CN113996616A - Hazardous chemical substance-related tank car green cleaning device and method based on VOCs separation and recovery technology - Google Patents
Hazardous chemical substance-related tank car green cleaning device and method based on VOCs separation and recovery technology Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- SAZUGELZHZOXHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N acecarbromal Chemical compound CCC(Br)(CC)C(=O)NC(=O)NC(C)=O SAZUGELZHZOXHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010170 biological method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012824 chemical production Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011086 high cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000346 nonvolatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/08—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
- B08B9/0804—Cleaning containers having tubular shape, e.g. casks, barrels, drums
- B08B9/0813—Cleaning containers having tubular shape, e.g. casks, barrels, drums by the force of jets or sprays
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
- B01D2259/40083—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption
- B01D2259/40086—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption by using a purge gas
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于VOCs分离回收技术的涉危化品罐车绿色清洗装置及方法，包括氮气吹扫、冷凝回收、分子筛吸附、尾气排放、分子筛脱附，通过两个VOCs在线检测仪中数值来调整阀门的启闭，决定尾气进入循环系统进行循环还是进入催化氧化装置进行氧化处理排放，若罐车出口中VOCs浓度降低到0.2v%以下或者分子筛装置出口管路中VOCs浓度超过0.2v%以上，则尾气进入催化氧化装置，否则进入吹扫系统，进行循环吹扫。本发明可实现罐车的无水化清洗，减少有害固废液废的排放，同时回收油气车辆内难以处理的残余油品介质，既节能又环保，运行安全稳定。
The invention discloses a green cleaning device and method for tank trucks involving hazardous chemicals based on VOCs separation and recovery technology, including nitrogen purging, condensation recovery, molecular sieve adsorption, tail gas emission, and molecular sieve desorption. To adjust the opening and closing of the valve, determine whether the exhaust gas enters the circulation system for circulation or enters the catalytic oxidation device for oxidation treatment and discharge. If the concentration of VOCs in the outlet of the tanker is reduced to below 0.2v% or the concentration of VOCs in the outlet pipeline of the molecular sieve device exceeds 0.2v% or more , the tail gas enters the catalytic oxidation device, otherwise it enters the purging system for cyclic purging. The invention can realize anhydrous cleaning of the tank car, reduce the discharge of harmful solid waste and liquid waste, and at the same time recover the residual oil medium that is difficult to handle in the oil and gas vehicle, which is not only energy-saving, environmentally friendly, and safe and stable in operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cleaning device and a cleaning method for a dangerous chemical tank car, in particular to a green cleaning device and a green cleaning method for a dangerous chemical tank car based on a VOCs separation and recovery technology.
Background
Under the situation that the national importance on safety and environmental protection is increasing, the cleaning of the dangerous chemical tank car is a fundamental problem which troubles the industry for many years. Most of oil gas tank trucks still adopt the traditional mode of air replacement after hot water is repeatedly soaked to clean, and the in-process not only can produce a large amount of oily waste water, but also can produce VOCs, and causes serious pollution to the surrounding environment.
At present, the cleaning method of oil and gas storage and transportation equipment mainly comprises manual cleaning, chemical cleaning, mechanical cleaning and the like. For fixed oil and gas storage and transportation equipment, special cleaning systems and robots have been developed. A skid-mounted vacuum oil tank cleaning system is introduced to Li Dujuan in Shanxi petrochemical engineering school, and the system comprises 4 modules including a vacuum suction cleaning system, a multifunctional oil-water-solid separation system, a cleaning system and a protection system, and can realize efficient cleaning of an oil tank. However, for mobile oil and gas storage and transportation equipment such as an LPG tank truck and the like, no professional cleaning equipment with high matching degree exists, and cleaning is mainly performed by repeatedly soaking in hot water after evacuation and replacement at present. When the LPG tank car is cleaned by soaking in hot water, a large amount of waste water is generated, a large amount of volatile organic waste gas (VOCs) is emitted, and the serious pollution and potential safety hazard to the surrounding environment are easily caused. Meanwhile, residual materials in the tank car cannot be recycled, so that resource waste is caused to a certain extent.
