CN113992260B - Low-orbit satellite wide-narrow-band wave beam cooperative control method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of air-sky-land-sea integrated information networks, and particularly relates to a low-orbit satellite wide-narrow-band beam cooperative control method, which comprises the following steps: setting a pilot sequence for each satellite, and continuously broadcasting own pilot sequences; the ground terminal receives a pilot sequence broadcasted by a satellite, and judges which satellite the terminal covers through the sequence; the covered ground terminal carries out precoding processing on the pilot frequency sequence and sends burst signals to satellite load; receiving burst signals by satellite load to obtain pilot sequence response; the satellite load carries out wide-narrow beam interference channel estimation on the pilot frequency sequence response, and an equivalent wide-narrow beam interference signal copy is reconstructed; subtracting the reconstructed copies of the wide and narrow beam interference signals from each beam of the satellite load receiving end, and carrying out beam forming on each beam signal after the wide and narrow beam interference is eliminated; the invention adopts an estimating-reconstructing-eliminating-shaping method, reduces the interference among users and reduces the error rate of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of air-sky-land-sea integrated information networks, and particularly relates to a low-orbit satellite wide-narrow-band beam cooperative control method.
Background
The core of the air-sky-sea integrated information network is a satellite communication network. In the constellation network, the satellite network is used as a joint hub of the sea, land and air information platforms, so that the information platforms are changed from relative dispersion into a joint organic whole. The low orbit satellite system becomes an important supplement of the ground mobile communication system, and overcomes the disadvantages of natural geographic faults and limited coverage of the ground mobile communication system. Meanwhile, the low orbit satellite has the unique advantages of low orbit, short time delay, flexible networking, wide coverage and the like, and can meet the access requirements of users at any time and any place.
The low orbit satellite communication is an important ring for constructing a global seamless network, the frequency spectrum resources are limited, the requirements of a continuously developed satellite communication system are difficult to meet, and the multi-beam satellite communication system adopts a plurality of spot beams to replace the original single wide-angle beam to jointly cover a larger area, and the ground area covered by each beam is a cell. On one hand, frequency multiplexing among beams can be realized through space diversity, namely cells corresponding to different beams can use the same frequency to improve the utilization rate of the frequency, and further improve the system capacity; on the other hand, the beam energy is more concentrated due to smaller opening angle of the spot beam, so that the antenna size of the ground terminal can be reduced, and the quality of a received signal can be improved.
However, the low orbit satellite adopts wide wave beam, and has large coverage area, but low energy and low supported speed, so that generally low-speed services such as voice, short message and other functional services are supported, and high-speed services such as internet surfing, video transmission and the like cannot be supported; and the narrow beam bandwidth is wider, the coverage area is narrow, and high-speed data such as video transmission and the like are supported.
In order to meet the requirements of different users in the same cell, a wide-narrow beam cooperative method is adopted to realize the support of both mobile low-speed service and high-speed service. However, the wide and narrow beams cause serious interference in the same area, so that the low-speed service and the high-speed service in the same frequency band cannot normally communicate.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a low-orbit satellite wide-narrow-band beam cooperative control method, which comprises the following steps: setting a pilot sequence for each satellite on a large-scale low-orbit satellite constellation, wherein each low-orbit satellite continuously broadcasts own pilot sequence; the ground terminal receives the pilot sequence broadcasted by the satellite, and judges which satellite the terminal is covered by through the pilot sequence; the covered ground terminal carries out precoding processing on the pilot frequency sequence and sends burst signals to satellite load; receiving burst signals by satellite load to obtain pilot sequence response; the satellite load carries out wide-narrow beam interference channel estimation on the pilot frequency sequence response, and an equivalent wide-narrow beam interference signal copy is reconstructed according to a wide-narrow beam interference channel estimation result; subtracting the reconstructed copies of the wide and narrow beam interference signals from each beam of the satellite load receiving end to obtain beam signals for eliminating the wide and narrow beam interference; each interference canceled beam signal is beamformed.
