of the visible light laser beam at the focus position to be larger than the spot diameter of the near infrared light laser beam; the diameter of the light spot of the visible light laser beam is 1-1.5 mm, and the diameter of the light spot of the near infrared light laser beam is 0.3-1.0 mm; when welding starts, firstly starting visible light laser and then starting near infrared laser; when the welding is finished, the near infrared laser is firstly turned off, and then the visible light laser is turned off;

For welding of aluminum alloy materials, when the thickness is smaller than 0.5mm, controlling the power of a visible light laser beam to be 100-500W, the power of a near infrared light laser beam to be 50-500W, the laser defocusing amount range to be 2-5 mm, the welding speed to be 2-5m/min, the time for the visible light laser to act on a sample in advance to be 50-80ms, and the time for the visible light laser to act on the sample to lag to be 40-60ms;

For welding copper alloy materials, when the thickness is smaller than 0.5mm, controlling the power of a visible light laser beam to be 100-500W, the power of a near infrared light laser beam to be 100-500W, the laser defocusing amount range to be 2-3 mm, the welding speed to be 2-3m/min, the time for the visible light laser to act on a sample in advance to be 60-80ms, and the time for the visible light laser to act on the sample to lag to be 50-70ms;

For welding of titanium alloy materials, when the thickness is smaller than 0.5mm, controlling the power of a visible light laser beam to be 100-500W, the power of a near infrared light laser beam to be 50-500W, the laser defocusing amount range to be 2-5 mm, the welding speed to be 2-6m/min, the time for the visible light laser to act on a sample in advance to be 40-60ms, and the time for the visible light laser to act on the sample to lag to be 20-40ms;

For welding of aluminum alloy materials, when the thickness is 0.5-1 mm, controlling the power of a visible light laser beam to be 500-1000W, the power of a near infrared light laser beam to be 500-1500W, the laser defocusing amount range to be-1 mm, the welding speed to be 1-2m/min, the time for the visible light laser to act on a sample in advance to be 70-90ms, and the time for the visible light laser to act on the sample to lag to be 50-70ms;

For welding copper alloy materials, when the thickness is 0.5-1 mm, controlling the power of a visible light laser beam to be 500-1000W, the power of a near infrared light laser beam to be 500-2000W, the laser defocusing amount range to be-1 mm, the welding speed to be 1-1.5m/min, the time for the visible light laser to act on a sample in advance to be 80-100ms, and the time for the visible light laser to act on the sample to lag to be 70-90ms;

For welding of titanium alloy materials, when the thickness is 0.5-1 mm, the power of a visible light laser beam is controlled to be 500-1000W, the power of a near infrared light laser beam is controlled to be 500-1300W, the laser defocusing amount range is-1 mm, the welding speed is 1-2m/min, the time for the advance action of the visible light laser on a sample is 50-80ms, and the time for the lag action of the visible light laser on the sample is 40-60ms.

2. The method for laser welding nonferrous metal according to claim 1, wherein,

The visible light laser beam and the near infrared light laser beam are distributed in a Gaussian heat source.

3. The non-ferrous metal laser welding method of claim 1, wherein the visible laser beam is blue light.

4. The non-ferrous metal laser welding method of claim 1, wherein the laser scanning speed of the visible light laser beam and the near infrared light laser beam is 0.5-10 m/min.

5. The non-ferrous metal laser welding method according to claim 1, wherein the non-ferrous metal test piece is subjected to a surface treatment to remove an oxide film on the surface of the non-ferrous metal test piece before being welded.

6. The method of laser welding nonferrous metal according to claim 5, wherein the oxide film on the surface of the part to be welded of the test piece is removed, and then the test piece is cleaned and dried.

7. The method of laser welding nonferrous metals according to claim 1, wherein the laser welding process is performed in the presence of a shielding gas having a flow rate of 15-25L/min.