At present, two types of common VOCs treatment and recovery methods are provided, one type is a destructive method, and the incineration method, the catalysis method, the biological method and the like are mainly provided. The incineration method can efficiently convert organic waste gas into carbon dioxide and water, but the method relates to open fire use, has limited application scenes, cannot recover organic matters, and has no economic benefit. The catalytic method is to convert VOCs into CO by means of a catalyst within the temperature range of 200-2And H2From a safety point of view, the method is currently only suitable for small-air and low-concentration occasions, and is generally used as a tail end unit in a combined process. The other is a non-destructive method, mainly a condensation method, an adsorption method, a membrane separation method, or the like, or a combination of the above methods. The condensation method is to replace the heat of the tail gas by using a refrigeration technology to realize the direct conversion of different components from a gas phase to a liquid phase. The method has the advantages of simple process principle, high safety and high energy consumption, and when water vapor is mixed in oil gas, the heat exchanger is easy to freeze and block. The membrane separation method is a new high-efficiency separation method, and has the advantages of high efficiency, energy conservation, no secondary pollution, capability of recovering organic solvent and the like, but the membrane separation method has large equipment investment, high price, short service life of the membrane, and high operation requirement because a separation device requires stable pressure and stable flow. The key point of the adsorption technology as an effective treatment method of the tail gas in chemical production lies in developing a novel efficient adsorbent which has the characteristics of high adsorption selectivity, large adsorption capacity, reproducibility and the like. Currently activated carbon is the most widely used adsorbent. The activated carbon is loose and porous, has large specific surface area and large pore volume, but has the defects of combustibility, larger influence of water vapor on adsorption performance and the like, and needs to be replaced regularly. The molecular sieve is an artificially synthesized zeolite, is a microporous hydrated aluminosilicate crystal with a framework structure, has the pore size of less than 1.0nm, and is widely applied to the chemical and petrochemical fields of catalysis, separation and the like due to the specific regular pore channel structure, selectivity and high hydrothermal stability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a hazardous chemical substance-related tank car green cleaning device based on a VOCs separation and recovery technology, which can realize the waterless cleaning of a tank car, reduce the discharge of harmful solid waste liquid and waste liquid, recover residual oil medium which is difficult to treat in an oil gas vehicle, save energy and protect environment.
In order to solve the technical problem, the hazardous chemical substance tank car green cleaning device based on the VOCs separation and recovery technology comprises a purging program control, an interlocking control and a liquid nitrogen tank, wherein a nitrogen conveying pipeline is connected to a tank car through a first fan and a first electric heater, and an outlet of the tank car is connected with a vacuum pump and a first VOCs online detector to a buffer tank; the heating temperature of the nitrogen is 50-80 ℃, and the pressure of the vacuum pump is 5000-; the buffer tank is connected to the condenser through the compressor, the temperature of the buffer tank is reduced to 0-5 ℃, the outlet of the condenser is respectively connected to the liquid collecting tank and the molecular sieve separation device, the outlet of the molecular sieve separation device is connected with the second VOCs online detector and the second fan to the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is connected with the second electric heater to the inlet of the catalytic oxidation device, the outlet of the catalytic oxidation device is respectively connected with the molecular sieve separation device and the inlet of the heat exchanger, and the buffer tank is connected between the first fan and the first electric heater and between the second VOCs online detector and the second fan through pipelines.
The invention also provides a hazardous chemical substance-related tank car green cleaning method based on the VOCs separation and recovery technology, which is sequentially carried out according to the following steps:
the first step is a nitrogen purge step; nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen tank enters a first electric heater through a first fan to be heated, the nitrogen is heated to 50-80 ℃ and then enters a tank car to be fully purged, VOCs in the tank car are fully volatilized and mixed, gas in the tank car is extracted through a vacuum pump and enters a buffer tank, VOCs on-line monitoring is carried out in the tank car, and the detection of the content of the VOCs is less than 0.2%, so that purging can be stopped;
the second step is condensation recovery; compressing the gas in the buffer tank in the first step by a compressor, then feeding the gas into a condenser, reducing the temperature in the condenser to 0-10 ℃, liquefying the condensed heavy components, then recovering the liquefied heavy components by a liquid collecting tank, and feeding the light components into a molecular sieve separation device by a second fan;
the third step is molecular sieve adsorption; the unrecovered VOCs enter a molecular sieve separation device to effectively adsorb the residual VOCs, so that the content of volatile organic compounds in tail gas is reduced, the concentration of the residual VOCs after separation is reduced to be below 0.2v%, and the tail gas is sent to a nitrogen purging system at the front section of the second fan and is recycled in the system, so that the use amount of nitrogen is reduced;
the fourth step is tail gas emission; after the content of VOCs in the tank truck is reduced to the target requirement, closing a valve of the circulating system, opening a valve of the molecular sieve separation device to the catalytic oxidation device, discharging gas in the system into the catalytic oxidation device for treatment, carrying out online detection on the gas in the pipeline, and discharging after carrying out thin film planting with the concentration of VOCs being less than or equal to 80 mg/m;
the fifth step is molecular sieve desorption; after the molecular sieve adsorbs organic matters to reach a saturated state, high-temperature gas is blown in through the catalytic oxidation device to enable the organic matters to be desorbed from the molecular sieve, the molecular sieve recovers activity, and the gas desorbed from the molecular sieve is treated through the catalytic oxidation device to achieve cyclic utilization of the molecular sieve.