Preferably, the process of setting a pilot sequence for each satellite on the large-scale low-orbit satellite constellation includes:
step 1: randomly generating an m1 sequence and an m2 sequence by a low-orbit satellite;
step 2: intercepting sequences with the length of W groups 512 from m1 sequences with the phase difference of 64; intercepting sequences with the length of W groups 512 from m2 sequences with the phase difference of 64;
step 3: and performing exclusive OR processing on the m1 sequences and the m2 sequences with the length of W groups 512 respectively, and performing BPSK modulation to obtain pilot sequences.
Further, the process of randomly generating the m1 sequence and the m2 sequence by the low-orbit satellite comprises the following steps: the low orbit satellite generates an m1 sequence with the length of 2-42-1 according to a polynomial x-42+x-2+x-1, and generates an m2 sequence with the length of 2-42-1 according to a polynomial x-42+x-41+x-40+x-30+x-1.
Preferably, the process of determining which satellite the terminal is covered by using the pilot sequence includes: the terminal locally stores the pilot sequence of each satellite, and calculates the correlation value of the signals according to the pilot sequence of each satellite and the acquired signals; and comparing all the obtained pilot sequence correlation values, and selecting the satellite corresponding to the maximum correlation value as the satellite covering the terminal.
Preferably, the ground terminal performs precoding processing on the pilot sequence to obtain a precoding matrix; the precoding matrix is:
wherein the columns in the precoding matrix represent J beams, the rows represent T time slots, and c n,t Representing the nth beam and t represents the nth slot value.
Preferably, the expression of the pilot sequence response of the satellite payload receiving all transmitted burst signals is:
R＝H 1 ·D T ·X+H 2 ·D T ·X+V·D T ·X+n 0
wherein H is 1 Representing an interference matrix between L-band wide beams; h 2 Representing an interference matrix between L-band narrow beams; d represents a precoding matrix, X represents a user pilot sequence matrix, V represents an interference matrix between an L-band wide beam and an L-band narrow beam, T represents a transpose, and n 0 Representing additive gaussian white noise.
Preferably, the expression of the broad-narrow beam interference channel estimation for the received pilot sequence response is:
P＝H 1 +H 2 +V
wherein E { } represents the desired mean,
representing the variance of P, P representing the equivalent L-band wide-narrow beam interference matrix, H 1 Representing interference matrix between L-band wide beams, H 2 Represents the interference matrix between L-band narrow beams, V represents the interference matrix between L-band wide beams and narrow beams, sigma 2 The variance of the gaussian white noise is represented, R represents the pilot sequence response, D represents the precoding matrix, and T represents the transpose.
Preferably, the expression of reconstructing the equivalent wide-narrow beam interference signal replica is:
wherein,,
signal representing pilot sequence response for wide-narrow beam interferenceChannel estimation, X, represents the user pilot sequence matrix.
Preferably, the process of beamforming each beam signal after the interference cancellation of the wide and narrow beams by the satellite load includes:
step 1: subtracting the reconstructed copies of the wide and narrow beam interference signals from each beam of the satellite load receiving end;
step 2: and carrying out beam forming on each beam signal subjected to the equivalent wide and narrow beam interference elimination, and transmitting the formed beam to a target user.
Further, beamforming each beam signal after the equivalent wide-narrow beam interference cancellation includes Q (Q 1 ×Q 2 ) The wave beam is formed by the vibrators, and the obtained wave beam matrix is:
wherein,,
obeying mean value 0 and variance +.>
Is characterized by independent co-distributed complex Gaussian random variables;
indicating that the nth beam is at (Q 1 ，Q 2 ) Excitation values at the array.