The first step of the method is the design of an anhydrous purging subsystem, and comprises a purging spray head, VOCs concentration online monitoring, an inert gas heater, purging program control, interlocking control and the like. The subsystem can remarkably reduce the concentration of VOCs medium in the LPG tank in a short time, and ensure that personnel can enter the tank for safe operation;
the second step is the design of a waste oil gas recycling subsystem, which comprises that residual media in a tank are evaporated and then enter a buffer tank along with nitrogen, and then enter a gas-liquid separation tank after being compressed by a compressor. The gas at the top of the tank enters a condensing unit, so that most of organic components in the oil gas are liquefied and collected;
the third step is that the VOCs purification system is designed and comprises a molecular sieve adsorption device and a catalytic oxidation device, VOCs which are not completely condensed enter the molecular sieve adsorption device for adsorption, and a small amount of VOCs which are not adsorbed enter the catalytic oxidation device for thorough purification, thereby meeting the requirements of environmental emission standards;
the fourth step is a nitrogen recycling system, and the nitrogen purified by the molecular sieve adsorption device enters the LPG tank car again through the purging system for recycling;
and the fifth step is a molecular sieve desorption system, after the molecular sieve is adsorbed and saturated, the air heated by the tail catalytic oxidation device enters the molecular sieve adsorption device for high-temperature desorption, and the desorbed VOCs gas enters the catalytic oxidation device for catalytic oxidation to achieve the recycling of the molecular sieve.
The invention solves the common problems that the mobile tank car of the use unit of dangerous chemicals in the industry is difficult to clean, the discharge of waste liquid and waste gas during cleaning does not reach the standard, and effective process equipment is lacked.
The key technical problems solved by the invention are as follows: (1) the traditional cleaning mode of the dangerous chemical tank car is easy to generate a large amount of oily wastewater and VOCs, and the direct discharge of harmful substances can cause serious pollution to the environment; (2) VOCs generated in the cleaning process are directly discharged without being recycled, so that the environment is polluted, and the resource is greatly wasted.
The purging system developed by the invention can realize waterless cleaning, does not generate oily sewage and VOCs waste gas in the cleaning process, and has high cleaning speed and safe and reliable cleaning process.
The invention develops a safe, green, recyclable and low-cost green cleaning process for an LPG tank truck. The heated nitrogen is blown into the oil gas storage tank, so that residual media in the tank are evaporated and then enter the buffer tank along with the nitrogen. The gas at the top of the tank enters a compression condensing unit, and most of organic components in the oil gas are liquefied and collected; a small amount of light components are separated by a molecular sieve adsorption device, and residual low-concentration VOCs after separation are removed by a catalytic oxidation device, so that the standard emission of tail gas is realized.
In the invention, the waste gas generated by cleaning the tank car is small (less than or equal to 100Nm3/h) and discontinuous, and the oil-containing waste gas contains components below C4, and the process of nitrogen purging + compression shallow cooling + molecular sieve adsorption + catalytic oxidation is adopted in the green cleaning treatment system in consideration of multiple dimensions such as equipment safety, stability, operation energy consumption, waste gas emission standard reaching performance and the like.