The invention designs a low orbit satellite wide and narrow wave beam cooperative control method, which adopts an estimating-reconstructing-eliminating-shaping method, firstly, pilot sequences of L frequency band wide wave beams and narrow wave beams are pre-coded to estimate a wide and narrow wave beam mutual interference channel, so that the length of the pilot sequences is independent of the wave beam number and is related to the number of users; reconstructing the interference at the low orbit satellite load receiving end according to the estimated wide and narrow beam mutual interference channel and subtracting the interference so as to achieve the effect of eliminating the wide and narrow beam interference at the node; finally, at the load receiving end, the load receiving end is used as receiving beam forming, so that the interference among users is reduced, and the error rate of the system is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an application scenario of a low-orbit satellite wide-narrow beam cooperative control method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a scenario in which the cooperative control method of the wide and narrow beams of the low-orbit satellite is designed to model the cooperative channels of the wide and narrow beams;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a low-orbit satellite wide-narrow beam cooperative control method according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a capacity performance simulation diagram of a low-orbit satellite wide-narrow beam cooperative control method according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention based on the embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows an application scenario of a low-orbit satellite wide-narrow beam cooperative control method designed by the invention, which supports a large-scale constellation (10000 ten thousand satellites).
Fig. 2 is an application scenario of the cooperative control method of the wide and narrow beams of the low orbit satellite designed by the invention to the modeling of the cooperative channels of the wide and narrow beams, including the interference between the narrow beams and the interference between the wide and narrow beams.
The invention adopts an 'estimation-reconstruction-elimination-shaping' method, firstly, pilot sequences of L frequency band wide wave beams and narrow wave beams are precoded to estimate the wide and narrow wave beam mutual interference channels, so that the length of the pilot sequences is independent of the number of wave beams and is related to the number of users; reconstructing the interference at the low orbit satellite load receiving end according to the estimated wide and narrow beam mutual interference channel and subtracting the interference so as to achieve the effect of eliminating the wide and narrow beam interference at the node; finally, at the load receiving end, the load receiving end is used as receiving beam forming, so that the interference among users is reduced, and the error rate of the system is reduced.
A low-orbit satellite broadband and narrowband wave beam cooperative control method comprises the steps of setting a pilot sequence for each satellite on a large-scale low-orbit satellite constellation, and continuously broadcasting own pilot sequence by each low-orbit satellite; the ground terminal receives a pilot sequence broadcasted by a satellite, and judges which satellite the terminal is covered by through the pilot sequence; the ground terminal performs precoding processing on the pilot frequency sequence and sends a burst signal to the satellite load; pilot sequence response of satellite payload burst signals; the satellite load carries out the interference channel estimation of the wide and narrow beams on the received pilot frequency sequence response, and rebuilds the equivalent interference signal copy of the wide and narrow beams according to the interference channel estimation result of the wide and narrow beams; and subtracting the reconstructed copies of the wide and narrow beam interference signals from each beam at the satellite load receiving end, and then carrying out beam forming on each beam signal after the wide and narrow beam interference is eliminated.
An embodiment of a low-orbit satellite wide-narrow-band beam cooperative control method, as shown in fig. 3, comprises the following steps:
step 1: each satellite of the large-scale low-orbit satellite constellation is provided with an independent pilot sequence, and each low-orbit satellite continuously broadcasts the independent pilot sequence.
Step 2: the ground terminal judges which satellite the terminal is covered by through the received pilot frequency sequence; then, the N covered users adopt the detected pilot frequency sequence to be pre-coded, and then send burst signals to satellite load in turn, wherein the burst signals are x i Wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N; the terminal for transmitting the burst signal comprises M L-band wide-beam mobile users and K L-band narrow-beam mobile users, and the satellite load L-band wide-beam coverage area comprises a Ka-band narrow-beam coverage area.
Step 3: the satellite payload records the responses of the N user pilot sequences, denoted r i,j 1.ltoreq.i.ltoreq.N, 1.ltoreq.j.ltoreq.J, where J represents the number of satellite payload beams.
Step 4: the satellite payload employs a wide-narrow beam interference channel estimate, denoted P, of the pilot sequence responses of the N users.
Step 5: the satellite payload reconstructs an equivalent broad and narrow beam interference signal replica, denoted S, from the estimated broad and narrow beam interference channel P.
Step 6: and each wave beam of the satellite load receiving end directly subtracts the reconstructed copy of the wide and narrow wave beam interference signals, and then forms wave beams of each wave beam signal after the wide and narrow wave beam interference is eliminated.
The process of setting a pilot sequence for each satellite on a large scale low orbit satellite constellation includes:
step 11: randomly generating an m1 sequence and an m2 sequence by a low-orbit satellite;
step 12: intercepting N groups of 512 sequences with the phase difference of 64 for m1 sequences and m2 sequences respectively;
step 13: and performing exclusive OR processing on the m1 sequences and the m2 sequences with the lengths of N groups of 512, and performing BPSK modulation to obtain pilot sequences.
Preferably, the length of the generated m1 sequence and m2 sequence is 2≡42-1; wherein the m-sequence polynomial that generates the m1 sequence is: x≡42+x≡2+x+1; the m-sequence polynomial for generating the m2 sequence is x42+x41+x40+x30+x+1.
BPSK modulation converts an analog signal into a data value, and uses a complex wave combination of offset phases to represent an information-keyed phase shift scheme, which is divided into two types, absolute phase shift and relative phase shift. BPSK uses a reference sine wave and a phase-inverted wave to make one 0 and the other 1, so that information of 2 values (1 bit) can be simultaneously transmitted and received. Because the simplest keying phase shift method is relatively noise resistant but has poor transmission efficiency, QPSK using 4 phases and 8PSK using 8 phases are often used.
The specific process of the ground terminal judging which satellite is covered by the received pilot sequence comprises the following steps:
step A: the terminal locally stores the pilot sequence of each satellite and carries out correlation operation on the acquired signals; the calculation formula of the correlation operation is as follows:
wherein y is i (n) represents the ith star signal received by the terminal, c i (n) represents an ith satellite pilot sequence signal,
the correlation value of the received i-th star signal is represented by the terminal, L represents the delay value, n represents the number of pilot symbols, and τ represents the delay of a few pilot symbols.
And (B) step (B): and comparing the results of the correlation of all pilot sequences, wherein the maximum correlation value corresponds to the satellite covering the terminal.
The process of the ground terminal for pre-coding the pilot frequency sequence comprises the following steps:
step 1: the satellite accesses a channel RACH by detecting whether pilot signals are accessed to each beam (comprising M wide beams and K narrow beams) in the coverage area; if yes, feeding back to the ground network management system through a feed link, and setting a flag as 1; if not, feeding back to the ground network management system through the feed link, and setting flag to be 0; wherein RACH represents a random access channel.
And (B) step (B): the ground network management system transmits a data frame consisting of satellite beam signals and a flag to a satellite through a feed link; simultaneously, the satellite broadcasts a data frame containing a satellite beam number and a flag through a broadcast channel BCCH; wherein the BCCH represents a broadcast control channel.
Step C: and each terminal in the satellite coverage area analyzes the satellite beam number and the data frame of the flag according to the BCCH signal by receiving the broadcast channel BCCH.
Step D: the terminal constructs a precoding matrix according to the satellite beam number and the flag, wherein rows represent beams, columns represent time slots (the number of the time slots is 8 in the scheme), and the terminal obtains the precoding matrix as follows:
J＝K+M
where K represents the number of narrow beams, M represents the number of wide beams, J represents the number of beams, c 1， ～c M， Representing M wide beams; c M+1， ～c N， Represents K narrow beams; if the beam is 1 for flag, then:
wherein,,
representing the form of complex numbers, exp is an exponential operation; c if no user accesses (flag is 0) n,t ＝0。
Because the N screened user wheel flows to the satellite load to send burst signals, the response after the sent burst signals reach the satellite is as follows:
R＝H 1 ·D T ·X+H 2 ·D T ·X+V·D T ·X+n 0
wherein H is 1 Representing an interference matrix between L-band wide beams; h 2 Representing an interference matrix between L-band narrow beams; d represents a precoding matrix, X represents a user pilot sequence matrix, V represents an interference matrix between an L-band wide beam and an L-band narrow beam, T represents a transpose, and n 0 Representing additive gaussian white noise.