The VOCs recovery device developed by the invention is based on a compression condensation-molecular sieve adsorption process, is safe and stable in operation, and ensures that the exhaust gas emission concentration meets the local and national environmental protection standards; meanwhile, the medium blown out of the hazardous chemical storage and transportation device can be recovered, and resource recycling is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the hazardous chemical substance tank truck green cleaning device based on the VOCs separation and recovery technology comprises a purging program control, an interlocking control and a liquid nitrogen tank 1, wherein a nitrogen conveying pipeline is connected to a tank truck 4 through a first fan 2 and a first electric heater 3, and an outlet of the tank truck 4 is connected with a vacuum pump 5, a first VOCs online detector 6 and a buffer tank 7; the heating temperature of the nitrogen is 50-80 ℃, and the pressure of the vacuum pump 5 is 5000-; the buffer tank 7 is connected to a condenser 9 through a compressor 8, the temperature is reduced to 0-5 ℃ through the condenser 9, the outlet of the condenser 9 is respectively connected to a liquid collecting tank 10 and a molecular sieve separation device 11, the outlet of the molecular sieve separation device 11 is connected with a second VOCs online detector 12 and a second fan 13 to a heat exchanger 14, the heat exchanger 14 is connected with a second electric heater 15 to the inlet of a catalytic oxidation device 16, the outlet of the catalytic oxidation device 16 is respectively connected with the molecular sieve separation device 11 and the inlet of the heat exchanger 14, and the first fan 2 and the first electric heater 3 and the second VOCs online detector 12 and the second fan 13 are connected through pipelines. The condensed heavy component is liquefied and then enters a liquid collecting tank 10, and the unliquefied light component enters a molecular sieve separation device 11; the molecular sieve material is a zeolite molecular sieve, the opening and closing of a valve are adjusted through the numerical values of a second VOCs online detector 12 on an outlet pipeline and a first VOCs online detector 5 in an outlet pipeline of the tank car, the tail gas is determined to enter a circulating system for circulation or enter a catalytic oxidation device 16 for oxidation treatment and discharge, if the concentration of VOCs in the outlet of the tank car is reduced to be below 0.2v% or the concentration of VOCs in the outlet pipeline of the molecular sieve device exceeds 0.2v%, the tail gas enters the catalytic oxidation device 16, and if not, the tail gas enters a purging system for circular purging; after the molecular sieve is adsorbed and saturated, the tail gas after the molecular sieve separation device 11 is heated and oxidized by the catalytic oxidation device 16, the treated gas enters the molecular sieve separation device 11 again through the valve for desorption circulation, the desorption temperature of the molecular sieve is 220-300 ℃, and the gas is discharged after the detection of the concentration of the VOCs is less than or equal to 80mg/m through the second VOCs online detector 12 in the pipeline.
The hazardous chemical substance-related tank car green cleaning method based on the VOCs separation and recovery technology is sequentially carried out according to the following steps:
the first step is a nitrogen purge step; nitrogen in a liquid nitrogen tank 1 enters a first electric heater 3 through a first fan 2 to be heated, the nitrogen is heated to 50-80 ℃ and then enters a tank truck 4 to be fully purged, VOCs in an LPG tank truck 4 are fully volatilized and mixed, gas in the tank truck 4 is extracted through a vacuum pump 6 and enters a buffer tank 7, VOCs on-line monitoring is carried out in the tank truck 4, the content of VOCs is detected to be less than 0.2%, and purging can be stopped;
the second step is condensation recovery; compressing the gas in the buffer tank 7 in the first step by a compressor 8, then feeding the gas into a condenser 9, reducing the temperature in the condenser 9 to 0-10 ℃, liquefying the condensed heavy components, then recycling the liquefied heavy components by a liquid collecting tank 11, and feeding the light components into a molecular sieve separation device 11 by a second fan 13;
the third step is molecular sieve adsorption; the unrecovered VOCs enter a molecular sieve separation device 11, the residual VOCs are effectively adsorbed, the content of volatile organic compounds in tail gas is reduced, the concentration of the residual VOCs after separation is reduced to be below 0.2v%, the tail gas is sent to a nitrogen purging system at the front section of a second fan 13, the tail gas is recycled in the system, and the use amount of nitrogen is reduced;
the fourth step is tail gas emission; after the content of VOCs in the tank truck 4 is reduced to the target requirement, closing a valve of a circulating system, opening a valve of the molecular sieve separation device 11 leading to the catalytic oxidation device 16, discharging gas in the system into the catalytic oxidation device 16 for treatment, carrying out online detection on the gas in the pipeline, and discharging after carrying out thin film evaporation on the gas in the pipeline, wherein the concentration of VOCs is less than or equal to 80 mg/m;
the fifth step is molecular sieve desorption; after the molecular sieve adsorbs organic matters to reach a saturated state, high-temperature gas is blown in through the catalytic oxidation device 16 to enable the organic matters to be desorbed from the molecular sieve, the molecular sieve recovers activity, and the gas desorbed from the molecular sieve is treated through the catalytic oxidation device 16 to achieve cyclic utilization of the molecular sieve.