For simple estimation, the mutual interference of wide beams and the interference between wide and narrow beams are unified, and the calculation expression after the equivalent wide and narrow beams interfere with the channel is as follows:
R＝P·D T ·X+n 0
wherein P is independent and equidistributed in complex Gaussian, the mean value is 0, and the variance is sigma D 。
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the method for estimating the equivalent wide and narrow beam interference channel by adopting the minimum mean square error comprises the following specific processes:
step A: the minimum interference of wide and narrow beams and the maximum capacity of a satellite system are taken as final optimization targets, and an objective function is defined as follows:
L(P)＝E{||(R-n 0 )D T P-C+ηP|| 2 }
wherein E { x } is the desired mean; c is a signal after BPSK modulation of a local pilot sequence stored by satellite load; η is an adjustment factor to ensure that an optimal solution exists for L (P).
And (B) step (B): to obtain the optimal solution of P, bias the L (P) and let the value be 0, then:
solving to obtain
The expression of (2) is:
the satellite load rebuilds an equivalent wide-narrow beam interference signal copy S according to the estimated equivalent wide-narrow beam interference channel, and the calculation expression is as follows:
the cooperative flow of the satellite load transmitting wide and narrow beams is as follows:
step A: each wave beam of the satellite load receiving end directly subtracts the reconstructed copy of the interference signal of the wide wave beam and the narrow wave beam, and the calculation expression is as follows:
Z＝R-S
and (B) step (B): each beam signal after the equivalent wide and narrow beam interference is eliminated is subjected to beam forming, and then is forwarded to a target user, wherein the beam forming calculation expression is as follows:
F＝Z·W
where F is the signal forwarded by the satellite payload and W is the beamforming matrix.
Low orbit satellite load phased antenna Q (Q) 1 ×Q 2 ) The beam matrix formed by the vibrators is as follows:
wherein,,
obeying mean value 0 and variance +.>
Is characterized by independent co-distributed complex Gaussian random variables;
indicating that the nth beam is at (Q 1 ，Q 2 ) Excitation values at the array;
wherein beta is a channel attenuation factor, T s For the system sampling period, σ is the variance of the gaussian white noise.
The above designed low-orbit satellite wide-narrow beam cooperative method is applied to practice, and the system simulation result is shown in fig. 4. As can be seen from the figure, when the system power is 400W, the system capacity of the cooperation of the narrow beam, the wide beam and the narrow beam in the scheme is approximately 2.4Gbps, and the mixing of the wider beam and the narrow beam is improved by 0.22Gbps; however, the wide-narrow beam cooperative method of the scheme supports different user requirements in the same coverage area.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments, aspects and advantages of the present invention, other and further details of the invention may be had by the foregoing description, it will be understood that the foregoing embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and that any changes, substitutions, alterations, etc. which may be made herein without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The cooperative control method for the wide and narrow band beams of the low-orbit satellite is characterized by comprising the following steps of: setting a pilot sequence for each satellite on a large-scale low-orbit satellite constellation, wherein each low-orbit satellite continuously broadcasts own pilot sequence; the ground terminal receives the pilot sequence broadcasted by the satellite, and judges which satellite the terminal is covered by through the pilot sequence; the covered ground terminal carries out precoding processing on the pilot frequency sequence and sends burst signals to satellite load; receiving burst signals by satellite load to obtain pilot sequence response; the satellite load carries out wide-narrow beam interference channel estimation on the pilot frequency sequence response, and an equivalent wide-narrow beam interference signal copy is reconstructed according to a wide-narrow beam interference channel estimation result; subtracting the reconstructed copies of the wide and narrow beam interference signals from each beam of the satellite load receiving end to obtain beam signals for eliminating the wide and narrow beam interference; carrying out beam forming on each beam signal eliminating interference; the expression of the satellite payload receiving pilot sequence responses of all transmitted bursts is:
R＝H 1 ·D T ·X+H 2 ·D T ·X+V·D T ·X+n 0
wherein H is 1 Representing interference matrix between L-band wide beams, H 2 Representing the interference matrix between L-band narrow beams, D representing the precoding matrix, X representing the user pilot sequence matrix, V representing the interference matrix between L-band wide beams and L-band narrow beams, T representing the transpose, n 0 Representing additive gaussian white noise.