The catalyst used in the catalytic oxidation is noble metal such as platinum, rhodium and the like, and can realize the low-temperature oxidation of VOCs in the waste gas at the working temperature of 250 ℃ and 400 ℃, realize the environmental-friendly emission reaching the standard and can be directly purchased and used.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a green belt cleaning device of dangerous article tank car of wading based on VOCs separation recovery technique which characterized by: the device comprises a purging program control, an interlocking control and a liquid nitrogen tank (1), wherein a nitrogen conveying pipeline is connected to a tank car (4) through a first fan (2) and a first electric heater (3), and an outlet of the tank car (4) is connected with a vacuum pump (5) and a first VOCs online detector (6) to a buffer tank (7); the buffer tank (7) is connected to the condenser (9) through the compressor (8), the outlet of the condenser (9) is respectively connected to the liquid collecting tank (10) and the molecular sieve separation device (11), the outlet of the molecular sieve separation device (11) is connected with the second VOCs online detector (12) and the second fan (13) to the heat exchanger (14), the heat exchanger (14) is connected with the second electric heater (15) to the inlet of the catalytic oxidation device (16), the outlet of the catalytic oxidation device (16) is respectively connected with the molecular sieve separation device (11) and the inlet of the heat exchanger (14), and the first fan (2) and the first electric heater (3) and the second VOCs online detector (12) and the second fan (13) are connected through pipelines.
2. A hazardous chemical substance-related tank car green cleaning method based on a VOCs separation and recovery technology is sequentially carried out according to the following steps:
the first step is a nitrogen purge step; nitrogen in a liquid nitrogen tank (1) enters a first electric heater (3) through a first fan (2) to be heated, the nitrogen is heated to 50-80 ℃ and then enters an LPG tank truck (4) to be fully purged, VOCs in the tank truck (4) are fully volatilized and mixed, gas in the tank truck (4) is extracted through a vacuum pump 6 and enters a buffer tank (7), VOCs is monitored in the tank truck (4) on line, and the detection of VOCs components is less than 0.2%, so that purging can be stopped;
the second step is condensation recovery; compressing the gas in the buffer tank (7) in the first step by a compressor (8), then feeding the gas into a condenser (9), reducing the temperature in the condenser (9) to 0-10 ℃, liquefying the condensed heavy components, then recycling the liquefied heavy components by a liquid collecting tank (11), and feeding the light components into a molecular sieve separation device (11) by a second fan (13);
the third step is molecular sieve adsorption; the unrecovered VOCs enter a molecular sieve separation device (11) to effectively adsorb the residual VOCs, so that the content of volatile organic compounds in tail gas is reduced, the concentration of the residual VOCs after separation is reduced to be below 0.2v%, and the tail gas is sent to a nitrogen purging system at the front section of a second fan (13) and is recycled in the system, so that the use amount of nitrogen is reduced;
the fourth step is tail gas emission; after the content of VOCs in the tank truck (4) is reduced to the target requirement, closing a valve of a circulating system, opening a valve of a molecular sieve separation device (11) to a catalytic oxidation device (16), discharging gas in the system into the catalytic oxidation device (16) for treatment, carrying out online detection on the gas in the pipeline, and discharging after the VOCs concentration is less than or equal to 80 mg/m;
the fifth step is molecular sieve desorption; after the molecular sieve adsorbs organic matters to reach a saturated state, high-temperature gas is blown in through the catalytic oxidation device (16) to enable the organic matters to be desorbed from the molecular sieve, the molecular sieve recovers activity, and the gas desorbed from the molecular sieve is treated through the catalytic oxidation device (16) to achieve cyclic utilization of the molecular sieve.
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