2. The method for cooperative control of wide and narrow beams of a low-orbit satellite according to claim 1, wherein the step of setting a pilot sequence for each satellite on a large-scale low-orbit satellite constellation comprises:
step 1: randomly generating an m1 sequence and an m2 sequence by a low-orbit satellite;
step 2: intercepting sequences with the length of W groups 512 from m1 sequences with the phase difference of 64; intercepting sequences with the length of W groups 512 from m2 sequences with the phase difference of 64;
step 3: and performing exclusive OR processing on the m1 sequences and the m2 sequences with the length of W groups 512 respectively, and performing BPSK modulation to obtain pilot sequences.
3. The cooperative control method of wide and narrow beams of a low-orbit satellite according to claim 2, wherein the process of randomly generating the m1 sequence and the m2 sequence by the low-orbit satellite comprises: the low orbit satellite generates an m1 sequence with the length of 2-42-1 according to a polynomial x-42+x-2+x-1, and generates an m2 sequence with the length of 2-42-1 according to a polynomial x-42+x-41+x-40+x-30+x-1.
4. The method for cooperative control of wide and narrow beams of a low-orbit satellite according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining which satellite the terminal is covered by using the pilot sequence comprises: the terminal locally stores the pilot sequence of each satellite, and calculates the correlation value of the signals according to the pilot sequence of each satellite and the acquired signals; and comparing all the obtained pilot sequence correlation values, and selecting the satellite corresponding to the maximum correlation value as the satellite covering the terminal.
5. The cooperative control method of broadband and narrowband beams of a low-orbit satellite according to claim 1, wherein the ground terminal performs precoding processing on a pilot sequence to obtain a precoding matrix; the precoding matrix is:
wherein, the columns in the precoding matrix represent J beams, and the rows represent T time slots; c n,t Representing the nth beam and t represents the nth slot value.
6. The method for cooperative control of wide and narrow beams of a low-orbit satellite according to claim 1, wherein the expression for estimating the interference channel of the wide and narrow beams for the received pilot sequence response is:
P＝H 1 +H 2 +V
wherein E { } represents the desired mean,
representing the variance of P, P representing the equivalent L-band wide-narrow beam interference matrix, H 1 Representing interference matrix between L-band wide beams, H 2 Represents the interference matrix between L-band narrow beams, V represents the interference matrix between L-band wide beams and narrow beams, sigma 2 The variance of the gaussian white noise is represented, R represents the pilot sequence response, D represents the precoding matrix, and T represents the transpose.
7. The method for cooperative control of wide and narrow beams of a low-orbit satellite according to claim 1, wherein the expression for reconstructing the equivalent wide and narrow beam interference signal replica is:
wherein,,
the pilot sequence response is used for channel estimation of wide and narrow beam interference, and X represents a user pilot sequence matrix.
8. The method for cooperative control of wide and narrow beams of a low-orbit satellite according to claim 1, wherein the process of beamforming each beam signal after the interference cancellation of the wide and narrow beams by the satellite payload comprises:
step 1: subtracting the reconstructed copies of the wide and narrow beam interference signals from each beam of the satellite load receiving end;
step 2: and carrying out beam forming on each beam signal subjected to the equivalent wide and narrow beam interference elimination, and transmitting the formed beam to a target user.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein beamforming each beam signal after the equivalent bandwidth and narrow beam interference cancellation comprises beamforming Q elements of a low-orbit satellite load phased antenna to obtain a beam matrix, the matrix being:
wherein,,
obeying mean value 0 and variance +.>
Independent co-distributed complex gaussian random variable, +.>
Indicating that the nth beam is at (Q 1 ，Q 2 ) Excitation values at the array.
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| CN106471746A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2017-03-01 | 华为技术有限公司 | Node and method in wireless communication network |
| CN111147129A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-12 | 东方红卫星移动通信有限公司 | Pre-coding method of low-earth-orbit satellite communication system |
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| CN106471746A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2017-03-01 | 华为技术有限公司 | Node and method in wireless communication network |
| CN111147129A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-12 | 东方红卫星移动通信有限公司 | Pre-coding method of low-earth-orbit satellite communication system |
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